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ng dng ca enzyme trong nng nghip

Vic s dng enzyme trong nng nghip, ch yu l trong chn nui tng hiu sut s dng thc n, sn xut thc sn d tiu ha cho ng vt, c bit l ng ct cn non tng hiu qu s dng thc n. C 2 cch s dng : trn E vo thc n trc khi dng, hoc x l thc n vi E chuyn thnh dng d tiu ha ri mi cho ng vt n. Thnh phn thc n ca nhiu ng vt ch yu l ng cc, c b sung cc nguyn liu giu protein nh u tng v nguyn liu giu lipid. Nhiu thc n thc vt c cha khong 30% l cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin l nhng cht m nhiu ng vt khng hp th c. mc d h tiu ha ca ng vt cng co cc E phn gii cc cht dinh duongx trong thc n (tinh bt, protein, lipid) nhng thng khng tiu ha ton b thc n. V d, ngi ta tnh c rng ln khng th tiu ha 1/5 khu phn thc n hng ngy. S dng E trong chn nui co nhng li ch sau: Phn gii cc cht khng dinh dng c trong nguyn liu, lm cho vic tiu ha thc n tt hn. Phn gii cc thnh phn cu trc ca ng cc, do cc cht dinh dng d tch ra hn, lm tng h s s dng thc n. Phn gii cc cht dinh dng dng polymer phn t ln thnh cc sn phm phn t thp d tiu ha, d hp th, tng hiu qu hp th ca thc n. iu ny c bit c li ng vt cn non. Gim nhim mi trng.

Vic s dng E phc v chn nui c bt u ti lin x t nhng nm 1970, ch yu l cc sn phm E th(cha tinh sch hoc c tinh sch t 3-10 ln) t sinh vt vi cc tn khc nhau nh amilorizin, glucoavamorin, c cha n 5 E thy phn khc nhau (amylase, dextrinase, maltase, glucoamylase v protease). Kt qu nghin cu cho thy s dng cellulose phn gii cellulose khng ch c tc dng chuyn ha n thnh dng hp th c m cn c nh hng tt n vic s dng protein v nng lng ca khu phn. Vd : thm ch phm subtilase vo thc n ca ln lm tng trng cao i chng t 1520%, i vi g l 10-13%...... Vo nhng nm 1980 phn lan b sung betaglucanase b sung vo thc n l la mch chn nui gia cm, v c xem l s dung E vi quy m ln nht trong chn nui. cng ng chu u vic s dng E trong chn nui kh ph bin, ch yu l chn nui gia cm vi thc n cha E. Cho n nay, cc E c dng nhiu v cho hiu qu cao l cc enzyme phn gii polysaccharide khc tinh bt (pentosan) ca la m, la mch, yn mch. Cc cht ny c xem l cc cht khng dinh dng, v dng ha tan n lm tang dnh trong rut non ca ng vt, do lm gim mc v tc tiu ha cc cht dinh dng. do vo khong nm 2003 cc E c ch s dng l sylanase (phn gii arabinoxylancua thc n la m) v betaglucanase thy phn betaglucan ca la mch.

S dng betaglucan trong thc n ng vt trong nhiu nm cho thy em li li ch r rt, c bit trn ln v gia cm khi s dng thc n c cha t 30% thc n l la mch. Ngoi 2 E k trn th cc enzyme nh: phytase, protease, amylase cng ang c s dng. Phytase c tc dng thy phn acid phytic(myo-inositol hesakisdihydrogenphosphate), l dng d tr phosphor trong nhiu loi ng cc v u c dng lm thc n cho ng vt. t l phosphor trong acid phytic/phospho tng s ca u tng l 60%, ng l 72%, la m l 70%. Cc ng vt d dy n ch tiu ha mt phn nh acid phytic, phn cn li ddcj bi tit ra ngoi, gy nhim phosphophytate trong moi trng. o Acid phytic cng c tc dng bao vy potasium, calcium, ng, km v cc magnesium, do n cng c coi l cht khng dinh dng. vy s dng phytase, mt mt lm tng gi tr dinh dng ca thc n, gim tc dng khng cht dinh dng ca acid phytic, mt khc lm gim nhim mi trng. Protease, c tc dng thy phn protein thnh cc peptid phn t thp, d tiu ha, thng c s dng cng vi cc enzyme khc. Cc enzyme ny c tc dng thy phn cc cht khng dinh dng c bn cht protein nh lectin, cc protein km hm. Protease thng c nhiu trong cc loi u, c bit l u tng. Alpha-amylase: thy phn tinh bt, thng c trn vo thc n cho ln giai on cai sa. Trong tng lai m rng v ph trin cc ng dng cua enzyme pducj v chn nui cn la chn cc enzyme c bn cao cc iu khin sn xut thc n cho ng vt. bn vi cc thnh phn thng c trong thc n ca ng vt. Cho n nay hu ht cc enzyme c s dng trong chn nui thng c tch t vi sinh vt v nm mc, mt hng nghin cu ang c lu tm cch a cc gen ca enzyme ny vo thc vt biu hin trong chnh thc vt dng lm thc n cho ng vt.

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