PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH.

PUTRAJAYA, 2007

1.4(a) UNDERSTANDING MEASUREMENTS

VERNIER CALLIPER

0.0 cm 1.0 cm

10 Division = 0.9 cm

1 Division = ……………. cm

ZERO ERROR

MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE

ZERO ERROR

Negative Zero error

Positive Zero error

0
0 0

Zero error = - 0.01 mm

Zero error = + 0.01 mm

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 PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH. PUTRAJAYA, 2007

PROBLEM SOLVING –VERNIER CALLIPER

1. Take a reading

i) ii)
7 8 5 6

0 10 0 10
=_____________________ =_____________________

iii) iv)
8 9 1 2

0 10 0 10
=_____________________ =_____________________

2. Zero error

i) ii)
0 1 0 1

0 10 0 10

=_____________________ =_____________________

0 1
iii) 0 1 iv)

0 10
0 10
= =_____________________ =_____________________

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 PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH. PUTRAJAYA, 2007

3. Final reading

i) Zero error = + 0.02 cm ii) Zero error = - 0.06 cm

6 7 3 4

0 10 0 10

4. Special feature

i) ii)

? ?

6 7 6 7

0 10 0 10

A. Micrometer Screw Gauge

1. Take a reading

i) ii)

0 5 10
0 0 5 10
10

45
5

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 PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH. PUTRAJAYA, 2007

2. Zero Errors

0 5 10
0 5 10
10 0

5 45

(i)=________________ (ii) = ____________________

0 5 10 0 5 10
5
0

45 0

(iii) =_________________ (iv) =_______________

0 5 10
0 50 10
0

45
45

(v) = _____________________ (vi) = ___________________

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 PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH. PUTRAJAYA, 2007

3. Final reading

i) Zero error = + 0.03 mm ii) Zero error = - 0.03 mm

0 5 10 0 5 4010
20

35
15

= ________________________ =_____________________

ii) Zero error = - 0.09 mm iii) Zero error = + 0.14 mm

0 5 10 0 5 10

0 45

45 40

= ________________________ =_____________________

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 PN HAZIAH AWANG LAH, SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH. PUTRAJAYA, 2007

1.4(b) SENSITIVITY, ACCURACY, PRECISION AND ERROR IN MEASUREMENT

SENSITIVITY :
___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

 The smallest scale division on the measuring instruments shows the sensitivity of the instruments
 More sensitive, more finer the scale division

ACCURACY :
____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

 On the target position

PRECISION :
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

 All the values of the measurements are close each other

 The smaller the unit the more precise the measurement is

Not precise and not

Precise and accurate Precise but not accurate
not accurate

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RANDOM AND SYSTEMATIC ERROR

Random Error Systematic error

How the error occur

How to reduce

Examples

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