E THI MON VAT LY KY THI TUYEN SINH AI HOC

NAM 2006

PHAN CHUNG CHO TAT CA CAC TH SINH
Cau I (2 iem)
1) Ba vach co bc song dai nhat trong day Laiman cua quang
pho hiro la
1
=0,1220um;
2
=0,1028um;
3
=0,0975um. Hoi
khi nguyen t hiro b kch thch sao cho electron chuyen len
quy ao N th nguyen t co the phat ra cac bc xa ng vi
nhng vach nao trong day Banme? Tnh nang lng cua
photon ng vi cac bc xa o. Cho hang so Plang
h=6,625.10
-34
J.s; van toc anh sang trong chan khong
c=3.10
8
m/s.
2) Hat nhan poloni
( )
210
84
Po phong ra hat va bien thanh hat
nhan ch (Pb) ben.
a) Viet phng trnh dien ta qua trnh phong xa va cho biet
cau tao cua hat nhan ch.
b) Ban au co mot mau poloni nguyen chat. Hoi sau bao lau
th t le gia khoi lng ch va khoi lng poloni con lai trong
mau la n = 0,7? Biet chu k ban ra cua poloni la 138,38 ngay .
Lay ln2=0,693; ln1,71=0,536.
Cau II (2 iem)
1) The nao la hai nguon song ket hp? Tai sao hai khe S
1
, S
2

trong th nghiem Iang ve giao thoa anh sang n sac la hai
nguon song anh sang ket hp?
2) Trong th nghiem Iang ve giao thoa anh sang, khoang cach
gia hai khe S
1
, S
2
la a=1mm, khoang cach t hai khe en man
quan sat D = 2m.
a) Chieu sang hai khe bang anh sang n sac co bc song

1
=0,6um. Tnh khoang van.
b) Chieu ong thi hai bc xa n sac co bc song
1
=0,6um
va
2
=0,5um vao hai khe th thay tren man co nhng v tr tai
o van sang cua hai bc xa trung nhau, goi la van trung. Tnh
khoang cach nho nhat gia hai van trung.
Cau III (2 iem)
Mot con lac n gom mot vat nho co khoi lng m=2g va mot
day treo manh, chieu dai , c kch thch cho dao ong ieu
hoa. Trong khoang thi gian t con lac thc hien 40 dao ong.
Khi tang chieu dai con lac them mot oan bang 7,9cm, th
cung trong khoang thi gian t no thc hien c 39 dao ong.
Lay gia toc trong trng g=9,8m/s
2
.
1) K hieu chieu dai mi cua con lac la . Tnh , va cac
chu k dao ong T, T tng ng.
2) e con lac vi chieu dai co cung chu k dao ong nh
con lac chieu dai , ngi ta truyen cho vat ien tch
q=+0,5.10
-8
C roi cho no dao ong ieu hoa trong mot ien
trng eu E

co cac ng sc thang ng. Xac nh chieu

dai va o ln cua vect cng o ien trng.
Cau IV (2 iem)
Cho mach ien xoay chieu nh hnh 1, trong o A la ampe ke
nhiet, ien tr R
o
=100, X la mot hop kn cha hai trong ba
phan t (cuon day thuan cam L, tu ien C, ien tr thuan R)
mac noi tiep. Bo qua ien tr cua ampe ke, khoa K va day noi.
at vao hai au M va N cua mach ien mot hieu ien the xoay
chieu co gia tr hieu dung khong oi va co bieu thc
MN
u 200 2 sin 2 ft(V) = .


Hnh 1

1)a) Vi f=50Hz th khi khoa K ong, ampe ke ch 1A. Tnh
ien dung C
o
cua tu ien.
b) Khi khoa K ngat, thay oi tan so th thay ung khi f=50Hz,
ampe ke ch gia tr cc ai va hieu ien the gia hai au hop
kn X lech pha /2 so vi hieu ien the gia hai iem M va D.
Hoi hop X cha nhng phan t nao? Tnh cac gia tr cua chung.
2) Khoa K van ngat, thay oi f th thay ampe ke ch cung tr so
khi f=f
1
hoac f=f
2
. Biet f
1
+ f
2
=125Hz. Tnh f
1
, f
2
va viet bieu
thc cng o dong ien qua mach khi o. Cho tg33
0
0,65.
PHAN T CHON : Th sinh chon cau V.a hoac cau V.b
Cau V.a. Theo chng trnh THPT khong phan ban (2 iem)
1) Mat mot ngi can th co iem cc can cach mat 15cm.
Ngi o quan sat vat nho qua mot knh lup co tieu c f=5cm.
Knh c at sao cho tieu iem cua no trung vi quang tam
cua mat. Khi o vi moi v tr at vat trc knh e mat nhn ro
vat th thay o boi giac cua knh khong oi. Hay giai thch ieu
o va tnh o boi giac.
2) Cho quang he nh hnh 2: thau knh hoi tu mong, tieu c f
va gng cau loi co goc m nho, tieu c f
G
=20cm, c at
ong truc chnh, mat phan xa cua gng quay ve pha thau
knh va cach thau knh mot khoang a=20cm. Mot vat phang,
nho AB at vuong goc vi truc chnh cua quang he, A nam tren
truc chnh va cach thau knh mot khoang d (0 < d < a). K hieu
AB la anh cua vat qua thau knh, AB la anh cua vat cho
bi he gng va thau knh. Biet AB la anh ao, AB la anh
that, ong thi hai anh co cung o cao.

Hnh 2


a) Viet bieu thc o phong ai cua cac anh AB, AB theo d
va f.
b) Xac nh tieu c cua thau knh.
Cau V.b.Theo chng trnh THPT phan ban th iem (2 iem)
1) Cho c he nh hnh 3 gom mot thanh cng OA ong chat,
tiet dien eu, chieu dai co the quay quanh mot truc co nh,
thang ng, vuong goc vi thanh au O. Mot vat nho khoi
lng M long ra ngoai thanh, co the trt tren thanh va c
gi trung iem B cua thanh nh si day manh, khong dan.
Bo qua moi lc can, khoi lng cua day va chot chan A. He
ang quay eu vi van toc goc
0
= 8 rad/s th vat tuot khoi
day va trt ti chot A. Xem vat nh mot chat iem. Xac nh
vat toc goc cua he khi vat A trong hai trng hp:


Hnh 3

a) Thanh co momen quan tnh khong ang ke.
b) Thanh co cung khoi lng nh vat va momen quan tnh oi
vi truc quay bang
2
1
M
3
.
2) Mot thanh OE ong chat, tiet dien eu, co chieu dai 80cm
va khoi lng 0,4kg. au O cua thanh c gan vao tng
bang mot ban le nh hnh 4. Thanh c gi nam ngang nh
day ED khong dan; day hp vi thanh mot goc = 30
0
va chu
c lc cang ln nhat bang 20N. Treo vat co trong lng
P
0
=10N vao thanh tai iem C. Bo qua ma sat ban le. Lay gia
toc trong trng g = 9,8m/s
2
.

B
A G O
d
a
A
o
B
M
O
A X
K
o o
R
o
C
o
D

M

N




Hnh 4



a) Xac nh v tr iem C xa O nhat e day van cha t.
b) Tnh o ln cua phan lc do ban le tac dung len thanh ng
vi trng hp iem C xa nhat tm c y 2a).

BAI GIAI
Cau I
1) Bc song cua hai vach day Banme :
E
3
E
1
= E
3
E
2
+ E
2
E
1


31 32 21
hc hc hc
= +


32 31 21
1 1 1
=



32
=
21 31
21 31
0,122 0,1028
0, 6532
0,122 0,1028

= =

um
E
4
E
1
= E
4
E
2
+ E
2
E
1


41 42 21
hc hc hc
= +


42 41 21
1 1 1
=



42
=
21 41
21 41
0,122 0, 0975
0, 4855
0,122 0, 0975

= =

um
Nang lng photon :

34 8
20
1 6
32
hc 6, 625.10 .3.10
30, 4271.10
0, 6532.10

= = =

J

34 8
20
2 6
42
hc 6, 625.10 .3.10
40, 9372.10
0, 4855.10

= = =

J
2a) Phng ttnh phong xa:
210 A 4
84 Z 2
Po X He +
L bao toan ien tch: 84 = Z + 2 Z = 82
L bao toan khoi: 210 = A + 4 A = 206

A 206
Z 82
X Pb =
Cau tao hat nhan ch: Z = 82 (Proton);
N = 206 82 = 124 (Ntron)
2b) So hat nhan
210
Po b phan ra bang so hat nhan ch tao
thanh:
t
Pb 0
N N N (1 e )

= = (1)
khoi lng hat nhan
210
Po va
206
Pb tai thi iem t:


=


=
`

=

)
Po
Po
A
Pb Pb
Pb Po Po
Pb
A
N 210
m
N m N 206
N 206 m N 210
m
N
(2)
nh luat phong xa:

=
t
Po 0
N N e (3)
the (1); (3) vao (2):

=
= =

= =
t
0
t
0
t
N (1 e ) 206
0, 7
N e 210
e 1, 71
0,693
t t 0, 536
T
0,536 T 0,536 138,38
t
0,693 0,693

t = 107 ngay

Cau II:
1) Hai nguon song ket hp thoa cac ieu kien:
- Cung phng dao ong
- Cung tan so
- o lech pha khong phu thuoc thi gian.
Hai khe S
1
, S
2
trong th nghiem Young ve giao thoa la 2
nguon ket hp.
V : - T 1 nguon sang S ban au phat ra cung f
- S; S
1
; S
2
luon xac nh o lech pha khong phu thuoc
thi gian
Nguon ket hp.
2a) Khoang van:

= = =
3 3
1
1
D 0,6.10 .2.10
i 1,2
a 1
mm
b) Khoang cach nho nhat gia 2 van sang trung nhau cua 2
bc xa
1
,
2
:

1 2
1 1 2 2
D D
x k ; x k
a a

= =
v tr trung nhau:
1 2 1 1 2 2
x x k k = =
1 2
2 1
1
2
k 0, 5 5
k 0,6 6
k 5
k 6

= = =

khoang cach nho nhat:

= = = = =
1 1
min 1 1 1
k D
x x k i 5 1, 2 6mm
a

Cau III:
1) Goi chu ky con lac co chieu dai , la T, T
t = nT=nT
= =

T ' 40
T' 39
= =

T' ' 40
T 39

=
2
2
40
'
39
(1)
= + =
2
2
40
'
39
(at = 7,9cm)
= =
2
39 x 7,9
152,1cm
79

= + = + = ' 152,1 7, 9 160cm
2) Chu ky con lac trong ien trng: =
'
T' 2 (1)
g'

Chu ky con lac co chieu dai : =

T 2 (2)
g

T = T; t (1) va (2)
'
=
g g'

=

' g
g' (3)
g > g (v q > 0) E

hng xuong
Mat khac: P = P + qE
qE
g' g
m
= +
(2); (3) = +

' g qE
g
m


C

0
P

O
E

D

= =

3
8
mg ' 2.10 .9,8(160 152,1)
E .
q
0,5.10 .152,1

E = 2,036.10
5
V/m
Cau IV
U
MN
=
OMN
U
200(V)
2
=
1)a) f = 50Hz 2 f 100 (rad / s) = =
K ong:



MN
MN
U 200
Z 200
I 1
= = =
Vi :
2 2 2
MN 0 Co
Z R Z = +

2 2 2 2 2 4
Co MN 0
Z Z R 200 100 3.10 = = =

Co
Z 100 3 = C
0
=
Co
1 1
Z 100 3.100
=

=
4
3.10 F
3

b) K ngat :
I
max
: xay ra hien tng cong hng
Do u
DN
va u
MD
lech pha /2 hop X cha R va L mac noi tiep

MN
1 u i
= vi tg
1
=
Co
0
Z 100 3
3
R 100

= =

I
=
3

DN
2 u i
=

2 1
2

= =
2 1
2 3 2 6

= + = + = +
Vi Z
L
= Z
Co
= 100 3 L =
L
Z 100 3 3
100
= =

(H)

L
2
Z
tg
R
=
R =
L
2
Z 100 3 100 3
300( )
1
tg
tg
6 3
= = =

Z
L
= Z
C

2
1
LC
=
2)a) I
1
= I
2
vi I
1
va I
2
la cng o dong ien hieu dung ng
vi 2 gia tr f
1
va f
2

I =
MN
MN
U
Z
vi I
1
= I
2

Z
1
= Z
2

2 2
1 2
1 2
1 1
L L
C C
| | | |
=
| |

\ \

L(
1

2
)=
1 2
1 1 1
C
| |

|

\
hay L(
1
+
2
) =
1 2
1 1 1
C
| |
+
|

\

LC =
1 2
1
0
.
<

(loai) hay LC =
1 2
1
.
(nhan)

1
.
2
=
2
1
LC
=
b) 2f
1
.2f
2
= (2)
2
f
2
f
1
.f
2
= f
2

Ta co :
2
1 2
1 2
f .f 50 2500
f f 125
= =

+ =

Vay f
1
, f
2
la nghiem cua phng trnh X
2
125X + 2500=0

1
2
f 100Hz
f 25Hz
=

hay
1
2
f 25Hz
f 100Hz
=

+ f = 100Hz = 2f = 200 (rad/s)
= =

L
3
Z .200 200 3

= = =

2
C 4
1 3
Z .10 50 3
10 2
.200
3



= = = =
+
0 L C
0
Z Z 200 3 50 3
tg 0, 6494 tg33
R R 400

= 33
0
=

33
rad 0, 576rad
180

= + =
2 2
Z 400 3.150 476, 97
= = =
0
0
U 200 2
I 0, 59A
Z 476, 97

i = 0,59sin(200t 0,576) (A)
+ f = 25Hz = 2f = 50 (rad/s)
= =

L
3
Z .50 50 3

= =

C 4
1
Z 200 3
10
.50
3



= = =
+
L C
0
Z Z 50 3 200 3
tg 0, 6495
R R 400

= -33
0
=


33
rad 0, 576rad
180

= + =
2 2
Z 400 (50 3 200 3) 476, 97
= = =
0
0
U 200 2
I 0, 59A
Z 476, 97

i = 0,59sin(50t + 0,576) (A)

Cau V.a
1)






: goc trong anh qua knh lup
tg (rad) = =
AB AB
OF' f


0
: goc trong vat ln nhat
tg
0

0
(rad) =
AB

( la khoang nhn ro ngan nhat cua mat)
A
R
o
C
o
M D N


B
A
B
A
F O
G =

= = =

0
15
3
f 5

Vay G khong phu thuoc vao v tr at vat trc knh lup.

Cach 2:

= = =

1 1
0 0 m m
A B tg d'
G . .
tg AB d d d

Vi : =

d' f
d d f



= = =

m
df d(a f) af
d a d' a
d f (d f)

= =

f f.
G .
d(a f) af
(d f) d(a f) af
(d f)

= = = =

f
a f G 3
af f
(khong phu thuoc d)
Cach 3: = f. o boi giac:
C
D
G k (1)
d' l
=
+

f
k (2)
f d
=

fd fd
d' d' (3)
d f f d
= =

v anh ao
the (2); (3) vao (1):
( )
= = =
| |
+
|

\
C
D f
G const.
fd f
f d f
f d

Vay khi quang tam O
M
cua mat trung vi tieu iem anh F cua
knh lup th o boi giac khong phu thuoc v tr at vat.
2)a) TH1 :
L(f )
O
AB A' B'

k = = = >

A' B' d' f

0
d d f AB



TH2 :
G(f ) L'(f )
1 1 G O
AB A B A"B"

k" = = = <
1 1 1 2
1 2 1 1
A B d ' d ' A"B" A"B"
. . 0
d d AB AB A B

Vi: =

G 1
1 1 G
f d'
d d f
;
d
2
= a d
1
=

1 G
1 G
d f
a
d f

=

1 G G
1 G
d (a f ) af
(d f )

Vi: =

2
2 2
d' f
d d f
=

1 G G
1 G
f
d (a f ) af
f
(d f )


| |

=

G 1 G
1 G 1 G G
f f(d f )
k" .
(d f ) d (a f f ) f (a f)

=

G
1 G G
f .f
d (a f f ) f (a f)

Trong o: d
1
= a d = 20 d va f
G
= 20(cm)

=
+ +
20.f
k"
(20 d)(20 20 f) 20(20 f)

=
+
20.f
1200 40(d f) df

b) Theo e bai AB = AB
= =
k' A' B'
1
k" A"B"

+
=
+ +
f 20f
(d f) 1200 40(d f) df

1200 40(d + f) + df = 20(d f)
d = 60(cm) : loai v 0 < d < a = 20cm hay f = 20(cm)
Cau V.b. 1)Theo nh luat bao toan momen ong lng:
Vi :
=
`
=
)
0 0 0
L I .
L I.
I
0

0
= I (*)
a) Thanh co momen quan tnh khong ang ke, ta co:

| |
=
|
\

2
0
I M
2
; =
2
I M
(*)
| |
=
|
\

2
2
0
M . M .
2

= =
0
2(rad / s)
4

Cach 2: Khi thanh co momen quan tnh khong ang ke
Goi I
0
va I
1
la momen quan tnh cua khoi M oi vi truc
quay khi khoi M v tr au va v tr cuoi.

| |
= =
|
\

2
2
0 0 1 1 0 1
I I M M
2

= =
0
1
2(rad / s)
4

b) Thanh co momen quan tnh
2
1
M
2
, ta co:

| |
= +
|
\

2
2
0
1
I M M
3 2
; = +
2 2
1
I M M
3

(*)

| |
+ = +

|

\

2
2 2 2
0
1 1
M M M M
3 2 3

=
0
7 4
12 3
= = =
0 0
3 7 7
. . 3, 5(rad / s)
4 12 16

Cach 2: Thanh co momen qua n tnh o i v i tru c quay ba ng
2
1
M
3


| |
| | | |
+ = + |
| |
|
\ \

\

2
2 2 2
0 1
1 1
M M M M
2 3 3


| |
= =
|
\
1 0
7
3, 5(rad / s)
16

2)a) Tong momen lc oi vi iem O bang khong:

b) Ta co: + + + =

0 1
N T P P 0
Chieu xuong truc nam ngang: N
x
= Tcos30
0
=
Chieu xuo ng truc thang ng: N
y
= P
0
+ P
1
Tsin30
0
= 3,92N
Vay = + =
2 2
x y
N N N 17,8N


d d
d
1 d
1
d
2 d
2

a=d
1
+ d
2