NGQ VINH LINH QUANG BAO DIEN 10:0916.68,64,96-0938. HUONG DAN SU DUNG ; THUGC LO BAN Dich va chii gidi: C6 DS Thu i Higu dinh: ThS. Nguyén Manh Linh NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI~~ LINH QUANG BAO BIE Thude L6 Ban la mot t theo thudt phong thiy Tr nganh xy dung ding tham khdo khi xem xét cde chuén muee mj thudt, sv hai hoa vd tinh tign dung toi da khi thiét hé' mét cong trinh kién tric, Tuong truyén, Lé Ban la mét danh tai vé nghé mée cia Trung Quéc. Ong dé sdn xudt ra nhiling mét hang n6i that rat dep va bén chééc ciing nhut sing ché ra nhiéu dung cu sin xudt dé méc. Ngodi ra, Ong con day cong nghién citu va rit ra duge nhiing quy luGt vén dong vat ly twang quan giita nhip sink hoc va. tit tring cita trdi dat vdi hich thutde cita cdc udt dung ngi that, Nhiing twong quan dé c6 tée dung manh mé dén cuée séng ciia con ngudi. Cong trink nghién citu dy theo thii gian dude dic két thanh thuée L6 Ban. Thude Lé Ban duge chia déu thanh tém cung va phan thanh nhitng khodng tét xéu khdc nhau dé dp dung vao viée sin xudt dé ding n6i thét, né da tré than vat bat ly than cia gidi thiét ké cong trinh, néi that néi chung va nhitng ngudi lam nghé méc néi riéng. Tit ngan ném nay, thd méc va thg xdy dung d cde nutée chau A déu ton tho Lé Ban nhu mét vi Su té cha nghé. Qua thue té thiét ké'va thi cong mét sé céng trinh, phan ln gia chit déu yéu cu do dac cia nha theo thude Lé Ban, diéu dé cho théty moi ngudi rat tin twdng vao chy thude c6 truyén nay. Tuy khong phdi la nhiing nha dia ly nhung trén cd sd tham khdo mé6t 86 sdch lién quan, ching toi dé téng hop va hudng dén dé cde ban nhanh chong sit dung duge edy thude nay. Nhung mét vdn dé duge dit ra la ligu do dac theo thitéc L6 Ban c6 phdi la mét hank déng mé tin hay khéng? C6 ngudi cho dé la mé tin vi mét ly do hét site don gidn, tren céy thude Lé Ban toan nhiing chit Han ngodn ngoéo giéng bia chi. Tuy nhién, trén thie té, thude L6 Ban la mét cay thuée hinh nghiém, n6 khong thudc bat ky mét hé thong do dac néo trén thé gidi, nd dude dic hét va da thit nghi¢m cé ngan di nay chi dé phan dink hai chit tét xdu. Dt nhién, chi bang mét edy thude lam sao thay déi dude van mang, nhung 06 le qua chink thie té sit dung ma ede ban e6 thé nghiém ra ring, khi tai hoa 6 dén cing nhe di mét chu, l6c phiic c6 dén ciing may man hon thém. Trong dia ly e6 Phuong Dong thute Ranh, thitde L6 Ban la mét yéu t6’ khong thé? tach roi. DE ban doc 06 thé hidu rd hon va te mink tim duge nhitng hich thude hop ly sit dung trong qua trinh xay dung nha cia, trong cudn sdch nay, ching tdi xin gidi thigu mét phan ca ban trong cach tra va sit dung thutée L6 Ban. Cudh stich ra dei vdi mong mudn duge ban doc géin xa din nhén va dong gop ¥ hién dé ngay cang trd nén hoan thién hon.BHHRHHHEHRHH Cham néi bing g6 Trank phéc hoa Cham néi c6 dai c6 rét nhiéu loai, cd ett vao chai lieu c6 thé chia ra thank cdc Joai nhu db sit, dé déng, dé tide, Ad sit va db 96. Chang han vé mot ngudi the cham ni gf, ho thug di khp cde pho‘phudng, gO cia wing nha dé tm vige Ham. Sau khi ci nha déng ¥, ho sé dieu khdc cdc dé gé theo y mudin ciia chit nha. Cd hoa tiet digu Ikhde thucng la ring hac, hoa ed, chim mudng. son thy... Vige cudi cing ld ho sé dénh ‘bong va t0 man cho céc d3 dieu khide dé.CHUONG 1 CHON YEU TO TOT LANH DE LAM NHA LINH QUANG BAO BIEN 00:0078.64,64,96-0938.64.64.96 Kién tric cd dai chi yéu dude két cdu bang chat liéu g6, tat ca cdc cong viéc trong qua trinh kién trac déu do nhing ngudi thd méc cé tay nghé cao chi dao. Trong dan gian, xay nha stta cla Ia mét viéc vé cling trong dai, khéng thé qua loa. Dé cé dude stf an toan, ngudi ta da dat ra rat nhiéu diéu cam ky. Khai c6éng, déng thé phai Iya chon thdi gian va phuong vi tét lanh. Qua trinh xay dung nha cia trong dan gian thuéng rat chu y dén thdi gian va phudng vi, cac budc lam viéc va viéc thi cong cong trinh phai tuan thd theo mét quy trinh nhat ann Tir sy chon thai gian va phutong vi tot lanh dé lam nha. Nhiing quan dude thai 4 cla ngudi dan o8 dai déi véi van héa phong tuc tap quan rat dang dé ch1. VAO RUNG CHAT CAY LAY G6 Nguyén tie “Vao rimg chat cay lay g6": Thong thudng, thdi gian chat cay lay g6 va ngay bat dau thi cong nhat thiét khong duge pham vao “Xuyén Son Sat"®, hon nia, ngudi tho vao ring lay g6 vé thi céng phai chon dung can sé” cia g6, nhat dinh phai chat g6 4 ving dat bang phang, khong thé qua loa, dai khéi. Tat ed nhitng viée nay déu phai tinh toan can than rdi mdi thye hién. Néu mudn dua gd vita chat vao bai, khong duge xép 6 hudng “Hoang Sat"®, khi chat g6 cing khong duge pham vao nhiing diéu cam ky nhu “Hoang Dé Bat Toa”, “Cita Thién Dai Toa”®,..; Ngodi nhiing ngay cm ky trén, nhiing ngay cdn lai déu t6t lanh. [Chi thich)} [1] Xuyén Son Sét: Day 1a mot trong nhing digu clin ky khi vao rimg chit cay lay g6. Nguidi dan 6 dai thuting ding can chi dé ghi dm, trong ret nhiéu cac hoat dong thudt 36 déu combing diéu cm ky lién quan dén thai gian va phuong vi. Phuong phdp suy don Xuyen Son Sat Ia: Nim Ty tai Ngo, nai Situ tai Mu. tidp tue loai suy im ra dutge phucing, efim ky, Khong duge pham vio, Ngudi xa cho ring, the mde khdi cong néu pham vdo Xuyen Son Sit la da pham vio Thai Tue, s@ khong duege tot Janh, cé thé gap phai nhimg vige hung khéng ledng trade dutge [2] Can 86 Ny Khai nigm “Chon ding can s6' eda 90" duige dé dp (Gi 8 day ci nghia la Mii vio rimg chat cy My £6, cin s6 phit hop nén chon s6 I. Thite ban bang gb som thoi Tay Han Thute ban, hay com gor la chiém ban, fa mot cong ew ima céc nbd thudt s6' cd dai ding dé chiém nghigm thes sian. Newoi awa cho rang, thoi gian va phuong co moi quan hé wong ting nhat dink, new twang hop thi sé ba ct, Heong khiie héa hung. Moi quan hé trang tong gia thoi gian vé: Khéng gian nay chink 14 nguyen ly a thigh ke thie ban. Hink ve trén Ia sod mink hoa whing net kde trén bé mit ctia die ban bang chat lieu g som, thite ban nay ditoc Khai quai 6 md Song C6 Dbi Hén (MD, Phu Duong, An Huy. Budng Kink Thien ban dai 95cm, day 0,15cm; Dia ban mdi bén dai 13.Som, day Fem. Hinh trén 12 mde wrucic etka Thien ba, hinh dic 4a mat sau ctia Thién ban ti Xun coi S016 1a 86 dung, sf chan 1a S61 Am, lai coi Datong la edt, Amv ta hung, nay eD atoes sodwo A4enei iat ra iét st ai dy a ng, £6, [3] Phuong Hoang Sat: Hoang Sét la mot trong nhimg diéu ctim ky trong xutét hinh theo quan niem cda ngudi xua. Trong “Fda Chan Quan Van toan Ngoc Hap ky” c6 cau: “Pham xuat ngoai pham Hoang Sa, nhan vong tai tin bat quy gia”. Phutong phap suy dodn néi chung la: Ngdy Ngo cia thang gidng, thang tu, thang biy va thing mudi, Ng’y Din cua thang hai, thang nim, thang tém va thang mi mot; Neiy Ty cia thing ba, thang sdu, thang chin va thang mudi hai déu 1a nhimg ngay Hoang Sat cin ky. Khai nigm “Hoang Sét” duge dé cap dé & day thuc ra la chi phuong vi chi KhOng phai chi thai gian. Vi Dan Ngo hep héa Héa nén khong thé xép gb d hudng nay. [4] Hoang Dé Bat Toa: LA mot trong nhimg digu cam ky theo quan nigm cia ngudi xia. Ngay cam ky nay cich 3 vj tri so véi Thai Tue, hay con goi la Chinh Bat Toa. Nam Ty gap ngay Quy Dau, nim Sire Bap ngay Gidp Tuat, nim Dan gip ngay Dinh Hgi, nim Mao gap ngay Gidp Ty, nim Thin gap ngay At Sui, nim Ty g8p ngay Gidp Din, nim Ngo gap ngiy Dinh Mao, nim Mui gap ngay Giép Thin, nm Than gp ngay At Ty, nim Dau gap ngay Gidp Ngo, nim Tudt gip ngay Binh Mai, nim Hoi gp ngay Gidp Than, déu can phai cam ky. [5] Citu Thien Dai Toa: La cach néi khac eda Cau Thien Chu Tuc, khi vao rimg lay g6. Trong truyén thuyet 6 dai, Chu Tude la haa tint ny e ring s@ xay ra héa hoan, vi vay, g6 khong xép 6 phuiong nay. trong nhimg didu edim ky [Gidi thich]: Nguéi dan Trung Quéc thdi xua rat coi trong “pj dn goi la Kham Du, Kham I Thién da i ron dung hay thi cng cling phai hét stic nhan manh ey tuong hyp gitta Thin, plaid N Idi xua cho ring, ch? Khi 3 yéu 16 nay phdi hop tt duge véi nhau thi méi cd thé giip c&t44Bnh hung, Vi vay, trong xAy dung, thi cng, ngudi ta déu oh lua chon théi gian tét lanh. Qua qué trinh trdi nghiém thuc tién lau Adi, ngudi xua aa dan dan téng ket ra thuat trach ct (phuong phép chon ngdy gid tt lnh). Theo ghi chép cla cdc tu liéu lich of, thuat trach cét duoc hinh thanh vao déi Hn, cAch ngdy nay hon 2000 néim. Thuat trach oAt [a phuong phdp chon ngay gid tét cila ngudi xua, bao gom rat nhiéu digu than bi va cm ky, dudng nhu Ia do Than Sat tao ra vA chi phéi. Than Sét 1a chi cdc loai sao c6 Than tinh, duge op xép theo thi tu can chi va xuat hién theo chu ky, Thuat trach cat can cit vao Than S4t a€ chon ngay, véi ¥ tim cét trdnh hung duge coi IB mét hoat Ong thuat 66 cla ngudi xua, 8 mt hign tuong van héa tén tai phd bigh trong x3 hdi cd dai Phuong phdp chon ngay [anh (trach ct) ding én phai lay sy vide (chi cc hoat déng cha ngudi dan) lm trung tam, ket hop voi ngudi thuc hién oy viéc dé va can ct vao nguyen tdc chon ngay dé lua chon ngay gid t8t lanh cho hoat déng dé. Vi cde céng trinh kidn tric o8 dai phan lon déu duge két cu bang chat ligu gd nén trude khi xay dung nha cila, can phai chat ody \dy 96. Chat cay ly 99 cing phai tuan thi theo quy tac cf ky cat hung. Thai gian (hodic phuong vi ) duoc dai dién bang cdc Than Sat nhu “Xuyén Son 1”, “Phuong Hoang S4¢”, “Hoang Bé Bat Toa”, “Ciu Thién Bai Toa” duge Aé cp aén trong onan trén cé lién quan dén phuong php ghi nim cB dal. BAy chinh Ia “Phuong phdp ghi néim theo i”, tie IB ding 10 Thigh can “Gidp, At, Binh, Dinh, Mau, KY, Canh, Tan, Nhdm, Qui” va 12 9 can