CHAPTER 3: MATTER CONCEPT OF DENSITY

MATTER HAS MASS & OCCUPIES SPACE  Density is the mass per unit volume.
Mass m
 Matter – > Anything has mass & volume (occupies space). Density  or D
Volume V
 Example of matter: - human beings, water, soil, air, books.  Units:-
 Example of non-matter: vacuum, heat, light, sound. Unit of mass Unit of volume Unit of density
THREE STATES OF MATTER kg m3 kg/ m3
g cm3 g/cm3
 3 states: - solid, liquid and gas.
 State of matter depends on temperature & pressure. m
 An easy to remember aid for D 
V
 Matter is made up of tiny particle.
 The arrangement & types of movement of particles will also determine the
m
states.
 Characteristics of 3 states of matter:- D V

Characteristic Solid Liquid Gas

Takes the shape of Takes the shape of FLOAT OR SINK
Shape Fixed shape
container container or space
Takes the volume of  Depends on density.
Volume Fixed volume Definite volume
whole container or space  Floats: - density of substance < density of fluid
- Fixed positions - Not in fixed
- Not in fixed positions  Sinks: - density of substance > density of fluid
- Arranged in positions
Arrangement - Not arranged in regular
regular pattern - Not arranged in APPLICATION OF DENSITY
of particles pattern
- Very closely regular pattern
- Widely space  A hot air balloon
packed - Closely packed
- Vibrate & spin - Vibrate & move - Rises when hot air in balloon is less dense
around in their randomly but not - Move freely, randomly
Movement of than surrounding air.
fixed positions freely at high speed & colliding
particles
- Cannot move past - Can move around with each other. - Falls when cooled air in balloon is denser
one another one another
Force of than surrounding air.
attraction Very strong forces Weak forces Very weak forces or  A submarine
between between particle between particle negligible
particles - Sinks by pumping water into it
Higher than liquid - Floats by pumping water out of it.
Density Higher than gas Low density
& gas