Exercise 10.18 on Page 373 in Elmasri and Navathe.

a. Proof of {W → Y, X → Z}╞ {WX → Y}

1. W → Y ╞ WX → YX (using augmentation rule IR2)
2. YX → Y (using reflexive rule IR1 and knowing that YX ⊇ Y)
3. WX → Y (using transitive rule IR3 on 1 and 2)

b. Proof of {X → Y} and Y ⊇ Z ╞ {X → Z}
1. X → Y (given)
2. Y → Z (using IR1 and knowing Y ⊇ Z)
3. X → Z (using IR3 on 1 and 2)

c. Proof {X → Y, X → W, WY → Z} ╞ {X → Z}
1. X → W (given)
2. XY → WY (using IR2 on 1 by augmenting with Y)
3. X → Y (given)
4. X → XY (using IR2 on 1 by augmenting with X; notice that XX = X)
5. X → WY (using IR3 on 2 and 4)
6. WY → Z (given)
7. X → Z (using IR3 on 4 and 5)

d. Disproof of {XY → Z, Y → W} ╞ {XW → Z}

Consider the relation instance as below:
XYZW
0000
0110
XY → Z and Y → W are satisfied.
But XW → Z is not satisfied because with the same value (0, 0) of (X, W) in the first and the
second record, the coresponding values of Z are different.

e. Disproof of {X → Z, Y → Z} ╞ {X → Y}
Consider the relation instance as below:
XYZ
001
011
X → Z, Y → Z are satisfied. CS 440 - Assignment #1 - Solutions
4
But X → Y is not satisfied because with the same value 0 of X in the first and the second
record, the coresponding values of Y are different.

f. Proof of {X → Y, XY → Z} ╞ {X → Z}
1. X → Y (given)
2. X → XY (using IR2 on 1 by augmenting with X; notice that XX = X)
3. XY → Z (given)
4. X → Z (using IR3 on 2 and 3)

g. Proof of {X → Y, Z → W} ╞ {XZ → YW}

1. X → Y (given)
2. XZ → YZ (using IR2 on 1 by augmenting with Z)
3. Z → W (given)
4. YZ → YW (using IR2 on 3 by augmenting with Y)
5. XZ → YW (using IR3 on 2 and 4)

h. Disproof of {XY → Z, Z → X} ╞ {Z → Y}
Consider the relation instance as below:
XYZ
001
011
XY → Z and Z → X are satisfied.
But Z → Y is not satisfied because with the same value 0 of Z in the first and the second
record, the coresponding values of Y are different.
i. Proof of {X → Y, Y → Z} ╞ {X → YZ}
1. Y → Z (given)
2. Y → YZ (using IR2 on 1 by augmenting with Y; notice that YY = Y)
3. X → Y (given)
4. X → YZ (using IR3 on 2 and 3)

j. Disproof of {XY → Z, Z → W} ╞ {X → W}
Consider the relation instance as below:
XYZW
0000
0111
XY → Z, Z → W are satisfied. CS 440 - Assignment #1 - Solutions
5
But X → W is not satisfied because with the same value 0 of X in the first and the second
record, the coresponding values of W are different.