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PHNG PHP DNG HO CHT PHN BIT CC CHT HU C V V C

I) NHN BIT CC KH HU C : Cht cn Loi thuc th Hin tng nhn Metan Kh Clo Mt mu vng lc ca kh (CH4 ) Clo Etilen D.D Brom Mt mu da cam ca d.d Br2 (C2H4 ) Axetilen Dd Br2 , sau -Mt mu vng lc nc Br2. (C2H2 ) dd AgNO3 / NH3 - C kt ta mu vng II) NHN BIT CC CHT HU C : Cht cn nhn Loi thuc th Hin tng Benzen - Nc l - Khng tan. (C6H6 ) - Kim loi Na - Khng c hin tng. Ru Etylic - t chy. - Chy khng khi ( xanh (C2H5OH ) - Kim loi Na. m) - Na tan, c H2 sinh ra. Axit Axetic - Na2CO3 - C kh CO2 thot ra. ( CH3COOH ) - Kim loi Zn - C kh H2 thot ra. Glucoz - d.d AgNO3 - C Ag ( trng gng ) (C6H12O6) Saccaroz - H2SO4 ri - C Ag ( trng gng ) (C12H22O11) vo AgNO3 Tinh bt I t ( dd mu - C mu xanh xut hin. ( C6H10O5) nu) Etyl Axetat ( Este) - dd NaOH long mu hng ( c ha Phenol) Mt mu hng Phng trnh ho hc CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl ( vng lc) ( khng mu) C2H4 + Br2 d.d C2H4Br2 Da cam khng mu C2H2 + Br2 Ag C = C Ag + H2O ( vng ) Phng trnh ho hc

2C2H5OH +2 Na 2C2H5ONa + H2 CH3COOH+Na2CO3 CH3COONa + +H2O + CO2 CH3COOH+Zn (CH3COO)2Zn +H2 C6H12O6 + Ag2O

NH3

C6H12O7 + Ag

III)
Cht cn nhn Axit H2SO4 long H2SO4 (, n) HNO3 ( ) Baz kim Baz kim

PHN BIT V NHN BIT CC CHT LNG : Loi thuc th Qu tm BaCl2 ; Ba(OH)2 Cu Fe hay Mg Qu tm Nhm Hin tng Chuyn thnh mu C kt ta trng C kh SO2 C kh mu nu NO2 Thnh mu xanh Tan ra, c kh H2 Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + H2
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Phng trnh ho hc

H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2 HCl 2H2SO4,n + Cu CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 6 HNO3 ( ) + Fe Fe(NO3)3 +3 H2O + 3NO2

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Ca(OH)2 H2O Mui : Cl Mui : CO3 Mui : SO3 Mui : PO4 Mui : SO4 Mui : NO3 Mui St ( III

CO2 hoc SO2 Kim loi Na, K AgNO3 HCl hoc H2SO4 HCl hoc H2SO4 AgNO3 BaCl2 ; Ba(OH)2 H2SO4c + Cu NaOH d.d

C kt ta trng C kh H2 C kt ta AgCl Tan ra, c kh CO2 Tan ra, c kh SO2 C Ag3PO4 vng C kt ta trng C dd xanh + NO2 nu C Fe(OH)3 nu

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O 2 H2O + 2 Na 2 NaOH + H2

AgNO3 + KCl AgCl + KNO3 2HCl + CaCO3 CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 H2SO4 + Na2SO3 Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 3AgNO3 + Na3PO4 Ag3PO4 + 3 NaNO3 BaCl2 + Na2SO4 2NaCl + BaSO4 H2SO4 + Cu + NaNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 + NO2 + H2O 3 NaOH + FeCl3 3NaCl + Fe(OH)3 2NaOH + FeCl2 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2 4 Fe(OH)2 + 2 H2O + O2 4 Fe(OH)3 3 NaOH + AlCl3 3 NaCl + Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + CaCl2 2NaCl + CaCO3 Na2S + PbCl2 2 NaCl + PbS

Mui St ( II ) NaOH d.d Mui ng Mui Nhm Mui Can xi Mui Ch

NaOH d Na2CO3 d.d Na2S d.d

Fe(OH)2 trng sau b ho nu ngoi k. kh D. dch c mu xanh. Al(OH)3 ; sau tan ra . C CaCO3 PbS mu en

IV) NHN BIT CC CHT KH : Cht cn nhn NH3 NO2 NO H2S O2 CO2 CO SO2 SO3 Cl2 Loi thuc th Qu tm t - Mu cht kh - Giy qi tm m Dng khng kh hoc Oxi trn Cu(NO3)2 Tn m Nc vi trong Ca(OH)2 hoc tn m t chy, cho sn phm qua nc vi trong Nc vi trong Ca(OH)2 Qi tm m D.D BaCl Qu tm m Hin tng i thnh mu Xanh Mi khai Mu nu Qu tm chuyn thnh T khng mu, ho thnh nu CuS mu en Kh c mi trng thi Bng chy sng Nc vi trong b c - Tn m tt i Sn phm lm nc vi trong b c Nc vi trong b c Qu tm ho Nc vi trong b c Qu tm mt mu Phng trnh ho hc

3 NO2 +H2O 2 HNO3 + NO 2 NO + O2 2 NO2 H2S + CuCl2 CuS + HCl

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 2CO + O2 2CO2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O SO3 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + H2O

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HCl H2

Qu tm m t: c ting n nh

Qu tm ha thnh Sn phm khng c nc vi trong Tn m vn bnh thng

Khng kh Tn m cn

V) NHN BIT CC KIM LOI : Cht cn nhn Na ; K Ca Al Zn Mg -- > Pb Cu Ag Loi thuc th Nc (H2O) Nc (H2O) Dd Kim : NaOH Hoc: HNO3 c Dd Kim : NaOH Hoc: HNO3 c Axit HCl d.d AgNO3 Hin tng Tan v c kh H2 Tan v c kh H2. Dd lm nc vi trong c. - Tan ra v c kh H2 - Khng tan trong HNO3 c - Tan ra v c kh H2 - Tan, c NO2 nu - C H2 sinh ra. Phng trnh ho hc K + H2O K2O + H2

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2 NaAlO2 +3H2

Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 Cu + 2AgNO3Cu(NO3)2 +Ag

- Tan ra; c cht rn trng xm bm ngai; dd mu xanh. - HNO3 - Tan, c kh mu nu NO2 -Ri vo d.d NaCl - C kt ta trng

VI) NHN BIT CC PHI KIM : Cht cn nhn I2 (Rn -tm) S (Rn - vng) P ( Rn - ) C (Rn - en ) Loi thuc th H tinh bt t trong O2 hoc khng kh - t chy ri cho SP vo nc, th qu tm t chy cho SP vo nc vi trong Hin tng C mu xanh xut hin. C kh SO2 trng, mi hc Sn phm lm qu tm ha - Nc vi trong b c Phng trnh ho hc

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