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cdma2000
Rodger E. Ziemer
IEEE Communications Society
Distinguished Lecturer Program
Outline
v Multiple access/channel measurement guidelines
v Current 1G and 2G technology
v What is Third Generation?
v WCDMA features
v cdma2000 features
v WCDMA and cdma2000 contrasted
v Summary
Africa
USA/Canada
2% Americas
Analog 17%
9%
14% Middle East
1%
Asia Pacific
cdmaOne 32%
12% Europe:
Western Europe:
Source: EMC World Cellular Database
36% Eastern
3%
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 5
Why CDMA?
v Higher capacity
v Improved performance in multipath by diversity
v Lower mobile transmit power = longer battery life
v Power control
v Variable transmission rate with voice activity detection
data
scrambling 19200 sps
voice error detection R=1/2; k = 9
user n block
code (CRC)
analog voice encoder
& tail bits
convolutional
encoder
interleaver +
mux
+
user n
long code cl , n
reverse user n pulse
link power Walsh code shaping
control bit 1.2288 Mcps
cI , pilot cosωo t
1.2288 Mcps
19200 sps S S LPA
data cQ , pilot sinωo t
paging scrambling
paging R=1/2; k = 9
channel data channel block pulse
9600/4800/
framing
convolutional
encoder
interleaver + + shaping
2400 bps
paging wp
channel cl , page paging channel
long code Walsh code
1.2288 Mcps
4800 sps
synchronization sync R=1/2; k = 9 block
channel
channel data
1200 bps framing
convolutional
encoder
interleaver +
w32
synch channel
Walsh code
1.2288 Mcps
pilot channel
data all 0's +
w0
pilot channel
Walsh code
1.2288 Mcps
U.S. iDEN
U.S. IS-136
1xEV-DO
2G 2.5G 3G
2000
1500
kbps
1000
614.2
473.0
500
171.0
115.2
0
GPRS IS-95B WCDMA cdma2000 EDGE
PHS 3G 3G MSS
MSS
Japan
1885 1895 1918.1 1980 2010 2025 2110 2170 2200
3G 3G
MSS MSS
China 1885 2025 2110 2200
Q: sync & control Pilot: N pilot bits TFCI FBI TPC DPCCH
0.667 ms
radio frame = 10 ms
TFCI = transmit format combination indicator DPDCH = dedicated physical data channel
FBI = feedback information DPCCH = dedicated physical control channel
TPC = transmit power control
cd , 2 βd
Q
DPCCH Σ
+
pulse shape
Σ
cc βc + filter (SRC)
sin( ω c t )
c long,1 c long,2
Notes:
00000000 1) For fixed chip rate, desired information
0000
00001111
rate determines length of spreading
00 sequence and therefore processing gain.
00110011 2) When a specific code is used, no other
0011 code on the path from that code to the root
00111100 and or on the subtree beneath that
0 code may be used.
01010101
0101 3) All the codes at any depth into the tree
01011010 are the set of Walsh Sequences.
01 4) Code phase is synchronous with
01100110 information symbols.
0110 5) FDD UL processing gain between 256 and 4
01101001
FDD DL processing gain between 512 and 4
TDD UL/DL processing gain between 16 and 1
6) Multicode used only for SF = 4
radio frame = 10 ms
primary &
secondary
common
control
channels s/p cd , n pulse shape
sum
filter (SRC)
other channels
Clong Gn
Primary e jω t
Sync Code
CP
GP
Secondary
Sync Code
CS c long,2
GS…
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 23
WCDMA Forward Error Control
v Convolutional Coding
v rate 1/2 & rate 1/3
v 256 state
v puncture to higher rates
v interleave over 10, 20, 40 or 80 ms
v Turbo Coding
v parallel coding
v rate 1/3
v 8 state codes
v block lengths 320 to 5114 bits
v interleaver designed within 3gpp
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 24
WCDMA Convolutional Code
Rate ½ Code Output 1
753 (octal)
input
Output 0
561 (octal)
25.212 V3.5.0 (2000-12)
input
Output 1
663 (octal)
interleaver
+ + Y ′(t )
+
X ′(t )
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 27
Codng Performance Compared
PCTC,BER,N=5120,8st,4it,CDI int
PCTC,FER,N=5120,8st,4it,CDI int
1.00E-01 conv+RS,BER,K=9,N=5120
conv+RS,FER,K=9,N=5120
PCTC,BER,N=640,8st,4it,CDI int
PCTC,FER,N=640,8st,4it,CDI int
1.00E-02 conv+RS,BER,K=9,N=640
conv+RS,FER,K=9,N=640
1.00E-03
average BER, FER
1.00E-04
1 dB
1.00E-05
1.00E-06
2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
average Ebi/N0
modulation
symbol
channel
bits encoder Convolutional symbol symbol block
CRC tail bits repetition puncture interleaver C
or Turbo Coder
sum
Pilot A
cos( ω c t )
Control B
+
wC βc Σ
Primary +
C
Traffic
wD1 βd
sum
+
Secondary + pulse
Σ
Traffic 1 C shape
wS 1 βd sin( ω c t )
c long, I c long, Q
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 32
cdma2000 Long Code Generator
X1 X 42
+ + +
walsh 2
(0 1)
Mm,j identifies user +
1-chip dec
delay by 2
1 + X + X 2 + X 3 + X 5 + X 6 + X 7 + X10 + X 16 + X17 +
X18 + X19 + X 21 + X 22 + X 25 + X 26 + X 27 + X 31 + X 33 + X 35 + X 42
I-channel PN
Q-channel PN
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 33
Short PN “Pilot” Sequence: 1.2288 Mcps
inphase PN sequence
+ + + + +
1 + X 5 + X 7 + X 8 + X 9 + X13 + X 15
insert
zero
quadrature PN sequence
+ + + + + + +
insert
zero
1 + X 3 + X 4 + X 5 + X 6 + X 10 + X 11 + X 12 + X 15
C.S0002-A-1 paragraph 2.1.3.1.12.1
+ +
symbol puncture
input +
and repeat
output
interleaver
+ +
+ +
+
C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.4.2.1-1
insert
zero
1 + X 3 + X 5 + X 9 + X 20
May 28-June1, 2001 R. Z. Ziemer, Colorado Springs, CO 37
cdma2000 Uplink Data Rates
XQ
XQ
XQ
long
decimate
code
C.S0002-A-1 Fig 3.1.3.1.1.1-1
symbol puncture
channel YI
W +
power control
1 à -1 gain
DEMUX
modulation
symbol power
rate control fwd pwr
ctrl gain YQ
bits
puncture
I/Q scrambling timing
bit extract 800 Hz
XQ
XQ
YI cos( ω c t )
Walsh code
Σ
QOF code
YQ
Σ
+
other pulse
Σ
+ shape
channels
XQ
Q channel
sin( ω c t )
I channel
pilot PN pilot PN
0à1
symbol puncture
channel Y1
W +
power control
1 à -1 gain
DEMUX
modulation
symbol power
rate control fwd pwr
ctrl gain Y0
bits
puncture
I/Q scrambling timing
bit extract 800 Hz
XQ
XQ
symbol puncture
channel YI1
W +
power control
1 à -1 gain YQ1
DEMUX
modulation YI2
symbol YQ2
power
rate fwd pwr YI3
control YQ3
bits ctrl gain
puncture
I/Q scrambling timing
bit extract 800 Hz
YI2
output
carrier 2
YQ2
YI3 output
same as above carrier 3
YQ3