TECHNO INDIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

New Town, Mega City, Rajarhat, Kolkata – 700156

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering and

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

PROJECT REPORT ON
“AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER WITH COOLING
SYSTEM USING MICROCONTROLLER”

\
Under the supervision of
Mr. Rajib Barui

Submitted By:
1). Arun Bera 4). Chandra Prakash
2). Sonal Kumar 5). Rakesh Mishra
3). Mukesh Kumar
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude towards

Mr. Rajib Barui, our project guide for his able guidance,
comprehensive suggestions and tremendous technical
support to make this project a reality.
We also extend our profound gratitude to Dr Sanjib Sil,
Head Of Department, ECE, for his comprehensive
suggestions and support to complete this project
successfully.
We would also like to thank the other faculty members
who have helped us whenever we needed any type of
assistance.

Date: 06th May, 2011

1. Arun Bera

2. Sonal Kumar

3. Mukesh Kumar

4. Chandra Prakash

5. Rakesh Mishra
 ABSTRACT:-

This project is designed to control the room temperature automatically for those temperature
sensitive instruments and any other industrial applications. This circuit comprises of
Microcontroller AT89S52, Analog to Digital Converter ADC0804, Temperature sensor LM35,
16×2 LCD, Darlington pair (BC547, SL100), Relay, Buzzer, etc. This circuit displays the current
temperature and any change in temperature. This circuit concerns over the room temperature, if
the temperature goes over a certain limit which is fixed here at 45° C then the cooler is set ON
and it will remain ON until the room temperature drops below 35° C. If the room temperature for
any reason does not drop down and crosses certain higher temperature, fixed here at 50 ° C the
alarm will be set ON.
 INDEX

Sl.No Events Page no.

1 BLOCKDIAGRAM OF PROJECT

2 MICROCONTROLLER

3 ADC 0804

4 TEMPERATURE SENSOR LM-35

5 16×2 LCD

6 DARLINGTON PAIR & BUZZER

7 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

8 WORKING CIRCUIT

9 PROGRAM

10 CONCLUSION

11 REFERANCE

Block Diagram:-
 Relay

Darlingt
on
pair
MICROCONTROLLER AT89S52 :
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8
Kbytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using
Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the
industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and
pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the
program memory to be reprogrammed in-
system or by a conventional nonvolatile
memory programmer. By combining a
versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system
programmable Flash on a monolithic chip,
the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful
microcontroller which provides a highly-
flexible and cost-effective solution to many
embedded control applications. The
AT89S52 provides the following standard
features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of
RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two
data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a
full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is
designed with static logic for
operation down to zero
frequency and supports two
software selectable power
saving modes. The Idle Mode
stops the CPU while allowing
the RAM, timer/counters,
serial port, and interrupt
system to continue
functioning. The Power-down
mode saves the RAM
contents but freezes the
oscillator, disabling all other
chip functions until the next
interrupter hardware reset.
Pin Description
VCC: - Supply voltage.
GND: - Ground.
Port 0:-
Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink
eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high
impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low-order
address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0
has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and
outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required
during program verification.
Port 1:-
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers
can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high
by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. In
addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input
(P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as shown in
the following table. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash
programming and verification.

Port 2:-
Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers
can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high
by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port
2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and
during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR). In
this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to
external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents
of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and
some control signals during Flash programming and verification.
Port 3:-
Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers
can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high
by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups.

RST:-
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running
resets the device. This pin drives high for 98 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times
out. The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In
the default state of bit DISRTO, the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled. ALE/PROG
Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address
during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG)
during Flash programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6
the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note,
however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory. If
desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit
set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is
weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in
external execution mode.
PSEN:-
Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When the
AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice
each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to
external data memory.
EA/VPP:-
External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to
fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.
Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset.
EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the
12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash Programming.
XTAL1:-
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
XTAL2:-
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER:-

The ADC080X family are CMOS 8-Bit, successive approximation A/D converters which
use a modified potentiometric ladder and are designed to operate with the 8080A control
bus via three-state outputs. These
converters appear to the
processor as memory locations or
I/O ports, and hence no
interfacing logic is required. The
differential analog voltage input
has good common mode
-rejection and permits offsetting
the analog zero-input voltage
value. In addition, the voltage
reference input can be adjusted to
allow encoding any smaller
analog voltage span to the full 8
bits of resolution.

Features :-
• 80C48 and 80C80/85 Bus Compatible - No Interfacing Logic Required
• Conversion Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <100μs
• Easy Interface to Most Microprocessors
• Will Operate in a “Stand Alone” Mode
• Differential Analog Voltage Inputs
• Works with Bandgap Voltage References
• TTL Compatible Inputs and Outputs
• On-Chip Clock Generator
• Analog Voltage Input Range
(Single + 5V Supply) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0V to 5V
• No Zero-Adjust Required.

ADC INTERFACING:
TEMPERATURE SENSOR LM-35 :-
General Description
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature
sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the
Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an
advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in °
Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large
constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient
Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external
calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of
±1⁄4°C at room temperature and ±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to
+150°C temperature range. Low cost is
assured by trimming and calibration at the
wafer level. The LM35’s low output
impedance, linear output, and precise
inherent calibration make interfacing to
readout or control circuitry especially easy.
It can be used with single power supplies,
or with plus and minus supplies. As it
draws only 60 μA from its supply, it has
very low self-heating, less than 0.1°C in
still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over
a −55° to +150°C temperature range, while
the LM35C is rated for a −40° to +110°C range (−10° with improved accuracy). The
LM35 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the
LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor
package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package
and a plastic TO-220 package.

Features
1. Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade)
2. Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor
3. 0.5°C accuracy guarantee able (at +25°C)
4. Rated for full −55° to +150°C range
5. Suitable for remote applications
6. Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
7. Operates from 4 to 30 volts
8. Less than 60 μA current drain
9. Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air
10. Nonlinearity only ±1⁄4°C typical
11. Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load
LIQUID CRYSTAL
DISPLAY(16×LCD) :-
FEATURES
• 5 x 8 dots with cursor
• Built-in controller (KS 0066 or
Equivalent)
• + 5V power supply (Also available for
+ 3V)
• 1/16 duty cycle
• B/L to be driven by pin 1, pin 2 or pin
15, pin 16 or A.K (LED)
• N.V. optional for + 3V power supply

16×2 LCD INTERFACING:

DARLINGTONPAIR :-
The Darlington pair is basically a combination of two
bipolar transistors connected as shown. In Darlington
pair, two transistors connected together so that the
current amplified by the first is amplified further by
the second transistor. The overall current gain is
equal to the two individual gains multiplied together.
Darlington pair current gain, hFE = hFE1* FE2
(hFE1 and hFE2 are the gains of the individual
transistors).
To turn on two transistors TR1 and TR2 at the same
time there must be 0.7V across base-emitter junctions
of both the transistors. To put it simply, 1.4V is
required to turn two transistors on at same time.
Darlington pairs are available as complete packages in the market but you can make up
your own from two transistors; TR1 can be a low power type, but normally TR2 will
need to be high power. The maximum collector current Ic(max) for the pair is the same as
Ic(max) for TR2.
Transistor:-1. BC547
2. SL100

BUZZER :- It is an electrical Buzzer.It requires 5v – 12 v for operation.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
PROGRAM :
#include<reg51.h>
#define ldata P0
#define UPTEMP 45
#define DOWNTEMP 35
#define AL 50
sbit rs = P2^3;
sbit rw = P2^2;
sbit en = P2^1;
sbit adc_read= P3^4;
sbit adc_write= P3^3;
sbit adc_intr= P3^5;
sbit output=P3^7;
sbit alarm =P3^6;
bit loadon=0;
void delay(int time)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<127;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<time;j++)
{
 }
}
}
void lcd_data(unsigned char a)
{
rs=1;
ldata=a;
en=1;
delay(1);
en=0;
delay(1);
}
void lcd_cmd(unsigned char a)
{
rs=0;
ldata=a;
en=1;
delay(1);
en=0;
delay(1);
}
void lcd_string(char *s)
{
while(*s)
{
lcd_data(*s);
 s++;
}
}
void lcd_init()
{
lcd_cmd(0x38);
lcd_cmd(0x0e);
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x0C);
lcd_cmd(0x80);
}

void main()
{
unsigned char val=0,temp=0;
unsigned int x=0;
float temp1;
output=0;
alarm=1;
rw=0;
lcd_init();
lcd_string(" WELCOME!");
lcd_cmd(0xC0);
lcd_string("TEMP. METER");
adc_read=1;
adc_write=1;
delay(1000);
lcd_cmd(0x01);

while(1)
{
delay(100);
adc_read=1;
adc_write=0;
delay(1);
adc_write=1;
while(adc_intr==1);
adc_read=0;
val=P1;
temp1=((float)val/255)*100.00;
x+=(int)temp1;
delay(10);
delay(100);
adc_read=1;
adc_write=0;
delay(1);
adc_write=1;
while(adc_intr==1);
adc_read=0;
val=P1;
temp1=((float)val/255)*100.00;
 x+=(int)temp1;
delay(10);
delay(100);
adc_read=1;
adc_write=0;
delay(1);
adc_write=1;
while(adc_intr==1);
adc_read=0;
val=P1;
temp1=((float)val/255)*100.00;
x+=(int)temp1;
temp=x/3;
x=0;
if(temp>=UPTEMP && loadon==0)
{
output=1;
loadon=1;
}
if(temp<=DOWNTEMP && loadon==1)
{
output=0;
loadon=0;
}
if(temp>=AL)
{
alarm=0;
}

lcd_cmd(0x80);
lcd_string("TEMP= ");
lcd_data((temp/10)%10+48);
lcd_data(temp%10+48);
lcd_string(" DEG. C");
lcd_cmd(0xC0);
if(loadon==1)
{
lcd_string("COOLER ON ");
}
else
{
lcd_string("COOLER OFF");
}
lcd_cmd(0x80);
}
}
CONCLUSION :
Main features of the circuit are

1) The instrument’s main control circuit employs micro-controller system and large scale
integrated circuit. It adopts man-machine dialogue interface and large screen LC character
display technology and is prominent in display, convenient in operation and handy.

2) Stable and reliable temperature control system. It has automatic control circuit,

3) Stable and reliable air flow system using fan.

.4)Can be implemented wherever necessary.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

• We will also connect an automatic dialer to our Circuit. When the temperature will be so
much i.e. greater than certain temp. it will automatically dial a number.
• We will interface a Keyboard so that we can change the range of the temperature in the
field i.e. field programmable.
BIBLEOGRAPHY

• www.wikepedia.com

• The 8051 microcontroller by Mazidi and Mazidi

• 8051 tutorial from www.8052.com

• www.datasheets4u.com