2.

13 Cho lc quan h R=ABCDEGH v tp ph thuc hm trn

R: F={ABC D, AB E, BC DC, C ED, CE H, DC G, CH G, AD H} 1) Tm mt ph ti tiu ca F. Bc 1 : Tch F thnh mt tp ph thuc hm m v phi ch c mF={ABC D t thuc tnh: C D AB E CE H BC D DC G BC C CH G C E AD H} Bc 2 : Loi b nhng ph thuc hm khng y d : Loi 1 : BC C b khi F

Loi 2 : ABC D BC D C D Loi 3:

Loi b ABC D, BC D khi F

F={AB E, C E, C D, CE H, DC G, CH G, AD H}

Vi AB E A+F = A E B+F = B E Vi CE H C+F = CEDH H thay CE H bi C H Vi DC G D+F = D G C+F = CEDHG G thay DC G bi C G Vi CH G C+F = CEDHG G thay CH G bi C G Vi AD H A+F = A H D+F = D H

Sau bc 2 F={AB E C E C D C H C G AD H} Bc 3 : Vi f1 : AB E, F1 = F \{f1} AB+F1 = AB E Vi f2 : C E, F2 = F \{f2} C+F2 = CDHG E Vi f3 : C H, F3 = F \{f3} C+F3 = CEDG H Vi f4 : AD H, F4= F \{f4} AD+F4 = AD H Vy PTT(F) ={AB E, C E, C D, C H, C G, AD H}

2) Tm mt kho ca R da vo F PTT(F) ={AB E, C E, C D, C H, C G, AD H} D

H E

K = ABC B K+F = ABCDEGH Vy K=ABC l kho ca R.

3) Tm mt phn r ca R da trn ph ti tiu ca F c dng chun 3 v bo ton thng tin. F = {AB E, C E, C D, C H, C G, AD H} ABCDEGH AB E ABE ABCDGH C D CD ABCGH C H CH ABCG

dng chun 3 ca R.

= {ABE, CD, CH, ABCG} l mt phn r bo ton thng tin,

2.14 Cho lc quan h R=ABCDEGHI v tp ph thuc hm

trn R : F={ACB, ABCD, CD, CIDG, ACBD, ECD, ACBI, ECA, EGB, GCD} 1) Tm mt ph ti tiu ca F. Bc 1 : Tch F thnh mt tp ph thuc hm m v phi ch c mt thuc tnh: EC, F={AC, ED, AB, ACB, ABC, ACI , ABD, ECA, CD, EGB, CID, GC, CIG, GD} ACB, ACD,

Bc 2 : Loi b nhng ph thuc hm khng y d Loi 1 : Khng c. Loi 2 : A C Loi b AB C khi F AB C A B Loi b AC B khi F AC B C D CI D Loi b CI D, AC D khi F AC D Loi 3 : Vi ABD C A+F = ACBD cha D thay ABD bi AD Vi CI G C C+F = CD khng cha G C I+F = I khng cha G

Vi AC I C A+F = ACBDI cha I thay ACI bi AI Vi EC A C E+F = ECDA cha A thay ECA bi EA Vi EG B C E+F = ECDAB cha B thay EGB bi EB Sau bc 2 F={AC, ED, AB, AI , AD, EA, CD, EB, CIG, GC, EC, GD} Bc 3 : Vi f1= AC, F1 = F\{f1} A+F1 = ABDI khng cha C. Vi f2= AB, F2 = F\{f2} A+F2 = ACDIG khng cha B.

Vi f3= AD, F3 = F\{f3} A+F3 = ACBD cha D, loi f3 khi F. Vi f4= CD, F4 = F\{f4} C+F4 = C khng cha D. Vi f5= EC, F5 = F\{f5} E+F5 = EDAC cha C, loi f5 khi F. Vi f6= ED, F6 = F\{f6} E+F6 = EABCD cha D, loi f6 khi F. Vi f7= EB, F7 = F\{f7} E+F7 = EACB cha B, loi f7 khi F. Vi f8= GC, F8 = F\{f8} G+F8 = GD khng cha C. Vi f9= GD, F9 = F\{f9} G+F9 = GCD AB, loi CIG, AI , EA, GC} Vy PTT(F)={AC,cha D,CD,f9 khi F.

2) Tm mt kha ca R da vo ph ti tiu ca F. PTT(F)={AC, AB, CD, CIG, AI , EA, GC} th ca R v F : D E A C G H B I

K = HE K+F=HEACBDIG = R Vy HE l mt kho ca R.

3) Tm mt phn r ca R da trn ph ti tiu ca F c dng chun 3 v bo ton thng tin. PTT(F)={AC, AB, CD, CIG, AI , EA, GC} ABCDEGHI AC AC AB AI ABDEGHI AB ADEGHI AI ADEGH EA

EA DEGH = {AC, AB, AI, EA, DEGH} l mt phn r bo ton thng tin, dng chun 3 ca R.

2.15 Cho lc quan h R=ABCDEGH v tp ph thuc hm trn R: F={ACB, ABCD, CD, CHDG, ECD, ACBD, ECA, EGB, GCD} 1) Tm mt ph ti tiu ca F. Bc 1 : Tch F thnh mt tp ph thuc hm m v phi ch c mt thuc tnh: F={AC, CHD, ACD, AB, CHG, ECA, ABC, EC, EGB, ABD, ED, GC, CD, ACB, GD} Bc 2 : Loi b nhng ph thuc hm khng y d Loi 1 : Khng c. Loi 2 : A C Loi b AB C khi F AB C

Loi 3 : Vi ABD C A+F = ACBD cha D thay ABD bi AD Vi CH G C C+F = CD khng cha G C H+F = H khng cha G Vi EC A C E+F = ECDA cha A thay ECA bi EA Vi EG B C E+F = ECDAB cha B thay EGB bi EB
F={AC, AB, AD, CD, CHG, EC, ED, ECA, EGB, GC, GD}

A B AC B C D CH D AC D

Loi b AC B khi F Loi b CH D, AC D khi F

Sau bc 2 : F={AC, AB, AD, CD, CHG, EC, ED, EA, EB, GC, GD} Bc 3 : Vi f1= AC, F1 = F\{f1} A+F1 = ABD khng cha C. Vi f2= AB, F2 = F\{f2} A+F2 = ACD khng cha B. Vi f3= AD, F3 = F\{f3} A+F3 = ACBD cha D, loi f3 khi F. Vi f4= CD, F4 = F\{f4} C+F4 = C khng cha D. Vi f5= EC, F5 = F\{f5} E+F5 = EDAC cha C, loi f5 khi F. Vi f6= ED, F6 = F\{f6} E+F6 = EABCD cha D, loi f6 khi F. Vi f7= EB, F7 = F\{f7} E+F7 = EACB cha B, loi f7 khi F.

F={AC, AB, AD, CD, CHG, EC, ED, EA, EB, GC, GD}

Vi f8= GC, F8 = F\{f8} G+F8 = GD khng cha C. Vi f9= GD, F9 = F\{f9} G+F9 = GCD cha D, loi f9 khi F. Vy PTT(F) ={AC, AB, CD, CHG, EA, GC}

F={AC, AB, AD, CD, CHG, EC, ED, EA, EB, GC, GD}

2) Tm mt kha ca R da vo ph ti tiu ca F. PTT(F)={AC, AB, CD, CHG, EA, GC} th ca R v F : D E A C G I B H

K = IEH K+F=IEHACBDIG = R Vy IHE l mt kho ca R.

3) Tm mt phn r ca R da trn ph ti tiu ca F c dng chun 3 v bo ton thng tin. PTT(F)={AC, AB, CD, CHG, EA, GC} ABCDEGHI AC AC AB EA ABDEGHI AB ADEGHI EA DEGHI

= {AC, AB, EA, DEGHI} l mt phn r bo ton thng tin,

dng chun 3 ca R.