Sach giao khoa T phap quc t ca i hc lut Ha ni Sach chuyen khao ve t phap quoc te T phap quc t Le Th Nam Giang

T phap quc t ( 3 tp ) Nguyn Ngc Lam T phap quc t Viet nam Vn i Tap ch Tap ch Thong tin khoa hoc phap ly Tap ch Luat hoc Tap ch nghien cu phap ly Van ban Trong nc Bo luat dan s va bo luat to tung dan s Ngh nh 138/2006 hng dan thi hanh Luat tng tr t phap Quoc te Hiep nh tng tr t phap gia Viet nam vi cac nc ( 14 hiep nh )

TONG QUAN VE T PHAP QUOC TE I Khai niem t phap quoc te Lch s ra i cua t phap quoc te : The ky th 5 sau cong nguyen, e quoc La ma tan ra va hnh thanh nen cac quoc gia chau Au cung vi s phat trien manh me cac hoat ong giao thng. Trong khi o, phng ong van han che viec i lai, hng noi, t cung t cap cac qui che phap ly mi dan dan hnh thanh, bao gom 2 qui che c ban Qui che phap ly nhan than chu s ieu chnh cua phap luat cua nc ang sinh song Qui che phap ly lanh tho phai chu s ieu chnh cua phap luat s tai Vao the ky 19, thuat ng t phap quoc te chnh thc ra i My va c s dung pho bien tren the gii T Quan he gia ca nhan to chc, khong co s tham gia cua yeu to quyen lc nha nc ( Cong Quan he co s tham gia cua yeu to quyen lc nha nc ) Phap Luat Quoc te Lien quoc gia, yeu to nc ngoai T phap quoc te la phap luat ve quan he gia cac ca nhan to chc co yeu to nc ngoai Mot so quoc gia nh Uc, Anh, My khong co khai niem ve luat quoc te ma ap dung khai niem Luat xuat phat t quan iem la nhiem vu c ban nhat cua t phap quoc te xung ot ( conflict of law ) la giai quyet xung ot phap luat gia cac he thong phap luat cua cac quoc gia

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Nhng trong thc te, t phap quoc te con thc hien nhieu nhiem vu khac ben canh nhiem vu giai quyet xung ot thuat ng t phap quoc te van pho bien T phap quoc te la 1 nganh luat quoc gia ( tuy co tnh lien quoc gia ) va luon luon gan lien vi 1 quoc gia van nam trong pham vi phap luat cua quoc gia Chu y Khong nen ghep chung cong phap vi t phap do oi tng ieu chnh la khac nhau : cong phap ap dung cho cac quoc gia, t phap ap dung cho ca nhan Luat quoc te khong giai quyet cac vu viec cho ca nhan n le V du A cong dan Viet nam va B cong dan Viet nam ang c tru My. B quyet nh au t ve Viet nam e kinh doanh bat ong san va nh A ng ten cho cac tai san tai Viet nam. Nhng sau o, A a chiem oat toan bo tai san va B a khi kien. Toa nao se thu ly ? Lut no s p dng ? Neu B la ngi nc ngoai ? II oi tng ieu chnh va phng phap ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te 1oi tng ieu chnh La cac quan he xa hoi ( ma phap luat nham en e ieu chnh ) ton tai khach quan ( khac vi quan he phap luat ton tai theo y ch cua nha nc ) co nhng ac thu rieng : nhng quan he co tnh chat dan s ( t ) va co yeu to nc ngoai Tnh dan s Chu the a phan la ca nhan, phap nhan, khong mang yeu to cong quyen Quan he c xac lap tren nguyen tac t do t nguyen va bnh ang Khach the la li ch cua ca nhan, nhu cau hang ngay, gan lien vi i song dan s Y ch cua cac ben ong vai tro quyet nh Chu y Tnh chat cua quan he c xac nh theo chu the, cach thc thiet lap quan he, muc ch cua quan he, noi dung cua quan he Yeu to nc ngoai ieu 758 luat dan s 2005 qui nh ch can thoa man 1 trong 3 yeu to sau ay th c xem la quan he co yeu to nc ngoai Chu the co yeu to nc ngoai : co the bao gom ca nha nc, Ca nhan 1 ben chu the la ngi nc ngoai hay ngi Viet nam nh c nc ngoai Phap nhan 1 ben chu the la phap nhan nc ngoai Chu y Phap luat Viet nam can c vao ni ang ky thanh lap la nc ngoai e xac nh quoc tch cua phap nhan. Tuy nhien co quoc gia can c vao ni at tru s chnh cua doanh nghiep e xac nh quoc tch nc ngoai Quoc gia 1 ben chu the khong phai la quoc gia s tai

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Chu y Phai phu thuoc vao s cong nhan cua chnh quoc gia s tai cung nh che nh cong nhan cua luat quoc te Khach the co yeu to nc ngoai Tai san hay hanh vi lien quan nam nc ngoai V du Hp ong mua ban ky ket nc ngoai Hp ong gia cong ky Viet nam nhng hoat ong gia cong thc hien nc ngoai Hai cong dan Viet nam cung gop tien mua nha My va tranh chap ve quyen s hu S kien phap ly phat sinh hay thay oi co yeu to nc ngoai La s kien lam phat sinh thay oi cham dt quan he xay ra nc ngoai V du Cong dan Viet nam du lch nc ngoai gap nan va quyet nh lap di chuc nc ngoai s kien chet lam phat sinh quan he tha ke & viec lap di chuc quyet nh ban chat cua quan he tha ke : theo di chuc v xay ra nc ngoai nen co yeu to nc ngoai Chu y Neu khong xac nh c theo ni xay ra s kien th se xac nh theo he thong phap luat tac ong len s viec V du Ngi du lch neu chet tren tau bien trong vung bien quoc te th se ap dung he thong phap luat cua quoc gia ma tau mang quoc tch Quan he lao ong, hon nhan gia nh, thng mai, tha ke eu co the la quan he dan s pham vi ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te kha rong va co tnh lien he vi nhieu nganh luat khac trong phap luat quoc gia oi tng ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te khong ch bao gom cac quan he phap luat noi dung ma con ieu chnh 1 so quan he to tung, co tnh chat ac thu rieng cua t phap quoc te. V du : cong nhan thi hanh ban an, tng tr t phap thuat ng Luat xung ot khong bao ham c nhng noi dung nay nh thuat ng t phap quoc te Y ngha Gup phan biet c quan he la oi tng ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te vi quan he la oi tng ieu chnh cua cac nganh luat cong hay cac nganh luat khac trong nc Ap dung ung phap luat e giai quyet chnh xac Xac nh c tham quyen giai quyet cua cac c quan nha nc 2Phng phap ieu chnh La cach thc nganh luat tac ong len cac oi tng thuoc pham vi ieu chnh nham at c muc tieu mong muon. Moi mot nganh luat co phng phap ieu chnh ac thu khac nhau. V du : nganh luat dan s : thoa thuan, nganh luat hanh chnh : menh lenh, nganh luat hnh s : quyen uy phuc tung, T phap quoc te co 2 phng phap ieu chnh

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Phng phap thc chat ( trc tiep giai quyet van e ) T phap quoc te tac ong len cac oi tng thuoc pham vi ieu chnh thong qua cac qui pham phap luat thc chat ( la qui pham qui nh 1 cach cu the cach thc hanh x cua cac chu the lien quan ) c ap dung pho bien va la phng phap ieu chnh c ban cua t phap quoc te Chu y Phan ln cac qui pham phap luat trong nc la qui pham phap luat thc chat V du Hp ong dan s ch c xem la hp phap khi c lap thanh van ban va c cong chng Co the c ghi nhan trong he thong phap luat quoc gia ( qui pham thc chat thong thng ) Ga tr rang buoc ch trong pham vi quoc gia cac ieu c quoc te ( qui pham thc chat thong nhat ) Ga tr rang buoc oi vi tat ca cac quoc gia lien quan V du Viec ket hon gia chang trai Viet nam 20 tuoi va co gai Phap 18 tuoi la hp phap u nhc iem Phng phap nay giup giai quyet hieu qua, a ra c cau tra li trc tiep, cu the nhng So lng cac ieu c quoc te ky ket th cha nhieu va so lng qui pham thc chat trong moi ieu c lai khong nhieu c s ap dung con han che Khong co kha nang thay oi ng bien linh hoat e thch ng c vi toc o phat trien cua cac quan he dan s quoc te. V du : khi muc tieu han che gia tang dan so khong con na th qui nh ve la tuoi ket hon se khong con phu hp Viec xay dng, ky ket kha phc tap, ton nhieu thi gian, cong sc Phng phap xung ot ( gian tiep giai quyet van e ) T phap quoc te tac ong len cac oi tng thuoc pham vi ieu chnh thong qua cac qui pham phap luat xung ot V du Viec ket hon tai Viet nam gia chang trai Nga 18 tuoi va co gai Phap 18 tuoi cung hp phap, nhng phai vien dan thong qua luat hon nhan gia nh cua Viet nam Co the c ghi nhan trong he thong phap luat quoc gia ( qui pham thc chat thong thng ) Ga tr rang buoc ch trong pham vi quoc gia. V du a so cac qui pham trong chng 7 bo luat dan s la qui pham xung ot thong thng cac ieu c quoc te ( qui pham thc chat thong nhat ) Ga tr rang buoc oi vi tat ca cac quoc gia lien quan V du Qui pham trong hiep nh tng tr va hp tac t phap vi Nga la qui pham xung ot thong nhat u nhc iem Phng phap nay co the giup cac c quan co tham quyen giai quyet c nhieu van e, co tnh thch ng cao. Viec xay dng qui pham xung ot kha n gian, hieu qua, linh hoat.

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Khong can nhieu qui pham xung ot e thch ng vi tng quan he cu the, tham ch co the s dung 1 qui pham xung ot cho mot hay nhieu nhom quan he. Nhng cac qui pham xung ot ch giai quyet gian tiep van e cho cac oi tng thuoc pham vi ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te Hai phng phap c phoi hp s dung ong thi nham at hieu qua cao nhat trong thc te : neu co qui pham thc chat th ap dung e giai quyet trc tiep, neu khong co th ap dung qui pham xung ot Chu y Neu van e can giai quyet khong c qui nh bi qui pham thc chat lan qui pham xung ot ieu chnh th se ap dung bien phap tng t III Chu the cua t phap quoc te 1 Khai niem Chu y Nha nc cung co tham gia vao quan he phap luat dan s. V du : di san khong ngi tha ke se thuoc ve nha nc, cong ty ky ket hp ong vi nha nc e thc hien d an cong Chu the cua t phap quoc te la cac chu the tham gia vao quan he ma t phap quoc te ieu chnh, Chu the cua t phap quoc te thng the hien yeu to nc ngoai ( 1 ben hay ca 2 ben ) Chu the pho bien cua t phap quoc te la cac the nhan va phap nhan, ngoai ra nha nc cung co the tham gia quan he trong nhng trng hp cu the ca biet 2 Cac nhom chu the cua t phap quoc te A Ca nhan Ngi nc ngoai Ngi nc ngoai la ngi khong co quoc tch cua quoc gia s tai ( ni c quan co tham quyen ang giai quyet van e ), bao gom Ngi co quoc tch nc ngoai ( co the a quoc tch nhng phai khong co quoc tch Viet nam ) Ngi khong co quoc tch khong co lien he mat thiet vi 1 he thong phap luat cua 1 quoc gia nao phai xac nh theo cac nguyen tac chung : ni sinh, ni sinh song Qui che phap ly ap dung cho ngi nc ngoai : da tren cac che o oi x c ban nh Che o toi hue quoc : Ngi nc ngoai t cac quoc gia nc ngoai khac nhau th c oi x tng t nhau Che o ai ngo nh cong dan : Hng quyen va ngha vu nh cong dan cua quoc gia s tai Che o co i co lai : Quoc gia A oi x tot vi cong dan cua B tng t quoc gia B oi x tot vi cong dan cua A, theo ngha tch cc Che o ai ngo ac biet : Nhan vien ngoai giao hng cac quyen va ngha vu ac biet Che o bao phuc quoc : Cung chnh la nguyen tac co i co lai nhng theo ngha tieu cc, dung e tra ua lan nhau Chu y Che o toi hue quoc va ai ngo nh cong dan thng c ap dung va ghi nhan trong cac ieu c quoc te http://www.ebook.edu.vn

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Nang lc phap luat dan s va nang lc hanh vi dan s cua ngi nc ngoai c luat dan s 2005 qui nh. V du ieu 761 luat dan s qui nh nang lc phap luat dan s cua ngi nc ngoai B Phap nhan nc ngoai Phap nhan nc ngoai la phap nhan khong mang quoc tch Viet nam Quoc tch cua phap nhan thng c xac nh theo Ni ang ky thanh lap cac nc ap dung luat thanh van Ni at tru s chnh cac nc ap dung luat bat thanh van ( Anh, My ) Ni tien hanh cac hoat ong kinh doanh chnh Trung ong Chu y Cung co trng hp quoc gia xac nh theo quoc tch cua chu tch cong ty, ngi co co phan cao nhat. Phap nhan cung co the co nhieu quoc tch ( ngha vu tang len, phai ong thue nhieu lan thng li bat cap hai, va gay kho khan trong viec quan ly, x ly phap nhan) Phap nhan luon phai chu tac ong ong thi cua 2 he thong phap luat : Phap luat cua quoc gia s tai Chi phoi cac hoat ong cu the cua phap nhan c tien hanh tren lanh tho quoc gia s tai Phap luat cua quoc gia ma phap nhan mang quoc tch Cac van e phap ly cua phap nhan : sap nhap, chia tach, giai the pha san se do phap luat cua quoc gia ma phap nhan mang quoc tch chi phoi Chu y Phap luat cua quoc gia s tai tuyet oi khong the can thiep vao cac van e phap ly cua phap nhan. Trong khi o phap luat cua quoc gia ma phap nhan mang quoc tch co the chi phoi cac hoat ong cu the cua phap nhan Qui che phap ly ap dung cho phap nhan se da tren che o toi hue quoc ( # qui che thng mai bnh thng vnh vien ) Nang lc phap luat dan s cua phap nhan c qui nh tai ieu 765 luat dan s C Quoc gia Quoc gia la chu the ac biet cua t phap quoc te: la chu the co chu quyen Phap luat cac nc eu tha nhan cac quyen mien tr cua quoc gia : Quyen mien tr t phap quoc gia khong the b xet x bi bat ky toa an cua bat ky quoc gia nao ( neu khong co s ong y cua chnh quoc gia o ), quoc gia khong b ap dung cac bien phap phap ly trong qua trnh to tung. V du phong toa tai khoan quoc gia c mien tr ap dung cac bien phap thi hanh an Quyen bat kha xam pham ve tai san Khong co chu the nao c x ly tai san quoc gia (neu khong co s ong y cua chnh quoc gia o ) Khong co he thong phap luat nao c x ly ??? ( quoc gia t x ly, theo qui nh cua phap luat quoc gia )

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Nham bao ve chu quyen cua quoc gia. Nhng trong thc te, quoc gia thng phai t bo 1 hay toan bo nhng quyen tren e co the thc hien ky ket, giao dch IV Nguon cua t phap quoc te 1 Khai niem Ve ly luan chung, nguon la ni xuat phat, la ni cha ng Nguon luat la ni cha ng cac qui pham phap luat, co the ton tai di 3 hnh thc Van ban qui pham phap luat Tap quan phap Tien le phap c ghi nhan trong cac ban an hay phan quyet trc ay ac iem Nguon cua t phap quoc te la cac hnh thc cha ng cac qui pham va nguyen tac c ap dung e ieu chnh oi vi cac quan he thuoc oi tng ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te Nguon cua t phap quoc te co the ton tai trong cac van ban qui pham phap luat, tap quan phap hay tien le phap oi tng ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te la cac quan he vt ra khoi bien gii quoc gia, lien quan en phap luat quoc te nguon cua t phap quoc te bao gom ieu c quoc te : Van ban qui pham phap luat Phap luat quoc gia : co the ton tai di bat ky hnh thc nao Tap quan quoc te : Tien le phap Cac loai nguon khac 2 Cac loai nguon cua t phap quoc te A ieu c quoc te La s thoa thuan gia cac quoc gia va cac chu the cua luat quoc te tren c s t nguyen, bnh ang nham xac lap cac quyen va ngha vu phap ly quoc te cua cac chu the V du Hiep nh tng tr t phap, Cong c Vien cha ng cac qui pham ieu chnh cac quan he thng mai Chu y Cac ieu c quoc te khi ap ng ieu kien co hieu lc ( qui nh trong phap luat quoc te va quoc gia, hay trong chnh ieu c ) th se tr thanh nguon cua cong phap quoc te e tr thanh nguon cua t phap quoc te, cac ieu c quoc te phai ong thi ap ng c 2 ieu kien ieu kien ve noi dung Cac ieu c quoc te phai nham muc ch ieu chnh hay co noi dung qui nh ve cac nhom quan he thuoc oi tng ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te V du Hiep nh tng tr t phap, hiep nh thng mai, au t, ieu c quoc te a phng, hiep nh ap dung cho hp ong la nguon cua t phap quoc te Hiep nh bien gii tren bo gia Viet nam va Trung quoc khong la nguon cua t phap quoc te do ch ieu chnh quan he ve bien gii gia 2 quoc gia ( quan he cong phap quoc te ) http://www.ebook.edu.vn
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ieu kien co hieu lc cua cac ieu c quoc te Ve chu the ky ket : phai la chu the cua luat quoc te va phai ung tham quyen c phap luat ( cua quoc gia hay cac to chc quoc te ) qui nh Ve hnh thc : phai c lap thanh van ban Chu y ieu c quan t ch la la li ha gia cac vua, khong c lap thanh van ban nhng c t nguyen ton trong tng c ap dung trong lch s nhng hien nay khong con gia tr Ve noi dung : phai am bao phu hp vi phap luat quoc te va cac nguyen tac chung cua phap luat ( tinh than phap luat : cong bang hp ly ) Phai c ky ket tren c s t nguyen va bnh ang ieu c quoc te vi t cach la nguon cua t phap quoc te se c ap dung e ieu chnh cac quan he quoc te trong cac trng hp Ap dung cho cac quoc gia thanh vien cua ieu c Cac ben chu the khong la cac quoc gia thanh vien cua ieu c trong quan he cung co the thoa thuan chon ieu c quoc te e ap dung ( khi khong trai vi phap luat cua cac quoc gia lien quan ) thng ap dung e giai quyet cac quan he hp ong Chu y Trong cong phap quoc te, cac quoc gia khong phai la thanh vien cua ieu c ap dung van co quyen s dung ieu c quoc te : nh la nhng qui pham tap quan theo thoa thuan la chon ieu c quoc te la loai nguon co gia tr phap ly cao nhat va luon c u tien ap dung e x ly Neu co s khac biet vi phap luat quoc gia th quoc gia se phai ap dung cac qui nh cua ieu c quoc te Chu y Ngoai le la Hoa ky khong ap dung u tien ieu c quoc te trong t phap quoc te Trong cong phap quoc te, ieu c quoc te ch la loai nguon c ban, khong co gia tr cao hn phap luat quoc gia B Phap luat quoc gia Phap luat quoc gia c coi la nguon cua t phap quoc te la toan bo he thong cua phap luat quoc gia, bao gom tat ca cac hnh thc nguon co the cha ng ben trong he thong : van ban, tap quan, an le Phap luat quoc gia la loai nguon pho bien va c ap dung rat rong rai trong t phap quoc te ( do so lng ieu c quoc te c ky ket con gii han, khac vi phap luat quoc gia co pham vi bao quat rat rong cac lnh vc khac nhau) Phap luat quoc gia se c ap dung e ieu chnh cac quan he t phap quoc te trong cac trng hp Co s dan chieu cua qui pham phap luat xung ot Da vao s thoa thuan gia cac ben V du Tuy co nhng trng hp ieu chnh ng nhien nh s ap dung cua phap luat quoc gia len ca nhan co quoc tch, nhng khi x ly thc te van can co s cu the hoa bang cac qui nh trong cac qui pham xung ot e cac c quan co tham quyen

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ap dung Cac quoc gia khong c ng nhien ap dung phap luat cua mnh e giai quyet Phap luat quoc gia la nguon cua t phap quoc te la loai nguon co gia tr phap ly cao va c u tien ap dung sau ieu c quoc te ( ch khi quoc gia la thanh vien cua ieu c quoc te ) C Tap quan quoc te Ve nguyen tac, tap quan la nhng cach thc x s co Tnh lch s truyen thong hnh thanh trong 1 thi gian dai Tnh on nh khong thay oi, thng xuyen, lap i lap lai c tha nhan rong rai trong 1 khu vc a ly hay trong 1 cong ong nao o Tnh hp phap phu hp vi cac qui nh cua phap luat, hay cac nguyen tac chung cua phap luat ( do tap quan thng c ap dung nhng lnh vc ma phap luat cha co qui nh cu the ) Tap quan quoc te la nguon cua t phap quoc te la nhng qui tac x s c hnh thanh lau i trong thc tien phap ly quoc te, c tha nhan rong rai trong 1 cong ong hay khu vc a ly nhat nh, c ap dung on nh thng xuyen, lap i lap lai, co noi dung phu hp vi phap luat quoc gia va phap luat quoc te Chu y Tap quan trong cong phap quoc te la cach thc hanh x cua cac chu the luat quoc te khac vi tap quan cua t phap quoc te la cach thc hanh x cua cac chu the ( quoc gia ) ca the trong cac quan he thuoc oi tng ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te V du Hanh x tren bien ong cua cac quoc gia la tap quan cua cong phap quoc te Hanh x cua cac chu tau trong khu vc cang hay vung bien la tap quan cua t phap quoc te Tap quan quoc te la loai nguon c ap dung chu yeu trong cac quan he thuoc lnh vc thng mai, hang hai. V du Quan he phap luat ve s hu khong ap dung tap quan ma ch ap dung phap luat quoc gia ma thoi tranh c s tuy tien trong giai quyet Trong khi o, tap quan phat huy vai tro rat tot trong lnh vc thng mai, hang hai Do ban chat cua cac quan he phap luat dan s khac ( dan s, hon nhan, lao ong ) co tnh chat on nh va thng nam trong pham vi ieu chnh cua cac qui nh cua phap luat quoc gia do khong qua phc tap. Nhng cac ieu kien trong quan he hp ong thng mai thng phu thuoc chu yeu vao s thoa thuan gia cac ben, rat phc tap, khong a vao khuon kho c Ap dung tap quan quoc te se hieu qua hn rat nhieu V du Incoterm giup han che tranh chap gia cac ben Cac qui pham tap quan quoc te c ghi nhan thng c xem la qui nh bo sung khi phap luat thc nh ( phap luat thanh van cu the ) khong co cac qui nh cu the phai phu hp vi phap luat, khong trai vi cac nguyen tac cua phap luat quoc gia Hay khi cac chu the trong quan he thoa thuan la chon tap quan e ap dung thoa thuan la chon phai phu hp vi phap luat, khong trai vi cac nguyen tac cua phap luat quoc gia Tap quan quoc te co gia tr phap ly thap hn ieu c quoc te va phap luat quoc gia Th t ap dung se la qui pham ieu c Phap luat quoc gia Tap quan quoc te

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Chu y Mot so quoc gia phng Tay co the chap nhan cac hoc thuyet chnh tr phap ly co the la nguon trong giai oan au tien nhng sau o th chung se tr thanh an le : la loai nguon quan trong giup cho phap luat ngay cang phat trien hoan thien Tuy vay hien nay Viet nam van cha tha nhan hnh thc nay V Moi quan he gia t phap quoc te va cac nganh luat khac 1 T phap quoc te va cong phap quoc te T phap quoc te chnh la luat t quoc te : Ban chat la luat t c ap dung tren pham vi quoc te Khong co moi quan he hu c ng nhien vi cong phap quoc te ( luat cong quoc te ) ma la 2 mang rieng biet do chu Chu y Khong the hieu la luat quoc te t : luat quoc te ap dung trong lnh vc t the luat quoc te la cac quoc gia, khong ton tai moi quan he t gia cac quoc gia Cac iem tng ong eu co tnh chat vt ra khoi quoc gia ( nhng mc o khac nhau ) T phap Va ra khoi bien gii Cong phap Bc vao bien gii quoc gia khac Cung s dung 1 so loai nguon : ieu c quoc te, tap quan Chu y ieu c cua t phap ng nhien la ieu c cua cong phap, nhng ieu c cua cong phap nhng khong ieu c cua t phap Con lai th cac phng phap ieu chnh, oi tng ieu chnh, chu the tham gia eu khac nhau hoan toan khong co iem chung c ban, khong co moi lien he hu c 2T phap quoc te vi cac nganh luat t trong nc oi tng ieu chnh Trc khi la quan he quoc te th quan he c ieu chnh a phai la oi tng ieu chnh cua cac nganh luat trong nc Phng phap ieu chnh cac phng phap ieu chnh ac thu cua cac nganh luat t trong nc cung c t phap quoc te s dung phu hp vi cac nganh luat tng ng cua cac nhom quan he cu the Qui pham phap luat Qui pham ac thu cua t phap quoc te van nam trong cac qui pham cua cac nganh luat trong nc Chu the chu the cua t phap quoc te cung trc het la cac chu the cua cac nganh luat trong nc, ch co them yeu to nc ngoai T phap quoc te co moi quan he hu c rat chat che khong the tach ri vi cac nganh luat t trong nc, c xay tren nen tang chung la phap luat quoc gia cac qui pham phap luat cua t phap quoc te khong can phai tach ra khoi phap luat quoc gia (ch con lai cac quan he to tung la oc lap) Chu y Cong phap nam tren phap luat quoc gia con t phap quoc te nam trong phap luat quoc gia khong co iem chung

Kiem tra

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Bai_giang_tu_phap_quoc_te.doc

10/32

Phan tch noi dung va y ngha cua cac quyen mien tr t phap danh cho quoc gia khi quoc gia tham gia vao cac quan he cua t phap quoc te. Cho biet quan iem rieng cua anh ch ve viec ghi nhan cac quyen mien tr nay Hay chng minh t phap quoc te la 1 nganh luat oc lap va thuoc he thong phap luat quoc gia Chu y e chng minh la nganh luat rieng, can phai xac nh 4 yeu to oi tng ieu chnh rieng Phng phap ieu chnh rieng Nhiem vu rieng He thong nguon rieng

CHNG II XUNG OT PHAP LUAT VA VAN E AP DUNG PHAP LUAT NC NGOAI I Xung ot phap luat 1 Khai niem xung ot phap luat Xung ot phap luat la hien tng co 2 hay nhieu he thong phap luat cung co the ap dung e ieu chnh 1 quan he cua t phap quoc te va gia cac he thong phap luat nay co s khac biet ve cac qui nh cu the khi giai quyet cung 1 van e phap ly V du Phap luat Viet nam qui nh nam t 20, n t 18 co the ket hon. Nhng phap luat Phap qui nh ca nam lan n t 18 co the ket hon Hien tng xung ot phap luat co the phat sinh pho bien trong rat nhieu nhom quan he thuoc oi tng ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te. Chu y Tuy nhien trong 1 so che nh cu the ca biet th hien tng xung ot o khong xay ra Quan he thuoc lnh vc s hu tr tue Quan he to tung toa an trong tai Xung ot phap luat co tac ong tieu cc nhat nh en c quan co tham quyen cua cac quoc gia lien quan cung nh cac chu the trong quan he c ieu chnh: Toa an phai xac nh he thong phap luat phu hp keo dai thi gian giai quyet van e Cac ben lien quan phai ch i do van e khong the giai quyet ngay anh hng viec bao ve quyen li ch hp phap cua cac ben Chu y Xung ot phap luat cung co tac ong tch cc : viec tiep can vi cac khac biet se giup cac c quan co tham quyen cua quoc gia lien quan nhan thay cac iem manh yeu cua he thong phap luat quoc gia trong tng quan vi cac he thong phap luat khac tren the gii, qua o giup hoan thien he thong phap luat quoc gia S khac biet se ch xay ra gia cac he thong phap luat cua cac quoc gia ( se giai quyet thong qua viec la chon ) khac vi cac mau thuan gia cac nganh luat ben trong he thong phap luat cua quoc gia ( c giai quyet bang nguyen tac luat chung c u tien ap dung ).

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Bai_giang_tu_phap_quoc_te.doc

11/32

Chu y Hien tng xung ot phap luat cung co the xay ra trong cac nha nc lien bang, gia cac he thong phap luat cua tng bang 2 Nguyen nhan xung ot phap luat S xuat hien nhieu he thong phap luat cung co the ap dung, at trong moi quan he tng tac vi nhau do ban chat cua cac quan he do t phap quoc te ieu chnh la co yeu to nc ngoai, tao ra kha nang ap dung nhieu he thong phap luat : ieu kien can Hien tng xung ot phap luat ch co the xay ra trong pham vi cac quan he c ieu chnh bi t phap quoc te Chu y Trong cac nganh luat cong, nguyen tac chu quyen va lanh tho quoc gia se am bao cho viec ap dung phap luat quoc gia Chu y Khong phai trong quan he nao cua t phap quoc te cung xay ra xung ot phap luat. V du : do cung b chi phoi bi nguyen tac lanh tho : ang ky s Quan he s hu tr tue hu tr tue ch c bao ho trong pham vi lanh tho quoc gia. Khi tranh chap xay ra nc ngoai th cung ch dan chieu en viec ap dung cac ieu c quoc te ma thoi ( ch khong phai luat nc ngoai ) do luat to tung la luat hnh thc, cung gan lien vi nguyen tac Quan he to tung luon ap dung luat cua nc co toa an xet x, c thc thi e bao ve chu quyen chu quyen quoc gia ieu kien u e xung ot phap luat co the xay ra la s khac biet gia cac qui pham cu the khi giai quyet cac van e cu the giup ch cho viec xac nh cac phng phap giai quyet xung ot phap luat phu hp 3 Phng phap giai quyet xung ot phap luat Do ban chat cua quan he phap luat dan s co yeu to nc ngoai la khach quan, khong the thay oi viec thay oi ieu kien can cua xung ot phap luat la ngoai tam kiem soat cua cac quoc gia. Ho ch co gang loai bo ieu kien u bang cach thay oi luat va lam mat s khac biet gia cac he thong phap luat. ABan hanh cac qui pham phap luat thc chat e loai bo s khac biet gia cac he thong phap luat va lam mat i hien tng xung ot phap luat, cac quoc gia tien hanh Hai hoa hoa phap luat ( hoa hp hoa phap luat ) : t thay oi cac qui pham phap luat thc chat trong he thong phap luat quoc gia tao ra cac qui pham thc chat giong nhau e giai quyet xung ot Phap ien hoa ( bo sung cac qui nh con thieu ) tao ra cac qui pham thc chat mi e giai quyet xung ot Thong nhat hoa ( thong qua viec ky ket cac ieu c quoc te ) tao ra cac qui pham thc chat thong nhat mi e giai quyet xung ot

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Bai_giang_tu_phap_quoc_te.doc

12/32

u iem Gai quyet c cac xung ot phap luat nhng lai phu thuoc vao kha nang thc hien va trien khai cua tng quoc gia : s khac biet nay se lam han che so lng ieu c c ky ket va lam cham lai qua trnh chung BBan hanh va ap dung cac qui pham xung ot V du Cong ty Viet nam A mua thiet b cua cong ty Han quoc B, ky ket hp ong tai Thai lan, co thoa thuan ap dung luat cua Trung quoc. Neu toa an Viet nam giai quyet xung ot th se ap dung luat Trung quoc e x ly Qui pham phap luat xung ot co the c qui nh trong phap luat quoc gia hay cac ieu c quoc te la bien phap giai quyet xung ot toi u cho viec chon he thong phap luat : de qui nh, linh hoat, ap dung de dang Chu y Qui pham phap luat khong giai quyet trc tiep noi dung cua quan he nen khong phai la bien phap toi u e x ly quan he a ra ket luan cuoi cung II Qui pham phap luat xung ot 1 Khai niem Qui pham phap luat xung ot la qui pham phap luat qui nh nguyen tac ap dung phap luat e giai quyet cac quan he phap luat cu the cua t phap quoc te ( khong qui nh nguyen tac hanh x cua cac ben ma ch tra li cho cau hoi luat nao c ap dung ) Qui pham phap luat xung ot tac ong len chu the ac biet la c quan co tham quyen giai quyet cua quoc gia lien quan ( toa an ) khong phai la cac ben trong quan he dan s Qui pham phap luat xung ot c qui nh rai rac trong tat ca cac nguon cua t phap quoc te ( tat ca cac nganh luat co lien quan en t phap quoc te ) khac vi cac qui pham phap luat khac thng tap trung trong 1 bo luat Qui pham phap luat xung ot c qui nh chu yeu va pho bien trong phap luat quoc gia : goi la qui pham phap luat trong nc hay qui pham phap luat xung ot thong thng. Qui pham phap luat xung ot co the c ghi nhan trong cac ieu c quoc te : qui pham phap luat xung ot thong nhat Chu y Qui pham phap luat xung ot se khong s dung tap quan do tap quan ch qui nh ve cach thc hanh x. Trong khi o co the qui pham phap luat thc chat co the s dung tap quan Qui pham phap luat xung ot co the ton tai di nhieu hnh thc khac nhau va tuy thuoc vao cac tieu ch anh gia ma no co the c phan ra nhieu nhom xung ot cu the Da vao hnh thc qui pham : Qui pham xung ot 1 ben se dan chieu en 1 he thong phap luat duy nhat va he thong phap luat o luon luon xac nh : la phap luat cua quoc gia ban hanh qui pham V du khoan 1 ieu 769 luat dan s Qui pham nhieu ben dan chieu en 1 he thong phap luat bat ky nao o, khong xac nh http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai_giang_tu_phap_quoc_te.doc

13/32

V du Da vao tnh chat rang buoc cua qui pham Qui pham xung ot menh lenh : qui nh nguyen tac ap dung phap luat bat buoc, khong c la chon V du khoan 1 ieu 769 luat dan s Qui pham xung ot tuy nghi : ch ra cac kha nang ap dung phap luat va viec xac nh he thong phap luat ap dung se phu thuoc vao cac ieu kien cu the kem theo V du Ap dung luat giai quyet tranh chap hp ong Da vao pham vi ap dung qui pham Qui pham phap luat xung ot ve lnh vc nhan than : quoc tch, ni c tru 2 Cau truc Chu y Qui pham phap luat luon luon co ay u ca 3 bo phan Ga nh ieu kien ap dung Qui nh Nh the nao Che tai Khong lam th b the nao Mot qui pham phap luat co the c dien giai trong nhieu ieu luat. Va ch ieu luat mi co the khuyet phan gia nh Qui pham xung ot ch bao gom 2 bo phan Pham vi ( # gia nh ) boi canh ieu kien qui pham c ap dung He thuoc ( # qui nh ) ch ra nguyen tac ap dung phap luat V du Da tren yeu to quoc tch, ni c tru, ni hanh vi c thc hien, Chu y Qui pham xung ot khong can co phan che tai do qui pham xung ot khong quan tam en cach hanh x, thc hien cu the hay xam pham trc tiep en quyen li cua cac ben Cau hoi So sanh qui pham phap luat xung ot va qui pham xung ot 3 Mot so he thuoc xung ot c ban A He thuoc luat nhan than La nguyen tac ap dung phap luat e giai quyet xung ot phap luat lien quan en cac quan he co yeu to nc ngoai da vao cac yeu to nhan than cua ng s bao gom 2 dau hieu c ban : quoc tch va ni c tru He thuoc luat quoc tch cua ca nhan Ve nguyen tac, moi ca nhan eu co moi quan he phap ly mat thiet vi mot nha nc, se c hng nhng quyen va s bao ho cua quoc gia, cung nh phai chu nhng ngha vu phap ly ma quoc gia qui nh. Nguyen tac ap dung phap luat e giai quyet xung ot phap luat lien quan en cac quan he co yeu to nc ngoai da tren dau hieu quoc tch Ca nhan mang quoc tch cua quoc gia nao th se chu s ieu chnh cua he thong phap luat quoc gia o

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Bai_giang_tu_phap_quoc_te.doc

14/32

Cac quoc gia chau Au luc a vi he thong luat thanh van thng ap dung he thuoc quoc tch Tuy vay co nhng trng hp dau hieu quoc tch khong ro rang Trng hp ca nhan khong co quoc tch Tre em sinh cua cha me khong co quoc tch sinh ra quoc gia ap dung nguyen tac huyet thong ) hay Cha me cua quoc gia sinh con ni khong xac nh c Khi ca nhan t nguyen thoi quoc tch ma cha co quoc tch mi ng nhien mat quoc tch ( ca nhan khong c tru trong nc 1 thi gian theo phap luat quoc gia qui nh, b tc quoc tch ) khong ap dung c he thuoc luat quoc tch ma phai ap dung cac he thuoc khac ( ni c tru v.v ) Trng hp a quoc tch Tre cua cha me thuoc quoc gia ap dung nguyen tac huyet thong lai sinh ra quoc gia ap dung nguyen tac ni sinh Thng quoc tch Khi o e xac nh he thong luat c ap dung, ngi ta se S dung them moi lien he mat thiet e xac nh quoc tch. V du : quan he tai san, quan he nhan than chu yeu cua ng s a quoc tch au th ap dung quoc tch cua ni o S dung them moi quan he ni c tru e xac nh quoc tch. V du Khi ang xet x, ng s a quoc tch ang c tru chu yeu Phap th ap dung luat Phap Neu tat ca nhng dau hieu cu the tren van cha giup giai quyet c van e th se ap dung nguyen tac luat toa an He thuoc luat ni c tru Nhng quoc gia coi trong qui che lanh tho se ap dung he thuoc ni c tru : luat ap dung e giai quyet xung ot phap luat se la phap luat cua ni ng s c tru Ni c tru phai hp phap, bao am tnh on nh lau dai hnh thc giay chng nhan, giay phep c tru lau dai Cac quoc gia thuoc he thong luat an le ( Anh My ) thng ap dung he thuoc luat ni c tru Neu khong xac nh c ni c tru th Ap dung nguyen tac luat toa an Ap dung luat quoc tch hay Neu nhieu ni c tru th Ap dung them dau hieu moi lien he mat thiet Ap dung nguyen tac luat toa an Pham vi ap dung cua luat nhan than

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Bai_giang_tu_phap_quoc_te.doc

15/32

Cac quan he lien quan en yeu to nhan than cua ng s neu co xung ot th thng ap dung he thuoc luat nhan than ay la he thuoc cc ky quan trong do yeu to nhan than thng ong vai tro chu ao trong phan ln cac quan he t phap quoc te B He thuoc luat quoc tch cua phap nhan Phap nhan se c hng nhng quyen va s bao ho cua quoc gia, cung nh phai chu nhng ngha vu phap ly ma quoc gia qui nh ( thue, tai chnh, trng dung trng thu trang thiet b cho nhng trng hp khan cap ) Phap nhan mang quoc tch cua quoc gia nao th ng nhien se chu s ieu chnh cua quoc gia o. Quoc tch cua phap nhan co the c xac nh thong qua Ni ang ky thanh lap ( cac quoc gia ap dung luat thanh van ) Ni ong tru s cua phap nhan ( cac quoc gia Anh My ap dung luat an le ) Ni tien hanh cac hoat ong kinh doanh chnh cua phap nhan ( cac quoc gia Trung ong ap dung ) Chu y Co nhng trng hp ca biet ma quoc tch cua phap nhan co the c xac nh theo quoc tch cua ngi ng au phap nhan Phap nhan khong the khong co quoc tch ( tr trng hp cac to chc phan ong ) Phap nhan co the co nhieu quoc tch Chu y Phap nhan a quoc tch la trng hp t c mong i do doanh nghiep thng phai chu nhieu ngha vu hn, nha nc thng phai quan ly kho khan hn, an chc cac mau thuan ve tai phan ( giai quyet pha san ) Khi phap nhan nc ngoai hoat ong tren lanh tho quoc gia s tai th viec la chon he thong phap luat e ap dung se da tren s phan nh lnh vc tac ong So phan phap ly cua phap nhan se do luat quoc gia ma phap nhan mang quoc tch quyet nh, bao gom Thanh lap, nguyen tac to chc hoat ong Quyen va ngha vu oi vi nha nc ma phap nhan mang quoc tch : bao cao tai chnh, thue, Sap nhap, giai the, chia tach, Cac hoat ong kinh doanh cu the cua phap nhan c tien hanh tren lanh tho cua quoc gia s tai se c ieu chnh bi luat quoc gia s tai C Luat ni thc hien hanh vi Nguyen tac ap dung phap luat e giai quyet xung ot phap luat lien quan en cac quan he co yeu to nc ngoai se da vao ni hanh vi tng ng trong quan he c thc hien ieu kien e ap dung he thuoc nay la quan he phai co hanh vi c thc hien. Cac quan he cu the khac nhau se co cac hanh vi khac nhau Quan he hp ong la hanh vi ky ket hp ong http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Bai_giang_tu_phap_quoc_te.doc

16/32

Quan he hon nhan gia nh la hanh vi ang ky ket hon Quan he tha ke la hanh vi lap di chuc ay la nguyen tac chung va se c the hien ra cac hnh thc cu the trong cac moi quan he cu the ( tng t nh luat nhan than ) Quan he hp ong la luat ni ky ket hp ong Quan he hon nhan gia nh la luat ni ang ky ket hon Quan he tha ke la luat ni lap di chuc Boi thng thiet hai ngoai hp ong la luat ni xay ra hanh vi vi pham D Luat do cac ben chu the t chon Da vao y ch va s nh oat cua cac ben : Pham vi ap dung : quan he hp ong trong khuon kho hp ong, gii han trong quyen va ngha vu : khong c trai cac qui nh phap luat ( hnh thc ) Cac ben chu the co quyen la chon he thong phap luat e ieu chnh noi dung hp ong S la chon nay phai thoa man 1 so yeu cau th mi c phap luat tha nhan Khong c nham muc ch lan tranh phap luat Khong c trai vi qui nh phap luat quoc gia cua cac ben, cac ieu c quoc te ma cac quoc gia cua cac ben la thanh vien ( V du He thong phap luat c la chon phai khong co s khac biet vi cac nguyen tac c ban cua he thong luat quoc gia cua cac ben ) He thong phap luat c la chon phai la luat co gia tr phap ly va co chc nang ieu chnh Phai thoa man nguyen tac t do t nguyen cam ket thoa thuan E Luat ni co tai san Cach thc ap dung phap luat da vao yeu to tai san, khach the cua quan he ang c xem xet : tai san nam au th ap dung phap luat ni o e giai quyet Pham vi ap dung Nguyen tac nay c ap dung cho cac quan he co lien quan trc tiep en tai san va quyen tai san : quan he s hu, quan he tha ke, phan chia tai san trong hon nhan gia nh

F Luat ni thc hien hp ong Da vao ni hp ong c thc hien Pham vi Quan he hp ong Khi cac ben khong xac nh trong hp ong he thong phap luat ap dung e giai quyet mau thuan G Luat toa an Da vao ni co toa an va c quan co tham quyen giai quyet vu viec : toa an quoc gia nao th ap dung phap luat quoc gia o e giai quyet Chu y Nguyen tac c ban cua to tung : toa an quoc gia nao xet x th se ap dung phap luat to tung ( luat hnh thc ) cua quoc gia o e giai quyet http://www.ebook.edu.vn
Bai_giang_tu_phap_quoc_te.doc 17/32

Nguyen tac luat toa an : xac nh luon luat noi dung cua quoc gia co toa an se c ap dung e giai quyet quan he Pham vi ap dung Khi cac nguyen tac khac e xac nh he thong phap luat cho quan he t phap quoc te khong ap dung c th nguyen tac luat toa an se c ap dung rat pho bien nh la 1 nguyen tac phu, thay the Chu y Phap tng qui nh luat toa an la 1 nguyen tac chnh Ngoai ra con co nhng luat khac : luat nc ngi ban, luat nc ngi mua, III Ap dung phap luat nc ngoai 1Khai niem Ap dung phap luat nc ngoai la viec c quan co tham quyen cua 1 nc van dung cac qui nh cu the cua phap luat 1 nc khac e giai quyet cac quan he cu the Nguyen nhan Do a co qui nh cu the cua phap luat cac nc ve cac kha nang ap dung luat nc ngoai V du khoan 3 ieu 759 luat dan s 2005 qui nh e giai quyet mot quan he cu the co lien quan gan bo chat che vi he thong phap luat nc ngoai, am bao hieu qua ieu chnh tot nhat cua phap luat, nham bao ve tot nhat cho quyen li cua cac ben lien quan V du Nang lc chu the cua cong dan c nen do phap luat c ieu chnh, du cho ng s thc hien hanh vi tren lanh tho Viet nam la ngha vu cua cac quoc gia a t nguyen cam ket 2 Nguyen tac va ieu kien ap dung phap luat nc ngoai ieu kien ap dung Luat nc ngoai ch co the c ap dung khi thoa man ca 3 ieu kien e giai quyet cac quan he dan s co yeu to nc ngoai la oi tng ieu chnh cua t phap quoc te Khi co qui pham xung ot dan chieu en ( Hay khi co thoa thuan gia cac ben trong quan he hp ong ) Khi luat nc ngoai hay hau qua cua viec ap dung luat nc ngoai khong xam hai li ch hay trat t phap ly cua quoc gia ap dung V du Che o s hu at ai cua Viet nam khac vi nc ngoai Nguyen tac ap dung e am bao viec ap dung phap luat nc ngoai la thc s va mang lai ket qua th Phap luat nc ngoai phai c hieu giai thch van dung theo ung cach thc va tinh than nh quoc gia ma he thong phap luat o c ban hanh ( the hien y ch cua nha nc ban hanh, bao ve quyen va li ch cua cac ben

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Bai_giang_tu_phap_quoc_te.doc

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Viec ap dung phap luat nc ngoai phai am bao rang he thong phap luat nc ngoai lien quan a c ap dung ay u toan dien va mang tnh he thong tranh viec ap dung cac van ban phap luat n le, ap dung khong ung vi ban chat cua luat nc ngoai ( am bao s phu hp vi cac nguyen tac phap ly c ban, vi cac nganh luat lien quan do s ton tai cua hien tng khong ong nhat trong cac he thong phap luat cac nc ) V du Nguyen tac im lang la ong y se oi hoi phai co cac ieu kien kem theo trong cac van ban phap luat khac. Gai quyet luat thng mai Viet nam can tham khao them luat dan s, Hien phap

3 Mot so van e phap ly phat sinh lien quan en viec ap dung phap luat nc ngoai A Lan tranh phap luat Trng hp cac chu the lien quan thay oi cac dau hieu tnh tiet ben trong e hng en s ieu chnh cua he thong phap luat khac ( co li hn ) thay v he thong phap luat le ra phai c ap dung e ieu chnh V du Quan he thng mai thay oi hoi s e tranh thue Quan he hon nhan cong dan Viet nam 16 tuoi sang My e tien hanh ket hon Hanh vi nay tuy mang lai li ch trc mat cho chu the lien quan nhng lai co anh hng tieu cc nghiem trong : lam cho tac dung ieu chnh cua phap luat b vo hieu luon b xem la hanh vi bat hp phap va cac quoc gia thng ap dung cac bien phap che tai nh phu nhan, x ly hanh chnh, vo hieu hoa toan bo hau qua phap ly cua hanh vi, tham ch trach nhiem hnh s Phap luat nc ngoai se b t choi ap dung trong trng hp nay B Dan chieu ngc va dan chieu en phap luat nc th 3 Dan chieu ngc ( Renvoi I ) V du Qui pham xung ot cua phap luat Viet nam dan chieu en viec ap dung he thong phap luat cua Anh. Nhng phap luat Anh lai co qui pham xung ot ( luat quoc tch ) dan chieu ngc ve phap luat Viet nam Tuy thu tuc to tung phc tap hn nhng co the co li cho quoc gia co toa an co tham quyen giai quyet Thong thng th cac quoc gia chap nhan ( hay khong dan chieu, va ap dung luat quoc gia giai quyet trc tiep ) Nguyen nhan Do quan iem phap ly cua cac quoc gia trong viec giai thch ve cach thc ap dung phap luat nc ngoai V du Neu Viet nam ch ap dung cac qui pham luat thc chat cua Anh ma thoi th se khong xay ra hien tng dan chieu ngc. Nhng do Viet nam ap dung toan bo he thong phap luat cua Anh, ca qui pham xung ot lan qui pham thc chat, nen mi co hien tng nay. Dan chieu en phap luat nc th 3 ( Renvoi II ) V du Qui pham xung ot cua phap luat Viet nam dan chieu en viec ap dung he thong phap luat cua Anh. Nhng phap luat Anh lai co qui pham xung ot ( luat ni c tru ) dan chieu en phap luat Phap http://www.ebook.edu.vn
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Lam cho trnh t ap dung phap luat b keo dai Thong thng th cac quoc gia khong chap nhan ( t choi khong ap dung phap luat nc th 3 ) C Bao lu trat t cong cong La qui nh cho phep cac quoc gia s tai c tuyen bo t choi ap dung phap luat nc ngoai khi he thong phap luat nc ngoai va viec ap dung phap luat nc ngoai xam pham en trat t cong cong cua quoc gia s tai Luat nc ngoai se b t choi ap dung va luat quoc gia s tai se c ap dung Khai niem trat t cong cong Hien nay khai niem nay mang tnh tuy nghi, va khac nhau gia cac quoc gia. Ve ly luan, trat t cong cong la he thong cac gia tr, li ch ma cac quoc gia mong muon va u tien bao ve : co the la trat t ton giao, chnh tr, kinh te, an ninh li ch chu quyen quoc gia he, he thong cac nguyen tac phap luat, lai co the thay oi theo thi gian Ban chat cua bao lu trat t cong cong Muc ch la e bao ve li ch quoc gia luat nc ngoai b t choi la hau qua cua muc ch nay Nhng trong thc te, cac toa an rat e ngai viec ap dung phap luat nc ngoai dung phap luat nc ngoai bang cach lam dung ly do bao lu trat t cong cong thng t choi ap

THAM QUYEN CUA TOA AN QUOC GIA OI VI CAC VU VIEC DAN S CO YEU TO NC NGOAI I Khai quat ve to tung dan s quoc te To tung dan s quoc te la nhng trnh t thu tuc to tung c thc hien trong qua trnh giai quyet cac vu viec dan s co yeu to nc ngoai ieu 405 luat dan s 2005 qui nh ve cac vu viec dan s co yeu to nc ngoai, da vao yeu to chu the, khach the Nhng trnh t thu tuc to tung trong to tung dan s quoc te luon dien ra trong toa an cua quoc gia Chu y cac toa an quoc te ch giai quyet cac quan he quoc te gia cac quoc gia ) Nhng trnh t thu tuc to tung trong to tung dan s quoc te c qui nh trc het trong phap luat to tung cua moi quoc gia. Ngoai ra, nhng trnh t thu tuc to tung quoc te con c qui nh trong cac ieu c quoc te. Nhng hoat ong to tung dan s quoc te luon c dien ra trong nhng khuon kho phap ly nhat nh e am bao khong xam hai en li ch cua quoc gia lien quan nao ( la chu the ac biet c luat quoc te bao ve, ton trong chu quyen ) Can phai ton trong cac nguyen tac sau Ton trong va bnh ang chu quyen quoc gia

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Chu quyen quoc gia la tuyet oi, khong the b xam hai hay phan biet neu khong hoat ong to tung dan s quoc te o se b xem la hanh vi vi pham phap luat quoc te Khong can thiep vao cong viec noi bo cua quoc gia khac La cong viec thuoc tham quyen rieng biet cua quoc gia trong lnh vc oi noi oi ngoai cua quoc gia : nh quyen hanh phap lap phap t phap, t chu t quyet trong ng loi oi ngoai V du Phan quyet x ly tai san quoc gia la vi pham phap luat quoc te Co i co lai Qui nh cach thc hanh x cua quoc gia tren c s tng ng vi cach thc hanh x cua quoc gia khac. To tung dan s quoc te bao gom nhieu hoat ong to tung : uy thac t phap quoc te, thi hanh phan quyet cua toa an nc ngoai v.v. anh hng trc tiep en tnh kha thi, hieu qua cua hoat ong to tung, kha nang at c ket qua cuoi cung Bnh ang gia cac ben trong quan he to tung La nguyen tac quan trong hang au trong hoat ong to tung dan s, cho du quan he co yeu to nc ngoai hay khong nham am bao s bnh ang ve a v phap ly, quyen va ngha vu gia cac ng s. Neu khong th nguyen tac ton trong phap che cua hoat ong to tung b pha v lam cho phan quyet khong co gia tr phap ly va khong c cac quoc gia tha nhan Luat toa an Khi toa an cua quoc gia thu ly giai quyet vu viec th he thong phap luat to tung cua quoc gia o se c ap dung do trnh t thu tuc to tung c cac c quan t phap thc hien nham thc thi quyen t phap cua quoc gia : la viec cu the hoa chu quyen quoc gia. Neu ap dung thu tuc to tung nc ngoai se co the lam xam hai anh hng en chu quyen cua quoc gia Chu y Trong qua trnh ap dung bien phap t phap quoc te co the co ngoai le Noi dung cua bao gom Tham quyen xet x Tng tr t phap Cong nhan va thi hanh phan quyet cua cac toa an nc ngoai II Tham quyen xet x dan s quoc te 1 Khai niem Tham quyen xet x dan s quoc te ( khong ng nhien lien quan en quyen lc, cung vi viec c nha nc trao cho quyen lc th cung la trach nhiem ngha vu rang buoc kem theo khong co quyen t choi xet x ) la kha nang cua phap luat cac quoc gia qui nh cho toa an cua mnh co trach nhiem va ngha vu xet x cac vu viec dan s co yeu to nc ngoai Tham quyen xet x dan s quoc te trc het c qui nh trong phap luat to tung cua cac quoc gia

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Xung ot tham quyen xet x la hien tng co 2 hay nhieu c quan t phap cua cac quoc gia khac nhau cung co tham quyen giai quyet oi vi 1 vu viec dan s cu the tieu cc 2 Qui tac xac nh tham quyen xet x La cac cach thc cac quoc gia a ra e giai quyet hien tng xung ot tham quyen xet x, phai the hien c moi lien he gia noi dung vu viec va toa an quoc gia thong qua cac dau hieu A Qui tac quoc tch Cach thc xac nh tham quyen cua toa an quoc gia trong viec giai quyet cac vu viec dan s co yeu to nc ngoai da tren dau hieu quoc tch cua ng s : ng s mang quoc tch cua quoc gia nao th toa an cua quoc gia o co tham quyen giai quyet xuat phat t quyen tai phan ng nhien cua quoc gia oi vi cong dan cua mnh Co the xac nh theo nguyen n hay b n hay quoc tch chung (Trong quan he hon nhan gia nh ) cua cac ben co the co 2 toa an co tham quyen. Chu y Neu ng s khong co quoc tch khong ap dung Neu ng s co nhieu quoc tch th tat ca cac toa an co quoc tch eu co tham quyen xac nh theo ni ng s khi kien c ap dung pho bien tren the gii, nham xac nh tham quyen cua toa an trong cac vu viec co yeu to nc ngoai La nguyen tac rieng ac thu cua t phap quoc te Thng c ap dung nham xac nh tham quyen cua toa an trong cac vu viec lien quan en cac dau hieu nhan than V du Xac nh cha me cho con, B Qui tac ni c tru Cach thc xac nh tham quyen cua toa an quoc gia trong viec giai quyet cac vu viec dan s co yeu to nc ngoai da tren dau hieu ni c tru cua ng s : ng s c tru au th toa an o co tham quyen giai quyet Chu y Chu yeu la xac nh theo ni c tru cua b n cung c ap dung pho bien trong phap luat trong nc nham am bao ieu kien thuan li cho viec thc thi qua trnh to tung cung nh kha nang thi hanh cua ban an. Tuy nhien trong 1 so trng hp ca biet, co the ap dung dau hieu ni c tru cua nguyen n khi bao ve khan cap quyen li cua nguyen n. V du : xac nh cha me cho con Qui tac ni c tru chung cung co the c ap dung Chu y Phai la ni c tru on nh, hp phap va co ay u c s e xac minh Neu ng s khong co ni c tru th khong the ap dung c. Neu co nhieu ni c tru th xac nh theo ni nguyen n khi kien C Qui tac ni co tai san

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Cach thc xac nh tham quyen cua toa an quoc gia trong viec giai quyet cac vu viec dan s co yeu to nc ngoai da tren da tren dau hieu ni tai san ang tranh chap ton tai ( thng la bat ong san ) Ap dung cho cac vu viec lien quan en tai san : tranh chap ve taisan trong tha ke, trong hon nhan, trong ly hon .v.v. Tai san nay phai la oi tng cua tranh chap ( khong phai la tai san rieng cua moi ben )

D Qui tac ni hien dien cua b n hay ni co tai san cua b n Cach thc xac nh tham quyen xet x cua toa an theo ni hien dien cua b n tai thi iem phat sinh quan he to tung Gup cac c quan co tham quyen thc hien cac bien phap tai phan nhanh chong kp thi va ngan nga trng hp b n lan tron khoi ni vi pham Chu y Dau hien ni hien dien cua b n thng khong trung vi dau hieu ni c tru Cach thc xac nh tham quyen xet x cua toa an theo ni b n co toan bo hay phan ln tai san am bao cho viec thc hien qua trnh to tung va viec thi hanh an Chu y Tai san nay khong ng nhien la tai san ang b tranh chap Phai at c mc o gia tr nao o so vi noi dung tranh chap th mi u c s e xac lap tham quyen xet x thng la bat ong san E Qui tac ve moi lien he mat thiet Cach thc xac nh tham quyen xet x cua toa an theo moi lien he mat thiet gia cac ben ng s vi quoc gia co toa an giai quyet hay gia noi dung vu viec vi quoc gia co toa an giai quyet Moi lien he mat thiet rat phong phu a dang V du Moi lien he mat thiet trong quan he hp ong la ni ky hp ong, ni thc hien hp ong, ni at tru s cua nguyen n, b n Dau hieu nay co the c s dung 1 cach oc lap e xac nh tham quyen xet x cua toa an, nhng cung co the s dung nh la dau hieu bo sung cho cac dau hieu khac Chu y Cac quoc gia co the s dung ket hp cac dau hieu trong nhng trng hp can thiet Cau hoi Phan biet qui tac giai quyet xung ot vi cac he thuoc giai quyet xung ot Moi lien he gia hien tng xung ot phap luat va hien tng xung ot tham quyen xet x III 1 Tham quyen xet x cua toa an Viet nam oi vi cac vu viec dan s co yeu to nc ngoai Theo cac ieu c quoc te Nghien cu cac hiep nh tng tr t phap ( Viet nam a ky ket 15 hiep nh ) Theo phap luat Viet nam Tham quyen chung qui nh tai ieu 410 luat to tung dan s

2 A-

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at ra cac qui nh chung e xac nh tham quyen : khong co tnh loai tr, cac quoc gia khac cung co the co tham quyen xet x theo nhng qui nh nay Khoan 1 ieu 410 luat to tung dan s se xac nh toa an cu the nao cua Viet nam se co tham quyen giai quyet : da vao cac qui nh chng 3 V du : khoan 3 ieu 33, iem c khoan 1 ieu 34 luat to tung dan s Viet nam qui nh toa an nhan dan cap tnh co tham quyen giai quyet cac vu viec dan s co yeu to nc ngoai Chu y Toa an cap huyen co the co tham quyen giai quyet trong trng hp ac biet : quan he hon nhan gia nh khu vc bien gii ( tuy toa an tnh van co tham quyen lay vu viec len e giai quyet ) Khoan 2 ieu 410 luat to tung dan s se xac nh toa an cua quoc gia nao se co tham quyen giai quyet B N : Tru s cua phap nhan ( qui tac ni c tru ) hay van phong ai dien ( qui tac moi lien he mat thiet ) Chu y Se kho khan neu xac nh tham quyen xet x theo qui tac moi lien he mat thiet khi b n la phap nhan : tnh kha thi cua viec xet x, thc hien cac thu tuc to tung, thng ch ap dung khi b n chnh la van phong kha nang thi hanh trong thc te ai dien B N : ( qui tac ni c tru ) + ( qui tac ni co tai san ) : tai san phai co gia tr tng oi ln, tng xng vi noi dung vu viec Chu y Viet nam khong ap dung qui tac ni hien dien cua b n nham ngan chan viec toi pham tron sang Viet nam e lan tranh phap luat : co the b toi pham li dung NGUYEN N : ( qui tac ni c tru ) cho cac quan he cap dng hay xac nh cha me m rong pham vi tham quyen nham bao ve nhanh chong kp thi cac quyen li cua cong dan ( tuy xac nh theo b n van c ) Qui tac moi lien he mat thiet Qui tac quoc tch ket hp qui tac ni c tru : phai la quoc tch chung cua ca nguyen n va b n Qui tac moi lien he mat thiet Qui tac quoc tch : co the xac nh theo nguyen n hay b n Cau hoi Trng hp cac ben la chon toa an ? Qui nh tham quyen xet x cua Viet nam u cha ? BTham quyen rieng qui nh tai ieu 411 luat to tung dan s La tham quyen rieng va duy nhat ch xac nh cho toa an Viet nam va loai tr tham quyen xet x cua cac toa an cua cac quoc gia khac ( Phan quyet cua toa an nc ngoai se khong c cong nhan e thi hanh tai Viet nam ) oi tng xet x la nhng quan he co moi lien he chat che vi nha nc Viet nam ( cung la dang qui nh pho bien tren the gii ) Cac vu dan s

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Bat ong san Viet nam do bat ong san Viet nam la tai san cua nha nc, co kha nang tac ong trc tiep en an ninh quoc gia Hp ong van chuyen ma tru s ngi van chuyen chnh la Viet nam Chu y Muc ch ban au cua cac nha lam luat la e han che thiet hai cho cac chu tau Viet nam, thuc ay s phat trien cua nganh van tai bien Viet nam Nhng trong thc te lai gay kho khan cho viec thc hien cac thu tuc to tung cung nh thi hanh e hp ly th nen e cac ben t chon trong tai e giai quyet v ay la phan quyet quan he hp ong Ly hon neu ca 2 v chong eu c tru tai Viet nam e bao ve quyen li cho cong dan Viet nam Cac viec dan s Nang lc hanh vi dan s do xay ra tren lanh tho Viet nam : co moi lien he gan bo mat thiet vi nha nc Viet nam, ch toa an Viet nam mi co u ieu kien e anh giachnh xac tnh hnh thc te Tuyen bo mat tch, chet Tuyen bo mat tch Tai san tren lanh tho Viet nam Cau hoi Phan biet qui tac giai quyet xung ot vi cac he thuoc giai quyet xung ot Moi lien he gia hien tng xung ot phap luat va hien tng xung ot tham quyen xet x

BAI 3 UY THAC T PHAP QUOC TE, CONG NHAN THI HANH BAN AN QUYET NH DAN S CUA TOA AN NC NGOAI, QUYET NH CUA TRONG TAI NC NGOAI I Uy thac t phap quoc te 1 Khai niem Ve nguyen tac, cac hoat ong t phap b gii han bi qui tac chu quyen va lanh tho quoc gia. Do vay, e tien hanh cac hoat ong t phap tren lanh tho nc ngoai th can s giup lan nhau cua cac c quan t phap cac nc Uy thac t phap quoc te la hoat ong tng tr giup lan nhau cua c quan t phap cac nc trong qua trnh thu ly va giai quyet cac vu viec dan s co yeu to nc ngoai. ay ch la quan he gia cac c quan t phap quoc gia, ong vai tro quan trong trong viec xet x Gup am bao cho cac c quan t phap cac nc co the thc hien cac hoat ong t phap mot cach co hieu qua Tao ieu kien cho viec xay dng, duy tr, phat trien cac quan he quoc te cua cac quoc gia co quan he chat che vi cac quan he quoc te Hoat ong uy thac t phap co the gay ra anh hng bat li, xam hai li ch quoc gia can co cac nguyen tac chi phoi hoat ong uy thac t phap

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Cac nguyen tac c ban Ton trong va bnh ang chu quyen gia cac quoc gia s bnh ang gia cac quoc gia Khong can thiep vao cong viec noi bo neu anh hng en cac hoat ong noi bo khac th quoc gia co quyen t choi Bnh ang va cung co li S bnh ang gia cac c quan t phap trong moi quan he uy thac t phap cu the, tren tinh than thien ch va hp tac Li ch at c trc het la cho ben yeu cau. Ben c yeu cau qua o cung co the can thiep, tac ong, gian tiep tham gia, bao ve li ch cua cong dan, co the thiet lap quan he hp tac lau dai Co i co lai : co the c qui nh trong cac van ban qui pham phap luat Nguyen tac luat toa an : hoat ong uy thac t phap dien ra tren lanh tho quoc gia nao th phap luat cua quoc gia o c ap dung Chu y Viec thu thap chng c cua vu an co the tien hanh theo yeu cau c qui nh bi luat to tung nc ngoai la ngoai le cua nguyen tac luat toa an. Phai ap ng cac ieu kien Phai co ieu c quoc te qui nh Ch trong pham vi hoat ong uy thac t phap c yeu cau Phai cham dt ngay lap tc sau khi giai quyet xong Qui nh tai ieu 414 luat to tung dan s, ieu 4 luat tng tr t phap

3 Trnh t thu tuc uy thac t phap quoc te Qui nh ieu 415 418 luat to tung dan s va chng 2 luat tng tr t phap, ieu 10 -16 C quan uy thac C quan c uy thac ( Quoc gia uy thac ) ( Quoc gia c uy thac ) Giai oan 1 Tong at ho s uy thac Do c quan uy thac thc hien Ho s uy thac bao gom 3 loai ( theo mau qui nh ) Cong van uy thac : la cong ham Van ban uy thac : ghi nhan vu viec, mo ta yeu cau chi tiet Tai lieu khac kem theo : cung cap thong tin ho tr cho c quan c uy thac tien hanh cong viec tot hn C quan chuan b ho s la c quan co tham quyen giai quyet vu viec ( ngoai tr toa an cap huyen trong cac trng hp ac biet ) Ho s uy thac c tong at Thong qua con ng ngoai giao C quan uy thac - C quan t phap trung ng - C quan ngoai giao quoc gia - C quan ngoai giao cua quoc gia c uy thac - C quan t phap nc ngoai - C quan t phap nc ngoai cu the

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Thong qua c quan t phap trung ng C quan uy thac - C quan t phap trung ng C quan ngoai giao quoc gia - C quan ngoai giao cua quoc gia c uy thac - C quan t phap nc ngoai - C quan t phap nc ngoai cu the Thong qua ngi ai dien ac biet ( khi cac quoc gia cha xac lap quan he ngoai giao chnh thc ) ngi nay ch co the tong at ho s ma khong c quyen tien hanh trc tiep cac hoat ong t phap

Giai oan 2 Tham nh ho s Do c quan c uy thac thc hien Xem xet tnh hp le cua ho s : Xem xet trnh t thu tuc yeu cau Tham nh noi dung cua ho s Xem xet tham quyen cua chnh no khi thc hien viec uy thac t phap Neu khong at yeu cau th se gi tra : t choi uy thac + phai giai thch cu the + thong bao cu the Neu chap nhan bo ho s th chuyen sang giai oan thc hien noi dung Giai oan 3 Thc hien noi dung Neu thanh cong th gi ket qua cho c quan a uy thac Neu viec thc hien khong at ket qua phai thong bao viec khong thc hien c cong viec yeu cau + giai trnh cu the ly do am bao tnh thien ch hp tac cua hoat ong, khong anh Chu y Phai giai trnh ly do cu the hng en quan he hp tac gia cac quoc gia II Cong nhan va thi hanh ban an, quyet nh dan s cua toa an nc ngoai 1 Khai niem Cong nhan thu tuc phap ly c ap dung bi c quan co tham quyen e tha nhan gia tr phap ly va hieu lc thi hanh cua cac phan quyet cua c quan tai phan nc ngoai Thi hanh trnh t thu tuc trong qua trnh trien khai thc hien cac phan quyet cua c quan tai phan nc ngoai co quan he chat che vi viec cong nhan : phai co s cong nhan th mi co viec thi hanh, viec thi hanh la s hien thc hoa cu the hoa gia tr phap ly cua s cong nhan, Chu y Co the ch can cong nhan ma khong can co s thi hanh. V du : Viec cong nhan gia tr phap ly cua tuyen bo ve viec mat nang lc hanh vi dan s cua toa an nc ngoai, phan khong can phai thi hanh. Ch quyet ly hon, tuyen bo 1 ngi a chet, tnh trang oc than nham xac nhan s kien phap ly ch khong nham muc ch thi hanh Ban an, quyet nh dan s cua toa an nc ngoai Nhng phan quyet c tuyen t cac vu viec dan s va nhng quyet nh dan s trong cac ban an hnh s hanh chnh; c tuyen an nc ngoai V du Phan yeu cau boi thng thiet hai trong ban an hnh s cung c xem la quyet nh dan s http://www.ebook.edu.vn

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Hieu lc phap ly cua cac phan quyet ( la san pham cua viec thc thi chu quyen quoc gia ) se b han che trong pham vi lanh tho quoc gia. Nhng nhu cau thc thi phan quyet tren lanh tho nc ngoai la nhu cau co that, nham am bao viec hien thc hoa noi dung cua ban an, mi bao ve c quyen va li ch chnh ang cua ng s, am bao hieu qua cua hoat ong tai phan cua cac c quan t phap; S the hien ton trong chu quyen gia cac quoc gia vi nhau Hoat ong cong nhan va thi hanh cac phan quyet cua toa an nc ngoai la hoat ong ac thu va co the tac ong en li ch quoc gia : can phai c thc hien trong khuon kho cac nguyen tac nhat nh c qui nh ieu 343 luat to tung dan s Viet nam. Phai tuan theo cac qui nh cua phap luat Viet nam Ton trong cac cam ket trong cac ieu ic quoc te Co i co lai Cong nhan ng nhien : ch ap dung trong 1 so trng hp : khi cac quoc gia a cam ket va thoa thuan rang phan quyet ng nhien c cong nhan. ( Ngoai tr khi ban an yeu cau khong c cong nhan ) Ngoai ra con chu s rang buoc chung cua phap luat to tung dan s quoc te : Cach thc cong nhan va thi hanh ban an, quyet nh dan s cua toa an nc ngoai Do phu thuoc vao phap luat quoc gia s tai nen trnh t thu tuc cu the se khac nhau nhng van co nhng iem chung : phan ra Quoc gia ap dung he thong cap phat : cac quoc gia XHCN, chau Au luc a La hoat ong t phap ket hp vi hanh chnh c che ra quyet nh cong nhan se thong qua qui trnh xin cho : nop n, to chc phien hop e xem xet ( khong to chc phien toa ), ra quyet nh Ch xem xet hnh thc to tung cua ban an nc ngoai ( xem co ung trnh t thu tuc to tung hay khong, ung tham quyen khong ), khong c phep anh gia lai s ung sai cua noi dung phan quyet do noi dung phan quyet la san pham cua s thc thi chu quyen quoc gia nc ngoai. V du Qui nh tai khoan 4 ieu 355 luat to tung dan s Viet nam Quoc gia ap dung he thong an le ( Anh My ) : Thc hien thong qua 1 phien x theo thu tuc to tung rut gon ( khong phai la cac hoat ong t phap mang tnh hanh chnh ) ket qua la mot ban an quyet nh cong nhan hay khong gia tr phap ly cua ban an toa an nc ngoai Ngoai hnh thc to tung, cac toa an con co the xem xet noi dung cua ban an di goc o chung : khong phai xet x lai ma ch kiem tra noi dung phan quyet co am bao cac nguyen tac c ban nh hp ly, cong bang, khong thien v, phan biet oi x hay khong. Neu co th se t choi

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Chu y ieu nay khong vi pham nguyen tac chu quyen quoc gia do toa an khong x lai noi dung. Viec xem xet nay la can thiet v he thong phap luat quoc gia s tai c xay dng tren he thong hang ngan an le nen can phai am bao tnh thong nhat cua he thong cac ban an, khong c lam ao lon trat t phap ly cua quoc gia s tai 2 Che nh cong nhan va thi hanh ban an, quyet nh dan s cua toa an nc ngoai theo phap luat Viet nam Trong cac ieu c quoc te, cac hiep nh tng tr t phap phai u tien ap dung cac qui nh nay, la ngha vu phap ly cua quoc gia Cac ieu c quoc te thng ch ghi nhan cac qui nh mang tnh nguyen tac chung, cac thu tuc cong nhan va thi hanh cu the se c phap luat quoc gia qui nh Trong phap luat Viet nam Phan VI luat to tung dan s Viet nam Tham quyen Toa an cap tnh ( toa an cap huyen ch c bo sung tham quyen trong 1 so trng hp ac biet khong c xem la co tham quyen ) Bo t phap khong phai la 1 c quan t phap ma ch la 1 c quan hanh chnh, nen khong co tham quyen xem xet, cong nhan, thi hanh phan quyet Trnh t thu tuc T nghien cu Cac trng hp t choi cong nhan va thi hanh ieu 356 luat to tung dan s qui nh Chu y Can phai nghien cu do Co the lien quan en cac ng s, en kha nang khieu nai viec t choi hay cong nhan phan quyet Tng ng vi moi can c t choi la cac ieu kien t choi an cha ben trong Khoan 1 Khi ban an cha co gia tr phap ly th oi tng can cong nhan la gia tr phap ly cua ban an cha xuat hien phai la ban an co hieu lc phap luat theo phap luat cua toa an nc ngoai Khoan 2 Khi ng s khong c trieu tap hp le th trnh t thu tuc to tung a b vi pham nghiem trong nen ket qua phan quyet se b t choi can phai tuan thu ung thu tuc to tung cua phap luat toa an nc ngoai Khoan 3 Vu an thuoc tham quyen rieng biet cua toa an Viet nam khang nh chu quyen cua Viet nam Chu y Viec cong nhan cac viec dan s se gay mau thuan vi qui nh cua phap luat can phai hieu la khong cong nhan ca vu va viec thuoc tham quyen rieng Viet nam biet

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Khoan 4 Khi khong la ban an au tien va duy nhat do vi pham qui tac ap dung phap luat phap luat phai c ap dung thong nhat : cac vu viec ch c xet x duy nhat 1 lan ( khac vi nhieu cap xet x ) va se ch co 1 ban an. Khi toa an Viet nam ang thu ly ma toa an nc ngoai van tien hanh x ly th toa an nc ngoai a vi pham phap luat quoc te ve tham quyen xet x khong cong nhan phan quyet Khoan 5 a het thi hieu thi hanh theo phap luat cua toa an nc ngoai hay phap luat Viet nam do gia tr phap ly cua ban an khong con ton tai Chu y Neu ch het thi hieu theo phap luat toa an nc ngoai ma con thi hieu theo t choi cong nhan do gia tr phap ly cua ban an khong phap luat Viet nam ton tai Neu ch het thi hieu theo phap luat Viet nam ma con thi hieu theo phap luat khong c t choi ngay ma phai xem xet can than viec toa an nc ngoai cong nhan : khi co the lam ao lon trat t phap ly cua Viet nam th buoc phai t choi bang cach da vao khoan 6 ieu 356 Khoan 6 Bao lu trat t cong cong

III Cong nhan va thi hanh quyet nh cua trong tai nc ngoai Tham khao Cong c New York 1958 va cac qui nh cua phap luat Viet nam Trong tai ay la cac to chc giai quyet cac tranh chap trong thng mai Chu y Bon phng thc giai quyet tranh chap hp ong thng mai la thng lng am phan, trung gian, toa an, trong tai 1 Khai niem Quyet nh cua trong tai nc ngoai : khoan 2 ieu 342 luat to tung dan s tuyen : cac to chc trong tai qui che, trong tai ad hoc Chu y Dau hieu ve ni tuyen quyet nh khong co y ngha oi tng cong nhan la san pham t nen co nhng nguyen tac thc hien rieng 343 luat to tung dan s 2 Cong nhan va thi hanh quyet nh cua trong tai nc ngoai Viet nam la thanh vien cua cong c New York t nam 1995 Tham quyen cong nhan Toa an cap tnh Trnh t thu tuc T nghien cu

da vao chu the

qui nh ieu

Trng hp t choi Qui nh tai ieu 370 luat to tung dan s Khoan 1 Khi chnh ban than quyet nh trong tai khong am bao yeu cau

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iem a Ngi ky ket thoa thuan trong tai khong co nang lc Lam mat hieu lc phap luat cua thoa thuan trong tai Tham quyen trong tai khong c xac lap Thu tuc to tung trong tai khong hp phap Quyet nh trong tai b t choi. Do vay, phai am bao nang lc chu the cua ngi ky ket : bao gom nang lc hanh vi dan s va tham quyen ky ket iem b Thoa thuan trong tai khong co gia tr phap ly Ngoai nang lc chu the cua ngi ky ket, thoa thuan trong tai con chu s tac ong cua nhieu yeu to khac : hnh thc, noi dung, nguyen tac ky ket iem c Khong c thong bao viec ch nh trong tai vien hay thu tuc giai quyet Trnh t to tung trong tai khong am bao iem d Vt qua tham quyen Noi dung thoa thuan trong tai se qui nh pham vi tranh chap qui nh pham vi tham quyen cua trong tai Chu y Khi cac noi dung cua quyet nh trong tai co the phan tach c th phan trong tham quyen trong tai van c cong nhan. Neu khong phan tach c th phai t choi toan bo quyet nh trong tai iem Thanh phan trong tai khong am bao, trnh t thu tuc to tung khong am bao iem e Quyet nh trong tai cha co hieu lc Chu y Do quyet nh trong tai sau khi tuyen co the b khieu nai hay khang ngh qui trnh trong tai cha ket thuc iem g Quyet nh trong tai b huy hay nh ch thi hanh hieu lc phap ly khong con ton tai Do toa an tuyen bo huy hay nh ch Khoan 2 Khi xem xet tren quan iem phap luat Viet nam iem a Khi phap luat Viet nam khong tha nhan tham quyen trong tai trong lnh vc cu the iem b Khi viec thi hanh quyet nh trong tai trai vi cac nguyen tac c ban cua phap luat Viet nam Cong c Vien khoan 2 qui nh luat ap dung oi vi cac ben Phap luat Viet nam cho phep cac ben chon luat ap dung cho thoa thuan trong tai nhng ieu nay la khong ung v Hnh thc Nang lc chu the Luat quoc tch qui nh Hnh thc Luat ni ky ket thoa thuan quy nh Noi dung cach thc tien hanh, tham quyen trong tai Luat ni tien hanh trong tai Thc hien quyet nh Luat ni thc hien quyet nh chi phoi Luat chi phoi la luat ni tien hanh trong tai ( va ni thc hien phan quyet ), luat do cac ben chon ap dung se khong co y ngha

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Luat do cac ben chon ap dung se co y ngha oi vi xac lap quyen va ngha vu cua cac ben thoa thuan trong tai ch co y ngha xac lap tham quyen cua trong tai nen viec chon luat khong co tac dung Cong c New York se c u tien ap dung trc ieu 370 luat to tung dan s

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