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T: 01234.330.848
S GIO DC V O TO TP NNG
C S DY THM
THNH CNG
CC PHNG PHP GII NHANH HA HC
NG DNG MY TNH CASIO GII NHANH TRC NGHIM HA HC
1. Da vo nh lut bo ton nguyn t, bo ton khi lng.
a. c s l thuyt ca phng php.
- Da vo nh lut bo ton khi lng: tng khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng
khi lng cc cht c sau phn ng ( y phi ch : tng khi lng cc cht tham gia bng tng khi
lng cc cht to thnh dng cc cht to thnh khng chnh xc lm v nu hiu sut phn ng khng
phi l 100%,v cht phn ng c cht d).
A
+
B
C
+
D
mA + mB = mAd+ mBd + mC + mD
- Da vo nh lut bo ton nguyn t: tng khi lng (hay mol) ca mt nguyn t trc phn
ng bng tng khi lng (hay mol) ca nguyn t sau phn ng. Hay c th ni rng: mt nguyn t
bt k khng t sinh ra v cng khng t mt i n ch chuyn t dng hp cht ny qua dng hp cht
khc - gn ging nh nh lut bo ton nng lng.
C2H5OH
+ O2 CO2
+ H2O
mO/C2H5OH + mO/O2 = mO/CO2 + mO/H2O
da vo mi quan h ta c th tm thng s bt k thng qua cc thng s bit
b. Mt s bi tp mu tiu biu:
Cc em ch nm bt c vn ,ci quan trng l phi hiu bn cht, khi cc em mi
khng b th ng trong qu trnh hc tp v thi c. Phng php gii c th thy s trnh by ti lp
hc. Cch bm my tnh ging nh php tnh thy trnh by, cc em c bm ln lt nh vy th ra kt
qu, cho nhanh cc em thay du ( ) bng du = nu c.
Cu 1: Ho tan hon ton 1,58 g hn hp gm 3 kim loi Fe, Zn, Mg bng dung dch HCl thu 1,344 lit
H2(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng. Khi lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 5,84 g
B. 4,2 g
C. 6,4 g
D. 6,72 g
Gii:
mmui = 1,58 + 1,344:22,4 235,5 = 5,84 g
A
Hoc mmui = 1,58 + 1,344:22,4236,5 1,344:22,42 = 5,84
gii bi ny ch mt khong 20 s
Cu 2: Ho tan 20 g hn hp nhiu oxit kim loi cn va 100ml dung dch HCl 0,4M. C cn dung
dch. Lng mui khan clorua thu c l:
A. 21,1 g
B. 24 g
C. 25,2 g
D. 26,1 g
Gii:
mmui = 20 + 0,10,436,5 0,10,4:218 = 21,1
Hoc mmui = 20 + 0,10,435,5 0,10,4:216 = 21,1
gii bi ny ch mt khong 20 s
Cu 3: Dn kh CO qua ng ng 5 g Fe 2O 3 nung nng thu c 4,2g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe 3O4,
Fe2O3. Dn kh ra khi ng qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c a g kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 4 g
B. 5 g
C. 6 g
D. 7,5 g
Gii:
a = (5 4,2):16100 = 5 g
gii bi ny ch mt chng 10 s
Cu 4: t 1 kim loi trong bnh kn cha kh clo thu c 32,5 g mui clorua v thy th tch kh clo
trong bnh gim 6,72 lit (kc). Tn ca kim loi dng l:
A. Fe
B. Al
C. Mg
D. Cu
Gii:
nCl- = 0,6 mol
Mkim loi = (32,5 0,635,5):0,62 = 37,33
Mkim loi = (32,5 0,635,5):0,63 = 56
gii bi ny ch mt chng 45 s
T: 01234.330.848
Cu 5: Nung nng 68 g hn hp Mg(OH)2 v Fe(OH)3 th khi lng hn hp gim 18g. Khi lng hn
hp oxit thu c l:
A. 50g
B. 45g
C. 40g
D. 52g
Gii:
moxit = 68 18 = 50 gii bi ny ch mt chng 10 s
Cu 6: Nung nng m g hn hp 3 kim loi Fe, Al , Cu trong mt bnh kn cha 0,7 mol O2. Sau 1 thi
gian s mol O2 trong bnh cn 0,65 mol th cht rn trong bnh c khi lng 3,6 g. Khi lng m l:
A. 1,2 g
B. 1 g
C. 3 g
D. 2 g
Gii:
m = 3,6 + 0,6532 0,732 = 2
gii bi ny ch mt chng 10 s
Cu 7: Ho tan 5,5 g hn hp bt gm Al v Fe trong dung dch HCl d, thy khi lng dung dch sau
phn ng tng ln 5,1 g. Thnh phn % khi lng hn hp u:
A. 49,1%; 50,9%
B. 35,6%; 64,4% C. 54% ; 46%
D. 25%, 75%
Gii:
mH2 = 5,5 5,1 = 0,4 g
nH2 = 0,2 mol
Gii h phng trnh: 27x + 56y = 5,5
x = 0,1 mol
3x + 2y = 20,2
y = 0,05 mol
%mAl = 270,1:5,5100% = 49,9%
gii bi ny ch mt chng 1pht
Cu 8: Ho tan 9,14 g hn hp Cu, Mg, Al bng dung dch HCl d thu c 7,84 lt kh A (kc) v 2,54
g cht rn B v dung dch C. Khi lng mui c trong dung dch C l:
A. 3,99 g
B. 33,25 g
C. 31,45 g
D. 19,025
Gii:
mmui = 9,14 2,54 + 7,84:22,4235.5 = 31,45 g
gii bi ny ch mt chng 20 s
Cu 9: Ho tan m g hn hp X (Gm Fe, Al, Zn v Mg ) bng dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng khi
lng dung dch axit tng thm (m-2)g. Khi lng ca mui to thnh trong dung dch l:
A. m + 34,5
B. m + 35,5
C. m + 69
D. m + 71
Gii:
mmui = m + 1235,5 = m + 71
gii bi ny ch mt chng 10 s
Cu 10: Ly 2,98g hn hp X gm Mg v Fe cho vo 200ml dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng hon ton
ta c cn ( trong iu kin khng c oxi) th c 5,82g cht rn. Tnh th tch H2 bay ra (kc) ?
A. 0,224 lit
B. 0,448 lit
C. 0,896 lit
D. 1,792 lt
Gii:
VH2 = (5,82 2,98):35,5:222,4 = 0,896 lt
gii bi ny ch mt chng 15 s
Cu 11: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,1 mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch HCl d thu c
dung dch X. Cho dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta, sy
kh v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m g cht rn, m c gi tr l:
A. 8 g
B. 16 g
C. 32 g
D. 48 g
Gii:
m = (0,2:2 + 0,1)160 = 32 g
gii bi ny ch mt chng 15 s
Cu 12: Cho 13,6 g hn hp gm Fe v Fe2O3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lit H2 (kc).
Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH d , kt ta thu c mang nung trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i dc a g cht rn. Ga tr ca a l:
A. 8 g
B. 16 g
C. 24 g
D. 32 g
Gii:
nFe = 0,1 a = 13,6 0,156 + 0,01:2160 = 16 g
gii bi ny ch mt chng 15 s
Cu 13: tc dng va vi 7,68 g hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 cn dng 260ml dung dch HCl
1M. Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH d , kt ta thu c mang nung trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i c m g cht rn. Ga tr ca m l:
A. 2 g
B. 4 g
C. 8 g
D. 12 g
Gii:
m = (7,68 - 0,261:216):56:2160 = 8 g
gii bi ny ch mt chng 45 s
C s dy thm THNH CNG
T: 01234.330.848
Cu 14: Cho 2,7 g Al v 2,4g Mg tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dd B. Dung dch B cho tc
dng vi dung dch NH3 d, kt ta thu c em nung n khi lng khng i thu c m g kt ta.
Ga tr ca m l:
A. 4,55 g
B. 9,1 g
C. 18,2 g
D. 14,2 g
Gii:
m = 2,7:27:2(272 + 316) + 2,4:24(24+16) = 9,1 g
gii bi ny ch mt chng 25 s
Cu 15: Hn hp X gm Fe v oxit st c khi lng 16,16g. em hn hp ny ho tan hon ton trong
dung dch HCl d ngi ta thu c dd B v 0,896 lit kh (kc). Cho dd B tc dng vi NaOH d ri un
si trong khng kh ngi ta thu c kt ta C. Nung kt ta C nhit cao n khi lng khng i
th c 17,6g cht rn. CTPT ca oxit st l:
A. FeO
B. Fe2O3
C. Fe3O4
D. Khng xc nh c
Gii:
nFe = 17,6:1602 = 0,22 mol nFe/trong oxit = 0,22 0,896:22,4 = 0,18 mol
nO/trong oxit = (16,16 0,2256):16 = 0,24 Fe3O4
gii bi ny ch mt chng 1 pht
p n:
1A
2A
3B
4A
5A
6D
7A
8C
9D
10C
11C 12B
13C
14B
15C
Cu 16: t 11,2 lt hn hp X gm ankan A v xicloankan B thy cn 44,8 lt O 2 v thu c 29,12 lt
CO2 kh o (ktc). Thnh phn phn trm th tch ca A trong hn hp X l:
A. 20%
B. 80%
C. 50%
D. 75%
Gii: Vnc = 44,82 29,122 = 31,36 lt VA = 31,36 29,12 = 2,24 lt %VA = 20%
gii bi ny ch mt chng 1 pht
Cu 17: t hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C3H8 thu c 8,96 lt CO2 (ktc) v 9 gam nc. Th tch
oxi (ktc) cn t ht hn hp trn l:
A. 14,56 lt
B. 20,16 lt
C. 11,2 lt
D. 15,5 lt
Gii: VO2 = (8,96 2+ 9:1822,4):2 = 14,56 lt
gii bi ny ch mt chng 25s
Cu 18: t hn hp X gm etilen, xiclopropan v butylen thy cn 6,72 lt O2 (ktc). Sn phm dn
qua dung dch nc vi d thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10
B. 15
C. 20
D. 30
Gii: m = 1006,72:22,42:3 = 20 g
gii bi ny ch mt chng 15s
Cu 19: t hn hp X gm 2 anken cn V lt O2 (ktc) sn phm dn qua dung dch nc vi trong
d tch c 20 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 1, 12
B. 2, 14
C. 3, 36
D. 6,72
Gii: V = 20:1003:222,4 = 6,72 lt
gii bi ny ch mt chng 15s
Cu 20: t hon ton hn hp X gm mt ankan v mt ankin cn 6, 72 lt O2 (ktc) sn phm dn
qua dung dch nc vi d thy bnh nc vi tng a gam v tch c 20 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 12,4
B. 10,6
C. 4,12
D. 5,65
Gii: a = (6,72:22,42 20:1002)18 + 20:10044 = 12,4 g
gii bi ny ch mt chng 25s
Cu 21: t hn hp kh X gm mt anken v mt xicloankan thy cn 3,36 lt O 2 (ktc); sn phm
dn qua dung dch nc vi trong d thy bnh nc vi tng m gam v tch c p gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca m, p ln lt l:
A. 6,2 ; 15
B. 9,3 ; 15
C. 6,2 ; 10
D. 9,3 ; 10
Gii: p = 3,36:22,42:3100 = 10 g
m = 0,1(44 + 18 ) = 6,2 g
gii bi ny ch mt chng 30s
C s dy thm THNH CNG
T: 01234.330.848
T: 01234.330.848
Gii:
Mete = 6:1,818 = 60 A
Mancol = (6 + 1,8):21,818 = 39 A
gii bi ny ch mt chng 25s
Cu 29: Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt kh CO2
( ktc) v a gam H2O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l:
thi tuyn sinh i hc khi A 2009
Gii:
Bi ny rt kh, phi s dng kt hp nh lut btkl v nh lut btnt
m = 44V:22,4 + a mO2 = 44V:22,4 + a - 32(2V:22,4 + a:18 a:18 + V:22,4):2
= a - 4V:22,4 = a V:22,4
Cu 30: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O2 ( ktc), thu
c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96.
B. 11,2.
C. 6,72.
D. 4,48.
Gii:
V = (0,32 + 0,3 0,12):222,4 = 6,74 lt
gii bi ny ch mt chng 35s
Cu 31: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh
(trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Th tch
khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l (Cho H = 1; C
= 12; O = 16)
A. 70,0 lt.
B. 78,4 lt.
C. 84,0 lt.
D. 56,0 lt.
thi tuyn sinh cao ng khi A - 2007
Cu 32: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch
CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so
vi kh hidro l
A. 22,2.
B. 25,8.
C. 12,9.
D. 11,1.
thi tuyn sinh cao ng khi A - 2008
thi tuyn sinh cao ng khi A - 2010
Cu 33: un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C2H2 v 0,03 mol H2 trong mt bnh kn (xc tc Ni),
thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, khi
lng bnh tng m gam v c 280 ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca Z so vi H2 l 10,08. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 0,328.
B. 0,205.
C. 0,620.
D. 0,585.
thi tuyn sinh cao ng khi A - 2010
Cu 34: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng, thu c
3,808 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,42.
B. 7,42.
C. 5,72.
D. 4,72.
Cu 35: Hn hp kh X gm N2 v H2 c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X mt thi gian trong
bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He bng 2. Hiu sut ca phn
ng tng hp NH3 l
A. 50%.
B. 40%.
C. 25%.
D. 36%.
Cu 36: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch
Ba(OH)2 (d) to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim 19,35 gam so vi
dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8.
B. C3H6.
C. C3H4.
D. C2H6.
Cu 37: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau
trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m
gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 17,8.
B. 24,8.
C. 10,5.
D. 8,8.
T: 01234.330.848
Cu38: t chy hon ton 2 hidrocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, hp ph ton b sn phm
chy vo 3 lt Ca(OH)2 nng 0,01M thy c kt ta v khi lng dung dch tng 2,46g. Cho Ba(OH)2
vo li thy c kt ta, khi lng ca 2 ln kt ta l 6,94 xc nh 2 hidrocacbon trn.
Cu 39: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm C2H4, C3H6, C4H8 thu c 1,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Gi
tr ca m bng
A. 1,25g
B. 1,15g
C. 1,05g
D. 0,95g
Cu 40: Hn hp Z gm 2 axit cacboxylic no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy
hon ton hn hp Z thu c khi lng H 2O t hn khi lng CO2 l 5,46 gam. Nu ly 1/2 lng hn
hp Z trn cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va th sau phn ng thu c 3,9 gam hn hp mui
khan. Cng thc 2 axit trong Z l
A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH
B. C2H3COOH v C3H5COOH
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH
D. HCOOH v CH3COOH
Cu 41: Cho mt lng ru E i vo bnh ng Na (d), sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi
lng bnh tng thm 6,3 gam v c 1,568 lt kh H2 (ktc) thot ra. Cng thc ru E l
A. C3H5(OH)3
B. C3H7OH
C. C2H4(OH)2
D. C2H5OH
Cu 42: t chy hon ton m gam mt ru no X thu c cng m gam H2O. Bit khi lng phn t
ca X nh hn 100 vC. S ng phn cu to ca ru X l
A. 4
B. 6
C. 5
D. 3
Cu 43: t chy hon ton 1,1g hn hp F gm metan, etin, propen thu c 3,52g CO 2. Mt khc,
khi cho 448 ml hn hp kh F (ktc) i qua dung dch nc brom d th ch c 4g brom phn ng. Phn
trm th tch metan, etin, propen trong hn hp F ln lt l (%) :
A. 30 ; 40 ; 30
B. 25 ; 50 ; 25
C. 50 ; 25 ; 25
D. 25 ; 25 ; 50
Cu 44: t chy hon ton 1,35 gam mt ru no Y c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh ri cho ton b
sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2 thy khi lng bnh tng thm a
gam v c 11,82 gam kt ta trng. Cng thc phn t ru Y l
A. C4H9OH
B. C3H6(OH)2
C. C4H8(OH)2
D. C3H5(OH)3
Cu 45: Mt hn hp gm 2 este n chc X, Y c khi lng 32,6 gam. Chia hn hp trn thnh 2
phn u nhau. X phng ho hon ton phn 1 bng mt lng va 125 ml dung dch NaOH 2M un
nng, thu c 1 ru v 2 mui.Cho phn 2 tc dng vi lng d dung dch Ag 2O trong NH3 thu c
43,2 gam Ag. Khi lng v cng thc ca cc este X, Y c trong hn hp ban u ln lt l:
A. 24 gam HCOOCH3 v 8,6 gam C2H3COOCH3
B. B. 24 gam HCOOCH3 v 8,6 gam C2H5COOCH3
C.12 gam HCOOCH3 v 20,6 gam C2H3COOCH3
D. 12 gam HCOOCH3 v 20,6 gam CH3COOCH3
Cu 46: t chy 1,12 lit (ktc) hn hp hai hirocacbon X,Y ng ng lin tip (MX < MY), ta thu
c 2,88 gam nc v 4,84 gam CO2. Thnh phn % theo th tch ca hai hirocacbon X,Y trong hn
hp l:
A. 50; 50
B. 20; 80
C. 33,33 ; 66,67
D. 80 , 20.
Cu 47: Cht hu c X c t khi hi so vi metan bng 4,625. Khi t chy X thu c s mol H2O
bng s mol X chy, cn s mol CO2 bng 2 ln s mol nc. X tc dng c vi Na, NaOH v Ag2O
trong dung dch NH3 sinh ra Ag. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOOC2H5
B. C2H5COOH
C. HOOC-CHO
D. HOCH2CH2CHO
Cu 48: Oxi ho 4 gam ru n chc Z bng O2 (xt Cu) thu c 5,6 gam hn hp kh v hi X. Tn
ca ru Z v hiu sut phn ng oxi ho l
A. C2H5OH ; 60%
B. CH3OH ; 80%
C. C3H7OH ; 40%
D. C4H9OH ; 90%.
Cu 49: Hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon
ton 4,48 lt (ktc) kh X thu c 10,752 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 8,64 gam H2O.Cng thc ca hai
hirocacbon v phn trm th tch ca chng trong X tng ng l
A. C2H4 (60 %) v C3H6 (40 %).
B. C3H6 (60 %) v C4H8 (40 %).
C. C2H4 (40 %) v C3H6 (60 %).
D. C3H6 (40 %) v C4H8 (60 %).
C s dy thm THNH CNG
T: 01234.330.848
Cu 50: Trung ho dung dch c ho tan 3,8 gam hn hp hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc k tip nhau
trong dy ng ng cn dng 150 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Cng thc ca hai axit l
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
D. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH.
Cu 51: Mt hn hp gm axit no n chc X v ru no n chc Y c khi lng phn t bng nhau.
Chia hn hp ra 2 phn bng nhau : Phn 1 tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,56 lt H 2. t chy hon ton
phn 2 sinh ra 2,688 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t v phn trm khi lng X, Y trong hn hp l (cc
th tch kh o ktc)
A. HCOOH 60% ; C2H5OH 40%
B. CH3COOH 60% ; C3H7OH 40%
C. HCOOH 40% ; C2H5OH 60%
D. CH3COOH 40% ; C3H7OH 60%
Cu 52: un nng hn hp 3 ru no n chc X, Y, Z vi H 2SO4 c 170oC ch thu c 2 anken l
ng ng k tip nhau. Mt khc, khi un nng hn hp 2 trong 3 ru trn vi H2SO4 c 140oC th
thu c 1,32 gam hn hp 3 ete c s mol bng nhau. T khi hi ca hn hp ete so vi hiro bng 44.
Bit Y, Z c cng s nguyn t C v Y l ru bc1. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z v % khi lng ca
X trong hn hp
A. X: CH3CH2OH 43,39%;
Y: CH3CH2CH2OH ;
Z: CH3CHOHCH3
B. X: CH3CH2OH 33,39%;
Y: CH3CH2CH2OH
Z: CH3CHOHCH3
C. X: CH3CH2CH2OH 43,39%; Y: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
Z: CH3CH2CHOHCH3
D. X: CH3CH2CH2OH 33,39%; Y: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
Z: CH3CH2CHOHCH3
Cu 53: Th tch hi ca 6,84 gam hn hp 2 cht X, Y l ng ng k tip nhau bng th tch ca 3,2
gam kh oxi o cng iu kin. t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp trn cn dng 6,045 lt O 2 (ktc)
thu c 7,92 gam CO2. Oxi ho khng hon ton X hoc Y u thu c sn phm c phn ng trng
gng v u c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y tng ng l
A. CH3OH v CH3CH2OH.
B. CH3CH2OH v CH3CH2CH2OH
C. CH3CH2CH2OH v CH3CH2CH2CH2OH D. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH v CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
Cu 54: 109,2oC v 1 atm, th tch ca 1,08 gam hn hp 2 cht hu c cng chc X, Y bng 627,2
ml. Nu cho 1,08 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi Na d th c 336 ml kh thot ra (ktc) ; cn nu t
chy hon ton 1,08 gam hn hp ny th thu c 896 ml kh CO2 (ktc) v 1,08 gam H2O. Cng thc
phn t X, Y l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C2H4(OH)2
C. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H5(OH)3
D. C3H7OH v C2H4(OH)2
Cu 55: Ho hi 1,4 gam mt anehit X thu c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,64 gam oxi
cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Mt khc, hiro ho hon ton X (xt Ni, t o ) thu c ru iso butylic.
Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH3CH2CH2CHO
B. CH2=CHCH2CHO
C. CH3CH(CH3)CHO
D. CH2=C(CH3)CHO
Cu 56 : t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O2 ( ktc), thu
c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96.
B. 11,2.
C. 6,72.
D. 4,48.
thi tuyn sinh i hc khi B 2007
Cu 59: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti
trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16)
A. 55%.
B. 50%.
C. 62,5%.
D. 75%.
Cu 60: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ru (ancol) no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng
vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 13,75).
T: 01234.330.848
Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam
Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8.
B. 8,8.
C. 7,4.
D. 9,2.
Cu 61: Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3)
trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch
HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l
A. C3H7CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. C4H9CHO.
D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 62: Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn phm X (gm
HCHO, H2O v CH3OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3,
c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l
A. 76,6%.
B. 80,0%.
C. 65,5%.
D. 70,4%.
T: 01234.330.848
Cu 10: Kh hon ton 6,8g hn hp gm CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO bng V(l) kh H2 (kc). Sau phn ng thu
c 2g kim loi. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 6,72 l
B. 2,24 l
C. 8,96 l
D. 4,48 l
p n:
1A
2A
3C
4D
5C
6B
7A
8C
9C
10A
2. Phng php da vo cc i lng trung bnh
a. C s l thuyt ca phng php:
y l phng php gii ton hn hp gm nhiu cht bng cch thay th hn hp cho
bng mt cht tng ng. i lng trung bnh y thng l khi lng mol, s C trong
phn t hp cht hu c, ha tr ca cc kim loi
Nhng kin thc cn nm:
M 1 a1 + M 2 a2
a1 + a2
n1 a1 + n2 a2
- Cng thc tnh s nguyn t cacbon trung bnh: n =
a1 + a2
T: 01234.330.848
Cu 9: Cho 100g dung dch gm NaCl v NaBr c nng bng nhau tc dng va vi 100ml dung
dch AgNO3 (khi lng ring d = 1,0625g/ml ). Nng phn trm ca mi mui NaCl, NaBr trong
dung dch u l:
A. 1,4625%
B. 2,575%
C. A, B u ng
D. C A, B u sai
Cu 10: Ho tan hn hp gm 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Zn vo V ml dung dch HCl 0,25M c 2,352 lt kh H 2
thot ra (kc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 42ml
B. 84ml
C. 100ml
D. 125ml
p n:
1A
2D
3C
4B
5B
6C
7B
8A
9C
10B
gii cc bi ton ha hc thng thng ta phi bit kt hp nhun nhuyn nhiu phng
php vi nhau: c th p dng LBTNT kt hp vi phng php cc i lng trung bnh; p dng
LBTKL vi phng php cc i lng trung bnh
thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng khi A 2007
Cu 11: Hn hp gm hidrocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton hn
hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi i
vi hidro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. C3H8.
B. C3H6.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H4.
Gii: M z = 192 = 38 nO2d = nCO2 y:2 = 102 22x y:2 = 20 4x y = 40 8x
y = 8; x = 4
thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng khi A - 2008
Cu 12: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gam propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton
0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l
A. 16,80 gam.
B. 20,40 gam.
C. 18,96 gam.
D. 18,60 gam.
Gii: M X = 21,22 = 42,4 mC = 0,1312 = 3,6 mH = 4,24 3,6 = 0,64
mCO2 + mH2O = 0,344 + 0,3218 = 18,96 g
thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng khi A - 2008
Cu 13: Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu
c hn hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th
ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca
NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (Cho: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; th tch dung
dch thay i khng ng k)
A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
B. C4H9OH v C5H11OH.
C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.
D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
Gii:
thi tuyn sinh cao ng khi A - 2007
Cu 14: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hidrocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton
1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u
o ktc)
A. C2H6 v C3H6.
B. CH4 v C3H6.
C. CH4 v C2H4.
D. CH4 v C3H4.
thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng khi B - 2008
Cu 15: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung
dch Br2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br2 gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7
gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hidrocacbon l (cho H = 1, C = 12)
A. C2H2 v C4H6.
B. C2H2 v C4H8.
C. C3H4 v C4H8.
D. C2H2 v C3H8.
thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng khi A 2007
Cu 16: t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 4.
Th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO2 thu c ( cng iu kin). Cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8O3.
B. C3H4O.
C. C3H8O2.
D. C3H8O.
C s dy thm THNH CNG
T: 01234.330.848
T: 01234.330.848
A+3 +
3e
0,01
0,01
3. 0,01
(mol)
-2
B
B
+
2e
x
x
2.x
ta c: 3.0,01 = 2.x x= 0,015
hiu ch ny cc em c nh n ging nh phng trnh ha hc. s mol ca chng t l
thun vi h s cn bng ca n.
b. Mt s bi tp mu:
Cc em ch y l mt dng ton cc k kh, i hi cc em phi nm chc l thuyt v phn
ng oxi ha kh khi cc em mi c kh nng gii loi bi tp ny. By ny thng p dng trong cc
phn ng c lin quan ti kim loi, c bit hay gp lim loi st.
Cu 1: Cho 16,2g kim loi M, ho tr n tc dng vi 0,15 mol O2. Cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho
ho tan hon ton vo dung dch HCl d thy bay ra 13,44 lit H2 kc. M l kim loi:
A. Fe
B. Zn
C. Al
D. Cu
Cu 2: Ho tan hon ton 77,04g kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 13,44 lit (kc) hn
hp 2 kh N2, N2O v 9 g mui amoni. Bit t khi ca hn hp i vi H2 l 17,2. M l kim loi:
A. Fe
B. Al
C. Mg
D. Zn
Cu 3: Ho tan hon ton 19,2g Cu vo dung dch HNO3 long, tt c kh NO thu c em oxy ho
thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc c dng kh O2 chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Th tch kh O2 (kc) tham gia
vo qu trnh trn l:
A. 2,24 lit
B. 4,48 lit
C. 3,36 lit
D. 6,72 lit
Cu 4: Cho hn hp X gm 0,8 mol mi kim loi Mg, Al, Zn vo dung dch H2SO4 c nng, d thu
c 0,7 mol mt sn phm kh duy nht cha S. Xc nh sn phm kh.
A. SO2
B. S
C. H2S
D. Khng xc nh
Cu 5: Cho m g Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thy to ra
0,1mol kh NO duy nht, dung dch A v cn li 2,52g cht rn. Khi lng Fe em phn ng l:
A. 10 g
B. 10,92g
C. 7,2g
D. 5,6g
Cu 6: Nung m g Fe trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8g hn hp rn Agm Fe,
FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton hn hp A trong dung dch HNO 3 d thu c dung dch B v
12,096 lit hn hp kh NO, NO2 (kc). C t khi so vi He l 10,167. Ga tr m l:
A. 72g
B. 91,28g
C. 69,54g
D. p n khc
C s dy thm THNH CNG
T: 01234.330.848
Cu 7: Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m (g) Fe 2O3 nhit cao mt thi gian ngi ta thu c
6,72 lit hn hp gm 4 cht rn khc nhau. em ho tan hon ton hn hp ny vo dung dch HNO 3 d
thy to thnh 0,448 lit kh B duy nht c t khi so vi H2 l 15. Ga tr m l:
A. 5,56g
B. 6,64g
C. 7,2g
D. 8,87g
Cu 8: Ho tan hn hp gm 0,05 mol Ag v 0,03 mol Cu vo dung dch HNO 3 thu c hn hp kh A
gm NO v NO2 c t l s mol tng ng l 2: 3. Th tch hn hp kh A kc l:
A. 1,366 lit
B. 2,737 lit
C. 2,224 lit
D. 3,3737 lit
Cu 9: Ho tan 1,12g hn hp Mg v Cu trong dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,896 lit kh A gm NO2 v
NO c t khi so vi H2bng 21. Phn trm mi kim loi l:
A. 42,857%, 57,143%
B. 72%, 28%
C. 43,5%, 56,5%
D. 32,7%, 67,3%
Cu 10: Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R1,R2 c ho tr x,y khng i (R1,R2 khng tc dng vi nc v
ng trc Cu trong dy hot ng kim loi). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch CuSO 4
d, ly Cu thu c cho phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c 1,12 lit kh NO duy nht
(kc). Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO 3 th thu c N2 vi th
tch (kc) l:
A. 0,336 lit
B. 0,224 lit
C. 0,448 lit
D. 0,112 lit
p n:
1B
2C
3C
4C
5B
6D
7C
8A
9A
10A
DNG I: PHNG PHP BO TON ELECTRON
thu c 30 g kt ta.
l:
T: 01234.330.848
A: NO
B:
C:
D:
5.cho m g Al trn vi 37,6 g hn hp
v CuO ri nung nhit cao c hn hp cht rn A.
Cho A vo dung dch
d, kt thc phn ng thu c 8,96 lit kh NO (ktc) v dung dch B.
Khi lng m l:
A: 8,1 g
B: 5,4 g
C: 2,7 g
D: 10,8 g
6. t chu m g Fe trong
sau mt thi gian thy c 6,72 l kh
phn ng (ktc)v thu c 4 cht
rn. Ho tan 4 cht rn ny trong
d th thu c 4,48 lt kh NO (ktc). Ga tr ca m l:
A: 22,4 g
B: 11,2 g
C: 3,36g
D: 33,6g
7.cho 8 g Ba, Na hp th ht 0,672 l kh
(ktc) c hn hp cht rn A.Cho A vo dung dch
long d c kt ta B v 0,336 l kh
(ktc). Khi lng cht kt ta B l:
A: 8,345g
B: 5,825 g
C: 11,65g
D: 23,3 g
8.cho 16,2 g mt kim loi R c ho tr khng i vo dung dch
d, cho phn ng xy ra hon
ton. Cho tip dung dch
d vo hn hp sau phn ng trn thy thot ra 13,44 lit kh NO(ktc).
Kim loi R l:
A: Mg
B: Fe
C: Al
D: Zn
9. ho tan 27,2 g hn hp kim loi M v M2O3 trong dung dch
d thu c dung dch A v V
lit kh
(ktc). Cho dung dch A vo dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta B. Nung B n khi lng
khng i thu c 32 g cht rn E.V bng:
A: 4,48
B: 6,72
C: 8,96
D: 5,6
10. cho 12,9 g hn hp Mg, Al vo dung dch HCl d thu c 14,56 lt kh ktc. Khi lng ca Al,
Mg tng ng l:
A: 8,1 g-4,8 g
B: 5,4g-7,5g
C: 5,7g-7,2g
D: 3,3g-9,6g
T: 01234.330.848
T: 01234.330.848
tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia qu trnh trn l 3,36 lit. Khi lng m ca
A. 139,2 gam.
B. 13,92 gam.
C. 1,392 gam.
D. 1392gam
l gi tr no sau y?
T: 01234.330.848
T: 01234.330.848
p n:
1A
6D
2C
7A
3B
8B
4A
5A