1

qqkrw
1. BweI mqI dws jI

2. BweI idAwlw jI

3. BweI aUdY isMG jI

4. bwbw bMdw isMG jI bhwdr

5. is`K b`cy dI ShIdI

6. ShId BweI mnI isMG jI

7. sMq- ispwhI BweI qwrw isMG jI 'vW'

8. BweI boqw isMG grjw isMG jI

9. ShId BweI su`Kw isMG mqHwb isMG jI

10. BweI qwrU isMG jI

11. ShId subyg isMG Swhbwz isMG jI

12. mIr mMnU dy vyly – mwsUm b`cy qy isMGxIAW dI Shwdq

13. BweI hwTU isMG jI dI ShIdI

14. ShId BweI gurbKS isMG jI

15. ShId bwbw dIp isMG jI

16. AkwlI PUlw isMG jI

17. hrI isMG nlUAw

18. swkw nnkwxw swihb

19. morcw gMgsr jYqoN

20. bhwdr b`cw ibSn isMG

21. swrw gVHI dw swkw

22. BweI BUpq isMG

 3

B
BweI m dws
mqI d jI

Awrw ip
pAwrw lgd
gdw hY kwrww kro bnwwie]
sIs
s jwie qw jwie, myrw isKI isdk nw jwie]

id`lI gurdu
r Awrw sIss gMj dy swmH
mHxy cONk ivc
c v`fw Puhwrww hY[ ies nUM BweI mqI
qI dws cOk kihM
k dy
hn[ ie`e`Qy BweI mqII dws jI ny Awpxw KUn folH ky nvMbr
b 1675 eII. nUM ShIdII pRwpq kIqII sI[

BweI mqI dws

B ws jI ipMf kirAwlw
k iz
zlHw ijhlm pMjwb (hux pwiksqwn)) dy vsnIk sn[
Awp dy ipqw
i dw nwm
m BweI prwwgw jI sI[ BweI prwg gw jI, gurU hirgoibMd swihb
s jI dI POj
ivc j`Qydwr
d sn[ jdoN BweI mqI m dws jII, gurU qyg bhwdr swih ihb jI kol bwbw bkwlyl ivKy
drSnW leI
l Awey qWW aunHW ny Awwpxw swrw jIvn
j siqgurW
r dI syvw ivc
iv Arpn kr id`qw[ Awp
 4

jI bhuqw smW gurU jI dy nyVy rhy[ gurU jI ny BweI mqI dws jI nUM dIvwn QwipAw[ BweI
mqI dws jI gurU qyg bhwdr swihb nwl ibhwr, bMgwl qy Aswm pRcwr dOry qy nwl gey sn[

jdoN gurU qyg bhwdr swihb, ihMdUAW qy ho rhy zulm nUM rokx leI id`lI gey qW Awp jI
dy nwl BweI mqI dws jI, BweI idAwlw jI, BweI gurid`qw jI, BweI audY jI, BweI jYqw jI qy
BweI sqI dws jI Awid guris`K sn[

jdoN muZl hkUmq nwl g`lbwq isry nw cVHI qW gurU qyg bhwdr swihb jI nUM ShId krn
dw hukm id`qw igAw[ BweI mqI dws jI, BweI sqI dws jI qy BweI idAwlw jI gurU swihb dy
kol hI rhy[ aunHW PYslw kIqw ik auh gurU swihb nUM iek`ilAW ShId nhIN hox dyxgy[ BweI
gurid`qw jI nUM AnMdpur swihb ByijAw igAw[ BweI jYqw jI qy audY jI dI izMmyvwrI sqgurW dI
Shwdq dy bwAd srIr nUM sMBwlx leI lgweI geI[

muZl hkUmq ny PYslw kIqw ik gurU jI qoN pihlW BweI mqI dws, BweI sqI dws qy BweI
idAwlw jI nUM ShId kIqw jwvy[ swry Sihr ivc FMforw iptvwieAw igAw[ BwrI igxqI ivc
lok iek`Ty ho gey[ pihlW mqI dws jI nUM koqvwlI ivcoN ilAWdw igAw, ij`Qy jlwd pihlW hI,
Awrw qy SkMjw lY ky KVy kIqy gey sn[

BweI mqI dws jI nUM kwzI ny AwiKAw is`KI C`f ky muslmwn ho jwvo[ quhwnUM bhuq su`K
idqy jwxgy, pRMqU BweI swihb ny swry duinAwvI su`K qy lwlc Tukrw id`qy qy ikhw mYN is`KI nhIN
C`f skdw, BwvyN myrI jwn vI clI jwvy[

kwzI ny iPr ikhw ik ‘gurU swihb dw swQ C`f idau’ BweI swihb ny ikhw, gurU swihb nUM
C`f ky mYN izMdw nhIN rih skdw[ AMq nUM mrnw qW hY hI, ikauN nw is`KI inBw ky hI mrW[ gurU
swihb qoN pihlI Shwdq myrI hovygI[’

kwzI ny BweI swihb nUM Awry nwl do-PwV krn dw hukm suxw id`qw[ BweI swihb jI qoN
AMiqm KwihS pu`CI geI ik qusIN kI cwhuMdy ho?

BweI mqI dws jI ny auqr id`qw, ‘myry sIs qy Awrw r`Kx smyN, myrw mUMh gurU swihb dy
v`l kr dyxw qW ik mYN Awpxy AMqly smyN Awpxy pRIqm dy drSn kr skW[ bs iehI myrI ie`Cw
hY[

iesy qrHW kIqw igAw[ BweI swihb ny jpujI swihb dw pwT kIqw[ BweI swihb dy sIs
qy Awrw c`lxw SurU hoieAw[ KUn dIAW DwrW dUr-dUr q`k v`gx l`gIAW[ KUn dy prnwly Cut
pey[ pr vyKx vwly lok dMg rih gey ik BweI swihb nUM jrw vI Gbrwht nhIN sI[ ijvyN
Awrw c`l irhw sI ichry qy jlwl v`Ddw jw irhw sI[ vyKx vwilAW dy rONgty KVy ho gey[
ies qrHW dI ShIdI aunHW pihlW kdy nhIN sI vyKI[ Awry dw cIr BweI swihb dI Afol AvsQw
nUM BMg nw kr sikAw[ BweI swihb dw srIr do-PwV ho igAw qy aunHW dI Awqmw rUpI BOr
aufwrI mwr igAw[ dunIAW dy ieiqhws ivc BweI swihb dI Shwdq byimswl hY[

ijnHW lokW ny ieh iBAwnk swkw vyiKAw jW suixAw aunHW AMdr is`K Drm pRqI idRVqw qy
ipAwr hor viDAw[ lokW ny mihsUs kIqw ik is`K Drm hI iek mhwn Drm hY jo AslI jIvn
 5

jwc isKKwauNdw hY[ is`KI AsUlW nUM Dwrn krn

k nwl mnu
n`uK dI Awqm
mw ieqnI blvwn
b ho jWWdI hY
ik mOq dw
d fr aus nUM frw nhIN skdw[
s

1.. BweI
eI idA
Awlw jI
j
jdo
dN gurU qyg bhwdr swiihb jI kS SmIrI
pMifqW
f dI pukwr w sux ky mzlU
mz mW dI r`iKAw
krrn dI Kwqr r ShIdI pRwpq krn leI
id`lI
l gey qW AwpA jI dy nwl coxvyN is`K
snn- BweI mqII dws jI, BweI
B idAwl
lw jI,
BweeI gurid`qw jI,
j BweI adYau jI, BweII sqI
dwss jI qy BweII jYqw jI[

BweI id dAwlw jI nUM gurU jI d

dy nwl
jylH
lH ivc bMd kIqw igA Aw[ id`lI
l dy
muslmwn
s hwkm mW ny pihlWW BweI mqI dws
jI nUM Awry nwl l cIr ky ShhId kIqw[ iPr
aunH
nHW BweI idA Awlw jI nUM pwxI
p dI dyg ivc
ibTTwieAw Aqy hyTW A`g bwl b id`qI[ ies
qrH
rW aubldy pwxIp ivc aubwl ky BweI
idAwlw jIj nUM ShId kIqw igAw[ sUrbIr bhwdr
b BweI
eI idAwlw jI ny ies A`q dy srIrk k du`K
nUM quC kr
rky jwixAw Aqy gurbwx
xI dw pwT krdy
k -krdyy gurpurI nUM is
sDwr gey[

BweI idAwlww jI aunHW iqM

B qn isdkvwnn is`KW ivcoN hn, ijnHW nUM gurU qyg bhwdr
b jI d
dy nwl
ShId kr r id`qw igA
Aw[ Awp nUM gurU qyg bhwdr
b jI qN
qo iek idn pihlW 10 nvM n br 16755 eI.
vwly idn
n ShId kIqww igAw[ BweIB idAwlww jI AMqly suAwsW q`k ‘jpu
‘ jI’ swih ihb dw pwT krdy
sn[

Awp jI dw jnm
A j ipMf Al
lIpur, izlHw muzPrgVH (XU. pI.)iv
vKy BweI mweI
eI dws jI d
dy gRih
ivKy hoieAw[
e Awp jI dI mwqww dw nwm bIbI
bI mDurI bweI
b sI[ Awp
A jI dy hor 11 Brw sn,
ijnHW ivco
coN kyvl Bwe
eI Amr cMd nUM C`f ky bwkI
b swry is`
s`K Drm dy AsUlW aupr pihrw idMdy
dy hoey
ShId ho gey[ BweI idAwlw jI ShId BweII mnI isMG dy v`fy Brw sn[
s

jdoN gurU qyg bhwdr jI gu

j grg`dI qy bYTx mgroN pU
prb vwly pwsy
p pRcwr dOry leI ink
kly qW
BweI idA
Awlw jI Awp p jI dy nwl
l sn, ptny phuMc ky gurU
rU qyg bhwdr
r swihb jI

ny Awpxy
x pirvwr nM nUM ieQy hI rihx
r dw hukm
k id`qw qy Awp Aswm m v`l A`gy c`
cl pey[ ptnw
p
Sihr ivvKy gur pirv vwr dI dyKBwl
B krn dII izMmyvwrI AwpA jI nUM hI
h sONpI geII sI[ Awp
p nwm
bwxI dy rsIey
r , p`ky ierwdy
i vwly guris`K, nyk qy iemwnd
dwr mhWpurS sn[
 6

BweI idAwlw jI dI ShIdI rONgty KVy kr dyx vwlI hY[ ies ShIdI swky ny AOrMgzyb
dI zulmI srkwr dw ichrw by-nkwb krky Bwrq vwsIAW nUM bVw mzbUq sunyhw id`qw ik zulm
swmHxy Juk jwx nwloN ShId ho jwxw bVw nyk kwrj hY[

gurU qyg bhwdr swihb jI Awp jI dI bVI kdr kirAw krdy sn[ ies g`l dw sbUq
gurU qyg bhwdr swihb jI duAwrw ilKy gey hukmnwimAW qoN vI pqw l`gdw hY[

AOrMgzyb ny au`qr Bwrq ivc sKqI dw dOr SurU kIqw qy zbrdsqI lokW nUM ieslwm dy
dwiety ivc ilAWdw jwx l`g ipAw, ieho ijhy smyN ivc, loV sI ik koeI ienHW (mzlUmW) dw
twkrw krky lokW nUM DIrj dy sky qy mzlUmW dI bWh pkV sky, so gurU qyg bhwdr swihb jI
Awpxw Aswm dOrw jldI-jldI mukw ky vwps pMjwb phuMc gey[ aunHW BweI idAWlw jI nUM hukm
Byj id`qw ik auh goibMd rwey (gurU goibMd isMG jI ) qy gur pirvwr nUM lY ky AnMdpur phuMc jwx[
gurU qyg bhwdr jI dw aupdyS sI ik “BY kwhU kau dyiq nih nih BY mwnq Awn”- Bwv AsIN
iksy nUM BY idMdy nhIN qy nw hI iksy dw BY mMnx leI iqAwr hW[

pMjwb phuMc ky gurU qyg bhwdr swihb jI ny ipMf-ipMf iPr ky lokW nUM hONslw id`qw qy
zulm ivru`D ft jwx dI pRyrnw id`qI[jdoN Awp jI dy drbwr ivc kSmIrI pMifq vI phuMcy qW
Awp ny aunHw nUM vI ikhw ik kwier bxn dI loV nhIN, blvwn bxo qy mOq dw BY iqAwg ky Awpxy
h`kW dI rwKI kro[ gurU qyg bhwdr swihb jI dy pRcwr qoN BY-BIq ho ky AOrMgzyb ny Awp jI dI
igRPqwrI dy hukm jwrI kr id`qy[ jdoN muZl hwkmW vloN Awp jI nUM igRPqwr krky id`lI
ByijAw igAw qW BweI idAwlw jI vI Awp dy nwl sn[

muZl hwkm cwhuMdy sn ik iksy qrHW fr, BY jW lwlc dy ky gurU jI nUM ieslwm dy dwiery
ivc lY AweIey pr jdoN swry Xqn Pyl ho gey qW aunHW ny gurU qyg bhwdr jI nwl igRPqwr kIqy
is`KW nUM qsIhy dy-dy ky ShId kr id`qw[ sB qoN pihlW BweI mqI dws jI nUM Awry nwl cIr ky
ShId kr id`qw igAw iPr BweI idAwlw jI nUM aubldI dyg ivc ibTw ky ShId krn dw hukm
id`qw igAw, BweI idAwlw jI AMiqm suAwsW qk gurbwxI dw pwT kr rhy sn, Awp h`sdy-
h`sdy ShId ho gey pr is`KI nUM lwj nhIN l`gx id`qI[

2. BweI audY isMG jI

BweI audY isMG jI gurU goibMd isMG jI
dy smyN dy is`K sn[ auh BweI bic`qr
isMG jI dy Brw sn[ aunHW dy ipqw mnI
rwm jI ny, jo AlIpur izlHw mulqwn dy
vsnIk sn, aunHW ny Awpxy pMjy b`icAW nUM
dSmyS jI nUM Arpn kIqw sI[ ieh pMj
pMQ-rqn audY isMG, Ajb isMG, Ank
isMG, bic`qr isMG sn[ BweI audY isMG
jI Aqy ienHW dy cwry Brw bVy cMgy
inSwncI qy inrBY iSkwrI sn[
 7

‘Koqy aupr Syr dI K`lH’ vwlI swKI jo dsm pwqSwh dy pwvn jIvn ivc AwauNdI hY,
aus leI Syr dI K`lH BweI audY isMG jI Syr dw iSkwr krky dsm ipqw dy hzUr ivc

lY hwzr hoey sn[

iek vwrI gurU goibMd isMG jI iSkwr leI gey[ kuJ is`K vI siqgur jI nwl sn, ijnHW
ny GoiVAW qy mwl fMgr leI Gwh p`Tw vI iek`Tw krnw sI[ do phwVI rwijAW blIAw cMd qy
Awlm cMd ny jd dyiKAw ik siqgur jI nwl QoVy is`K hn, qW aunHW ny siqgurW qy hmlw kr
id`qw[ BweI audY isMG ny ies lVweI ivc kmwl dI bhwdrI idKweI[ pihlW Awlm cMd dw
mukwblw BweI Awlm isMG nwl hoieAw Aqy AWlm isMG ny aus dI s`jI bWh v`F id`qI[ blIAw
cMd ny A`gy vD ky BweI audY isMG nwl t`kr lYx dI socI qW BweI audY isMG ny bMdUk dI golI nwl
aus nUM P~tV kr id`qw qy auh if`g ipAw[ phwVIey B`j auTy qy is`KW dI ij`q hoeI[ BweI audY
dI bIrqw dI gurU swihb ny bhuq pRSMsw kIqI[

AnMdpur swihb dIAW swrIAW lVweIAW ivc BweI audY isMG ny v`D cVH ky ih`sw ilAw[
jd bhuq swry phwVI ihMdU rwijAW dIAW POjW ny iml ky AnMdpur dw Gyrw GiqAw qW siqgur jI
ny PiqhgVH iklHy dI r`iKAw vwsqy BweI audY isMG nUM QwipAw[

BweI bicqr isMG nUM gurU swihb ny hwQI dy mukwbly leI ByijAw Aqy BweI audY isMG jI
ny gurU jI pwsoN AwigAw mMgI ik auh jsvwl dy rwjy kysrI cMd ( jo phwvI rwijAW dIAW POjW
dw jrnYl sI) nUM is`Dw t`krnw cwhuMdw sI[ ikauNik aus ny hMkwr ivc Aw ky ieh sONh KwDI sI
ik auh gurU swihb dw sIs lY ky Aj prqygw[ aus duSt dI suDweI leI siqgur jI dI
AwigAw lY ky BweI audY isMG jI ny kuJ sUrbIr isMG ley qy ihMdU rwijAW auqy B`uKy Syr dI qrHW
t`ut pey Aqy plo-plI phwVI PojW dy s`Qr lwh C`fy[

BweI audY isMG dy Brw bic`qr isMG ny hwQI dy isr ivc nwgxI brSw mwr ky aus nUM burI
qrHW zKmI kr id`qw[ jd msq hwQI mwr Kw ky vwps phwVI rwijAW dIAW POjW nUM kuclx
l`g ipAw qW jsvwl dy rwjy kysrI cMd nUM vMgwrdy hoey AwiKAw ik qyry ivc ihMmq hY qW auh
is`Dw aus nwl lohw lvy qy swmHxy Aw ky do-h`Q kry[ BweI audY isMG jI ny bVI PurqI nwl brSy
dy vwr nwl kysrI cMd nUM zKmIN kIqw, qy sMBlx qoN pihlW hI A`gy v`D ky kysrI cMd aupr
qlvwr dw Aijhw vwr kIqw ik pihlI s`ty hI aus dw isr v`F id`qw[ v`Fy hoey isr nUM Awpxy
brSy auqy tMg ky au`cw cu`k ky BweI audY isMG POrn iklHy ivc vwps prq Awey[ isMGW dI BwrI
ij`q dw ishrw BweI audY isMG dy isr sI[

AnMdpur swihb dI pMjvIN lVweI ivc vI BweI audY isMG jI mohrI jrnYl sn[ ienHW ny
duSmxW dy KUb AwhU lwhy[ jd phwVI rwijAW Aqy muZl POjW dI pyS nw geI Aqy bhuq nukswn
hoieAw qW aunHW ny AnMdpur swihb nUM v`fw Gyrw pw id`qw[ 6-7 mhIny dy Gyry dOrwn keI JptW
hoeIAW[ AMq pOh dy mhIny 18-19 dsMbr 1704 eI. nUM iek hnHyrI rwq ivc gurU jI ny AnMdpur
C`f id`qw[ gurU jI iklHy qoN bwhr Awey qW BweI audY isMG, BweI dXw isMG qy BweI Awlm isMG
sB qoN A`gy sn[ siqgur jI pihlW rwm GnOlw nUM gey qy iPr kIrqpur v`l muVy[ pr jdoN
inrmoh lwgy phuMcy qW duSmx ny ipCoN hmlw kr id`qw[ BweI audY isMG jI aus dsqy ivc Aw
gey jo ik bwbw AjIq isMG dI kmwn hyTW sI[ srsw kMFy bhuq hI iBAwnk lVweI hoeI[
 8

BweI auydY isMG jI duSmx dw mukwblw krdy hoey bVI hI bhwdrI nwl lVy, iek vwr qW swihb
AjIq isMG nUM

bcwauNidAW CwqIAW fwh ky KVy ho gey[ Aqy jd qk swihb AjIq isMG dUr q`k A`gy nhIN
inkl gey, BweI swihb auQy hI ft gey Aqy duSmx dw mukwblw krdy hoey ShIdI pw gey[

3. bwbw bMdw isMG jI bhwdr

bwbw bMdw isMG jI bhwdr pihly is`K
bwdSwh sn[ sB qoN pihlW is`K rwj aunHW ny
hI kwiem kIqw sI[ Awp puxC (kSmIr) dy
jmpl sn[ Awp dw pihlw nW lCmx dws
sI[ iek vwr Awp jI ny iek ihrnI dw
iSkwr kIqw[ ihrnI dy pyt ivc b`cy sn, jo
bwbw jI dIAW A`KW swmHxy qVP-qVP ky mr
gey[ bwbw jI ies du`K nUM nw shwr sky[ Awp
bYrwgI bx gey[ hux Awp dw nW mwDo dws
bYrwgI sI[ Awp jI ny jwnkI dws nUM Awpxw
gurU bxwieAw, pr mn nUM SWqI nw iml skI
ies qrHW vwro vwrI do hor gurU bxwey, pr koeI
vI Awp nUM s`cw su`K nw dy sikAw[ ikauNik
Awp jI ny jo gurU Dwrn kIqy aunHW ivcoN s`cw
gurU koeI nhIN sI[

Awp jMqrW-mMqrW dy c`kr ivc pY gey[ d`Kx ivc godwvrI ndI dy kMFy ienHW dw fyrw
sI, kuJ cyly vI iek`Ty kr ley[ jMqrW rwhIN sMqW-swDW nUM qMg krnw, aunHW dw mjwk aufwauxw,
Awp dw inq dw krm bx igAw[ ies qrHW lokW qy Awpxw dbdbw ibTwieAw qy cMgw pRBwv pw
ilAw[ pRMqU mnu`Kqw nUM Awp dIAW ir`DIAW-is`DIAW dw koeI lwB nhIN sI, nukswn zrUr sI[
lok sihm Aqy fr kwrx Awp dI mwnqw krdy sn[

gurU goibMd isMG jI jdoN d`Kx v`l godwvrI dy kMFy phuMcy qW ies bYrwgI swD dy fyry qy jw
ky ies dy plMG qy bYT gey[ ienHW dy cyilAW ny bVw zor lwieAw ik plMG ault jwey[ pr
kwmXwb nw ho sky[ Kud mwDo dws ny Aw ky bVy jMqr-mMqr vrqy, pr sB Pyl ho gey[ gurU
swihb dy swmHxy aus dI pyS nw geI[ hwr ky crnIN if`g ipAw qy kihx l`gw, ‘gurU jI, mYN
quhwfw bMdw hW[’ bMdy dw ArQ hY syvk[ ies qrHW aunHW dw nW bwbw bMdw isMG mShUr hoieAw[
gurU jI aus nUM AimRq Ckw ky Awpxw is`K bxwieAw[ AMimRq ny bwbw jI AMdr nvIN SkqI Br
id`qI hux auh bYrwgI nhIN sI[ hux aus dw kMm lokW nUM frwauxw nhIN sI[ hux auh iksy koloN
frn vwlw nhIN sI irhw[ hux auh sUrbIr AMimRqDwrI isMG sI[

gurU jI ny bMdw isMG nUM isMGW dw j`Qydwr QwipAw[ pMj isG aus dy slwhkwr inXq
kIqy[ SSqr dy ky aus nUM isMGW smyq pMjwb ByijAw qW ik zwlmW nUM soiDAw jw sky[ bwbw bMdw
 9

isMG bhwwdr ny pMjwb

b Aw ky zwl lmW dy dMd K`ty kr id`qy
qy, zwlmW nUM BwjVW pY geIAW[ gurU dy
is`KW dI Dwk qW pih
hloN hI bYTI ho
heI sI[ zwlm
z aunHW dy nW qoN Qr-
-Qr kMbx l`gy[

bwbw jI ny srhM
b s d dI ie`iet nwl ie` e`t KVkw id`d`qI[ Coty swihbzwidA
s AW dy kwql l sUbw
srhMd nUM mOq dy Gwwt auqwirA
Aw[ duSt s` sucw nMd zl
lIl JOlI cu`k nUM nkyl pw ky GsIIt ky
mwirAw igAw[
i ies qrHW zwlmWW nUM aunHW dy pwpW dI szzw id`qI geII[ bwbw jII ny hor zwl
lmW nUM
vI cux-cu
cux ky soiDA
Aw Aqy pMjwb
b ivc is`K rwj kwiem kIqw[ AWWp ny gurU jII dy nwm dw is`kw
vI clwie
eAw[ v`fIA AW-v`fIAW AO
AkVW ivc Awp A Gbrwey ey nhIN[

jdoN id`lI dy qKq 'qy Pr

j rKsIAr bYTw T qW aus n ny is`KW dI id
dn-b-idn v`vD rhI qwk
kq nUM
vyK ky hr
ho gu`sw KwD Dw[ bwbw jIj nUM PVn leI BwrI igxqI i ivc POj ByjI[ bwbw bMdw isMG
bhwdr ny Awpxy swQIsw isMGW smy
s q gurdws s nMgl dI gVHI ivc vYrI dy it`fI fI dl dw ft
f ky
mukwblw kIqw[ bwh hrlw Gyrw bhu
b q v`fw q qy sKq ho cu`kw
k sI[ gVH VHI AMdr Kwx
x-pIx dw smwn
s
Kqm ho igAw[
i isMGW
G ny drKq qW dy p`qy Kww ky guzwrw kIqw[ AwK Krkwr vYrI bMdw isMG jI nUM
igRPqwr krn ivc kwmXwb
k ho gey
g [

bwbw jII nwl keI isMGW

nUM vI igRPqr r krky id`lI
ilA AWdw igAw[ zwlmW ny ikhw
jo vI is`K Drm C`f ky muslmwn
l
ho jwvy, aus nUM C`f id`qw
jwvygw[
g pr iksy
i ny is`KI
K qoN
mUMh nhIN moiVAww[ swry isMGW
G nUM
ShId d kr id`qwq igAw[ hux
bwbww jI dI vwr rI AweI[ Awp
jI nUM bVy qs sIhy id`qy gey[
grm m jMbUrW nwl
nw bwbw jI j dy
srIr r dw mws noicAw ig gAw[
aunHW dy p`uqr dw
d klyjw k`F ky
bwbww jI dy mUMh ivc qM quMinAw
igA Aw[ pr bwb bw jI folHy nhIN[
n
aunHW is`KI isdkk nhIN C`ifAw[
f
aunHW ny AwpxI
A jwn inCwvr kr r id`qI, pr is`KI nUM nh
hIN C`ifAw[ ieh swrI SkqI AMimRq dI
sI, gurbwxI
b dI sI, ijs ny bwbw
bw bMdw isMG jI
j nUM ieqnww bhwdr bx xw id`qw[

A`j AsIN vI bwbw jI qr

A rHW is`KI ivc
c pRp`k rih
hxw hY[ iksy sy pRkwr dy fr
f nUM Awpxy
xy nyVy
nhIN Awau
aux dyxw[ iksy
ik vI duinA AwvI lwlc ivc Ps k ky gurU jI nUM ip`
i T nhIN dxI[
dy gurbwwxI qy
ieiqhws nUM pVH ky ie
es qoN hmySw hI syD lYNdy rihxw hY[
 10

4. is`K b`cy dI ShIIdI

bwbw bMdw isMG bhwddr dy nwm qoN zwlm lok
Qr-Qr kMbdy sn[ bwbw jI ny zwlmW nM nUM
AYsI mwr r mwrI ik iek
i vwr qWW swry zulm
krnoN h`t gey[ jdodN PrKsIAr r ny id`lI dII
hkUmq sMBwlI qW asau ny is`KW dI v`D rhII
SkqI nMnUM Kqm kr rn bwry soicAw[
ic bhuq
BwrI igx xqI ivc Pj
POj iek`TI kIqI
k geI qqy
AMq bwbww bMdw isMG jI nUM swQI isMGW smyq
‘gurdws nMgl’ dII gVHI ivc Gyr ilAww
igAw[ isMGW ny bwb bw jI dI AgvweI
A ivc
c
muZl POjW j dw ft ky mukwblw kIqw[
k AMq
Awpxy swQI
s isGW smyq bwbww bMdw isMG
bhwdr, duSmxW dy h`Q Aw gey ey[ gurdws s
nMgl dI gVHI ivc PVyP gey, isMsMGW dI igxxqI QoVI ku sI [ zkr rIAw KW ny bwdSwh
b qy pR
pBwv
pwaux le eI GrW ivcc rih rhy, KyqIbwVI, vpwr
v krdy keI is`KW nUM vI PV ilAw[
il ieauN 740
isMGW nUM PV
P ky jlUs dI Skl iv vc id`lI ilA AWdw igAw[
[

hr-roz 100 isMGW nUnM ShId kr

rnw SurU kIq
qw[ ienHW isMGW ivcoN iek nOjuAwn
n AYsw vI sI
s jo
AwpxI bu`FI mW dw ieko
i -iek pu`qr sI[ aus dI aumr msW Ajy 1 18 swl sI[ aus dw iv vAwh
hoieAW hwly
h QoVw icr r hI hoieAww sI[

is
s`K nOjuAwn dI b`uFI mW bVI muSkl nwl bwdSwwh PrKsIA
Ar kol pu`jI Aqy bhwnw lw ky
bwdSwh nU
nM AwiKAw ik
i myrw pu`qr is`K nhIN[ ies nUM glqI
g nwl PV
P ilAw hY[ myry b`cy nUM C`f
id`qw jwey
ey[

bwdSwh bVw KuS hoieAww[ ikauNik koeI is`K mu

b mAwPI nhINN sI mMgdw ies leI aus ny
soicAw, AsIN lokW nUM d`sWgy ik
k is`KW ny mAwPI
mu mMg leI
l hY[ bwwdSwh ny ie eh ilK id`qw
q ik
jykr iehh b`cw ieh kih dyvy ik “mYN is`K nhIN”
n qW aus nUM C`f id`qw
q jwvy[

nOjuAwn dI bu`FI mwqw, bwdSwh

b dw ieh hukm lY l ky auQy p`
pu`jI ij`Qy aus dy b`cy nUM bwkI
isMGW smymyq kql kIqqw jwxw sI aus ny bwdS Swh dw hukm,
m koqvwl dy hvwly kIq qw Aqy ikhww ieh
isMG nhIIN Aqy glqII nwl PiVA Aw igAw hY[ iPr Awp pxy b`cy pws jw ky ikhw ik qUM kih dy ik
mYN gurU dw
d is`K nhIN qW qyrI jwnn bc jwieg gI[ jd nOju juAwn ny iehh g`l suxI qW q au`cI-a`ucI
cI kUk
au`iTAw, ik myrI mW JUT boldI hY, myrI mW JUT boldI hY[ mYN gurU jI dw p`kw is`K hW, mN mY gurU
jI dw is`s`K hW[ mYnM
nUM jldI ShIdId kro[ mYN is`KI nhIN C`f skdw[ mYnUM is`KI AwpxI
A jwn nwloN
vI izAwd dw ipAwrI hY[ is`KI iqAwgx
iq nwlo
loN myrw mr jwxw
j cMgw hY[ ieh koeI e Kyf nhIN,, jdoN
mrzI is` s`K bx gey qy jdoN mrzII is`KI C`f id`
i qI[ mYN AMq qIk is`K hI rhWgw[
 11

b`cy dw ieh au
a`qr sux k ky mW kMb ge
eI[ aus ny bVw smJwiieAw ik iek k vwr ieh AwK
dyh ik ‘mYN is`K nhIIN hW, qyrI jwn
j bc jwvy vygI, bwhr jw
j ky iPr is`
i K bx jwv vIN’[ pRMqU b`
bcy ny
iek nw su
sxI ikauNik
k (auh b`cw A`Aj dy AwgUgAW qy is`KW vrgw nhIN sI) auh au`cI-au`cI ie eh hI
kihMdw sI ik “mYN is
s`K hW,! mYN is`K hW!! myrI mW JUT boldI hY[ is`K kdI JT JU nhIN boldwd mYN
is`K hW”
”[ jlwd vws wsqy ieh iekek nvIN imsswl sI[ koeIe is`K v`fy qoN v`fy lwl
lc jW frwvyv ivc
nhIN sI AwauNdw qy AM
Aq ShId ho jWdw sI[ bu`FI mW ny bVIAW ill lkVIAW leI eIAW qy roeI, pr
nOjuAwn nU
nM auh Drm qoN fulHw nw skI[

ie
es qrHW nOju
juAwn is`K b`
bcw ShId ho igAw, pr
r aus ny is`
s`KI nhIN C`fI[
fI aus ny is`KI
kysW suAwsW
A nwl inB
BweI[

is
s`KW nUM is`KI AwpxI jwn
n nwloN v`D ipAwrI huMdI
dI hY[ is`K leI is`KI qoN v`D ky dnIAW
du
dI koeI cIz nhIN[ is`K jwn qW q dy skdww hY pr is`KIKI AsUl nhI
hIN C`f skdw
dw[ is`K kd dI vI
JUT nhIN boldw[

5.
5 Sh
hId BweI
B m isM
mnI sMG jII
Bwe
eI mnI isMG jI BweI id dAwlw
jI dy CtyCo Brw sn n[ auh msW m 5
virHAW dy sn ik aunH nHW dy ipqw ny aunHW
nUM gurU qyg bhwdr jI kol Arpn n kr
id`qw[ auprMq CotI aumr qoN hI h sRI
dSmyS jI j dI syvw ivc rhy[ jd
sMn 1704 4 ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI ny
AnMdpur C`ifAw qW q gurU jI dI
AwigAw Anuswr BweI B mnI isMG,
mwqw suMdr
d kOr jI q qy mwqw swihbb kOr
jI dy nwl l id`lI jw Tihry[ AMq sMn
1705 iv vc sRI dSmy myS ipqw jIj dI
hzUrI ivc i dmdm mw swihb pu`jy[
dmdmy swihbs ivdvvwnW dI tk kswl
bxwaux leI l gurU goibMi d isMG jI ny bwbw dIp
dI isMG jI qy BweI mn
nI isMG jI nUM muKI Qwip
pAw[
dSmyS ipqwip jI qoN hI ienHW ny pUry gurU gRMQ swihb jIj dy ArQ ivAwiKAw Awid is`Ky sn[
dmdmy swihb
s qoN Awp
p iPr ipMf kYQovwl sMgrU
g r ivKy pRcwr
c krdy rhy
hy[

mwqw suMdr kOr jI ny dr

m rbwr swihb
b dw pRbMD TIk
TI krn le eI BweI mnI
nI isMG jI nUM sMn
1721 dy SurU ivc sRsI drbwr swihb jI dw d gRMQI QwiipAw[ Awwp jI dy jIIvn, ivdvq qw qy
SKsIAq q qoN is`K, ihMdU qy muslmwn
l sB hI pRBwivq sn[
s iehI kwrx
k hY ik
k jd pMQ qy Aiq
pIVw dw smW sI, Awp
A jI drb bwr swihb qy Akwl qK Kq swihb AMAimRqsr swiihb dy muKI sn[
iksy dI zu
zArq nhINN peI ik ie eQy hmlw krIey
k [ keII v`fy muslm
mwn qy pIr PkIr,
P ihMdU sMq-
swD Awpp pws gurmiiq dw igAwn n hwsl krrn,
 12

crcw Awid leI itky rihMdy sn[ Awp jI dI imknwqIsI SKsIAq krky AnykW ihMdU
muslmwn is`K sj gey sn[ BweI su`Kw isMG ShId, ijnHW ny m`sy rMGV dw isr v`iFAw sI, nUM
vI is`KI dI lwg ienHW pwsoN l`gI sI[ Awp jI aus smyN dy pMQ dy AwgUAW ivcoN isrk`F AwgU
sn[

AMimRqsr ivc ivswKI dw mylw muZl srkwr ny keI virHAW qoN bMd kIqw hoieAw sI[
sMn 1715 qoN lY ky 1753 qk Kwlsy dy iemiqhwn dw smW sI[ Kwlsy dy isrW dy mu`l r`Ky gey[
Kwlsw duSmx dI qwkq nUM qbwh krn leI v`Ko-v`K j`iQAW rwhIN lohw lY sky, cMgy idnW leI
iqAwrI kr rhy sn[ Kwlsw iKMifAw-puMifAw hoieAw sI[ Kwlsw jMgl, byilAW, phwVW,
ryigsqwnW, ivc pnwh leI bYTw sI[ Kwlsy dI qwkq nUM iek mu`T krn leI BweI swihb ny
iek ivauNq bxweI[ sMn 1734 eI. ivc BweI swihb ny lwhOr dy sUby pwsoN ivswKI dw mylw
lwaux dI AwigAw mMgI[ AwigAw ies Srq qy id`qI geI ik myly mgroN BweI swihb 10 hzwr
rupey srkwr nUM dyx[ mylw ds idn rihxw sI[

BweI mnI isMG jI ny isMGW nUM s`dy Byj id`qy, pr auDr sUby ny dIvwn lKpq rwey dy
mwqihq bhuq swrI POj Byj id`qI, ijs ny rwm qIrQ jw fyrw lwieAw[ ienHW dI cwl sI ik
myly 'qy jdoN Kwlsw iek`Tw hovygw qW hmlw krky isMGW nUM qbwh kr id`qw jwvygw[ BweI swihb
nUM ies ivauNq dw pqw l`g igAw[ BweI swihb ny dubwrw hukm ByijAw ik Kwlsw pMQ iekqr
nw hovy[ BweI swihb dy hukm Anuswr Kwlsw pMQ iekqr nw hoieAw[ ivswKI qoN bwAd jdoN
lwhOr drbwr ny pYsy mMgy qW BweI swihb ny sp`St kih id`qw ik quhwfI cwl ivc Kwlsw pMQ
nhIN Aweygw[ iek pwsy quhwfy dsqy Kwlsy nUM Kqm krn leI gSq krn Aqy dUjy pwsy quhwnUM
pYsy dyeIey[ quhwfw ieh vwAdw sI ik AsIN isMGW nUM kuJ nhIN khWgy[ ies leI hux quhwnUM
kwhdy leI pYsy qwrIey[ aunHw nUM ies AprwD dw bhwnw bxw ky igRPqwr krky lwhOr iljwieAw
igAw[ auQy aunHW nUM ikhw igAw, jW muslmwn ho jwE, nhIN qW quhwfw bMd-bMd k`t id`qw
jwvygw[

BweI mnI isMG ny Drm iqAwgxoN nWh kr id`qI[ jlwdW ny aunHW dy bMd-bMd k`t ky
ShId kr id`qw[ ieh swkw jUn sMn 1734 eI. dw hY[

BweI mnI isMG dI ShIdI dy qurMq ipCoN aunHW dy BqIjy BweI AGV isMG qy Qrwj isMG jI
ny Pqvy dyx vwly kwzI dw isr v`F ky bdlw lY ky ieh d`s id`qw ik is`K su`K dw swh qd hI
lYNdw hY jd zwlm qoN pUrw-pUrw bdlw nw lY lvy[
 13

7. sM
sq-is
ispwhII BweI
eI q
qwrw isG jI 'vW''
isM

mZl rwj AMdr

mu
pMjwb ivci izMmId
dwrw
FMg huMdw sI[ ipMf dy
cODrI lokW
k qy bVw zlm
zu
krdy sn[s nOSihry
i
ipMf dw cODrI 'swiihb
rwey' sII[ ieh bVwb
hMkwrI Aqy
A A`iqAwc cwrI
sI[ i
ieh AwpxIxIAW
GoVIAW is`KW dy KyqW
AMdr cr rn leI Ku`lIAW
l HI
C`f idMdw
d sI[ iek
i
idn is`KW
K ny cODrII nUM
ikhw, 'cODrI jI,
AwpxIA AW GoVIAW bMnHn ky r`Ko'[ A`goN cODrI ny au`qr id`qw,
q 'mYN quhwfy
w kysW dy r`sy v`t ky GVIAW
Go
bMnHWgw[' cODrI dI ieh
i g`l is`KW
K dy sIny cIr
c geI[ is`K kysW bwry b ieho ijhy hy gMdy Sbd ikvyN
shwr sk kdy sn[ aunHW ny ieh g` gl nyVy dy ipM
ipf 'Bu`sy' iv
vc s. Amr r isMG qy s. bGyl isMG nUM jw
d`sI[

s. Amr isMG qy bGyl isM

s isG ny cODrI swihb rwey
ey dIAW GoVIAW
VI k`F le
eIAW qy s. Awlw
isMG pit
tAwly vwly kol jw vycIAW[
cI swrI mwieAw s.. qwrw isMG ipMf 'vW' dy
d lMgr ivcc pw
id`qI[

BweI qwrw isM

B isG bVw Bj jnIk guris`
s`K sI[ ip pMf qoN bwhr
r aus ny AwpxI
A zmInn auqy
gurduAwr
rw bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ ij`Qy bwh hroN Awaux vwly
v guris`K Arwm kr rdy qy lMgr Ckdy
sn[ BwweI qwrw isMsMG ij`Qy nwm
m bwxI dw ismrn
i krddw sI, auQy iek cMgw bhwdr
b jrnY
nl vI
sI[ bwbbw bMdw isNG
G bhwdr dy smyN keI jMgW
g ivc lV vI cu`kw sI[ [

auDr jdoN cODrI

D nUM pqw l`gw ik GoVIAW
V s. bGy
Gyl isMG ny k`FIAW hn qW aus ny bGyl
isMG dw pqw
p lwieAw Aw[ s. bGyl isMG, Bwe
eI qwrw isMG dy fyry ivc
c sI[ cODrI
r Awpxy kuJ bMdy
lY ky fyry
ry ivc Aw viVAw[
v hMkwr dy vs hoieAw auh aUl-jlUl bkx l`gw[ is`KI Swn Sw dy
ivru`D vII BYVy bcn khy
k [ BweI qwrw isMG jI
j dy rokx qy vI jdoN nhIN
n ruikAw qy isMGW ny cO
cDrI
nUM lMmw pw
p ky cMgw cwhtw CkwiieAw[ cODrI
D gu`sy ivc c BirAw pIqw
p p`tI d
dy POjdwr kol jw
ipitAw[
 14

p`tI dw POjdwr jw&r byg sI[ aus ny 200 Asvwr nwl lY ky BweI qwrw isMG dy fyry
cVHweI kr id`qI[ s. bGyl isMG 'jMgl pwxI' leI svyry svyry bwhr inkilAw sI[ A`goN
jw&r byg dI POj nwl swmHxw ho igAw[

s. bGyl isMG ny g`j ky ikhw, Tihro pwjIE! ikDr jw rhy ho[ pihlW POjW nwl do-h`Q
krdy jwau, isMG ny au`cI Awvwz ivc boly so inhwl dw jYkwrw gjwieAw qy bMdUk nwl Pwier
krny ArMB id`qy[ A`goN vYrI ny vI golIAW dI buCwV nwl jvwb id`qw[ golIAW dI Awvwz sux
ky fyry ivcly isMG vI s. bGyl isMG dI mdd vwsqy phuMc gey[ cMgI jm ky lVweI hoeI[
isMGW nwloN vYrI dI igxqI BwvyN kwPI sI pr iPr vI isMGW dI qlvwr A`gy auh itk nw sky[

ies muTByV ivc s. bGyl isMG jI ShId ho igAw[ dUjy pwsy POjdwr jw&r byg dy do
BqIjy qy ds ku ihMdU muslmwn mwry gey[ Pojdwr ny n`s ky AwpxI jwn bcweI[

jw&r byg ny lwhOr dy sUbydwr zkrIAw KW kol PirAwd kIqI[ zkrIAw KW A`gy hI
hryk isMG dw vYrI sI[ momn KW nUM hukm id`qw igAw ik POj lY ky qwrw isMG qy cVHweI kry Aqy
aus nUM ijaUNdw PV ky ilAwvy jW aus dw isr auqwr ku pyS kry[ momn Kw ny 2,000 dI POj lY
ky ausy vyly cVHweI kr id`qI[

BweI qwrw isMG jI nUM vI ieh Kbr iek isMG ny Aw ky d`sI[ isMG BwvyN igxqI dy pMjwh
ku sn, pr swry lVn leI iqAwr ho pey[ isMG iksy fr krky muAwPI mMgxw nhIN jwxdy qy nw
hI v`fy qoN v`fy dl qoN GbrwauNdy hn[

momn KW dy nwl rsqy ivc hor cODrI vI rl pey[ momn KW ny qVky-qVky Aw ky fyry qy
hmlw kr id`qw[ A`goN isMG pihlW hI morcw sWB ky bYTy hoey sn[ isMGW dIAW golIAW nwl
muhrlIAW POjW DrqI qy Fih peIAW[

Gmswx dI lVweI hoeI momn KW ny q`kI byg nUM ByijAw[ q`kI byg nUM A`gy v`Ddw vyK ky
BweI qwrw isMG ny AYsw inSwnw mwirAw ik q`kI byg dy mUMh ivcoN ^Un dy Puhwry Cu`t pey[ auh
CyqI nwl ipCy muiVAw[ A`goN momn KW ny q`kI byg nUM mKOl kIqw, 'Kwn jI pwn Kw rhy ho[ q`kI
byg ny jvwb id`qw, ' s. qwrw isMG A`gy pwn dy bIVy vMf irhw hY[ A`gy ho ky qusIN vI lY Awau[

iPr momn KW ny Awpxy BqIjy murId KW nUM ByijAw, jo qwrw isMG jI nwl is`Dy t`krnw
cwhuMdw sI[ pr rwh ivcly isMGw qoN ikvyN bc ky inkldw[ vYrI nUM Awpxy j`Qydwr v`l v`Ddw
vyK ky s. BIm isMG ny GoVw CyV ky swmHxy Aw tkirAw[ aus ny Syr vWg Bbk ky llkwirAw
'murId KW[ sMBl qyrw kwl Aw igAY[ BIm isMG ny pihlW do vwr krky murId KW dw mhwvq
mwirAw[ mhwvq nUM cIrdI hoeI qlvwr hwQI dy kMn nUM v`F geI qy v`fw dMd ivckwroN tu`t
igAw[ pIV dw mirAw hwQI ipCWh nUM au`T n`Tw[ BIm isMG bVw PurqIlw juAwn sI[ auh
hwQI dI pUCl PV ky ayqy cVH igAw[ Aqy qlvwr nwl murId KW dw isr jw v`iFAw[ hux
momn KW ny swrI POj nUM isMGW qy cwVH id`qw[ qlvwrW c`lx l`gIAW[ isMG bhwdrI nwl lVy[
s. qwrw isMG jI keIAW nUM mOq dy Gwt auqwr ky ShIdI pRwpq kr gey[ ieh Gtnw sMn 1726
eI. dI hY[
 15

8.. BweII boqw isMG grjw

jw isMG

lwhOr dy gvrnr zkrIAw

z KW ny is`KW dww Kurw
Koj imt twaux dw Pslw
PY kIqw[ aus ny AYlwn
kr id`qwq ik is`KW nUM mwrn vwilAW
v nUM ienwm
ie
id`qy jwx
xgy[ gSqI qI POjW hr pwsy
p C`f id` d`qIAW
geIAW[ [ is`KW d dy isrW dy ienwm
i r`Ky gey[
ipMf-ipM
pMf iv`c FMforw
r iptw id`qw
q igAw ik koeI
isMG izM
zdw
d nw rihx x id`qw jwey[

zwlm muslm
z mwn qy JolI cu`k ihMdU isM
sMGW nUM
ies le eI mukwauxw cwhuMdy sn qW ik auh lokW
auqy zulm
l kr sk kx, lokW dw d DMn mwl l Koh
skx, lokW dy LVky ky lVkIAW vy vc skx[ is`K
bhwdr sn[ auh zwlmW
z nUM AYsy
s zulm nhIIN sn
krn id dMdy[ ies leI ieh zwlm, is`KW K nUM
Awpxy rsqy
r ivc rkwvt
ru smJd dy sn[ is`s`KW qy
hr pwis
saN A`iqAwc cwr v`D jwwx kwrx is
s`K AwpxI qwkq nUM j`QybMd krn leI rwjpU pUqwnw
phwVIAWW Aqy jMglW ivc dUr in
nkl gey[

iies auprMq zkrIAw KW K ny AYlwn krvw id`qw ik is`K Kq qm kr id`qy gwey hn, qW jo
bcy hoey gu
gris`KW AMdr
d inrwSqww pYdw kIqI jw sky[ pr p is`K inr
rwS hox vwly ly nhIN sn[ auh
zkrIAW KW dy AYlwn n nUM glq swbq krn vwsqy do-do dy j`iQAW 'c AMimRqsr s swihb drSn d
ieSnwn krn jWdy sn[ s ies qrHW Asl ivc iek qW q Awpxy j`iQAW vwsqy qy sI. AweI. fI.
krdy, dUjwj lokW nUM sbU
s q idMdy ik
k is`K Kqmm nhIN hoey[ AYsy iKAwl
l nUM m`uK r`K ky do isMG BweI
boqw isMG grjw isMG rwjpUqwny n qoN AMimRqsr
s swihb dy drSnW leIl c`l pey ey[ isMG rwqr nUM
jMglW byilAW
i AMdr rihMdy[

ie
ek Swm nUM jdoN ieh dovy
vN isMG qrn
nqwrn swih
hb dy nyVy jMgl ivcoN inkl
in ky sP
Pr dI
iqAwrI ivc
i sn ik
k do muslmwn n pTwx auDro
D N lMGy[ JwVIAW
J ipCy
C kuJ prCwv vW vyK ky anH
au W ny
ies pRkwr
w Awps iv
vc g`lbwq kIqI[
k

ie
ek muslmwn
n :- "ieh JwVIAW
J ipCy
C is`K Bwsdy hn["

dU swQI :- "nhIN, is`

djw s`K iCpx vwwly nhIN huMdy, swmHxy Aw ky mukwblw krky ShId
d huMdy
hn[

p
pihlw :- "p
pihrwvy Aqy fIl-folH qoN qW is`K hII id`sdy hn["
 16

djw :- " sUbw lwhO

dU hOr ny FMfo
forw iptvwiieAw hY ik isK sB mwr
m id`qy gey
ey hn
Aqy hux pMjwb ivc ko
keI is`K nh
hIN bicAw[ c`l zrw dyKIey kOx hn
n['

p
pihlw :- "jy
jy is`K hoey qW
q bcxw muSkl
S ho jwvygw,
g C`f prW AsIN kI lxw
lY hY["

ieh g`lW krky muslmwn l qW frr ky cly geyey pr aunHW dIAW

d Awps ivc hoeIAAW g`lW dohW isMGW
BweI boqw q isMG, Bwe eI grjw isMsMG ny sux leIAW[
l aunHW PYslw kIqw
k ik iehh pRcwr ik is`K
Kqm kIqy qy jw cu`ky hn
n, bMd krv vwauxw cwhIddw hY[ dohW ny slwh kr rky qrnqwrrn swihb d dy pws
SwhI sV Vk auqy 'nUr dIn dI sr rW' dI cuMgI au`qy hmlw krky kbzww kr ilAw[ ies sV Vk qoN
lMGx vwl ly hr g`fy pwso
p N iek Awnw
A qy Koqy pwsoN iek pYsw tYks (cu
( MgI ) lYxw
xw SurU kr id`
idqw[
lMGx vwiilAW nUM kih ihMdy jwx ik ieQy Kwlsy dw rwj ho igAw hY[ Jo JlI cu`k qy gSqI POj frdI
f
hoeI aDr r nhIN sI Awau
A NdI[ keI k idn ievy vyN hI lMG gey
g [ iPr iek i muswPr
r dy h`Q lwhO
hOr dy
sUby nUM ic`
c`TI ilKI:

icTI sunhoN KwnU koqw[ Awnw g`fw pYsw Kqw[

ic` Ko

ie jwgq lyq isMG boqw[ h`Q mih rwKq

ieh q sotw motw[

is
sMGW dI ieh
h ic`TI pVH kyk zkrIAw KW Gbrw ig gAw[ aus ny do sO isp pwhIAW nUM BijAw
By
ik isMGW nUM pkV kyk ilAwau[ POj nUM Awau A NdI vyK ky BweI boqw isMG qy grjw isM sMG ny
llkwirA Aw[ BweI grjw
g isMG ny
n ikhw ik jy bhwdr ho qW iek`ly-iek`
- ly nwl lV lvo[ isMGW
ny ieMj Cy pTwx mwrr su`ty[ iP Pr do-do pT
Twx iek-iekk isMG nwll lVy[ ies s qrHW 20 pTwx
p
hor mwry gey[ hwr ky bwkI swwrI POj ny h`lw bol id`qw[
q isMG hor keIAW n nUM Kqm krkyk AMq
ShId ho gey[ isMGWG dI ShIdII ny d`s id`qw
q ik zkrIIAw KW JUT boldw sI ik isMG Kqm m kr
id`qy gey hn[ isMG kdI Kqm kIqy k nhIN kIIqy jw skdy[

9. ShIId Bwe
eI su`Kw
K isMG mqH
qwb isM
sMG jI
nwdr Swh dy hml ly qoN mgroN lwhOr dy nvwb
n zkrIA Aw KW
ny is`KW dw Krw-Ko
Ku j imt twaux dw pRx kr ilAww[ swry sr rkwrI
A
APsrW qy cODrIAW
D nUM sKKq hukm cwwVHy gey ik ij`
i Qy vI koeI is`K
l`By, aus nUM QW
Q qy hI mwr
m id`qw jwwvy jW PV ky k lwhOr pucwE[
c
is`
s`K dI igRPqwrI
q krwaux leI sUh dyx vwly nUM, is`K nUM mwr
G`qx vwly nUM Aqy is`K nUM ijaUNidAWW PV ky sr rkwr hvwly krn
vwwilAW nUM qrrqIb vwr ds,
d pMjwh qy
q A`sI rupeye dyx dw AYlwn
kIIqw igAw[

CIny dy cODrI krmymy, qlvMfI dy rwmy rMDwvy

vy qy nOSihry
r Fwly
dy swihb rweyey sMDU ny hzw
zwrW by-gunwh
h is`KW Aqy aunHW dy pir
rvwrW
nUM mwirAw[ aunHW ny is`KWK dy isrW dy g`fy Br ky lwhOr Byjy Aqy
muZl
Z hwkmW dIAW KuSIA AW qy ienwm m pRwpq kIqyqy[ jMifAwl ly dw
hiirBgq inrM rMjnIAW, Dr rm dws topI
pI joD ngrI rIAW Aqy nOSihry
S
 17

pnUMAW qy mjITy dy cODrI vI ies kMm ivc vD-cVH ky ih`sw lYNdy sn[

pr swirAW cODrIAW ivc sB qoN izAwdw sKq qy srgrm mMifAwlI dw cODrI, m`sw
rMGV sI[ hkUmq ny drbwr swihb AMimRqsr aupr kbzw kr ilAw Aqy m`sy rMGV

dy hvwly kr id`qw[ aunHW ny pirkrmw ivc GoVy bMnHy Aqy drbwr swihb nUM aus ny nwc-Gr bxw
ilAw[ auh auQy pMlG Fwh ky hukw qy Srwb pIAw kry Aqy kMjrIAW dw mujrw lvwieAw kry[
cwry pwsy pihrw l`igAw hoieAw sI[ ibnW AwigAw koeI AMdr nhIN sI jw skdw[

ies A`q drjy dI sKqI dy kwrx isMG bIkwnyr Awid ryqly ielwikAW ivc jw itky
sn[ Aijhy is`KW dw iek j`Qw jYpur rihMdw sI[ aunHW nUM is`KW dy jsUs s. bulwkw isMG ny
drbwr swihb dI byAdbI dI Kbr jw d`sI[

BweI mqHwb isMG bVw dlyr qy jvwn sUrmw sI[ ieh Kbr sux ky aus nUM roh cVH igAw[
aus ny ikhw, ' cMgw mYN jWdw hW Aqy ies qlvwr nwl m`sy dw isr k`t ky ilAwauNdw hW[' BweI
su`Kw isMG mwVI kMbo vI BweI mqHwb isMG dy nwl iqAwr ho pey[ AMimRqsr dy nyVy phuMc ky aunHW
ny do borIAW TIkrIAW dIAW Br ky kwTIAW aupr r`K leIAW Aqy Bys vtw ilAw[ ieauN jwpdw
sI ik muslmwn nMbrdwr mwmlw (tYks) qwrn jw rhy hn[

Agsq sMn 1740 ivc auh AMimRqsr phuMcy qy rvW-rvIN drbwr swihb jw pu`jy[ Awpxy
GoVy aunHW ny drSnI ifauFIEN bwhr lwcI byrI nwl bMnH id`qy qy iek-iek borI lY ky drbwr
swihb dy AMdr jw vVy[ A`gy m`sw rMGV nSy ivc gu`t hoieAw hu`kw pI irhw sI[ kMjrIAW dw
mujrw l`igAw hoieAw sI[ ieh JwkI vyK ky isMG sUrbIrW dw lhU aubwly Kw au`iTAw[ BweI su`Kw
isMG jI qW drbwr swihb dy drvwzy pws pihry qy KVy ho gey[ BweI mqHwb isMG jI ny borI hyTW
su`t id`qI qy ikhw mwmlw hwzr hY[ jdoN m`sy ny plMG hyTW Juk ky vyiKAw qW srdwr mqHwb isMG
jI ibjlI vWg kVkdy m`sy aupr jw pey Aqy qlvwr dy ieko vwr nwl aus dw gwtw lwh id`qw[
m`sy dy sB swQI Gwbr ky ieDr-auDr n`s au`Ty qy hor ijhVy vI AVy aunHW nUM JwV id`qw[ sB dy
sMBlx qoN pihlW dovyN sUrbIr m`sy dw isr lY ky GoiVAW qy cVH ky hvw ho gey[

m`sy dI mOq dw hwl sux ky lwhOr dw sUbw, zkrIAw KW, lohw-lwKw ho igAw[ aus ny
AMimRqsr dy auDwly dy prginAW dy cODrIAW nUM s`d ky ikhw ik m`sy dy kwql nUM PV ky pyS kro[
hrBgq inrMjnIey ny muKbrI kIqI ik ieh kwrw BweI mqHwb isMG mIrW kotIey qy BweI su`Kw isMG
ny kIqw hY[ sUby dy hukm nwl nUrdIn POjdwr ny mIrW kot audwly Gyrw pwieAw[ BweI mqHwb
isMG qW auQy hY hI nhIN sn, pr aus dw in`kw ijhw pu`qr rwie isMG ipMf hI sI[ BweI mqHwb
isMG ny ipMfoN jwx smyN Awpxy ies p`uqr dI bWh ipMf dy pYNc n`Qy Kihry nUM PVweI sI[

nUrdIn ny n`Qy nUM ikhw ik lVkw myry hvwly kro[ n`Qw nhIN sI cwhuMdw ik ijs mwsUm dI
bWh aus nUM PVweI geI sI aus b`cy nUM auh ienHW ksweIAW dy hvwly kr dyvy[ auh iqMn cwr
AwdmI nwl lY ky qy rwie nUM mOFy qy c`uk ky ipCly pwisauN dI ipMfoN inkl quirAw[ nUrdIn dy
bMidAW nUM pqw l`g igAw[ aunHW ny ipCw kIqw qy QoVI dUr jw GyirAw[ lVweI hoeI n`Qw qy aus
dy swQI b`cy dI r`iKAw krdy mwry gey[ rwie isMG vI sKq P`tV ho igAw[ aus nUM mr igAw
smJ ky POjI cly gey[ auh iek iesqrI dI nzry pY igAw[ auh aus nUM Awpxy Gr lY geI[
syvw tihl krn qy rwie isMG rwzI ho igAw[
 18

sMn 1745 ivc BweI mqHwb isMG jI Awpxy bwl-b`cy nUM imlx vwsqy ipMf Awey[
iksy ny cuglI jw lweI[ BweI swihb PVy gey qy lwhOr ilAWdy gey[ auQy aunHW nUM crKVI qy
cwiVHAw igAw Aqy Aish qsIhy dy ky ShId kIqw igAw[ kuJ smyN ipCoN BweI su`Kw isMG jI vI
PVy gey Aqy bVI by-rihmI nwl ShId kIqy gey[

is`K AwpxI jwn qW vwr skdw hY pr gurDwmW dI by-AdbI nhIN shwr skdw[ AMimRq
dI SkqI mnu`K nUM infr qy bhwdr bxw idMdI hY[ gurduAwirAW dI mirAwdw, p`ivqrqw qy
gurmiq Answr r`Kx leI jy swnUM ShIdIAW vI dyxIAW pYx qW ieh sOdw koeI mihMgw nhIN hY[

ikDr jw irhW ey isMGW zrw hoS kr[

q`k ieiqhws Awpxw qy kuJ sMkoc kr[

crKVIAW qy cVHy qy KoprIAW luhw gey[

Drm dw vwsqw eI, nw izMdgI dw rol kr[

su`Kw isMG mqHwb isMG kI qYnUM Xwd nhIN[

imldw nhIN ey mOkw iPr, vyly dw gOr kr[

q`k swihbzwdy kMDW ivc rwzI ny rzw leI,

C`f by-muKI qUM Drm nwl, AYvyN nw mKOl kr[

nlUey vwlI qyrI AxK ikDr hY clI geI[

sMBwl AwpxI jvwnI nUM, AYnw nw mDol kr[

 19

10
0. Bwe
eI qwrU
rU isMG

zkrIAw KWK is`KW qy bVwb zulm krdw k

sI[ ieh lwhOr dw gvrnr r sI[ is`KW K nUM
Kqm krnk dw ies
s ny PYslw kIqw
k hoieAww sI[
is`KW nUM cux-cux ky Kqm kIIqw jw irhww sI[
is`KW dy isrW dy m`
muu`l r`Ky gey sn[ ieh h ies
leI kIqw
k jw irhhw sI ik is` isK iksy zulm
l nUM
nhIN sns shwrdy[ is`K zkr rIAw KW dy zulm
nUM rokdy sn[is`KW dy huMidAW zkrIAw
z KWW lokW
qy zulm Aqy AinA AW nhIN sI kr skdw[

is`K aunHW idnW ivc jMglW ivc c cly

gey sn n[ auh auQyQy j`QybMd ho ky iqAwrI krdy
sn[ jdoN vI mOkw bxdw auh hkUmq nwl
t`kr lYNdy[ keI isMG aunHW dI d lMgr pwx xI dI
syvw krn
k leI jMglW ivc jWdyj sn[ BweI
qwrU is
sMG jI vI anH
au W isMGW ivccoN iek sn[

BweI jI ipMf pUhly (AMimRqsr r) dy

vsnIk k sn[ KyqIbwVI
qI dw kMm vI krdy sn[
Awey gey
g guris`K dy rihx dw pRbMD krdy k [
lMgr iq
qAwr krky jMglW ivc isMGW nUM iBjvwau
iB Ndy[ aunHW idnW ivc is`KW nUM PVwaux leI
ienwm r`Ky gey hoey sn[ienwm
s dy

lwlc ivvc iksy doKI ny BweI qwr rU isMG jI dI

d iSkwieq kr id`qI[ BweI swihb b nUM igRPqwr
r kr
ilAw iggAw[ BweI swihb jI nUM ikhw igA Aw ik auh is s`KI C`f dyx[
x pr is`K nUM is`KI AwpxI
A
jwn nwlo
loN vI ipAwrrI huMdI sI[ ies leI BweI swihb b jI ny swPP ienkwr kr k id`qw[ BweI
swihb jI nUM bVy lwllc id`qy geyey, bVy frwvy
vy id`qy gey[ pr auh iksy qoN nhI hIN fry[ koeIe vI
lwlc aunHnW nUM Awpxy
xy AwdrS qN qo nw fyg siikAw[ Bwe eI swihb jI nUM kys kq ql krn dII szw
suxweI geI[
g pr gurU
rU dy is`K leI
le kys Awp pxI jwn nwlo loN v`D ipAwwry huMdy hn[ is`K jwn qW dy
skdw hY pr kysW dII byAdbI nhINn shwr skdw[
s kysW nwl hI qWW pqw l`gdww hY ik koeI is`K
hY[ kys is`
i K dI pih hcwx hn[ is`K, kysW nUM gurU dI mohr h smJdw hY[ so is`K kysW dI byAdbI A
ikvyN shwwr skdw hY[
 20

BweI swihb ny swP kih id`qw ik auh kysW dI byAdbI nhIN hox dyxgy[ zwlmW ny
rMbIAW nwl BweI swihb dI KOprI auqwr id`qI[ BweI qwrU isMG jI ShId ho gey pr aunHW
AwpxI jwn qoN ipAwry kysW nUM AWc nhIN Awaux id`qI[ auh cwhuMdy qW kys ktvw ky AwpxI jwn
bcw skdy sn[ pr gurU dw is`K BweI qwrU isMG kysW suAwsW sMg is`KI inBw ky swfy leI pUrny
pw gey[

ieh Gtnw 1 julweI sMn 1745 eI. dI hY[ BweI qwrU isMG jI nUM hor keI isMGW nwl
lwhOr dy nwKws cONk ivc ShId kr id`qw igAw[ pwiksqwn bxn qoN pihlW ienHW dy XwdgwrI
sQwn ShId gMj (lwhOr) ivKy BwrI dIvwn sijAw krdw sI[ jy AsIN gurU jI dy ipAwry is`K
bxnw hY qW swnUM vI kysW nwl ausy qrHW ipAwr krnw hovygw ijs qrHW dw ipAwr BweI qwrU isMG
jI nUM sI[

is`K leI auhdy kys, jwn qoN ipAwry huMdy hn[ is`K jwn dy skdw hY pr kysW dI
byAdbI nhIN shwr skdw[ kys is`K dI pihcwx hn[ jy kys hI nhIN qW is`K hI nhIN[ is`K
vDIAw iKfwrI hY, izAwdw sUJvwn hY, cMgw nIqIvyqw hY, sB qoN bhwdr hY, dUijAW dI m`dd
krdw hY[ BIVw smyN swry ies kol m`dd lYx AwauNdy hn[ ieh sB qW hI pqw l`gdw hY
ikauNik aus dI Skl bwkIAW nwloN v`KrI hY[ aus dy kol sohxy kys hn[ jy is`K vI dUijAW
dI qrHW kyshIx huMdw qW aus dIAW isPqW dw iksy nUM pqw nhIN l`gxw sI[ so AsIN iksy vI
kImq qy kys nhIN ktvwauxy[ gurU jI dy s`cy-su`cy is`K bxnw hY[

A`j ijhVy b`cy dwhVIAW jW isr dy kys ktvw rhy hn, aunHW nUM bweI qwrU isMG dI ShIdI
qoN koeI sbk is`Kxw cwhIdw hY[ Bu`l ky vI kysW dI byAdbI nhIN krnI cwhIdI[ swnUM Awpxy
Aws-pws iDAwn r`Kxw cwhIdw hY ik jykr koeI b`cw kurwhy pY igAw hovy qW aus nUM ipAwr nwl
smJw ky kysW dI mh`qqw d`sI jwvy[ ies nwl swnUM gurU jI dIAW KuSIAW imlxgIAW[

gl ivc qMdI pw ky lYxw pYNdw hY JUtw,

mnUM hwr igAw CWg-CWg is`KI dw bUtw[

l`gdIAW rhIAW dUx svweIAW AwKr nUM PlIAW,

eys jgq qoN dUr suxINdIAW Kwlsy dIAW glIAW[

ivc nIhW dy k`ut h`fW dw cUnw jwxIdw,

krnw pYNdw auqy lypn mINJ dI GwxI dw[

mihl auswrny pYNdy dy dy sIs dIAW blIAW,

eys jgq qoN dUr suxIdIAW Kwlsy dIAW glIAW[

 21

1 Sh
11. hId s.
s subg
by isMG Swh
hbwz isMG

s. subyg isMG jI ipM

i f jMbr izlH
iz w lwhOr dy vsnIk sn[ auh cMgy rsUK vwly izmINd dr qy
srkwrI Ajwrydwr sn[
s auh PwrsI
P dy cMgy
gy ivdvwn sn[
s lwhOr dw sUbw zk krIAw KW aunH
nW dI
ie`zq krrdw sI[ aunHW ny aus dy keI kMm svwry
s sn Aqy
A keI mOikAWk qy aus dI kdrXog syvw
shwieqw kIqI sI[ aunHW ivcoN iek
ie Kws kQ Qn Xog hY, jo ies pRkwr
r hY:-

sMn 1733 ivvc zkrIAww KW ny id`lI lI dy bwdSwh

h nUM iliKA
Aw ik is`KW au
apr v`D qoN v`D
sKqI kr rky vyK leII hY, pr vs
s ivc nhI AwauNdy, ie eh mukdy vI nhIN Aqy Awpxy
A kwirA
AW qoN
rukdy qy htdy vI nhhIN[ myrI qjvIz
q hY ik
k ienHW nwl nrmI (irAAwieq) vwlww slUk krky ky vyK
leIey[ ies iKAwl l nwl aunHW nUM jwgIr id`
idqI jwvy Aqy
A aunHW dy j`
jQydwr nUM iK
Kqwb id`qw jwvy
j [
bwdSwh nyn ieh slwhh mMn leI[

zkrIAW KW ny s. subyg isMG nUM Awp

z pxw vkIl bxwb ky ByijA
Aw qW jo Kwwlsy nwl g`lbwq
l
qy smJOqw
q kIqw jwvy
v[ auh Kwl lsy pws pu`jy jo aus vyly Akwl qKq
q swihb auqy
qy juiVAw hieAw
ho
sI[ BwweI subyg is
sMG nUM jd aunHW ny pih
hly qnKwh (szw) lgwweI, ikauNikk auh srkwwr nUM
 22

imlvrqn dy rhy sn, iPr aunHW ny srkwr vloN nvwbI idAwlpur, kMgnpur dy Jbwl qy
prginAW dI jwgIr, ijs dI AWmdn iek l`K rupey swlwnw sI Aqy kImqI iKlq (puSwk)
Kwlsy A`gy pyS kIqI[ Kwlsy vloN j`Qydwr dIvwn drbwrw isMG nUM ikhw, ‘swnUM siqgurW dw vr
hY ik Kwlsw rwj krygw’[ AsIN Awpxw rwj ij`qWgy[ iksy dI id`qI hoeI nvwbI ikauN leIey?
pr s. subyg isMG jI dy kihx-khwaux Aqy zor dyx auqy pRvwn krnI mMn leI[pihlW dIvwn
drbwrw isMG jI nUM jo isr k`F j`Qydwr sI, nvwbI lYx leI ikhw igAw[ aunHW nWh kr id`qI[
keIAW hornW nUM ikhw igAw, pr koeI nvwbI qy l`K rupey dI jwgIr lYxI nw mMny[ AKIr ivc
s. subyg isMG jI ny ikhw ‘ Kwlsw jI! ieh iksy syvwdwr nUM bKS idau, moVy nw’[ aus vyly s.
kpUr isMG PYzlpurIAw sMgqW nUM p`Kw J`l irhw sI[ auh Kwlsy dy qbyilAW dI il`d hUMJx dI
Aqy GoiVAW dI dwxy-pwxI p`Ty-dby dI syvw krdw huMdw sI[ nvwbI qy jwgIr aus nUM id`qI geI[
aus ny ikhw,’jIA qW myrw vI nhIN krdw, pr jy Kwlsw bKiSS krdw hY qW hwzr hW[ pr
pihlW ies snd qy iKlq nUM pMj isMGW dy crnW nUM lw ky id`qI jwvy[

s .subyg isMG dw iek p`uqr sI, ijs dw nW Swhbwz isMG sI[ auh bVw sohxw juAwn qy
hoxhwr g`BrU sI[ auh iek mdr`sy ivc kwzI pwsoN PwrsI piVHAw krdw sI[

kwzI ny aus dI smJ ilAwkq qy fIl fol vyK ky aus nUM muslmwn bxwauxw cwihAw[ lVky ny
nWh kr id`qI[ kwzI ny lwhOr iSkwieq kr ByjI ik Swhbwz isMG ny dIn ieslwm dI inrwdrI
kIqI hY qy hzrq swihb dy ivru`D nwzwiez l&z khy hn[ ies JUTy doS dy ADwr qy Swhbwz
isMG nUM igRPqwr krky lwhOr hwzr kIqw igAw[

pu`q dy nwl hI ipau (s. subyg isMG jI) nUM vI igRPqwr kIqw igAw[ mzHbI pwglpuxy dI
A`g ny zkrIAw KW ipCoN aus dw pu`qr XhIAw KW jo gvrnr bixAw, ny subyg isMG dI ipClI
syvw shwieqw Bulw id`qI[ aunHW ivru`D doS ieh GiVAw igAw ik ieh srkwr dy vYrI hn[

s. subyg isMG nUM ikhw ik muslmwn ho jwE, nhIN qW mwry jwEgy[ aunHW ny Drm C`fxoN
nWh kr id`qI[ kuJ ku inktvrqIAW ny s. subyg isMG jI nUM ikhw, hor nhIN qW Awpxy b`cy nUM
bcw ky kul dw inSwn qW kwiem r`K lE qW BweI swihb ny ft ky jvwb id`qw :-

isKn rwj su gurU hmwry, sIs dIE inj sx pRvwry[

hm kwrn gur kulih gvweI, hm kul rwKYN kvx bfweI[

Bwv gurU goibMd isMG mhwrwj jI ny Kwlsw pMQ ijaUNdw r`Kx ihq Awpxw swrw pirvwr kurbwn
kr id`qw qy mYN AwpxI kul dw inSwn bcwaux leI pu`qr nUM Drm iqAwgx leI khW, ies ivc
kI vifAweI hY? s. subyg isMG jI dy mUMhoN kOrw auqr sux ky aunHW nUM crKVI qy cwVH ky ShId
krn dw hukm suxw idqw igAw[ aunHW nUM crKVI auqy cwiVHAw igAw Aqy crKVI nUM gyiVAw
igAw[ AMqW dw du`K hoieAw, pr subyg isMG ny isdk nw hirAw[ ‘crKVI cwVH iPr bhuq
GumwieAw[ vwihgurU iqnw nwhI BulwieAw’[ iPr aunHW dy pu`qr s. Swhbwz isMG nUM aunHW dy
rUbrU crKVI auqy cwiVHAw igAw[ dovyN crKVIAW cldIAW geIAW gurU dy is`K kSt J`ldy qy
‘Akwl Akwl’ kihMdy rhy[ kuJ icr mgroN crKVIAW Kilhwr ky aunHW pwsoN pu`iCAw jWdw sI
ik, kI qusIN ieslwm kbUl krn nUM iqAwr ho? auh dovyN ft ky ‘nhIN’ kihMdy rhy[ cOKw icr
ieauN huMdw irhw[ crKVIAW audwly iqKIAW CurIAW l`gIAW hoeIAW sn[ auh igVdIAW geIAW,
 23

‘Akwl Akwl’ dIIAW AwvwzWW sihjy-sih ihjy bMd ho geIAW[ dovyN ipau-pu`qr
q ShId ho gey
s qrHW auh swihb
Aqy ies s klgID
Dr ipqw dII god ivc jw
j ibrwjy[ ieh swkw sM
sn 1745 eI.
eI dw
hY[

12. mIr mnU

m M dy vyly
l-mwsUm b`cy qy isMGxIAW
x dI Shwd
dq
11 ApRYl 17788 eI. ivc mIr
m
mMnU pMjwb
w dw gvvrnr bixA Aw[
auh muZl SihnSwh dy vzIr kmmr-
au-dIn dw
d pu`qr sI[

SrU-SurU ivc
Su c lKpq rwier
aus dw dIvwn
d sI prr jdoN mIr mMnU
nUM pqw l`
ligAw ik auh AMdr KwqyK
Aihmd Swh Abdwl lI nwl g`Tjo
T V
kr irhww hY qW aus ny lKpq rwie
r
nUM htw ky aus dI jgH
j w kOVw m`l nUM
dIvwn mkrr
mu kr il
lAw[ kOVw m`l
sihjDwr rI is`K sI

qy auh AMAdr Kwqy isMGW dI m`dd

kirAw krdw
k sI[ au as dy dIvwnn bxn qy isM
isGW ny Coty G`
GlUGwry dy kwql
k dIvwn
n lKpq rwiie dI
mMg kIqII[ s. rqn n isMG BMgU dw
d kihxw hY ik aus ny lKpq
l rwie nUM isMGW dy hvwly kr id`
idqw[
lKpq rwie
r nUM kuMBI nrk dI sz zw id`qI ge
eI[ iek bMd kmry ivc c lKpq rwwie bMd kr id`qw
qy bMnH ky ivckwr ib bTw id`qw[ aus dy isr r aupr C`q ivcoN mOrI krky
k hr isM
sMG nUM hukm id`qw
ik auh jMgl-pwxI aus C`q qy kry k [ ieauN ivStw
i ivc rl ky lKp pq rwie moieAwe jo kihMdw
d sI
is`KW dw Kurw-Koj im mtw dyvWgw[ isMGW ny lKpiq
l rwie
e nUM aus dy krmW
k dw Pl l dy ky pwr
r bulw
id`qw[ ijqnI
i dyr q`
qk dIvwn kOVw m`l izMdwd irhw auqnI
q dyr q`k is`K muZlW dI kropI qoN bcy
rhy[ jd doN iek jnUMnI muslmwn n ny dIvwn kOVw m`l nUM golI dw in nSwnw bxw ky mwr id`qw, w qW
mIr mMnU vloN is`KW qy A`iqAwcwwr dw dOr SurU ho igAw[ aus mwJy J Aqy phwVI VI ielwikAWW ivc
POjI dsqyqy Byjy ik auh is`KW dww iSkwr kr rky ilAwaux[x pkVy gey
g isMGW le eI ieko hI Srq
hoieAw krdI
k sI ‘iieslwm jW mOq’? smk kwlI ieiqh hwskwr mMndy hn ik PVy P gey isMG hr
pRkwr dy qsIhy brd dwSq krky mOq kbUl krn nUM qr rzIh idMdy sn,
s pr aunHnW ivcoN koeI
e vI
Aijhw nhIN
n sI ijs ny Awpxw Drm D iqAwgg ky ieslwm m kbUl kIqww hovy[ aunHW idnW ivc is`KI
siprt qy cVHdI kl lw dI JwkI swnU
s M ienHW lweInW
l ivcoN iml jWdI hY ik jo is`K Akwl purK r dw
Sukr kr rdy h`s-h`s ky k gwieAw krdy
k sn:-

m M swfI dwqrI,
mnU d AsI
sIN mnUM dy soey]

ij N ijauN swnU
ijau s M v`Fdww, AsIN dUxy
x-cUxy hoey
e y]
 24

is`KW dy isrW dy ienwm, gSqI POjW dI mwr-DwV, ieh inq krm sI[ muslmwn
qwrIKW ivc iliKAw igAw hY, ik mnUM ihMdUAW dy syr jMJU roz auqwirAw krdw sI qy aunHW nUM
muslmwn bxwaNdw sI pr is`KW A`gy aus dI dwl nhIN sI gldI[

jd mMnU ny dyiKAw ik isMGW dw mYdwn ivc twkrw krnw eynw sOKw nhIN, ijMnw smiJAw
sI, qW aus nUM kwierW vwlI hrkq suJI ik ijs bwZ nUM qbwh krnw hovy aus dI pnIrI nUM Kqm
kr idau[ so ies dy nwieb momn KW ny pMjwb dy keI ih`isAW ivc mwsUm b`cy qy isMGxIAW
igRPqwr krky lwhOr nUM rvwnw kr id`qIAW[

jyT dy idn, kihrW dI grmI, lwhOr Sihr ivc lok AwpxIAW hvylIAW ivc bYTy qVp
rhy sn[ Aijhw hI jyT dw mhInw sI jd iek qMg ijhy bMdIKwny ivc kuJ DrmIN qy AxKI
isMGxIAW bMd sn[ iek pwsy qW qrHW-qrHW dy sbz bwg ivKwey jw rhy sn qy dUjy pwsy isdk
prKx vwsqy keI qrHW dy qsIhy idqy jWdy[ roz iek ipAwlw pwxI qy svw CtWk Awtw qy ivc
A`Dw nmk iek kYdx nUM imldw sI[ ies dy bdly svw mx dwxy h`QIN pIsx vwsqy mzdUrI
krnI pYNdI sI[ jo nw pIh skdI, aus dI CwqI qy svw mx pky p`Qr dw golw r`iKAw jWdw qy
cwbkW dI mwr kIqI jWdI[ godIAW ivc Bu`Ky bwl ivlkdy, jd mW dw hI pyt nw Bry, bwl vwsqy
CwqIAW ivc AMimRq ikQoN Awvy? pr SwbwS hY mwqw swihb kOr dIAW lwflIAW isMGxIAW dI
ijnHW ny Bwxw mMinAw Aqy muKoN sI nw aucrI qy Drm auqy kwiem rhIAW[ keI idnW dy ipCoN
kichrI qoN s`dw AwieAw qy sUby ny aunHW nUM prKxw cwihAw[ ieiqhwskwr ilKdy hn ik
kichrI ivc snmuK huMidAW hI aunHW isMGxIAW ny g`j ky Pqih bulweI qy sux ky sUby mIr mnUM dy
kRoD dI sImw nw rhI[ auh zulm dI cmkdI qlvwr DUh ky grijAw “mOq swmHxy Ajy qk nhIN
koeI itikAw[ qusIN jwxdIAW nhIN ik ies vwr ieslwm nUM nw kbUlx dw kI is`tw hovygw?
AwKdy hn A`goN isMGxIAW ny ft ky jvwb id`qw[

‘swnUM roz nw ipAw Akw sUby, swnUM

nhIN kbUl ieslwm qyrw[

BwvyN jwn qoN mwr mukw sUby’ iPr vI

nhIN kbUl ieslwm qyrw[

isMGxIAW dI llkwr sux ky byv`s mMnU BVk

auiTAw qy aus zwlm ny ienHW vIr isMGxIAW dy
prKx leI hukm id`qw ik ienHW dy b`icAW nUM hor
qsIhy id`qy jwx[ b`s Pyr kI sI ik zwlmW ny mwvW
dIAW godIAW ivcoN bwl Koh ley qy aunHW nUM gyNd dI
qrHW aupr auCwl ky hyTW nyzw kr dyxw[ Aqy nyzy
smyq isMGxIAW dIAW JolIAW ‘c b`icAW dy toty pw
dyxy[ pr Bwxy nUM im`Tw krky mMnx vwlIAW
isMGxIAW Awpxy isdk qy kwiem rhIAW qW sUby dy
klyjy ivc BWbV bl auTy, jo kuJ hoieAw klm ilK nhIN skdI[ bwlW dy klyjy k`F ky mwvW dy
mUMh ivc id`qy gey[ botIAW dy hwr pro ky mwvW dy gly ivc pwey gey[
 25

Swied ienswn hI nhIN swrI kwienwq hI roeI hovygI pr nw roeIAW qW ShId b`icAW
dIAW mwvW nw roeIAW[ ijhVI godI ivc ipAwr dy Pu`l iKV-iKV h`sdy sI aunHW godIAW ivc
lwflIAW loQW peIAW sn[

isdkvwn isdk ikQoN qk inBw jWdy hn[ DrmIN mwvW nw folHIAW, pr sUbw kMb
auiTAw[ sUby ny ikhw, ienHW nUM Bory ivc bMd kr idE Pyr ienswP krWgw eys vyly myrI qbIAq
TIk nhIN[ isMGW nUM ies zulm dw pqw l`gw qW auh pMjwb ivc iPr SwhI POjW nwl JVpW lYx
l`g pey[ isMGW dI Kbr pw ky mIr mMnU isMGW nwl lohw lYx leI aus ny milkpur fyry jw lwey
qy auQy hI GoVy dI rkwb ivc pYr Ps jwx kwrx burI qrHW mwirAw igAw[ ieDr mnUM dI loQ
rul rhI sI auDr isMGW ny kYdKwny iv`c mGorw k`f ky isMGxIAW nUM Awzwd krw ilAw qy aunHW nUM
Gro-Gr pucw id`qw[ ieh swkw sMn 1753 eI. ivc hoieAw[

ijs QW qy mIr mnUM vloN mwsUm b`cy qy isMGxIAW nUM ShId kIqw jWdw sI aus nUM mgroN
ShId gMj ikhw jwx l`g ipAw[ ieh AsQwn AjklH lwhOr (pwiksqwn) ivKy hY[ ies ShIdI
swky qoN A`j dIAW bIbIAW/BYxW nUM kuJ pRyrnw lYxI cwhIdI hY[ koeI vI AYsw kMm nhIN krnw
cwhIdw ijs dI AwigAw is`K Drm nw idMdw hovy[

13. BweI hwTU isMG jI dI ShIdI

jnvrI 1761 eI. ivc Aihmd Swh AbdwlI mrh`itAW nUM pwxIpq dy mYdwn ivc hrw ky
vwps prq irhw sI ik isMGW ny aus dIAW POjW dw ipCw kIqw qy gieMdvwl dw p`qx pwr
kridAW aus dw kwPI mwl Asbwb Koh ilAw[ AbdwlI Ajy is`KW dI SkqI qoN cMgI qrHW jwxUM
nhIN sn[ kwbl prqx qoN pihlW aus ny kuJ idn lwhOr itkx dw pRogwm bxwieAw[ ieQoN hI
aus ny kuJ gSqI POjW dy dsqy is`KW nUM kuclx leI Byjy, ijnHW ny aus dIAW jyqU POjW qy hmlw
krky aus dy vkwr nUM s`t mwrI sI[

isMG bVy inrBY huMdy hn[ auh igxqI imxqI dy c`kr ivc nhIN pYNdy[ bs aunHW nUM Awpxy gurU qy
Drm nwl ipAwr huMdw hY qy ies dI r`iKAw leI auh v`fI qoN v`fI kurbwnI krn vwsqy iqAwr
jo jWdy hn[

ienHW idnW ivc lwhOr dy nyVy ipMf kwhnw kwCw ivc do sUrbIr isMG rihMdy sn[ aunHW
ivcoN iek dw nW BweI hwTU qy dUsry dw nW BweI bwGV isMG sI[ jdoN aunHW nUM AbdwlI vloN
ByjIAW geIAW gSqI POjW dw pqw l`gw auh iqAwr br iqAwr ho ky GoiVAW qy suAwr ho ky
AbdwlI nUM soDx leI lwhOr v`l cl pey[ rwh ivc aunHW dI muTByV AbdwlI dy sYinkW nwl ho
geI, ijs ivc aunHW ny AbdwlI dy keI ispwhI mwr id`qy[ kuJ icr dI Awmo-swmHxI lVweI
mgroN ieh dovyN sUrbIr PVy gey[

ienHW nUM byVIAW pw ky lwhOr pucw id`qw igAw[ jdoN dohW bhwdrW nUM AbdwlI dy swmHxy
pyS kIqw igAw qW aunHW qoN pu`iCAw igAw ik qusIN lwhOr kI krn Aw rhy sI? dohW ny g`j ky
jvwb id`qw, AsIN qyrw isr v`F ky qYnUM sbk isKwauxw cwhuMdy sI ik swnUM qyrI qwkq jW POj dw
koeI fr nhIN[ aunHW dw infr auqr sux ky Aihmd Swh AbdwlI gu`sy ivc Aw igAw[ aus ny
dohW bhwdrW nUM hwQI dy pYrW Q`ly su`itAw qW aunHW ny AYsw zor dw jYkwrw gjwieAw ik hwQI vI
 26

sihm ky pry ho igAAw[ mhwvq

q dy vwr-v
vwr koiSS krn qy vII hwQI ny A`gy kdm vD
Dwaux
qoN ienk
kwr kr id`qw[
w

BweI hwTU isM

B sMG jI nUM Pyr Syr dy mukwbly leII ikhw igA Aw[ hwTU isMisG dw Syr nwl
mukwblw krwaux leI eI pUry Sihr
r ivc FMforw ipitAw ig gAw[ mukwb blw vyKx leI
l Sihr ie e`kTw
ho igAw[[ ipV ivc c hwTU isMG kMbl qy sotwt lY ky KVVw kIqw igA Aw[ dUjy bMinauN Bu`Ky Syr nUM
ipMzry iv
vcoN C`ifAw igAw[
i BweeI hwTU isMG ny Syr dy mUMh auqy kMbl pw ky soty mwr-mwr ky Syr
mwr id`qw[
q BweI hwTU
h isMG ny iek`
i ly soty nwl
n Syr nUM mwr-mwr
m ky mwr id`qw[
k [ AbdwlI bhuq
pRBwivq hoieAw[ pr p slwhkwwrW qy mulwix ixAW ny ikhhw, ‘Aijhy Kqrnwk bMidAW nUM KuilH i AW
iPrn dII AwigAw dyxIx Awpxy leI
l Kqrw hovy vygw[

hx Aihmd Swh
hu S Abdwl lI ny do hwQIIAW dy pYrW nwl r`sy bMnH
nHvwey qy aunW
nH r`isAW nUM BweI
hwTU isMG dy h`QW qy pYrW nwl bMnH
n id`qw igA
Aw[ jlwdWW ny aunHW hwQ QIAW nUM do v`
vKrIAW-v`KrIAW
K
idSwvW v`
vl toirAw, Aijhw kr rn nwl BweI eI hwTU isMG jI dw srIIr PIqy-PIqy qy ho igAw qy auh
sUrbIr bhwdrW
b vWg
g ShId ho igAw[
ig BweII bwGV isMG nUM vI qsIIhy dy dy ky mwr
m id`qw iggAw[
BweI hwTU
TU isMG jI dI ShIdI swhhs Aqy Ax xK dI iek Adu
A `qI imswl l hY

14. ShId
d BweI
eI gurbKS
b isMG jI
j
1761 eI. iv vc Aihmd Swh Abdwl lI ny mrh`itAW
it nUM
pwxIpq dy mYdwn qy qkVI hwr r dy ky ieh smJ ilAw sI ik
hux swrww ihMdosqwn ijvy
i N aus dy kdmW ivc Aw igAw hY[ pr
pqw nhIIN is`K iks im`tI dy bxy
b hoey sn ik aus vlo loN kIqI
geI hr sKqI, zulm l qy qS`dd
d dy bwvjUd vI aus dI d eIn
mMnx leeI iqAwr nhIN
nh hn[ aus ny lwhOr dy sUbydwrW nUM ieh
hukm dy r`iKAw sI ik ijvyN vI hovy ienHW dw Kurw-KoKj mukw
id`qw jwvy
vy[ pr is`K idn-b-ididn kOVI vyl vWg vDdy jw rhy
sn[ jdoj Aihmd Swh AbdwwlI Awpxw hmlw boldw d ieh
is`K Awp
pxy pirvwr, qy b`icAW nU
nM lY ky jMglW
l qy vIrwn QwvW

ivc cly jWdy pr aus dy vwps prqidAW

p hI ieh muV pM
pjwb dy
mYdwnW iv
vc Aw ky m`lW mwrnIAAW SurU kr id
dMdy qy APg
gwn Aqy
muZl sUby
bydwrW nUM hrw
h ky Awpo-AwpxIAW
- srdwrIAW kwiem
kr lYNdy[

1764 eI. ivciv Aihmd d Swh Abd dwlI nUM pqww l`gw ik is`
i K bhuq v`
vfI igxqI ivc
AMimRqsr r iek`Ty ho rhy
r hn[ auh iek qk kVI sYnw lY ky kwbl qN
qo cilAw qy mwro-mwr krdwk
lwhOr Aww pu`jw[ aus dy Awaux dId Kbr sux ky is`K Awwp-Awpxy pirvwrW
p Aqy in`ky v`fy j`iQAW
nUM lY ky sur`iKAq QwvW
Q auqy cly
ly gey[ Aihmd
A Swh AbdwlI ie es vwr 30 hzwr POj lY ky
AwieAw sI[ aunHW idnWi ivc Akwl
A qKq swihb
s dy drrbwr swihb dI syvw iek
k inhMg isMG kr
irhw sI[ [ ienHW dw nwm gurbK KS isMG sI[
[ ienHW dy j`
jQy ivc 300 sUrbIr sn
n[ ienHW dy v`fy
 27

vfyry izlHw lwhOr ipMf sIl dy rihx vwly sn[ Awp nwm bwxI dy rsIey qy SWq suBwA vwly
sn[ Awp dw swrw smW drbwr swihb dI syvw Aqy Bjn bMdgI ivc bIqdw sI[ Awp dy j`Qy
dy isMG hr hukm nUM sdw mMnx leI iqAwr rihMdy sn[

BweI gurbKS isMG jI Akwl qKq swihb dI syvw ivc hwzr sn Aqy aus smyN Aihmd
Swh AbdwlI 30 hzwr POj lY ky Acncyq AMimRqsr Aw ipAw[ BweI swihb ny duSmx dI POj
dI BwrI igxqI dI prvwh kIqy bgYr Awpxy 30 ku isMGW nwl hI mukwblw krn leI qKq
swihb qy morcy g`f id`qy[ AbdwlI ny qW soicAw sI ik aus dy BwrI lSkr swmHxy koeI idKweI
nhIN dyvwgw pr aus dI hYrwnI dI koeI h`d nw rhI[jdoN aus ny dyiKAw ik 30 ku isMG aus dI
30 hzwr dI POj swmHxy f`t ky Kloqy hn[

Aihmd Swh AbdwlI dIAW POjW drbwr swihb phuMcIAW hI sn ik inhMg isMG dy j`Qy
dy isMG aunHW qy bwzW vWg t`ut ky pY gey qy plo=plI sYNkVy iglijAW nUM mOq dy Gwt auqwr
id`qw[ iek-iek sO-sO qy BwrU hoieAw ipAw sI[ pr 30 ku isMG 30 hzwr POj A`gy ikqnI dyr
q`k itk skdy sn[ hzwrW iglijAW nUM mukwaux mgroN s. gurbKs isMG Awpxy j`Qy smyq
ShIdI dw jwm pI ky Kwlsw pMQ dy gurDwmW dI piv`qrqw kwiem r`Kx leI kurbwn ho gey[ s.
gurbKS isMG dI ShIdI dw izkr muslmwn ieiqhwskwr kwzI nUr muhMmd ny vI Awpxy jMg-
nwmy ivc kIqw hY[

15. bwbw dIp isMG jI

bwbw dIp isMG jI
ShId ipMf phUivMf, izlHw
lwhOr dy jMmpl sn[ Awp
bVy aucy lMmy, blvwn qy
dlyr sUrbIr sn[ Awp dw
jnm 27 jnvrI 1682 eI.
nUM hoieAw[ bwbw bMdw isMG
bhwdr dy nwl ho ky Awp ny
bhuq swry jMg ij`qy[ auh
ShIdW dI imsl dy muKI
isMGW ivcoN sn[ ij`Qy Awp
sUrbIr qy inrBY joDy sn,
auQy Awp Awpxy smyN dy sB
qoN aucy is`K ivdvwnW ivcoN
sn[ Awp dmdmw swihb
swbo kI qlvMfI ivKy
ivdvwnW dI tkswl dy muKI sn[ ies QW qy Awp gurU jI dI AwigAw Anuswr gurmiq dw
pRcwr krdy rhy, gurbwxI Awp ilKdy, horW qoN ilKvwauNdy, gurbwxI dw pwT AiBAws, ArQ
 28

boD Awid krvwauNdy[ SSqr iv`idAw vI isKwauNdy[ pRcwrk iqAwr krky v`K-v`K ipMfW
ivc Byjdy Aqy Awp vI pRcwr leI keI QwvW qy jWdy[

sMn 1757 eI. dy lgBg Aihmd Swh AbdwlI dy hukm nwl Sihr AMimRqsr nUM lu`itAw
igAw[ drbwr swihb nUM qopW nwl FwihAw igAw Aqy srovr nUM im`tI nwl

pUirAw igAw[

drbwr swihb dI ies byAdbI dI Kbr dmdmy swihb pu`j geI[ ies Kbr nUM suxidAW
hI bwbw jI dy mn ivc qIr ijhw v`ijAw[ Awp ny ausy vyly AMimRqsr phuMc ky ies byAdbI nUM
dUr krn dw PYslw kr ilAw[ Awp ny Ardwsw soiDAw qy qur pey[ 500 isMGW dw j`Qw aunHW
nwl iqAwr hoieAw[ rwh ivc bhuq swry isMG Awp dy nwl rldy gey[ qrnqwrn qweIN
phuMcx qIk aunHW dy nwl 5000 hzwr isMGW dw j`Qw bx igAw[ jMg dI iqAwrI smyN bwbw jI
dI aumr 75 swl dI sI[ ieqnI ibrD AvsQw ivc svw mx p`ky lohy dy AsqrW nwl lYs,
kmrk`sw kr, 18 syr p`ky lohy dw h`Q KMfw PV mYdwny jMg ivc jUJy[ ieh KMfw Akwl qKq
swihb Ajy vI ipAw hY[ dunIAW dy ieiqhws ivc ieqny bzurg jrnYl dI hor koeI imswl nhIN
imldI[

auDroN lwhOr dy sUby nUM vI Kbr l`g geI ik is`K ivswKI dy mOky qy AMimRqsr iek`Ty ho rhy
hn[ hwjI AqweIN KW gSqI POj lY ky is`KW dw Kurw-Koj imtwaux leI c`kr lw irhw sI[ aus
nUM hukm hoieAw ik AMimRqsr phuMc ky is`Kw nUM dbwE[ auDroN sUby ny lwhOr ivc Fol vjvw ky
jhwd dw AYlwn kIqw Aqy swirAW momnW nUM inqrn leI vMgwirAw[

lwhOr dw POjdwr, jhwn KW do hzwr svwr lY ky AMimRqsr v`l viDAw[ dohW dlW dw
gohlvV lwgy twkrw hoieAw[ isMGW ny AijhI sUrbIrqw ivKweI ik SwhI POj ivc BwjV pY
geI[ pr eyny icr nUM hwjI AqweIN Kw vI POj qy qopW lY ky phuMc igAw[ iPr bVy Gmwswx dI
lVweI hoeI[ is`K sihjy-sihjy lVdy AgWh v`Ddy gey[ jdoN AMimRqsr dy bwhr rwmsr dI
jUh nyVy phuMcy qW bwbw dIp isMG nUM DOx qy qlvwr dw mwrU P`t l`gw[ auh if`gx hI l`gy sn ik
pwsoN iek isMG ny ikhw, ' bwbw jI qusW Ardwsw qW soiDAw sI ik drbwr swihb phuMc ky ShId
hovWgy pr Awp aury hI Pqih gjw c`ly ho[ " bwbw jI ny sIs nUM K`by h`Q nwl TilHAw Aqy s`jy
h`Q nwl KMfw vwhuMdy qy vYrIAW dy AwhU lwhuMdy hoey drbwr swihb dI pirkrmw ivc jw pu`jy[ auQy
phuMc ky Awp jI ShId ho gey[ ieh Gtnw sMn 1757 meI dI hY[
 29

16
6. Ak
kwlI bwbw
b PUlw is
sMG jI
is`K rwj dy do QMm, inSk kwm, kurbwn nI dy
puMj, rihx
xI-bihxI d dy auqy su`cy gu
gris`K, in nD`Vk
sUrbIr, prmp iqAwwgI, bwbw PUlw isMG jI
AkwlI, dwd jnm sMn 1761 eI. ivc BweI eISr e
isMG jI dy Gr ipMf SINh iel lwkw bWgr ivc
hoieAw[ auah Ajy in`kyky ijhy bwlk k hI sn ik k aunHW
dy ipqw v`fy-G`lUGwry ivc zKmINN ho gey[ zKm
rwzI nw hoey qW gurprIpu isDwrn n qoN pihlW BweI
swihb ny Awpxy
A spu`qr dI bWh bwbwb nYxW isMG jI
dy h`Q PVwweI qy ikhw myry ipCoN iees b`cy nUM pMQ dw
b`cw smJ ky pMQk syvw leI pwlxw p qy iqqAwr
krnw[ bwbbw PUlw isMG jI ny CotI t aumr ivc c hI
swrI gurbwxI
b kMT krk leI Aqy A aus smy myN dy
pRcilq jMgI
g gux vI pRwpq kr ley l [ qyg vwhuv x,
qIr cwlauaux, GoV svwrI
s krn Aqy hor Aijhy A
krq`vW ivvc aunHW hYrwn
r krn vwwlI Xogqw pR pwpq
kr leI sI[
s ShIdW dI imsl dy bwbw nYxW isMG
jI nwl imli ky smymyN dI loV mUjb pMQ leI
AijhIAW GwlW
G

GwlIAW ik bwbw nYxW

x isMG jI dy
d clwxy qoN bwAd Awp
p nUM srb-s
sMmqI nwl imsl
i dw j`Qy
Qydwr
QwipAw igAw[
i

sMn 1802 eI.

s e ivc mh hwrwjw rxjIIq isMG jI ny AMimRqsr r nUM Awpxy rwj ivc SwmlS
krn dw PYslw kIq qw[ ieh Sihr S qudoN BM
BgI imsl dy srdwrW dy kbzy ivc iv sI[ aunH nW ny
mhwrwjw nwl twkr rw krn dI iqAwrI kr r leI[ ien nIN idnIN bwwbw PUlw jI Awpxy j`Qy nwl
AMimRqsr r sn[ jd d Awp jI nUM pqw l`gw ik i Kwlsy iv vc lVweI iCVn
iC vwlI hY ijs ivc is`KW
dy h`QoN is`
isKw dw lhU h fu`lHygw, qWW Awp dw pMQk ipAwr nwl BrpUr ihrdw bhu huq duKI hoieAw[
e
Awp ny ivci pY ky dohW iDrW nUM smJwieAw Aqy aunHW dw d smJOqw krvw
k id`qw[ ieh isA Awxp
BirAw PYslw krwaux krky mhwwrwjw swihb b dw Awp nwwl ies qrHW dw gUVHw ip pAwr pY igA Aw ik
auh hryk zrUrI g`l ivc Awp jI j dI slwh h lYNdy rhy[ Awp dw swrw
s jIvn jMgW-Xu`DW ivvc hI
guzirAw[ is`K rwj j dI auswrII dy swry jMg ksUr, At tk, mulqwn n, kSmIr, hzwrw, ipS Swvr
Awid dIIAW swrIAWW lVweIAW ivc Awpxy xy-Awpxy j`Qy
Q smyq Swwml huMdy qy bIrqw qy jOhr
ivKwauNdy rhy[
 30

Awp Awcrn dy Aijhy aucy qy su`cy, Drm mirAwdw ivc Aijhy p`ky qy inrBY sn
ik is`KI rihq bwry Awp dy hukmW nUM mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG vI 'jI' kih ky pRvwn krdy sn[
Awp is`KI dw pwlx qkVy qy infr ho ky krvwauNdy sn[ auh ies msly ivc iksy dw vI ilhwz
nhIN sn krdy[ ieQoN q`k ik is`KI rihq qoN ault hoeI g`l vyK ky Awp ny mhwrwjw rxjIq
isMG nUM vI szw dyxoN Prk nw kIqw[

ijhw ik A`gy d`isAw igAw hY, AkwlI jI dy jIvn dw bhuqw ih`sw jMgW ivc guzirAw[
Awp dy jIvn dw sB qoN mhwn qy AwKrI kwrnwmw sMn 1832 dI nOSihry dI srh`dI lVweI sI[
ieh lVweI Awp ny Dwrmk AsUlW dI pwlxw krdy hoey EVk dI bhwdrI nwl lVI qy ies ivc
ij`q pRwpq krdy hoey ShId ho gey[

jd mulqwn, kSmIr qy AtkoN pwr dw ielwkw Kwlsw rwj ivc Swml kr ilAw igAw,
qW APgwinsqwn dy bwdSwh nUM Awpxw iPkr pY igAw[ aus ny is`K rwj dy cVHy AwauNdy hVH dw
twkrw krn qy aus nUM T`lHx leI swrw zor lw dyx dw PYslw kr ilAw[ 50 hzwr qoN vDyry
lSkr lY ky auh nOSihry dy KulHy mYdwn ivc Kwlsy nwl jMg krn leI Aw igAw[

auDroN mhwrwjy dIAW POjW vI pu`j geIAW[ mhwrwjw swihb Aqy AkwlI PUlw isMG Awpxy
dl smyq ies POj dy nwl sn[ 13 mwrc dI rwq nUM mwhrwjw swihb ny Awpxy srdwrW nwl
ivcwr krky Agly idn Dwvw bolx dw PYslw kIqw[ Agly idn AMimRq vyly gurU gRMQ swihb jI
dI hzUrI ivc cVHweI dw Ardwsw soiDAw igAw[ jd POjW jMg dy mYdwn v`l qurn l`gIAW,
sUhIey ny Kbr Aw id`qI ik rwqIN 40 qopW smyq cOKI POj vYrI dI shwieqw leI pu`j geI hY[
ieh g`l sux ky mhwrwjw swihb dw iKAwl hoieAw ik dupihr qIk swfIAW v`fIAW qopW phuMcx
vwlIAW hn, ies leI dupihr qIk lVweI rok leI jwvy[

jd bwbw PUlw isMG jI nUM mhwrwjy dI ies dlIl dw pqw l`gw, qW Awp ny ikhw, 'AsIN
gurU dy hzUr Ardwsw soD cu`ky hW hux ies qoN iPrnw TIk nhIN[ AsIN qW cVHweI krWgy qy
lVWgy[ ij`q klgIAW vwly ipqw dy h`Q hY[ Ardwsw soD ky ipCWh muVnw Kwlsy dw Drm
nhIN"[

g`l kI, bwbw jI Awpxy j`Qy nUM lY ky jMg dy mYdwn ivc k`ud pey[ QoVy icr ivc hI vYrI
dy C`ky Cu`t gey[ AkwlI jI qy aunHW dy dl nUM ies qrHW bhwdrI nwl lVidAW vyK ky mhwrwjy ny
Kwlsw POj nUM lVn dw hukm id`qw[ swrI POj bhwdrI nwl lVI[ bwbw PUlw isMG dy srIr nUM
keI golIAW l`gIAW[ pr Awp sB qoN A`gy ho ky lVdy rhy[ vYrI mYdwn C`f ky n`s igAw[
pr nwl hI iek golI AkwlI jI nUM AijhI l`gI ik Awp jI ShId ho gey[ mhwrwjw nUM ies
inD``Vk XoDy dI ShIdI qy bhuq hI du`K hoieAw[

ies lVweI ivc n`s gey pTwxW ivcoN iek dw nW mu`lw rSId sI, jo bVw bhwdr sI[
jd ies koloN pu`iCAw igAw ik mulW jI isMGW nwl hux zhwd kd krogy qW mulW aunHW nUM auqr
id`qw ik mYN isMGW nwl swmHxy ho ky lVn dw ierwdw hmySw leI C`f id`qw hY[ hW jykr mYnUM ieMnw
lMmw nyzw bxw idau ik mYN srh`d dIAW cotIAW qy KVw ho ky mwJy qk dy isMGW dw inSwnw bxw
skW qW mYN Awpxw ieh PYslw bdl skdw hW[ pr mYdwn ivc swmHxy ho ky lVn dw hONslw myry
ivc iblkul nhIN hY[ iPr Awpxy pYrW nUM h`Q lw ky cuMimAw qy kihx l`gw ienHW pYrW sdkw hI
 31

mYM nOSihry
ry dy mYdwn ivcoN n`s k
ky bicAw, nhIN
n qW Awwpxy hzwrW BrwvW dI qrHW mYdwny
n jMg
ivc hI kuqirAw jWd dw[

17.. hrI isMG nlUAw

A

s. hrI isMG nlUAw sMswr r dy sB qoN v`fy jrnYl hoey

hn
n[ iek vwr v Awp mhwrwjw
m rxxjIq isMG nwl
iSk
Skwr Kyfx jw j rhy sn, iek i Syr iekkdm ienHW qy Aw
Jp
pitAw! s. hrI isMG iblkul nww Gbrwey[ Syr
ie
eqnI qyzI nwln ienHW pr
pu JpitAw ik auh ikr rpwn
vI nhIN sn k`F sky[ ie enHW ny pUrI qwkq
q nwl Syr dy
mUMh dy dohW jbwiVAW
jb nUM do
dhW h`QW nwwl hI pwV id`qw
Aqyqy Syr nUM cIr
c id`qw[ Syr qVP Pn l`g ipA Aw qy
qVVP-qVP ky ies ny pRwx dy id`qy, mhwrwjw
m ieh
h sB
nz
zwrw nyiVaN vyK rhy sn[ s aunHW s. hrI isM sMG nUM
CwqqI nwl lw ilAw[ A` Agy qoN ienH nW nUM swry nlU
n Aw
srrdwr kihx l`g pey[ nlUey dy ArQ A hn Syr nUM
mwrrn vwlw[ s. hrI isM isG nlUAw is`K POj dy v`fy
jrrnYl bx gey ey[

Bwrq ivcoN pih hlW pTwx, Dn-mwl hIry

jvvwhrwq Aqy lVky-lVk kIAW nUM lu`t ky lY jWdy sn[
lVVky-lVkIAWW nUM tky-tky
ky qoN vycdy sn[ swry ry lok
pTTwxW qoN frdy
dy sn[ hrII isMG nlUAwA jI ny pTwwxW dy
dyS qy hm mly krky anH
au W qy ij`qW pRwpq kIqIAAW[ aunHW ny pTwxW dy zulmW qy rk
ro lweI[ kwbl
k
Aqy ipSwwvr qy Kwlsy sy dw inSwn JUlx l`g ipAw[
i nlUAw
A jI dy nW qoN hI pTwxx frn l`g pey[
pTwx AOrqW Awpxy b`icAW nUM suAwaux le eI kihMdIAWW sn ik 'cu
cu`p CW b`cw,, hrIAw rWWgly[
'Bwv b`icAw
c cu`p ho sON jw, hrII isMG Aw irhY
i [ hrI isMG nlUAw jI ny AOKIAW-AOI KIAW jMgW
ivc ij`q pRwpq kIqIqI[ hr sKq q lVweI ivc c aunW ny ih`
h`sw ilAw[ isrP jrnY nl hI nhIN, Awp
cMgy pRbMDk
D qy ieMjnIAr
nI vI snn[ hrI pur ngr Awp p ny vswieAAw, ijs iv vc nwlIAW rwhIN
swP pwxIxI dw kmwl dw pRbMD sI[

hrI isMG nlU

h lUAw jI nUM bR
bhmx Aqy fogirAW n ny mrvw id`qw[
q fogry bVy
b cwlbwz z Aqy
DoKybwz sn[
s auh jwxdy
j sn ik nlUAw jII dy huMdy Kwl
lsw rwj Kqqm nhIN ho skdw[ AMdroN-
AMdr ieeh AMgryzW nwl imly hoey sn[ jmrO
j d dI lVweI l ivc fogirAW ny DoKy nwl nlU
n Aw
 32

srdwr jI 'qy golI

l clvw id`
idqI ienHW dI ShIdI nwl mhwrwwjw rxjIq isMG jI n
nUM bVw
D`kw l`gw[
w

18. swkw
s n
nnkwx
xw swiihb
20 Pr rvrI 192 21 ivc swkw
nnkkwxw swihb b hoieAw[ sRI nn nkwxw
swih
ihb siqgur nwnk swih hb jI dw pR pkwS
sQwwn hY[ sMn 1921 ivc c mhMq nr rwiex
dws
s dw kbzw sI, ijs nUM AMgryzW dII Sih
sI[ auh bhu
huq durwcrII sI[ au ny
as
gurdu
dAwry AMdr guMfy pwly hoey sn, jo Srwb
S
pINdy
dy qy ivBcwwr krdy sn[ s is`K ies
gurdu
dAwry nUM pMQk-ihqW ivc ilA Awauxw
cwhu
huMdy sn[ aunHW ny mhMq nUM ikhw ik k auh
pYnSn
S lY ky gurdu
r Awrw is`KW K dy h`Q iv vc dy
dyvy, pr auh nw
n mMinAw q qy aus ny is`KW
K dw
mukwblw
w krn dI
d Twx leI eI[ aus ny bhuq
swry
ry hiQAwr iek`
i Ty kr ley qy 400 0 guMfy
qnKwh qy r`K ley[

gurduAwry au`qy
qy pMQ dw kbbzw krwaux leI BweI lCmx l isMG jI 20 PrvvrI 1921 nM nUM 150
isMGW dw j`Qw lY ky nnkwxw
n swih
hb pu`jy[ grdu
gu Awry dy AMAdr jwx qoN pihlW swwirAW ny hiQ QAwr
nw cu`kx dw pRx ilA Aw[ aunHW swirAW
s ny AM
Adr jw ky m` mQw tyikAw qy Awsw dII vwr dw kIIrqn
SurU kr id`qw[ j`Qy Qy dy kuJ isM
sMGW ny gurdAwry
du dy gyt qy pihrw dyxw SurU kr
k id`qw qy bwkI
kIrqn ivc
i juV gey ey[ hwly kIIrqn krdy QoVI dyr hII hoeI sI ik k nrwiex dws
d dy guMifA AW ny
golIAW clwau
c xIAW Suru kr id`qIAW[
qI ijhVyVy isMG bwhrr sn auh ShId
S ho gey qy kuJ AMdr bYTy
isMG P~ttV ho gey[ iPr mhMq Aqy aus dy guMifAW ny isMGW nUM ql lvwrW, briiCAW nwl mwrnw
m
SurU kr id`qw[ QoVI VI dyr bwAdd aunHW ny P`tV
t Aqy ShI hIdW nUM iek`Tw
T kIqw qy aunHW dy 4-5
5 Fyr
bxw ky aunHW nUM qyl pw
p ky swV id`
d`qw[ zwlmW ny do isMGW nUM jMf nwl bMnH ky ijauNidAW
i swV id`
idqw[
auh jMf A`
Aj vI Xwd dgwr dy rUp ivc
i mOjUd hY[

gurduAwry AMdr jgHw-jg

g gHw kysW, kVy
Vy, kMiGAW dy Fyr l`g gey
g [ ies qrH
q W mhMq nny swry
isMG ShIId kr id`qy qy Awp B`j igAw[ jd ies swwky dI Kbr is`KW nUM im mlI qy gurdAwrw
du
Krw-sOdw qoN 80 isMGWG dw j`Qw s. krqwr isMG J~br r dI kmwn hyT nnkwxww swihb v`l qur
ipAw[ clx qoN piihlW aunHW ny Ardwsw so siDAw ik AsIN
A nnkwxxw swihb qy kbzw krrnw hY
BwvyN swnU
nUM vI ShId ikau
i N nw hoxw pvy[
 33

nnkwxw swih
n hb pu`jx q`k ies j`Qy ivc
iv kwPI isM
i G-isMGxIA AW Swml ho gey[ nn nkwxw
swihb qNqo do-mIl aurW
r hI J~br jI ny j`Qy nM
nUM rok ky ikh
hw jo ShId hox leI iqAAwr hn auh iek
pwsy ho jwx
j qy bwkI ieQy hI ruk jwx[ 2,2 200 isMG J~b ~br isMG dI srdwrI hyT nnkwxw swihb
s
v`l qur pey[ nnk kwxw swihb qoN QoVI hI dUr aunHW nUM AMgryz kiimSnr ny ikkhw ik qusINI ruk
jwE, A`gy g bMdUkW bIIVIAW hoeIA
AW hn, quhwnU
w M k`lH gurduAwry dI cwwbI dy id`qI jwvygI[ lyikn
J~br jII ny ikhw AsIN
A A`j hII cwbI lYxI hY[ jykr qusIN cwbI nhIN id`qI qW AsIN quhwfw
mukwblw krky kbzww lYxw hY[ isM i GW dw joS vyK ky AMgry
g z Gbrw gey qy aunHW s. krqwr isMG
J`br nUM cwbI dy id`qI[
q ies qrH
q W nnkwxww swihb dw pRbMD ShIdI dIAW dy ky pqvM
p iqAW d dy h`Qw
ivc Aw igAw[ ie es swky ny swrI dunIA AW nUM d`s idd`qw ik is`K kurbwnI dy skdy hn n Aqy
purwqn is`
i KW dIAW ShIdIAW
S koeI
e mno-klp pq khwxIA AW nhIN[ iees swky ny guduAwrw lihhr nUM
hor qyz kr
k id`qI[

19. morcw
c gMgsr
g jYqo

gMgsr
g dww ieiqh hwsk
gurdu
r Awrw jYqo mMfI dy nyVy Vy hY[
ijss smyN ieQyQy morcw l`gw
g sI
aus vyly ieh h nwBw irA Awsq
ivcc sI[ ij js dw rwj Bwg
it`kw
k irpdmn n isMG kol sI[
it`kw
k irpdmn n isMG is`KW ivc
hr
rmn ipAwr rw sI[ AMgryz
srrkwr ny ie ek cwl c`l ky
it`kw
k irpdmn n isMG nUM rwj
jg`dI
qoN lwh id`qw[ w AMgryzWz dy
iess D`ky ny is`
s`KW Aqy Bwr rq dy
hor rwjsI nyqwvW
q nUM vI it`kw
irppdmn isMG dw hmdrd d bxw
id`qw[
q

SRomxI kmytI ny smUh sMgqW

g nUM ikhw ik auh hr QW 9 sqMbr 1923 nUM ‘nwBw fy’ mnnwaux
qy jlUs k`Fx Aqy mhwrwjy nwwl hoeI byienswPI
e dUr krn leII Akwl purK r A`gy Ar rdwsW
krn[ 14 sqMbr nUM jdoN gMgsr g dy gurdu
r Awry AMdr
d AKMf pwwT c`l irh hw sI qy AMgryz
ispwhIA
AW ny dIvwn AMdr vV ky sMgqW Aqy qy pwT kr rhy
r isMGW nUM igRPqwr kr
k pwT KMfq kr
id`qw[ is`
i KW leI AKM
A f pwT dw d KMfq kIq qw jwxw is`KI
K Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb dI byAdbII sI[
ieh is`KW
K dy Dwrmk zzbwqW 'qy q iek v`fI s`
st sI[ is`K ies nUM shwr
sh nw sky

pMQ ny PYslw kIqw ik ieeQy 101 AKMf pwT kIqy jwxgy cwhy swnU
s M ikqnI vI kurbwnI ikauN
nw dyxI pvy[ 15 sq qMbr nUM 25 isMGW dw pihlw
p j`Qw Akwl qKq q qoN AKMf pwT krn vwsqy
v
 34

cilAw jo gMgsr pu`jx qy igRPqwr kr ilAw igAw[ ies qrHW roz sRI Akwl qKq qoN 25
isMGW dw j`Qw AKMf pwT krn leI gMgsr v`l qurdw qy igRPqwr ho jWdw[ ies qrHW 25 isMG
roz Byjx nwl koeI is`tw nw inkldw vyK 9 PrvrI nUM Akwl qKq qoN 500 isMGW dw iek
‘ShIdI j`Qw’ gMgsr cl ipAw[ clx qoN pihlW ienHW ny SWqmeI rihx dw pRx ilAw[ 21
PrvrI nUM Awpxy AwKrI pVwA ipMf brgVI (PrIdkot) qoN gMgsr v`l c`l ipAw[ it`bI swihb
qoN 150 gj aury hI iek AMgryz APsr ny j`Qy nUM rukx vwsqy ikhw pr j`Qw nw ruikAw[ j`Qy
dy nw rukx qy AMgryzW aus aupr iqMn pwisauN golIAW clwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ bhq swry
isMG-isMGxIAW P~tV qy ShId ho gey[ golIAW dI mwr j`Qy nUM nw rok skI qy AwKr j`Qw it`bI
swihb phuMc igAw[ jdoN bcIAW hoeIAW sMgqW it`bI swihb qoN gMgsr nUM qurIAW qW GoV svwr
ispwhIAW ny kuJ nUM ku`t-ku`t ky ShId kr id`qw qy jo P`tV bc gey aunHW nUM igRPqwr kr ilAw
igAw[ lgBg 500 isMG ShId qy P~tV ho gey[ ies drdnwk Gtnw ny isMGW dy joS nUM dUxw
kr id`qw qy hr is`K ieh gwauNdw iPrdw sI[

‘nwBy nUM zrUr jwvWgw BwvyN isr k`t jwvy myrw’

28 PrvrI nUM dUjw 500 isMGW dw j`Qw sRI Akwl qKq qoN gMgsr vwsqy cilAw Aqy 14
mwrc nUM gMgsr p`ujx qy ies nUM igRPqwr kr ilAw igAw[ kYdKwny ivc igRPqwr isMGW nUM bhuq
qsIhy id`qy gey lyikn aunHW dw joS TMfw nw hoieAw[ ies qrHW AMimRqsr vloN 16 hor j`Qy(9
PrvrI 1924 qoN lY ky ApRYl 1925 qIk) pMj-pMj sO isMGW dy j`Qy AMimRqsroN cl ky gMgsr jYqo
ivKy igRPqwrI idMdy rhy[ 27 ApRYl 1925 nUM isMGW dy j`Qy dy jYqo pu`jx qy aus nUM AKMf pwT krn
dI iezwzq iml geI[ ieauN 1 swl qy 10 mhIny dI lgwqwr AxQ`k GwlnwvW skdw is`KW ny
KMfq AKMf pwT nUM dubwrw SurU kr sky qy 101 pwT krn dw Awpxw pRx pUrw kr sky[ ies
morcy ivc ikqny hI isMG-isMGxIAW ShId hoey qy ikqny hI AMghIx ho ky sdw leI nkwrw ho
gey[ ieh morcw lw ky is`KW ny ieh d`s idqw ik Awpxy auqy iksy pRkwr dI pwbMdI nhIN sih
skdy qy ies vwsqy auh v`fI qoN v`fI kurbwnI dyx leI iqAwr hn[ is`K kdy vI Awpxy gurU dI
byAdbI brdwSq nhIN kr skdw[

gMgsr jYqo dy morcy qoN bwAd AMgryz srkwr nUM kMn ho gey ik auh is`KW nUM dubyl bxw ky
nhIN r`K skdy[ is`KW nUM Dwrmk AwzwdI Aqy gurduAwirAW dy pRbMD nUM is`KW h`Q dyx dy nwl hI
moricAW qoN Cutkwrw pw skdI hY[ so AMgryz srkwr ny is`KW dIAW id`qIAW Axigxq
kurbwnIAW qoN Xrk ky gurduAwrw kwnUMn bxwauxw mMinAw Aqy mhMqI pRbMD htw ky gurudAwrw
pRbMD is`KW dI cuxI hoeI kmytI, SRomxI kmytI dy suprd kr id`qw[

9 PrvrI 1924 nUM 500 isMGW dw jo ShIdI j`Qw bsMqI puSwky pihn ky sRI Akwl qKq
swihb qoN jYqoN quirAw sI, qy ijs SWqmeI j`Qy auqy 21 PrvrI 1925 nUM jYqoN ivKy puls ny
byhqwSw byrihmI nwl golI clweI sI, aus ShIdI j`Qy ny sRI Akwl qKq swihb ivKy Kwlsy pRqI
jo AMiqm drdnwk sMdyS id`qw sI, auh hyTW AMikq hY:-

suxo Kwlsw jI! swfy kUc fyry, AsIN AwKrI Pqih bulw c`ly[

pwau bI qy sWB ky Psl v`Fo, AsIN folH ky r`q ipAw c`ly[

 35

cobdwr dy vWg Awvwz dy ky, DONsy kUc dy AsIN vjw c`ly[

qusIN AwpxI Akl dw kMm krnw, AsIN AwpxI qoV inBw c`ly[

byVw zulm dw AMq nUM grk hosI, hMJU Kun dy AsIN vhw c`ly[

pMQ gurU dw Awp dSmyS rwKw, kMFy hUMJ ky kr sPw c`ly[

AMg, swk, kbIlVw, bwl b`cw, bWh qusW dy h`Q PVw c`ly[

ndI nwv sMjog dy hox myly, siq sRI Akwl gjw c`ly[

20. bhwdr b`cw ibSn isMG

iek Gtnw sMn

1872 dI hY[ bwbw rwm
isMG qy aunHW dy swQI
ihMdosqwn ivc AMgryzI
rwj dIAW jVHW pu`t ky
pMjwb ivc muV suMqqr
rwj sQwpq krn leI
lokW nUM j`QybMd kr rhy
sn[ auh iek pwsy
lokW nUM swdw jIvn
Apnwaux dI pRyrnw dy
rhy sn qy dUjy pwsy
AMgryz srkwr duAwrw
sQwpq kIqy gey skUl,
kichrIAW, SihrW ivc
lgwey gey nlky, AMgRyzI k`pVy Aqy hor vsqUAW dw bweIkwt krn dw pRcwr kr rhy sn[ Awp
cwhuMdy sn ik sihjy-sihjy lokW nUM ies rwh qy qor ky AMgryz srkwr nUM JukwieAw qy ihMdosqwn
C`f ky jwx leI mjbUr kIqw jw skdw hY[ mgroN jw ky mhwqmw gWDI jI ny vI bwbw rwm isMG
duAwrw clweI ‘bweIkwt’ qy ‘svdySI’ lihr nUM hI ApnwieAw[
 36

byS`k bwbw rwm isMG jI hOlI-hOlI is`KW nUM AMgryzI rwj ivru`D iqAwr krnw cwhuMdy
sn, pr aunHW dy kuJ syvk ijnHW dI sMiKAw 125 dy krIb sI auh mlOd dy iklHy qy jw pey qy
mlyrkotly dy kuJ muslmwn ksweI mwr su`ty[ auh ksweI AMgryzW nUM gaU dw mws splweI
kirAw krdy sn Aqy smyN-smyN isr aunHW dI shwieqw kirAw krdy sn[ ienHW is`KW nUM ieh
Aws sI ik Aijhw krn nwl pMjwb ivcoN AMgryzW dy Kwx-pIx dy vsIly bMd krky aunHW pRqI
ivroD dI Bwvnw pRgt kIqI jw skygI[

mlOd dy iklHy aupr hmly Aqy mlyr kotly dy muslmwn ksweIAW dI h`iqAw ny AMgryz
srkwr nUM cOks kr id`qw[ ies Gtnw dI Krb suxidAW hI luiDAwxy dw ifptI kimSnr
imstr kOvn iek POjI gwrf nUM lY ky mlyrkotly phuMc igAw qy bgwvq kr rhy is`KW nUM igRPqwr
kr ilAw[ ienHW igRPqwr hoey is`KW ivc do AOrqW qy iek b`cw vI sI[ ieh auh bhwdr b`cw
sI ijs dw nW ibSn isMG hY[

imstr kOvn ny igRPqwr kIqy hoey is`KW qy ibnW muk`dmw clwey aunHW nUM qopW nwl aufw
dyx dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw[ 17 jnvrI, 1872 eI. dI svyr nUM Ku`lHy mYdwn ivc nON qopW
ilAWdIAW geIAW[ qopW dy swmHxy bxy QVy qy is`KW nUM KVw krky bwrUd nwl PIqw-PIqw kIqw
jwx l`gw[ bhwdr b`cw ibSn isMG ieh sB kuJ dyK irhw sI[ imstr kOvn ny aus nUM ikhw
ik jy auh kih dyvy ik auh is`K nhIN qy nw AMgryzI rwj ivru`D iksy kwrvweI ivc ih`sw lvygw
qW aus nUM irhw kIqw jw skdw hY[

imstr kOvn dI ieh g`l sux ky ibSn isMG nUM gu`sw Aw igAw[ aus ny ikhw mYN quhwfy
kMn ivc iek g`l d`sxI cwhuMdw hW[ imstr kOvn ny soicAw Swied ieh bwbw rwm isMG bwry
koeI Byq-BrI g`l mYnUM d`sxw cwhuMdw hY, aus ny ibSn isMG nUM iezwzq dy id`qI ik auh kol Aw
ky AwpxI g`l kih sky[ bwlk ibSn isMG ny imstr kOvn dy nyVy jWidAW hI aus dI dwVHI
pkV leI qy ikhw, ‘AsIN AMgryzI rwj nUM Kqm krky hI swh lvWgy’[ imstr kOvn ny bVI
koiSS kIqI ik auh ibSn isMG dy h`QoN AwpxI dwVHI Cufw sky, pr bwlk ibSn dI pkV ieqnI
mjbUq sI ik imstr kOvn dI koeI koiSS sPl nw ho skI[ aus vyly AMgryz ispwhI bulwey
gey, ijnHW dy h`Q ivc nMgIAW qlvwrW sn[ aunHW ny Awpxy ifptI kimSnr imstr kOvn dI
dwVHI Cufwaux leI bwlk ibSn isMG auqy qlvwrW nwl vwr krny SurU kr id`qy qy plW ivc hI
aus dy srIr dy tu`kVy-tu`kVy ho ky zmIn qy if`g pey[ ieho ijhy pRqwpI bwlk dyS qy kOm leI
kurbwn ho jWdy hn qy sdw leI Awpxw nwm ieiqhws ivc Amr kr jWdy hn[

21. swrw gVHI dw swkw

is`K infr Aqy bhwdr ispwhI hn[ muSkl dy
smyN nw GbrWdy hn Aqy nw hI auh FihMdI klw
ivc jWdy hn[ auh rxBUmI ivc lVdy mr jWdy
hn pr rxBUmI ivcoN n`sdy nhIN[

swrw gVHI iek Aijhw swkw hY ijs qoN

pqw l`gdw hY ik is~K iks im`tI dy bxy hoey hn[
 37

auqr-p`CmI srh`dI sbysU ivc, lolh kwrt dy iklHy qoN fyF mIl dUr swrw gVH
VII hY[
ieh koeI iklHw nhINN, kyvl iekk POjI cONkI hY[ 12 sq
qMbr 1898 nUM is`KW ny ies dI AP
PrIdW
qoN ikvyN r`
riKAw kIqII, ies dI imswl
im nhIN imldI[
i

swrw gVHI ivc

s cly 36AW ivco
i N 21 isppwhI is`K snn[ aunHW nUM kdI jMg krn
k dw mOkw nhIN
sI imilA
Aw[ pr kuJ nUM ieh pqw
p sI ik jMg iks qrHW lVI jWdI hY[ ieQy 1 hzwr SSq qrb`D
pTwxW ny hmlw kr r id`qw[ iek
i qrHW nwl
n ieauN ieh
ie hux 21AW dw hzwwrW duSmxW nwl
mukwblw sI [ Swie ied Awp socdy
c hovogy is
s`K sUrmy frr gey hoxgy[ nhIN, au ah iblkul nhIN
fry[ pTTwxW ny vwr--vwr hmly kIqy pr auh nhIN hwry[

ie
eauN Cy GMty q`
qk bVI gih ihg`c lVweII huMdI rhI[ duSmxW n ny golwbwrI kIqI[
k keI is`KW
nUM zKmINN kIqw qy ke eIAW nUM mwr
r id`qw[ qWW vI aunHW ny duSmx A`gy
gy SSqr nh hIN su`ty Aqy iklHw
aunHW nUM nw
n sONipAw[ AwKr lohkwrt k dy iklH
lHy ivcly isp
pwhIAW nUM, swrw gVHI dy is`KW dI nwzu
n k
hwlq dww pqw l`gw[ aunHW ivco cN 100 ispwhhI aunHW dI shwieqw le eI qur pey[ pr swrww gVHI
phuMcx qoN pihlW hI duSmx ny aunHW nUM Bjw id`i qw[

ie
eauN swrw gVH
g I dy is`K AwpxI sHY-r`iKAw le eI Awp hI rih gey[ kwPI dyr q`k
APrIdI iklHy dy v`fy drvwzy rwwhIN AMdr dwKl
d nw ho sky
s [ hux aunHW ny AMdr Awaux dww iek
hor rsq
qw l`iBAw[ corI-corI aunHW ivcoN kuJ ny iklHy dI iek dIvwrr nUM qoV ky AMdr Gusxw
x SurU
kIqw[ jdoN isKW ny aunHW nUM iklH
i y dy AMdr
d vyiKAw qW q aunHW ny go
glIAW nwl l keIAW nUM mwr
mukwieAww[

kihMdy hn ik
k k iek is`K ispwhI ijhhVw zKmIN hoieAw
mMjI qy ipAw
i hoieA
Aw sI, aus ny iPr vI pTwxW nUM golIAW
mwrIAW[ cwhy auh Awp mOq dy mUMh ivc sI qW vI au as ny
duSmx dy cwr ispwhhI mwr id`qy Aqy keI zKmIN
z kr id`
d`qy[

AwKr kyvl iek is`K rih igAw,, ijhVw r`iKAw-

A i
sQwn dII pihrydwrII kr ihrw sI[ aus ny Awpxy mr
rn qoN
pihlW 20 APrIdIA AW nUM mwirAw
Aw[

ie
eauN 21 isMGW
G ny 200 duSmxW nUM mwr
m mukwieA Aw Aqy
hor keIA
AW nUM zKmINN kIqw[ iess pRkwr ikly
lHy dI r`iKAww krn
leI aunHW Awpxy Awp
p nUM kurbwn kr id`qw[

keI AMgryz ilKwrIAW ny swrw gVHI dy is`K isp

k pwhIAW
dI bVI SlwgW kIq qI hY[ aunH
nW ikhw ikk ieh kyvl is`K
ispwhI hI
h hn jo vYrIAW
r dI bhu
hu-igxqI nwwl lVn dI dlyrI
r`Kdy hn
n[ XUrp dy keI mulkW ivc skUlW dy b`icAw nUM ieh
swkw pVH
VwieAw jWdw hY[
 38

22. BweI BUpq isMG

BweI BUpq isMG jI bVy dlyr qy bhwdr XoDy sn[ auh is`K Drm dy AsUlW auqy pihrw
dyxw Awpxw pihlw Prz smJdy sn[ koeI fr jW KOP aunHW dy nyVy nhIN sI AwauNdw[ auh
gurbwxI dy rMg ivc hr smyN rMgy rihMdy sn[ gurU swihb jI dw AwdrSk jIvn hI aus leI
pRyrnw sRoq sI[ BweI mnI isMG jI ienHW dy cwcw jI sn[ sMn 1699 eI. dI ivswKI nUM ienHW ny
sRI AnMdpur swihb ivKy hI KMfy bwty dI pwhul pRwpq kIqI sI[

jdoN BweI mnI isMG jI nUM dSmyS ipqw ny sRI drbwr swihb dI syvw leI AMimRqsr
ByijAw qW Awp jI nUM vI Xog smJ ky AMimRqsr jwx dw hukm imilAw[

khw suDw sr ngrI jwvo,

hirmMdr kI syv kmwvo]

aus smyN dy hwlwq bVy Kqrnwk

sn[ is`K ivroDI lok gurU Gr nUM kYrI nzr
nwl vyKdy sn[ pr BweI BUpq isMG dI
dUr-AMdyS pwrKU nzr ny Biv`K dy

KqirAW nUM bVI CyqI nwl jwx ilAw ik

ienHW dw mukwblw ikvyN krnw hY?

BweI BUpq isMG ny AMimRqsr ivKy

dIvwlI mOky Kwlsw-pMQ dw iek`T krn leI
BweI mnI isMG dI slwh nwl srkwr nwl
g`lbwq krn leI ByijAw igAw[

kr mslq ieh bwq TihrweI

isMG BUpq ko Byjo BweI]

lwhOr drbwr ny dIvwlI dw mylw lgwaux dI AwigAw ies Srq 'qy id`qI ik myly ipCoN
is`K 10 hxwr rupey jmHW krvwauxgy[ ies sMDI qihq srkwr is`KW dy iek`Ty hox krky aunHW nUM
koeI nukswn nhIN phuMcwvygI[
 39

dIvwlI nyVy AwauNdI dyK ky lwhOr drbwr dI nIXq Krwb ho geI[ rwm qIrQ,
AMimRqsr ivKy POj dw iek dsqw Aw igAw[ isMGW nUM ies dI Kbr hr pwsy dy id`qI geI ik
drbwr swihb Awaux qy srkwr hmlw krky nukswn phuMcw skdI hY[ ies qrHW dIvwlI dw mylw
nw l`igAw Aqy nw hI koeI cVHq hoeI[

srkwr ny tYks Brn leI AwiKAw qW BweI mnI isMG ny ieh kih ky mnHW kr id`qw ik
jd srkwr ny isMGW nUM iek`Ty hI nhIN hox id`qw qW tYks iks g`l dw id`qw jwvy[ ies ipCoN
srkwrI ispwhIAW ny drbwr swihb ivcoN swry isMGW nUM igRPqwr krky lwhOr dI kichrI ivc
pyS kr id`qw[ BweI BUpq isMG ny kichrI ivc bVI infrqw nwl KrIAW-KrIAW g`lW hwkmW
nUM suxweIAW[

BUpq isMG kr AWKy GihrI, bolXo swhvyN bIc kichrI[

suxo Kwn, ieh rwj n rihsI, kot pwp kw iek idn FihsI[

pr ienHW swrIAW g`lW dw hwkmW auqy koeI Asr nw hoieAw[ aunHW ny swry isMGW nUM JUTy
PYsly krky mwr mukwaux dw pihlW hI mn bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ igRPqwr hoey isMGW nUM bhuq
iBAwnk qsIhy id`qy jwx l`gy[ AwKrkwr! kwzI ny Awpxw Pqvw suxw id`qw ik jW qW
muslmwn bx jwvo jW mrn vwsqy iqAwr ho jwvo[

BweI BUpq isMG nUM byVIAW ivc jkiVAw hoieAw sI[
ivc lY Awey ij`Qy jlwd pihlW hI aus dI aufIk kr rhy sn[
qy BweI swihb dIAW iek-iek krky dovyN A`KW k`F id`qIAW[
vwilAW dy vI idl Gbrw gey[ pr BweI BUpq isMG dI surq
Afol rhI[
ispwhI aus nUM nKws cONk lwhOr
aunHW ny byrihm hwkmW dy ieSwry
KUn dy prnwly c`l pey, dyKx
vwihgurU dy crnW ivc juVI hoeI

BUpq isMG kI AWK kFwie[

Pyr crKVI dIXo cFwie[

(ShId iblws)

hux aunHW nUM crKVI qy cwVH ky qUMbw-qUMbw krky aufw id`qw igAw[ ies qrHW AwpxI
Shwdq dy ky BweI BUpq isMG ny bIrqw dI nvIN imswl kwiem kr id`qI[ ies ShIdI nwl
Awm lokW nUM zwlm srkwr vloN qwxy hoey JUT dy prdy Q`ilauN aus dI AslI sUrq ids peI ik
ieh ikMnI bdsUrq Aqy JUTI hY[

jd qk sMswr rhygw BweI BUpq isMG dI ShIdI is`K nOjvwnW dw mwrg drSn krdI
rhygI, ik swnUM Awpxy Drm nwl jwn qoN v`D ipAwr krnw cwhIdw[ loV hY Awpxy ieiqhws nUM
pVH ky aus qoN kuJ sbk is`Kx dI[