41st INTERNATIONAL, ary Ge cians ‘OLYMPIAD. Ho va tén: UK JULY 18-27, 2008 S86 béo danh: VNM - S4 Chi dan chung ‘Viét tén va s6 bao danh trén dau tt cd cdc trang trong phiéu bai lam. C6 5 gid 8 lam bai thi. Chi dug bat dau lam bai khi c6 lénh START. Chi sir dung may tinh durgc cp. TAt cd cdc két qua tra 101 mi cau héi phai duge viét trong khung quy dinh cuia phigu tra Idi, Lam khac quy dinh sé kh6ng dugc diém. Néu can gidy nhap thi sir dung mat sau to gidy thi. Khi can thiét, phai viét cc tinh toan 6 lién quan vao trong khung tuong tng cla bai thi, 84i voi cdc bute tinh toan phirc tap, néu thi sinh khéng dua ra cc phép tinh ma chi viét ra két qua cudi cling thi sé khéng c6 diém. Cc cau tra Idi c6 chi sé sé khéng cé gia tr néu viét thiéu cac don vj thir nguyén thich hop. Thi sinh sé bj trir diém nang néu khéng viét cae don vj vao cc dap sé yéu cau. Thi sinh cling phai luu y viét dap s6 véi cdc cht? sé cd nghia. Coi tt ca cdc khi du [a Ii tuéng. Phai dimng lam bai khi c6 lénh STOP. Néu kéo dai sau higu lénh nay thi bai thi sé bj hy bé. Khi lm xong bai thi, phai dat t&t cd cdc trang bai lam trong phong bi éugc cdp. Khéng dure dan phong bl. Khéng ri khéi ché am bai khi chua éurge phép cilia gidm thi ‘8 thi gdm 42 trang. C6 thé 48 nghi gidm thi cho xem ban ban Tiéng Anh dé thi chinh thire ctia d& thi nay, nhung chl 48 46i chiéu. Page 1/42Cc ¢ A TERNATIONAL . Ge cscs Cinema «HO va tén: UK JULY 18-27, 2008 $6 béo danh: VNM - S4 Cac hing sé Vat Ii va céng thirc can thiét Name Symbol | Value $6 Avogadro Ng 6.0221 x 10” mor" Hang sé Boltzmann ks 1.3807 x 107 J K* Hang s6 khi R 8.3145 JK" mot Hang s6 Faraday F 96485 C mor Téc 46 anh sing e 2.9979 « 10° ms Hang sé Planck h 6.6261 « 10 Js Ap suat chudn Pp 10°Pa Ap sudt khi quyén Pees 1.01325 « 105 Pa 0°C trong thang Celsius 273.15 K oa tbe rol ty do teu 9.807 ms? (unnneton Bo) te 9.274015 x 105 T* ‘Th8 tich hinh lap phurong v=P ‘Thé tich hinh cu Ve $ ‘Thé nang trong trvéng E=mgh Phuong trinh khf If tuéng pV= ART Phuong trinh Arenius: k= Aexp (-E,/ RT) cravsen momen tr per = «/n( +2) Bohr magnetons Page 2/4241st INTERNATIONAL : Ge caer ‘OLYMPIAD Bova tan: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $6 bdo danh: VNM — S4 Periodic table with relative atomic masses 1 8 1 2 H He 008] 2 14516 a7 | 009 a [4 s]e]7]e]s]o Li] Be B F | Ne cae} son som 19.90 zo. | 12 1B 7/18 Na|Mg Al ci] ar aujun| 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 w 1 _ 12 {20 364s | s095 19 | 20] 21 | 22] 23] 24] 25] 26 | 27 | 28] 29 | 30| 31 35 | 36 K | Ca] Se] Ti] V | Cr|Mn| Fe| Co} Ni | Cul Zn] Ga Br| Kr fe.102] anos | a4.s6 | a7 s0| 5094 | 52.00 | 54.04 | 55.05 |s.00 |s.21 | 62.55 | 5.7 | 60.72 | 72:50 | 74.92 | 70.6 [70.00] 63.0 37 [3a] a0] 40] a1] az] 43] 4a | a5 | a6 | a7 | a8 | a0 51 | 52 | 53| 54 Rb] Sr] ¥ | Zr | Nb|Mo| Te|Ru| Rh} Pd| Ag} Ca] tn Sb|Te| 1 | xe asar [ere | aust |s1.22 5291 | 5.¢ 1.07] 10294] 106 | so.e7| 112.40] 114 82310 6] 125.75 12.c0|126. 0) 121.9 35 | 56 72| 73] 74] 78| 76| 77 | 78 | 79| 80] 81 | #2 05 | 86 Cs} Ba Hf] Ta] W | Re] Os tr | Pt| Au] Ho| TI | Pb At] Rn s22.94|127.24|198.51]:70.40| 100.95] 109,25] 106.2 | 190.2 | 102.2 |rss.00]196.07|20080|204.27] 2072 a7 | 88 Fr] Ra ‘tanthanides {Ce | Pr |Nd |Pm |Sm|Eu |Gd|Tb | Dy |Ho Er |Tm|Yb| Lu sear2| wast |socce| [ase [sis zs [ssa | sso | saan | wrao | e050 | re | rer 0 | 91 | sz | a | o | 95 | 95 | a7 | 06 | 90 | 100 | 101 | 02 | 103 actinides |Th | Pa| U |Np | Pu |Am|Cm/Bk | Cf|Es|Fm|Md |No| Lr Page 3/4241st INTERNATIONAL ; Gesu ‘OLYMPIAD Ho va tén: UK JULY 18-27, 2008 86 bao danh: VNM - S4 Bai1 10% téng sé diém Tinh s6 Avogadro ta [tb] te [1d | te | tf | 19 | th] ti | tj | 1k | Téng 4[4[4[2{[1[2[s3{fe6]4]3 [3] 36 Cé nhidu phuong phdp xdc dinh sé Avogadro. Ba trong sé cdc phyong phap 46 dugc trinh bay du6i day. Phwong phap str dyng céc di kién nhiéu xa tia X (phuong phap hign dai) © mang co sé la don vj cdu tric nhé nhét dug lap lai trong c4u tric tinh thé. Phuong phap nhiéu xa tia X cho biét rang 6 mang co’ sé cla tinh thé vang 6 cdu trdic lp phurong tm dién (ttc [a tam cla mai nguyén tir nam & cac dinh cla hinh lap phuong va tam dim cia méi mat). Canh cia 6 mang bang 0,408 nm, a) Vé_phéc thao mét 6 mang co sé va tinh xem mdi 6 mang chira bao nhiéu nguyén tir Vé 6 mang co sé: ‘$6 nguyén tir Au trong mot 6 mang co sd: Page 4/424st INTERNATIONAL a tan: Ge? cise ‘OLYMPIAD Ho va ten: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $86 bao danh: VNM — S4 b) Khéi lugng riéng cla vang 1a 1,93.10* kg.m®., Hay tinh thé tich va khéi lueng ctia 6 mang lap phuong co sé. Thé tich: Khéi lugng: ¢) Tinh khéi lugng cua mét nguyén tl vang va sé Avogadro. Cho nguyén tir khéi lia vang la 196,97. Khdi lugng cia mét nguyén ti vang: ‘86 Avogadro: Phuong phap B - tir cdc dir kign phan ra phéng xa (Phuong phap Ro-zo-fo, 1911). Cho chu6i cdc phan ra bat dau tir Ra: 26pq —. 22pp 3854, 2109 LOM, 2uppy 28M, ar4p, 199m, Zipp 143HE zippy Z3Y. 2105) $0194, 210 13844. 206m Céc gid tr thdi gian ban hy ghi trong so dé ldy theo cdc don vi sau: y = nam, d = ngay, m = phit, s = giay. Phan ra dau tién c6 thdi gian ban huy rat dai so voi cdc phan ra khdc, dug ki higu bang chi ¢ dat trén mai tén. Page 5/4241st INTERNATIONAL a ten: © ‘CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD Ho va tén: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $6 bao danh: VNM - S4 d) Danh déu phan ra nao la phan ra, phan ré nao la phan ra B trong bang duéi aay: Phan da | Phan ra B Ra—> @Rn 2A —+*Po 2 p95 Ph 2p 4B) 2Bj__5 Po 24pp__5 2p 2p 205; 2B; 5 2p Po ™*Pb @) Mot mau chira 192 mg “Ra tinh khiét dug gitr trong 40 ngay. Bi theo chudi phan ra trén, hay xd dinh ddng vi nao (khéng ké Ra) la dng vj dau tién khéng dat duge trang thai c&n bang phéng xa. ) Bang cach aém sé nhép nhay, ngudi ta xac dinh dug ting téc a6 phat ra cdc hat a cla mau la 2,77.10"° Bg (Bq = 1 nhap nhay.s”). Sau 46, mau duge gitr trong binh kin trong théi gian 163 ngay. Hay tinh s6 hat « tao thanh. g) Két thic 163 ngay, mau chtra 10,4 mm* He do & 101325 Pa va 273 K. Hay tinh s6 Avogadro tir cc do kién trén, Page 6/4241st INTERNATIONAL a tan: ‘CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD Ho va tén: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 - S60 b4o danh: VNM - S4 h) Cho nguyén tir khéi cla 7°Ra, xdc dinh bang khéi phd, la 226,65. Hay sir dung gid tri sé Avogadro cho trong sch tra ctru (6,022.10 mol") aé tinh sé nguyén tir Ra c6 trong mAu ban dau n°ps, hang sé téc 46 phan ra 2 va thoi gian ban huy ty (tinh bang ném) cia Ra. Chi cdn quan tam cdc phan ra cho én khi tao thanh ddng vi da xdc dinh dugc & muc (e) va kh6ng ké dén cd sy phan ra cia Géng vj nay. 10, Re tie Page 7/42UK JULY 18-27, 2009 86 bao danh: VNM - S4 Phwong phap C - Sy phan bé hat (Perrin, 1909) M®ét trong c&c phuong phép chinh xdc dau tién dé xac dinh sé Avogadro 1a nghién ctu sy phan bé theo phuong thang ding cila cdc hat keo, duge nha tong hod trong nuéc, dui tac dung cia trong yc. Trong mot thi nghiém nhu vay, cdc hat cb ban kinh 2,12.107 m, khéi lveng riéng 1,206.10° kg.m® dure nhG twong hoa trong mét éng chira nudc & 15 °C. Sau thdi gian can dé dat dén can bang, ngwdi ta dém Gugc sé lvgng trung binh ciia cdc hat trong mét don vi thé tich, quan sat duc & 4 66 cao khdc nhau so véi day éng: 46 cao (10%m) 5 35 «165 «| 95 sé hat trung binh trong mot don vi thé tich > .00 | 1,88 | 0,90 | 0,48 1) Gia dinh cdc hat c6 hinh cau. Hay tinh: khéi Iugng m cla méi hat; khéi lugng nude bj hat chiém ch8 myzo; khéi lugng higu dyng cdn lai m* cia hat trong nuéc 68 higu dugc nguyén nhan cla sy ndi lo Ing (cha ¥ rang sire day lam vat ndi len lién quan véi thé tich nuée bj chiém ché). Cho khéi Iugng riéng cla nuéc la 999 kg.m~, Page 8/424st INTERNATIONAL ; Ge cass ‘OLYMPIAD Ho va tan: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $6 b4o danh: VNM ~ S4 © trang thai can bang, s6 hat trong mét don vi thé tich & nhtrng d6 cao khéc nhau 6 thé tuan theo phan bé Boltzmann: 2». CoH c h) Vé cc cdu tric cia J, K va L. J K Xip It H_véi mét long du epiclohidrin © va bazo’ cho mét monome bis-epoxit M. Ch&t M khong chia cdc nguyén tly clo hoc cdc nhém OH Page 33/4241st INTERNATIONAL an: GPs OLYMPIAD Ho va tin: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $6 bo danh: VNM - S4 i) Vé cdu tric ca M. Xt Ii H véi mot lugng dur nhé epiclohidrin va bazo tao ra N. Chat N cé dang: nhém cudi 1-{don vj lap lalje-nhom cudi 2, voi n x4p xi 10-15. Chat N khéng chira nguyén tir clo va cé mot nhém OH trén mBi don vi momome lp lai. i) Vé cu tric cla N & dang néu trén.(nhém cuéi 1-[don vi lap lai],-nhom cuédi 2). N kK) Vé Gon vj lap lai ca polime nhya epoxi O duge tao thanh tir phan tng cia bis-epoxit M voi etan-1,2-diamin. Page 34/42Yy 4151 INTERNATIONAL a ten: qe* sue ‘OLYMPIAD Howalien: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $6 bao danh: VNM - S4 Bai 6 12% cua tang sé diém Phic kim loai chuyén tiép 6a | 6b | 6c | 6d | Ge | of | 6g | 6h| Gi | Gj | 6k | 6! | Téng wilslsife[sl[2[s[2}l4[4lelel a Alfred Wemer ding ki thuat “am sé déng phan” dé suy ra cdc dang cAu tric clia cdc phivc kim loai cé sé phéi tri la 6, dn dén ba dang céu tric sau: x Y z Trong hinh vé cia mai cdu tric trén, cdc 6 tran trang dai dién cho nguyén ti trung tam, cc 6 tron den dai dién cho ligand (cdu ti). X 06 cdu tric luc gide phdng, Y la lang tru tam gidc, va Z la bat dién. Chi khi cd 6 ligand trong phic chat la giéng nhau, nghia la céng thtrc cia phir chat 1a MAg (A [a ligand), thi mi dang cu tric trén ch cé mot ddng phan. Khi mot hoac vai ligand khéng quang hoat A duge thay thé bdi céc ligand khong quang hoat khéc, m6i dang cu tric trén cé thé xudt hién cdc déng phn hinh hoc. i khi c6 thé cé mot vai ddng phan hinh hoc 6 hoat tinh quang hoc, khi dé mi déng phan hinh hoc ton tai & dang mét cap déi quang. a) —_Dién vao cdc 6 trong bang dui day s6 déng phan hinh hoc cé thé cé cho mai cAu tric X, Y, Z khi cdc ligand mét cng (don nha) A duge thay thé béi cdc ligand mét cang B, ho&c bai cdc ligand hai cang d6i xtng, ki higu C-C. Luu y rng cc ligand hai cang C-C chi thay thé vao cdc vj tri ké can nhau, nghia la vao cdc vj tri 6 néi voi nhau béi cdc dudng ké lién nét hoac dit nét trong cae cdu tric X, Y, va Z. Trong méi trvéng hyp, sau khi dién s6 déng phan hinh hoc vao cac 6 xac inh, néu mét déng phan hinh hoc tén tai dudi dang cp 461 quang thi danh thém mét d4u sao (*) vao bén canh sé déng phan hinh hoc. Néu cé hai ddng phan hinh hoc ¢é hai c&p d6i quang thi thém hai ddu sao, v.v... Vi dy, néu Page 35/424161 INTERNATIONAL : CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD Bowaien: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 . S6 bdo danh: VNM - S4 cho rang mét cdu tric nao dé cé nam déng phan hinh hoe, ba trong s6 d6 co cc cap d6i quang, vay sé ghi la 5***. 6 ding phan hinh hoc dy doan Luc giae phang X Lang try tam giac Y | Bat dién Z MAs 1 1 1 MAB MABz MAB MA(C—C) MAA(C-C)2 M(C~C)s Thy té chura c6 phire chdt ndo duge biét & dang luc giac phang X. Nhung cac céu tric lang tru tam gidc Y va bat dién Z déu dugc biét dén. Trong cdc phitc chat nay, céc orbital d cli nguyén tty kim loai bj tach thanh céc mic nang Iugng khdc nhau tiy thuée vao dang hinh hoc cla phive chat. Dudi day la so dé tach mtrc nang lugng cac orbital d cia phtre chat lang tru tam gidc va phirc chat bat dién. E bs fp ‘D6 phan tach nang lugng AE, AE"va AE” thay di theo tlng phe chat. Page 36/4241st INTERNATIONAL én: ee 86 bao danh: VNM - S4 b) —_Trong cdc so dd tach mirc nang Iugng sau, hay viét t8n cdc orbital d tuong ing v6i cac mire nang leng. Ca hai phire chat [Mn(H2O)el®* va [Mn(CN)e)* du cé cu tric bat dién. Biét rang, mét trong hai phtre chat trén cé momen tir la 5,9 BM, va chat cdn lai cd momen tir la 3,8 BM, nhung thi sinh phai ty xdc dinh gid tri momen tir nao [a cia chat nao. ¢) Hay dién cdc electron ciia hai phic chat trén vao cdc gidn dd dudi day. [Mn(H20)¢]* [Mn(CN)¢]2- Page 37/4241st INTERNATIONAL a tan: Ge* csr OLYMPIAD poate ‘UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $6 bao danh: VNM - S4 Momen ti do durgc clia mét trong hai phirc chat A va B cho duéi day la 1,9 BM, momen tir cla phire ch&t cén lai la 2,7 BM, nhung thi sinh phai ty xae dinh gid tr momen tir nao la cia chat nao. a CeHs: S. S. N Re Cats ye Ns CeHs Banied ST Cas 2 L Is A B d) —_-Vé gidn dé tach mic nang lugng cling voi sy sdp xép cdc electron cla hai phire chat trén. A B Phire chat bat dién rt phd bién so voi phirc chat lang try tam giéc. Werner da cé lap duge nm hyp chat tir C - G chi chtra Co(IIl), Cl, va NHs, tt cd cdc hop chat nay d&u c6 cAu tric mét bat dién. (Ngoai ra, cdn mét hop chat thir s4u nia, nhung Wemer khéng cé lap dug hep chat 46). D6 dn dién mol cia nam hyp chat cia Werner dugc cho & bang bén dudi. Cac gid tri 46 dan dién 46 dugc ngoai suy dén ndng 46 v6 cling loaing va dug biéu dién bang thang don vj nao d6 (tly y). Biét G khéng phan ting voi dung dich AgNOs; cdc hyp chat C, D, va E phan tng theo cdc ti lugng khac nhau véi dung dich AgNOs; E va F phan tng theo tf long nhu nhau véi dung dich AgNOs, c D — F G 56 an Aen | 59 372 249 249 ~0 Page 38/42Cc 41st INTERNATIONAL . qe? sue OLYMPIAD Bova) en: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $6 bao danh: VNM - S4 e) —_ Hay d8 nghi cdu tric cla cdc hyp chat tr C - G. c D E F G Werner cGing la ngudi dau tién tach roi duge hai dang déi quang ctia H. Hop chat H 06 cu tric bat dién va khéng chia nguyén tir cacbon. Thanh phan cia hgp chét H gdm coban, amoniae, clorua va oxi; trong 46 oxi chi nam trong mét loai nhém, c6 thé [a mét trong ba nhém sau: H2O, HO™ hoc O*. lon coban nam trong phéi tri bat dién. Cé thé loai bé dé dang tAt cA cdc ion clorua trong hop chat nay bang cach chudn 46 v6i dung dich bac nitrat. Can 22,8 cm? dung dich bac nitrat 0,100 M a@ phan trng hét v6i clorua trong 0,2872 g hep chat H (khéng chira nuréc két tinh), Page 39/4241st INTERNATIONAL a ten: qe gue OLYMPIAD Ho va tén: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $6 bao danh: VNM - S4 f) Tinh phan tram khéi lung cia ion clorua trong hop chat H. H bén trong axit, nhung bj thy phan trong kiém. Dun néng mét mAu 0,7934 g hop cht H (khéng chira nuéc két tinh) véi dung dich natri hidroxit du, tao thanh cobaniII} oxit va amoniac. Amoniac tao thanh duc chung cét ra khdi hé phan tng va cho h4p thy hét vao 50,0 em* dung dich HC! 0,500 M. Tiép theo, can ding 24,8 cm® dung dich KOH 0,005 M dé trung hda lugng acid HCI du. Hé nhG turong can Iai chiza coban(Ill) oxit duge lam nguéi, rdi thém vao khoang 1 g kali iodua rdi axit hoa bing dung dich HCI. 82 chudn d6 hét lung iot ty do tao thanh tir phan ting trén, cn 21,0 cm® dung dich natri thiosunfat 0,200 M. g) Tinh phan tram khéi lugng amoniac trong H. Page 40/4244st INTERNATIONAL an: CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD Ho va tan: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $6 bao danh: VNM - S4 hh) Viét phuong trinh biéu dién phan teng héa hoc gidra coban((II) oxit voi kali jodua trong dung dich axit. i) Tinh phan tram khéi lng cla coban trong H. i) Xécdinh nhém chia oxi c6 trong H. Luu y viét ra cdc tinh toan cn thiét. Page 41/4241st INTERNATIONAL a ten: Ge? cere OLYMPIAD Ho va tin: UK JULY 18-27, 2009 $6 béo danh: VNM - S4 k) Xe dinh cong thire the nghiém ca H. ) Hay dé nghi mét cdu trac cho hyp chat quang hoat H. Page 42/42