T 18 Lp C Khi Y10 Bi tp Vt l L sinh 2

Page 1 Kawachi Takayuki

BI TP GIAO THOA NH SNG
Mt ngun sng n sc pht ra nh sng c bc sng =0,6m. chiu nh sng trn vo 2 khe
h hp song song cch nhau a=1mm v cch u ngun sng. Trn mt mn nh t song song
v cch mt phng cha 2 khe mt on D=1m ta thu c mt h thng vn giao thoa.
a. Tnh khong vn i nu ton h thng t trong khng kh.
b. Xc nh v tr 3 vn ti u tin.
c. t trc 1 trong 2 khe mt bn mng phng, trong sut c 2 mt song song, dy e=12m
v chit sut n=1,5. Khi h vn c g thay i? xc nh dch chuyn.
d. Nu khng t bn mng m vo khong gia mn nh v 2 khe mt cht lng th
ngi ta thy b rng ca mi khoang vn by gi l i=0,45mm. Tnh chit sut ca cht
lng.

Gii
a. Do ton h thng t trong ko kh nn hiu quang l
= d2 d1
Do a<<D v x<<D
Nn d2 d1 (a.x)/D

. a x
D
o =
Ta xt iu kin ti M l vn ti:
1
( )
2
k o = + vi k l s nguyn

. 1 1 .
( ) ( )
2 2
a x D
k x k
D a

= + = + (1)

Khong vn i chnh l khong cch gia 2 vn ti lin tip:
1
1 . 1 .
( 1 ) ( )
2 2
k k
D D
i x x k k
a a

+
= = + + + =
Th s vo, ta c i = 0,6mm

b. V tr 3 vn ti u tin:
Ln lt th k = 0, 1, 2 vo (1) ta c: 0,3mm; 0,9mm; 1,5mm

c. Hiu quang l:
2 ( 1 ) 2 [ 1 ( 1) ] 2 1 ( 1) d d e ne d d n e d d n e o = + = + =
. '
( 1)
a x
n e
D
o =
Ta xt iu kin ti M l vn ti:
1
( )
2
k o = + vi k l s nguyn

. ' 1 1 . .
( 1) ( ) ' ( ) ( 1)
2 2
a x D e D
n e k x k n
D a a

= + = + + (2)
Khong vn lc ny :
1
.
' ' ' ...
k k
D
i x x i
a

+
= = = = (3)
S1S2 = a
IO = D
MO = x
S1
S2
O
M d1
d2
I
S1
S2
O
M d1
d2
I
S1S2 = a
IO = D
MO = x
T 18 Lp C Khi Y10 Bi tp Vt l L sinh 2

Page 2 Kawachi Takayuki
T (1), (2) v (3) ta thy : Khi t bn mng e vo sau 1 trong 2 khe th trn mn nh ta thu
c mt h vn giao thoa vi khong vn nh c, h vn mi thu c ny chnh l h
vn c dch chuyn i mt on
.
( 1)
e D
n
a

d. Hiu quang l : = nd1 nd2 = n(d1 d2) = n(a.x/D)
k ti M l 1 vn sng :
. .
.
a x D
n k x k
D n a

o
| |
= = =
|
\ .

Khong vn :
1
.
'' ...
.
k k
D
i x x
n a

+
= = =
Theo bi ta c : i = 0,45 => n = 4/3



BI TP NHIU X NH SNG
1. Mt ngun sng im n sc =0,5m chiu vo 1 l trn bn knh r = 1mm. Khong cch t
ngun n l trn l R = 1m. Tm khong cch t l trn n im quan st l trn ch cha
3 i Fresnen ?
Gii :
Cng thc :
k
Rbk
R b

p =
+


Ti im quan st m l trn ch cha 3 i cu
th bk l trn phi = bk i cu th 3 :
2
2
2
3
k
Rbk Rbk b r
r r
R b R b R b Rk

p

= = = = =
+ + +

b = 2m.


2. Chiu as n sc =0,5m vo 1 l trn bk cha bit. Ngun sng im t cch l trn 2m,
sau l trn 2m c t mn quan st. Hi bk l trn = bao nhiu tm hnh nx l ti nht ?
Gii :
tm hnh nx l ti th l trn ch cha 2 i cu : k=2
Khi , bk l trn phi = bk i cu th 2 : 1
k
Rbk
r mm
R b

p = = =
+



3. Mt mn nh t cch ngun =0,5m mt khong 2m. chnh gia khong y c 1 l trn
ng knh 0,2cm. Hi hnh nx trn m c tm sng hay ti ?
Gii :
Ta c : 0,1
k
Rbk
r cm
R b

p = = =
+
=>
2
( )
4
r R b
k
Rb
+
= = chn => tm hnh nx l ti
Tm tt:
=0,5m
r = 1mm
R = 1m
k = 3, b = ?
T 18 Lp C Khi Y10 Bi tp Vt l L sinh 2

Page 3 Kawachi Takayuki


4. Gia ngun sng v mn quan st c t 1 l trn vi bk thay i c. Khong cch gia l trn
v ngun sng l R=100cm, gia l trn v mn l b=125cm. Xc nh bc sng nu tm nx
c sng cc i khi bk l l r1 = 1mm v c sng cc i tip theo khi bk ca l l r2 =
1,29mm.
Gii :
Gi s tm hnh nx sng cc i khi c k i cu, th khi tm hnh nx sng cc i ln tip theo
l c k+2 i cu.
Khi c k i cu, ta c :
2
1 1
.
k
Rbk R b
r k r
R b Rb

p
+
= = =
+

Khi c k+2 i cu, ta c :
2 2
2 2 2 2
( 2)
( 2) . 2 .
k
Rb k R b R b
r k r k r
R b Rb Rb

p
+
+ + +
= = + = + =
+


( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 2 1
. 2 . ...
2
R b R b R b
r r r r
Rb Rb Rb

+ + +
+ = = =


5. Mt chm tia sng song song =0,589m chiu thng gc vi mt khe hp c b rng b=2m.
Hi nhng cc tiu nx dc quan st di nhng gc nx = bao nhiu (so vi phng ban u) ?
Gii :





Cc tiu nx => sin = k.( /b) vi k = 1, 2, ... => =


6. Chiu mt chm tia sng song song n sc vo mt khe hp. Bc sng ca as ti bng 1/6
b rng ca khe. Hi cc tiu nx th ba dc quan st vi gc lch bao nhiu ?
Gii :
Ta c : Cc tiu nx th ba =>
0
1 1
sin 3. 3. 30
6 2 b

m m = = = =


7. Chiu 1 chm tia sng // n sc =4358,34 vung gc vi 1 cch t truyn qua. Tm gc
lch ng vi vch quang ph th 3 bit rng trn 1mm ca cch t c 500 vch.
Gii :
Cng thc : d.sin = k. (d : chu k cch t)

Theo bi => d = (1.10^-3)/500 = 2.10^-6
ng vi vch quang ph th 3 =>
10
0
6
3.4358, 34.10
sin 40 49'
2.10
m m

= =

Cc tiu: sin . k
b

m = vi k = 1, 2, ...
Cc i:
1
sin ( ).
2
k
b

m = + vi k = 1, 2, 3,...
T 18 Lp C Khi Y10 Bi tp Vt l L sinh 2

Page 4 Kawachi Takayuki
8. Vch quang ph ng vi bc sng =0,5461m trong quang ph bc 1 ca hi thu ngn dc
quan st vi gc =19
0
8. Hi s vch trn 1mm ca cch t.
Gii :
6
0
. 1.0, 5461.10 1
600
sin sin19 8'
k
d n
d

m

= = = =


9. Mt chm tia sng dc ri vung gc vi 1 cch t. Bit rng gc nhiu x i vi vch quang
ph 1 = 0,65m trong quang ph bc 2 bng 1 = 45
0
. Xc nh gc nx ng vi vch quang
ph = 0,50m trong quang ph bc 3.
Gii :
Ta c :

1 1
1 1 1
1
0 0
1
1 1
1 1
1
.
.sin .
sin
. . . 3.0, 5
.sin . sin .sin sin45 54 40'
.
. 2.0, 65
sin
k
d k d
k k k
d k
k
d k

m
m

m m m m

m
= =
= = = = = =