11 Latent Heat & Specific Latent Heat

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.
com
LATENT HEAT
&
SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT
TOPIC 11: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
APPLIED TO IT?
WHEN THERMAL ENERGY IS
WHAT HAPPENS TO MATTER
Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Change
the temperature
CAN
OF THE MATTER
THERMAL ENERGY
Change
the state

STATE
FOCUS ON
CHANGING THE
OF THE SUBSTANCE

WHAT DO WE KNOW?

When heat is applied to a substance.
The substance may undergo changes of state.
Change in State
of substance
Heat Energy Applied

WHAT DO WE KNOW?

When heat is removed from a substance.
The substance may undergo changes of state.
Change in State
of substance
Heat Energy Removed

LATENT HEAT

The thermal energy absorbed or released
during a change of state.
Energy absorbed Energy released
The unit of latent heat is Joule.

WHY IS
DURING
ENERGY NEEDED
CHANGES OF STATE?

LATENT HEAT

It is used to break the substance’s
intermolecular bonds during changes of state.
SOLID LIQUID GAS
Breaking Breaking
Bonds Bonds
Intermolecular bonds are forces of attraction

that holds the particles together.
LATENT HEAT

It is used to create the substance’s
intermolecular bonds during changes of state.
GAS LIQUID SOLID
Creating Creating
Bonds Bonds
Intermolecular bonds are forces of attraction

that holds the particles together.
LATENT HEAT

All the thermal energy is used to break / create the
substance’s intermolecular bonds during changes of state.
GAS LIQUID SOLID
Creating Creating
Bonds Bonds
Breaking Breaking
Bonds Bonds
None of the thermal energy is used to change the kinetic

energy of the particles during changes of state.
There will be no change in the temperature of the substance.
LATENT HEAT

The thermal energy absorbed or released
during a change of state.
The two types of latent heat:
Latent Heat Latent Heat

of of
Fusion Vaporisation
LATENT HEAT OF FUSION

The thermal energy required to change a substance
from solid to liquid state, or vice versa, without a change
in temperature.
SOLID LIQUID
Lf
Lf
The SI unit of latent heat is Joule.

LATENT HEAT OF VAPORISATION

The thermal energy required to change a substance
from liquid to gaseous state, or vice-versa, without any
change in temperature.
LIQUID GAS
Lv
Lv
The SI unit of latent heat is Joule.

“The latent heat of fusion of a
block of ice is 5000 J”
What does this statement

means?
LATENT HEAT

For any states of matter,
m m
L L
The heavier the mass of the substance,

more thermal energy needed to change state,
the bigger the latent heat.
EXAMINE

THE LATENT HEAT PER
UNIT MASS
OF THE SUBSTANCE
OR
THE SPECIFIC LATENT
HEAT
“The specific latent heat of
vaporisation of steam is
2.26 MJ/kg”
What does this statement

means?
SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT

The thermal energy required to change the
state of 1 kg substance, without any change
in temperature.
L Latent
l=
Specific Heat
Latent
Heat m
Mass
The SI unit of specific latent heat is J/kg.
SPECIFIC

The thermal energy required to change 1 kg of the solid
to liquid, or vice versa, without a change in temperature.
SOLID LIQUID
lf
1 kg 1 kg
lf

SPECIFIC

The thermal energy required to change 1 kg of the solid
to liquid, or vice versa, without a change in temperature.
Latent
Specific
Lf Heat of
Latent
lf = Fusion
Heat of
Fusion m
Mass
SPECIFIC

The thermal energy required to change 1 kg of the liquid to
gas, or vice-versa, without any change in temperature.
LIQUID GAS
lv
1 kg 1 kg
lv

SPECIFIC

The thermal energy required to change 1 kg of the liquid to
gas, or vice-versa, without any change in temperature.
Latent
Specific
Lv Heat of
Latent
lv = Vaporisation
Heat of
Vaporisation m
Mass
Which process is easier to achieve?

Melting the ice or Boiling water.
Steam Ice
l v = 2 260 000 J/kg l f = 336 000 J/kg

WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF
THERMAL ENERGY?

Bunsen Burner Electric Burner
Thermal Energy = Power X Time Taken

Q Heater = P x t
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 1

An ice-cream has a mass of 150g.
If the specific latent of fusion of ice
cream is 340000 Jkg , -1
find the thermal energy required to

melt the ice cream.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 1

Thermal Energy
= Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice
to melt Ice
= Mass X Specific Latent Heat
of Fusion of Ice
Qice = mice X l f ice

= 0.150 kg X 340 000 J/kg
Qice =
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 2

A heater which supplies thermal energy at a
constant rate of 1000 W is completely
immersed in a 3.00 kg block of ice at 00C.
The block of ice takes 1020s to melt

completely.
Calculate a value for the specific latent heat of

fusion of ice.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 2

Thermal Energy supplied Thermal Energy use to
=
to ice by heater melt the ice
Q heater = L f ice
Pheater X t = m ice X l f ice
1000W X 1020s = 3kg X l f ice
l f ice =
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 3

A jet of steam at 100 C
0 is directed for a short
time at a large block of ice at 00C.
Some of the steam condenses to form water

and some ice is melted. The condensed steam
forms 0.40 kg of water at 00C.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 3

Calculate the thermal energy given out by this
mass of steam in changing to water at 100 C.
0
Calculate the thermal energy given out by this

water as it cools to the temperature of ice.
specific latent heat of vaporisation of water = 2200 kJkg-1

specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 kJkg-1K-1
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 3

Thermal Energy to = Latent Heat of Vaporisation of Steam
condense Steam
= Mass X Specific Latent Heat
of Vaporisation
Q steam = m steam X l vsteam

= 0.40 kg X 2200 kJ/kg
Q steam =
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 3

Thermal Energy
= Mass X Specific Heat X Change in
Lost by water
Capacity Temperature
= m water c water  water
Q water = 0.4kg X 4.2kJ/kg0C X (100- 0) 0C
Q water =
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4

What is the amount of energy
required to change 10g of ice at 0ºC
to water at 20ºC?
specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 J/g

specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J/gºC
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4

Total Thermal Thermal Energy to
= Thermal Energy + increase temperature
Energy Needed to melt Ice
of water
Q Total = L f ice + Q Water

= ( m ice l f ice ) + ( m water c water  water )
= (10g X 336J/g) + [10g X 4.2J/g0C X (20 - 0) 0C ]

Q Total =
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 5

A glass contains 250g of hot tea at 90ºC.
What is the minimum amount of ice at 0ºC
needed to cool the drink to 0ºC?
specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 J/g

specific heat capacity of tea = 4.2 J/gºC
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 5

Initial Final
m ice =?
250g
Ice Hot Tea Iced Tea

00C 900C 00C
l f ice = 336 J/g c tea = 4.2 J/g0C

EXAMPLE EXERCISE 5

Thermal Energy Thermal Energy gained by
= melting ice
lost by hot tea
Q Tea = L f ice
m tea c tea  tea = m ice l f ice
[ 250g X 4.2J/g0C X (90 - 0) 0C ] = ( m ice X 336J/g)
m ice =
SUMMARIZATION

“Latent Heat, L” “Specific Latent Heat, l”
The amount of thermal The amount of thermal

energy required to energy required to
change the state change the state of 1 kg
of a substance without a of a substance without a
change in temperature. change in temperature
l = L
L = Q
m
Joule (J) J/kg

SUMMARIZATION

“Latent Heat “Latent Heat of
of Fusion” Vaporisation”
The thermal energy The thermal energy

required to change a required to change a
substance substance from liquid to
from solid to liquid state, gaseous state, or vice-
or vice versa, without a versa, without any change
change in temperature. in temperature.
“L f ” “L v”
SI unit = Joule SI unit = Joule

LATENT HEAT

For any states of matter,
m m
L L
The heavier the mass of the substance,

more thermal energy needed to change state,
the bigger the latent heat.
SUMMARIZATION

“Specific Latent Heat “Specific Latent Heat
of Fusion” of Vaporisation”
The thermal energy required The thermal energy
to change 1 kg of the solid required to change 1 kg of
to liquid, or vice versa, the liquid to gas, or vice-
without a change in versa, without any change
temperature. in temperature.
Lf Lv
lf = lv =
m m
SI unit = J/kg SI unit = J/kg
SUMMARIZATION

Thermal Energy supplied Thermal Energy to change
=
to substance by heater the state of the substance
=
SUMMARIZATION

Thermal Energy lost Thermal Energy gained by
=
by Substance A Substance B to change state
=
SUMMARIZATION

Thermal Energy Thermal Energy
Total Thermal
= Needed to + Needed to Change
Energy Needed
Change State Temperature
Q Total = L substance + Q substance

Q Total =
Q Total =
Q Total =

11 Latent Heat &amp; Specific Latent Heat

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Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Heat Energy Applied

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Heat Energy Removed

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Energy absorbed Energy released

The unit of latent heat is Joule.

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Intermolecular bonds are forces of attraction

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Intermolecular bonds are forces of attraction

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

None of the thermal energy is used to change the kinetic

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Latent Heat Latent Heat

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

The SI unit of latent heat is Joule.

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

The SI unit of latent heat is Joule.

What does this statement

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

The heavier the mass of the substance,

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

What does this statement

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

The SI unit of specific latent heat is J/kg.

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

The SI unit of specific latent heat is J/kg.

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

l v = 2 260 000 J/kg l f = 336 000 J/kg

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Thermal Energy = Power X Time Taken

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

find the thermal energy required to

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Qice = mice X l f ice

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The block of ice takes 1020s to melt

Calculate a value for the specific latent heat of

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Some of the steam condenses to form water

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Calculate the thermal energy given out by this

specific latent heat of vaporisation of water = 2200 kJkg-1

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Q steam = m steam X l vsteam

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

= m water c water  water

Q water = 0.4kg X 4.2kJ/kg0C X (100- 0) 0C

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 J/g

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Q Total = L f ice + Q Water

= (10g X 336J/g) + [10g X 4.2J/g0C X (20 - 0) 0C ]

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

11 Latent Heat & Specific Latent Heat

11 Latent Heat & Specific Latent Heat