Mon: Hoa hoc

ON THI AI HOC
BO TR KIEN THC
(
Axit
Axit
co
co

t
t

nh kh
nh kh

:
:
HCl
HCl
, HI )
, HI )
Bai 5:
Ccm 3 ccng thuc pu
Ccng thuc : 0x|t pu vc| Ax|t |co| :
Ccng thuc 2: 0x|t pu vc| Ax|t |co| 2:
( HC|, H
2
50
4
|cong,...|
( HN0
3
, H
2
50
4
doc|
Ccng thuc 3: 0x|t pu vc| Ax|t |co| 3:
( HC| , H|,... |
Ccng thuc
0x|t pu vc| Ax|t |co|
0x|t KL + Ax|t |co|
(Pu 1roc dc||
(HC|, H
2
50
4
|cong,...|
Muc| + H
2
0
Ccng thuc 2:
0x|t pu vc| ox|t |co| 2
0x|t KL + Ax|t |co| 2 Muc| + H
2
0+ 5P khu
( pu cx| hco khu|
KL: o hco tr|
Hco tr| KL: 1hop
cK:
Hco tr| coc nhot
(HN0
3
, H
2
50
4
doc|
Cac cong thc ky trc
(HCl, HI,)
0x|t KL phon ung vc|
Ax|t cc t|nh khu
Muoi + H
2
O +
( p oxi hoa kh)
KL: a hoa tr
Hoa tr KL : Cao
Cong thc 3:
K:
Oxit KL +Axit loai 3
Hoa tr Thap nhat
Spham
oxi hoa
Gi y:
9Giai e thi , thng ch gap: HCl, HI
9 Thng e se gi y e biet
HCl, HI la axit loai 3
V du: e gi y HI I
2
; HCl Cl
2
Ap dung:
Viet cac phan ng sau
a. Fe
x
O
y
+ HI I
2
+ . . .
b. MnO
2
+ HCl Cl
2
+ . . .
Gi y:
a. Fe
x
O
y
+ HI I
2
+ . . .
a. Fe
x
O
y
+ HI
HI
Axit loai 3
C.thuc 3
+ Fe I
+H
2
O
I
2
?
Hco tr|
sot 7
II
2
Muoi + H
2
O +
( p oxi hoa kh)
KL: a hoa tr
Hoa tr KL : Cao
Cong thc 3:
K:
Oxit KL + Axit loai 3
Hoa tr Thap nhat
Spham
oxi hoa
(*)
(HCl, HI,)
Hco tr|
thop nhot
Fe (||,||||
Voy: Fe
x
0
y
+ H| |
2
+ Fe |
2
+ H
2
0
(HQCHN 2000|
b. MnO
2
+ HCl Cl
2
+ . . .
Gi y:
b. MnO
2
+ HClCl
2
+ . . .
b. MnO
2
+HCl
HCl
Axit loai 3
C.thuc 3
+ FeCl
+H
2
O
Cl
2
?
Hco tr|
sot 7
II
2
Ap dung1:
Viet cac phan ng sau
a. Fe
x
O
y
+ HI I
2
+FeI
2
+ H
2
O.
Muoi + H
2
O +
( p oxi hoa kh)
KL: a hoa tr
Hoa tr KL : Cao
Cong thc 3:
K:
Oxit KL + Axit loai 3
Hoa tr Thap nhat
Spham
oxi hoa
(*)
(HCl, HI,)
Hco tr|
thop nhot
Fe (||,||||
Voy: Mn0
2
+ HC|C|
2
+ Fe C|
2
+ H
2
0

TONG KET :
0X|1 phon ung vc| AX|1
Cong thc 1:
0x|t pu vc| Ax|t |co|
0x|t KL + Ax|t |co|
(HC|, H
2
50
4
|cong,...|
Muc| + H
2
0
Cong thc 2: 0x|t pu vc| Ax|t |co| 2
Cong thc 3: 0x|t pu vc| Ax|t |co| 3
Muc| +H
2
0+ 5Pkhu
KL : o hco tr|
Hco tr| KL: 1hop
K:
0x|t KL +Ax|t |co| 2
(HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
ac)
Hco tr| coc nhot
Muc| + H
2
0+
KL: o hco tr|
Hco tr| KL : Coc
K:
0x|t KL +Ax|t |co| 3
5phom
cx| hco
(HC|, H|,|
Hco tr| 1hop nhot
Ap dung 2:
Chc phon ung
M
2
0
n
+ HN0
3
M(N0
3
|
3
+ N0 + H
2
0 (|
o. Con bong pu (| bong
phucng phop con bong d|en tu.
b. 1|m n de (| |o :
- phon ung troc dc|
- phon ung cx| hco khu.
(HQC 1P. HCM 8|
MOT SO GI Y:
-Thng e thi trien khai nhieu tren
cong thc 1 va cong thc 2.
-Rieng cong thc 3 ch can e y
2 p phan ap dung cong thc 3.
-e van dung tot cong thc 2, ta can
xem lai cach can bang p oxi hoa kh :
9Cach tnh so oxi hoa.
9Cac bc can bang p oxi hoa kh
bang pp can bang ien t.
-Oxit cua KL co 1 hoa tr, th p luon
xay ra theo cong thc 1.