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Ths. Nguyn Tng v Ting Ph Thng Nng Khiu



HNG DN GII THI TUYN SINH LP 10 NM 2011
Mn thi: TON (chuyn)
Thi gian lm bi: 150 pht, khng th thi gian pht .

Cu I. Cho phng tiinh x
2
(m+ 3)x + m
2
= 0, tiong o m l tham s sao
cho phng tiinh co hai nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2

a) Khi m = 1, chng minh ing ta co h thc

x
1
8
+

x
2
8
=

2 +
.
2 + 6
b) Tim tt c cc gi ti m sao cho

x
1
+

x
2
= 5
c) Xt a thc P(x) = x
3
+ ox
2
+ bx . Tim tt c cc cp s (o, b) sao cho
ta co h thc P(x
1
) = P(x
2
) vi mi gi ti ca tham s m
Li gii.
Ta c A = (m+3)
2
4m
2
= 3(m+1)(3-m). A > 0 -1 < m < 3.
a) Khi m = 1, phng trnh c hai nghim dng x
1
, x
2
. Theo nh l Vit ta c
x
1
+ x
2
= 4, x
1
.x
2
= 1. Ta bin i tng ng
6 2 6 6 2 2
6 2 6 2 2 2 6 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
4
2 1 2 1
4
2
4
1
8
2 1
4
2
4
1
8
2
8
1
= + + = + + = + +
+ = + + + = + + + + = +
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
H thc cui cng ng do x
1
+ x
2
= 4 v x
1
x
2
= 1.
b) phng trnh c hai nghim khng m th
0
0 1 3
0
S m
P
A >

> < <

>

(*)
Theo nh l Viet th x
1
+ x
2
= m+3 v x
1
x
2
= m
2
. Ta c
. 2 | | 2 5 2 3 5 2 5
2
2 1 2 1 2 1
= + = + + = + + = + m m m m x x x x x x
Gii phng trnh ny, ta c hai nghim . 2 ,
3
2
= = m m So snh vi iu
kin (*) trn ta loi nghim m = -2.
Vy gi tr m 5
2 1
= + x x l
3
2
= m .
c) Ta c P(x
1
) = P(x
2
) x
1
3
x
2
3
+ a(x
1
2
-x
2
2
) + b(x
1
-x
2
) = 0
(x
1
-x
2
)(x
1
2
+x
1
x
2
+x
2
2
+a(x
1
+x
2
)+b) = 0
(x
1
-x
2
)((x
1
+x
2
)
2
x
1
x
2
+ a(x
1
+x
2
)+b) = 0
(x
1
-x
2
)((m+3)
2
m
2
+ a(m+3)+b) = 0
(6+a)m + 9 + 3a + b = 0 vi mi - 1 < m < 3
a = - 6, b = 9.
Vy (a, b) = (-6, 9) l cp s cn tm.
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Ths. Nguyn Tng v Ting Ph Thng Nng Khiu


Cu II.
a) Cho o, b l cc s thc ung. Tim gi ti nh nht ca biu thc
P =
1 + o
2
1 + b
2
1 + ob

b) Cho x, y , z l cc s thc tha mn iu kin |x| 1, |y| 1, |z| 1.
Chng minh ing ta co bt ng thc:
.1 x
2
+ .1 y
2
+ .1 z
2
.9 (x + y + z)
2

Li gii.
a) Ta c o
2
+ b
2
2ob, suy ra 1 + o
2
+ b
2
+ o
2
b
2
1 + 2ob + o
2
b
2

(1 + o
2
)(1 + b
2
) (1 + ob)
2

1 + o
2
. 1 + b
2
1 + ob (v 1+ ab > 0)

1+u
2
1+b
2
1+ub
1 (v 1 + ab > 0)
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi a = b.
Vy minP = 1 khi v ch khi a = b.

b) Bnh phng hai v ca bt ng thc, ta c bt ng thc tng ng
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
) ( 9 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 z y x x z z y y x z y x + + s + + + + +

zx yz xy x z z y y x + + s + + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
.
hon tt php chng minh, ta ch cn chng minh xy y x s 1 1 1
2 2
. Tht
vy, do 1 xy 0 nn (*) tng ng vi
(1 x
2
)(1 y
2
) (1 xy)
2
(x y)
2
0 (hin nhin ng)

Cu III. Cho tam gic ABC c AB = b, AC = b. N l mt im thay i tin cnh
AB. ng tion ngoi tip tam gic BNC ct AC ti N.
a) Chng minh ing tam gic ANN ng ung vi tam gic ACB. Tinh t s
MA
MB
uin tich tam gic ANN bng mt na uin tich tam gic ACB.
b) ui I l tm ng tion ngoi tip tam gic ANN. Chng minh ing I lun
thuc mt ng thng c nh.
c) ui I l tm ng tion ngoi tip tam gic BNC. Chng minh ing ui
II khng i.
Li gii.
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Ths. Nguyn Tng v Ting Ph Thng Nng Khiu


a) Theo tnh cht ca t gic ni tip ta c ZANM = ZMBC = ZABC. Mt
khc ZNAM = ZBAC. Suy ra hai tam gic AMN v ACB ng dng.
T hai tam gic ng dng ny ta suy ra AM.AB = AN.AC. din tch tam
gic AMN bng mt na din tch tam gic ACB th t s ng dng phi bng
2
1
, tc l
2
1
=
AC
AM
. Suy ra
2
c
AM = . T y ta tnh c
2
c
b BM = . Suy
ra .
2 c b
c
BM
AM

=
b) Cch 1. Gi O l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC v AH l ng
cao ca tam gic ABC. Khi d thy rng ZOAC = ZBAH. T , do
ZANM = ZACH nn t y ta suy ra OA vung gc MN, suy ra AO l
ng cao trong tam gic ANM. T y, cng do ZNAO = ZMAH.
Mt khc do tam gic AMN v ABC ng dng nn suy ra IAM v OAC ng
dng, do ZIAM = Z CAO = Z MAH, nn tm I ng trn ngoi tip tam
gic AMN nm trn AH c nh (pcm). (1 )
Cch 2 chng minh AO NM: V tip tuyn Ax ca (O), ta c OA Ax.
xAM = ACB = AMN, suy ra Ax//MN. Do OA MN
Cch 2
Ta c I l tm ng trn nn ZAIM = 2ZANM = 2ZABC.
M tam gic AIM cn ti I nn ZMAI = (180
0
- ZAIM) = 90
0
- ZABC.
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Ths. Nguyn Tng v Ting Ph Thng Nng Khiu

Suy ra ZMAI + ZABC = 90 nn AI BC, I thuc ng cao AH ca tam gic
ABC.

c) V hai ng trn ngoi tip hai tam gic ABC v BMC c chung dy cung
BC nn OJ vung gc vi BC. Theo chng minh trn th AI vung gc vi
BC. Suy ra AI // OJ. Tng t, IJ vung gc vi MN v AO vung gc vi
MN theo cu a), suy ra IJ // AO. Suy ra AIJO l hnh bnh hnh. Suy ra IJ =
AO = R khng i (pcm).

Cu IV. Cho o, b, c l cc s nguyn sao cho 2o + b, 2b + c, 2c + o u l cc s
chinh phng (*).
a) Bit ing co it nht mt tiong ba s chinh phng noi tin chia ht cho
3. Chng minh ing tich (o b)(b c)(c o) chia ht cho 27.
b) Tn ti hay khng cc s nguyn o, b, c tha iu kin (*) sao cho
(o b)(b c)(c o) chia ht cho 27?
Li gii.

a) Gi s 2a + b = m
2
, 2b + c = n
2
, 2c + a = p
2
.
Cng ba ng thc li, ta c 3(a + b + c) = m
2
+ n
2
+ p
2
. Suy ra m
2
+ n
2
+ p
2
chia
ht cho 3.
Ch rng bnh phng ca mt s nguyn chia 3 d 0 hoc 1. Do nu c 1
trong 3 s, chng hn m chia ht cho 3 th n
2
+ p
2
chia ht cho 3 v nh th n
2
v
p
2
cng phi chia ht cho 3.
Cui cng, ch rng nu 2a + b chia ht cho 3 th a b = 3a (2a+b) chia ht cho
3. Tng t ta c b c v c a chia ht cho 3, suy ra (a b)(b c)(c a) chia ht
cho 27.
b) Tn ti. Chng hn c th ly a = 2, b = 0, c = 1.

Cu V. Cho hinh ch nht ABCB co AB = 3, BC = 4.
a) Chng minh ing t 7 im bt k tiong hinh ch nht ABCB lun tim
c hai im m khong cch gia chng khng ln hn 5
b) Chng minh ing khng nh cu a) vn con ng vi 6 im bt k
nm tiong hinh ch nht ABCB.
Li gii.
a) Chia hnh ch nht 3 x 4 thnh 6 hnh ch nht con 1 x 2. Theo nguyn l
Dirichlet, tn ti 2 trong 7 im cho thuc vo 1 hnh ch nht v do
ng knh ca hnh ch nht ny bng 5 nn ta c iu phi chng minh.



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Ths. Nguyn Tng v Ting Ph Thng Nng Khiu











b) Chia hnh ch nht thnh 5 phn nh hnh v.


Nhn xt v thi.
- Cc cu d l 1ab, 3a ( ng dng).
- Cc cu mc trung bnh l 2ab, 4b, 5a, 4b, 1c
- Cc cu kh (phn loi hsg) l 4a, 3c, 5b.

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