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I HC THI NGUYN

TRNG I HC S PHM
---------------------

NGUYN THY DNG

NGHIN CU KH NNG HP PH MT S ION


KIM LOI NNG TRN VT LIU HP PH CH TO
T V LC V THM D X L MI TRNG

LUN VN THC S HA HC

Thi Nguyn, nm 2008

I HC THI NGUYN
TRNG I HC S PHM
---------------------

NGUYN THY DNG

NGHIN CU KH NNG HP PH MT S ION


KIM LOI NNG TRN VT LIU HP PH CH TO
T V LC V THM D X L MI TRNG
Chuyn ngnh: Ha phn tch
M s: 60.44.29
LUN VN THC S HA HC

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: PGS.TS. L HU THING

Thi Nguyn, nm 2008

MC LC
Mc lc
Danh mc cc bng
Danh mc cc hnh v, th
M u .................................................................................... 1
Chng 1: TNG QUAN ...................................................................... 3
1.1 Gii thiu v phng php hp ph .................................. 3
1.1.1. Cc khi nim ............................................................. 3
1.1.2. Cc m hnh c bn ca qu trnh hp ph ................... 5
1.1.2.1. M hnh ng hc hp ph ................................ 5
1.1.2.2. Cc m hnh hp ph ng nhit ........................ 6
1.2. Gii thiu v VLHP v lc ................................................ 9
1.2.1. Nng sut v sn lng lc .......................................... 9
1.2.2. Thnh phn chnh ca v lc........................................ 10
1.2.3. Mt s hng nghin cu s dng ph phm nng nghip
lm VLHP ............................................................................................... 11
1.3. Phng php ph hp th nguyn t ............................... 12
1.3.1. S xut hin ph hp th nguyn t ............................. 12
1.3.2. Cng ca vch ph hp th nguyn t .................. 13
1.4. S lc v mt s kim loi nng........................................ 14
1.4.1. Tnh trng ngun nc b nhim kim loi nng .......... 14
1.4.2. Tc dng sinh ha ca kim loi nng i vi con ngi v
mi trng .............................................................................................. 15
1.4.3.

, crom,

ng, mangan, niken v ch ...................................................................... 15


1.4.3.1. Tnh cht c hi ca cadimi ............................. 15
1.4.3.2. Tnh cht c hi ca crom................................ 16

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1.4.3.3. Tnh cht c hi ca ng ................................ 16


1.4.3.4. Tnh cht c hi ca mangan ............................ 17
1.4.3.5. Tnh cht c hi ca niken ............................... 17
1.4.3.6. Tnh cht c hi ca ch ................................... 18
1.4.4. Tiu chun Vit Nam v nc thi cha ion kim loi
nng ........................................................................................................ 18
Chng 2: THC NGHIM ................................................................. 20
2.1. Thit b v ha cht........................................................... 20
2.1.1. Thit b ....................................................................... 20
2.1.2. Ha cht ..................................................................... 20
2.2. Ch to VLHP t nguyn liu v lc ................................. 21
2.2.1. Quy trnh ch to VLHP t nguyn liu v lc.............. 21
2.2.2. Kt qu kho st mt s c im b mt ca VLHP .... 21
2.3. Kho st kh nng hp ph cc ion kim loi trn VLHP . 23
2.3.1. Dng ng chun xc nh nng ion kim loi Cd, Cr,
Cu, Mn, Ni v Pb theo phng php hp th nguyn t ............................. 23
2.3.2. Kho st nh hng ca pH n kh nng hp ph ca
VLHP i vi Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II).................... 26
2.3.3. Kho st thi gian t cn bng hp ph ca VLHP i vi
Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II) .......................................... 31
2.3.4. Kho st dung lng hp ph cc i ca VLHP i vi
Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II) .......................................... 34
2.4. X l th mt mu nc thi cha ion Ni(II) ca nh my
quc phng bng phng php hp ph trn VLHP ch to t v lc.. 40
KT LUN ............................................................................................ 42
TI LIU THAM KHO...................................................................... 44

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DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 1.1: Din bin sn xut lc Vit Nam ........................................... ..10
Bng 1.2: Thnh phn v lc ................................................................... ..10
Bng 1.3: Gi tr gii hn nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi cng
nghip .................................................................................................... ..19
Bng 2.1: iu kin o ph hp th nguyn t c ngn la ca mt s kim
loi......................................................................................................... ..23
Bng 2.2: S ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng Cd(II) ................. ..24
Bng 2.3: S ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng Cr(VI) ................. ..24
Bng 2.4: S ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng Cu(II) .................. ..25
Bng 2.5: S ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng Mn(II) ................. ..25
Bng 2.6: S ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng Ni(II) .................. ..25
Bng 2.7: S ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng Pb(II) .................. ..26
Bng 2.8: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Cd(II) ................................ ..27
Bng 2.9: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Cr(VI) ............................... ..27
Bng 2.10: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Cu(II) .............................. ..28
Bng 2.11: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Mn(II).............................. ..29
Bng 2.12: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Ni(II) ............................... ..29
Bng 2.13: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Pb(II) ............................... ..30
Bng 2.14: nh hng ca thi gian n s hp ph Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II),
Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II) ca VLHP .......................................................... ..33
Bng 2.15: nh hng ca nng ion kim loi n s hp ph Cd(II) v
Cr(VI) ca VLHP ................................................................................... ..35
Bng 2.16: nh hng ca nng ion kim loi n s hp ph Cu(II) v
Mn(II) ca VLHP ................................................................................... ..36
Bng 2.17: nh hng ca nng ion kim loi n s hp ph Ni(II) v
Pb(II) ca VLHP .................................................................................... ..38
Bng 2.18: Kt qu tch loi Ni(II) khi nc thi ca nh my
quc phng............................................................................................. ..41

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DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 2.1: Ph IR ca nguyn liu ............................................................ ..22
Hnh 2.2: Ph IR ca VLHP .................................................................... ..22
Hnh 2.3: nh chp SEM ca nguyn liu ............................................... ..23
Hnh 2.4: nh chp SEM ca VLHP ....................................................... ..23
Hnh 2.5: ng chun xc nh nng Cd(II) ...................................... ..24
Hnh 2.6: ng chun xc nh nng Cr(VI) ..................................... ..24
Hnh 2.7: ng chun xc nh nng Cu(II) ...................................... ..25
Hnh 2.8: ng chun xc nh nng Mn(II) ..................................... ..25
Hnh 2.9: ng chun xc nh nng Ni(II) ...................................... ..25
Hnh 2.10: ng chun xc nh nng Pb(II) .................................... ..26
Hnh 2.11: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Cd(II) ............................... ..27
Hnh 2.12: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Cr(VI) .............................. ..27
Hnh 2.13: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Cu(II) ............................... ..28
Hnh 2.14: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Mn(II) .............................. ..29
Hnh 2.15: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Ni(II) ............................... ..29
Hnh 2.16: nh hng ca pH n s hp ph Pb(II) ............................... ..30
Hnh 2.17: nh hng ca thi gian n s hp ph Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II),
Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II) ca VLHP .......................................................... ..32
Hnh 2.18: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP i
vi Cd(II)... ............................................................................................ ..35
Hnh 2.19: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP
i vi Cd(II) ......................................................................................... ..35
Hnh 2.20: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP i
vi Cr(VI) .............................................................................................. ..36

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Hnh 2.21: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP


i vi Cr(VI)......................................................................................... ..36
Hnh 2.22: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP i
vi Cu(II) ............................................................................................... ..37
Hnh 2.23: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP
i vi Cu(II) ......................................................................................... ..37
Hnh 2.24: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP i
vi Mn(II) .............................................................................................. ..37
Hnh 2.25: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP
i vi Mn(II)......................................................................................... ..37
Hnh 2.26: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP i
vi Ni(II)................................................................................................ ..38
Hnh 2.27: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP
i vi Ni(II) .......................................................................................... ..38
Hnh 2.28: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP i
vi Pb(II) ............................................................................................... ..39
Hnh 2.29: ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP
i vi Pb(II) .......................................................................................... ..39

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M u
Hin nay, th gii ang rung hi chung bo ng v thc trng nhim
mi trng ton cu.
Nm trong bi cnh chung ca th gii, mi trng Vit Nam cng ang
xung cp cc b. Nguyn nhn chnh dn n nhim mi trng l do
ngun nc thi, kh thi,.. ca cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut,Cc
ngun nc thi ny u cha nhiu ion kim loi nng nh: Cu(II), Mn(II),
Pb(II), nhng trc khi a ra ngoi mi trng hu ht cha c x l
hoc x l s b, do vy gy nhim mi trng, c bit l mi trng
nc.
c nhiu phng php c p dng nhm tch loi cc ion kim loi
nng khi mi trng nc, nh: phng php ha l (phng php hp ph,
phng php trao i ion,), phng php sinh hc, phng php ha
hc,Trong , phng php hp ph c p dng rng ri v cho kt qu
rt kh thi [12]. Mt trong nhng vt liu s dng hp ph kim loi ang
c nhiu ngi quan tm l cc ph phm nng nghip, nh: v tru, b
ma, li ng,.[15] [17] [19]. Hng nghin cu ny c nhiu u im l s
dng nguyn liu r tin, d kim, khng lm ngun nc b nhim thm.
Mt khc
vic ch to vt liu hp ph (VLHP) nhm
n

.
Do , chng ti chn ti: Nghin cu kh nng hp ph mt s ion

kim loi nng trn vt liu hp ph ch to t v lc v thm d x l mi


trng.

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2
Mc tiu
- Nghin cu cc yu t nh hng n s hp ph (pH, thi gian,
nng ion kim loi).
- Th nghim kh nng hp ph ca v lc vi mt kim loi.
Nhim v nghin cu
- Ch to vt liu hp ph t v lc.
- Kho st mt s c im b mt ca v lc (bng ph IR v nh chp
SEM).
- Kho st nh hng ca cc yu t: pH, thi gian, nng ca ion kim
loi n s hp ph trn.
- X l ngun nc thi ca khu cng nghip, khu ch xut.
Phng php nghin cu
- Kt hp k thut phng th nghim v cc phng php ho l ch
to v kho st c im b mt v lc trc v sau khi hot ho.
- nh lng cc ion kim loi bng phng php hp th nguyn t.

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Chng 1: TNG QUAN

.
-

).

.
.

,l

,l

n [6] [11].

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4
.
G
vi

.
.
:

.
-

:c

.
-P

:l
[2].
.

pha mang (

[6][11].

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5
.

[11].
Dung lng hp ph c tnh theo cng thc:
q

(Co Ccb ).V


m

(1.1)

:
q: d

(mg/g).

V: t

(l).
(g).

Co: n

(mg/l).

Ccb: n

(mg/l)

Hiu sut hp ph
Hiu sut hp ph l t s gia nng dung dch b hp ph v nng
dung dch ban u.
H

(Co Ccb )
.100
Co

1.1.2.

(1.2)
.

1.1.2.1.
:
-

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.
.

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6
-

th
.

[1].
:
v

dx
dt

(1.3)

gian:
V

dx
dt

(C0

Ccb )

k (qmax

(1.4)

q)

:
x: nng cht b hp ph (mg/l)
t: thi gian (giy)
:h
Co: n
(mg/l).
Ccb
k: h
q: dun
qmax: d

(mg/l)
.
(mg/g).
(mg/g).

1.1.2.2 .
C

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.
V

th
: p

Langmuir,[6] [11].
M hnh

Henry

Phng trnh

y: l
:
a = K. P

(1.5)

:
K: h
a: l
P

(mol/g)
(mmHg)

[11].
M hnh

Freundlich

[10].
s
q

k . C cbn

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:
(1.6)

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8
Hoc dng phng trnh ng thng:
lg q

1
lg Ccb
n

lg k

(1.7)

:
k: h

n: h

[11].
M hnh

:
Langmuir c dng:
q

q max

b.Ccb
1 b.Ccb

(1.8)

:
q: d

(mg/g)

qmax: dung l

(mg/g)

b:

uir
.Ccb <<

= qmax.b.Ccb

.Ccb >>

= qmax

.
.

Phng trnh Langmuir c th biu din di dng phng trnh


ng thng:
Ccb
q

1
qmax

Ccb

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qmax .b

(1.9)

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9
1.2. Gii thiu v VLHP v lc
1.2.1. Nng sut v sn lng lc
Lc l cy cng nghip ngn ngy, c pht hin v gieo trng t
khong 500 nm nay, gi tr kinh t ca lc c ch khong 250 nm tr
li y.
Cy lc c gi tr kinh t cao v c nhiu cng dng, c bit c
dng lm thc phm, trong cng nghip thc phm, trong k ngh, trong
trng trt,
Ph phm ca cy lc gm: kh du, v ht v thn l.
Thn v l cy lc c th dng lm thc n cho gia sc v cc loi phn
bn c gi tr tng ng phn chung
Cho n th k XIX u th k XX, trn th gii, lc l cy h u c
din tch ln nht, hin nay ng hng th hai trong s cc cy ly du thc
vt (v din tch v sn lng) vi din tch gieo trng vo khong 20
triu ha/nm, sn lng vo khong 25.5

21

26 triu tn.

Vit Nam, lc c trng rng ri khp c nc. Tr cc loi t


qu dc, t chua, t chua mn, t st,cc loi t khc u trng
c lc [9] [25].
Cc s liu v din tch, nng sut v sn lng lc c cp nht trong
nhng nm gn nht t 2001 n nay c th hin bng 1.1 [16].

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10
Bng 1.1: Din bin sn sut lc Vit Nam
Nm

Din tch (ha) Nng sut (t/ha)

Sn lng (tn)

2001

244 600

14.84

363 100

2002

246 700

16.23

400 400

2003

246 800

16.46

406 200

2004

258 700

17.44

451 100

2005

260 000

17.42

453 000

2006

246 700

18.70

462 500

2007

254 600

19.80

505 000

1.2.2.
V ht chim khong 25

35% khi lng ht. Vi sn lng lc hng

nm khong 500 000 tn th khi lng v lc c th ln ti 150 000 tn/nm.


V lc c gi tr dinh dng, thng c dng nghin thnh cm lm
thc n cho gia sc hoc phn bn cho cy [25]. Sau y l kt qu phn tch
thnh phn v lc [9].
Bng 1.2: Thnh phn v lc
Thnh phn
Phn trm (%)

Nc Protein Lipit Gluxit m Ln Kali


10

4.2

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2.6

18.5

1.8

0.2

0.5

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11
: xenluloz, hemixenlu

l gluxit,
.

.
Xenluloz: l

-glucoz [C6H7O2(OH)3]n

10.000 n 150.000 vC.


Hemixenluloz: v
.
Lignin: l
[13].
1.2.3.
VLHP
:
Cd(II)

0,7 g/l
(II)

31

[17].

- Mt nghin cu mi y ca cc nh khoa hc khoa cng ngh mi


trng, trng i hc Mersin, Th Nh K cho thy, v c lc, mt trong
nhng ph phm ln nht, r mt ca ngnh cng nghip thc phm, c th s
dng ci to rung, lc cc ngun nc b nhim kim loi c do cc nh

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12
my thi ra, c bit l cc vng t, ngun nc b nhim ion kim loi v
v ca c lc c th loi b 95% ion ng khi nc thi cng nghip trong
khi mn ca ca cy thng ch loi b c 44%. C th t c hiu qu
cao nht nu nc c tnh axit yu trong khi nhit li t c tc ng n
hiu sut tch loi ion kim loi [26].
:c

ion

nh: Cu(II), Zn(II)


,v

108 mg/g) [20].


:
:
Cr(III), Ni(II), Cu(II)
[17].
:n

3PO4

0.39 mmol/g

[15].

1.3. Phng php ph hp th nguyn t


1.3.1. S xut hin ph hp th nguyn t
iu kin thng, nguyn t khng hp th v khng pht ra nng
lng di dng cc bc x. Lc ny nguyn t trng thi c bn, l trng
thi bn vng v ngho nng lng nht ca nguyn t. Khi nguyn t

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13
trng thi hi t do, nu ta chiu mt chm sng c bc sng xc nh vo
m hi nguyn t th cc nguyn t t do s hp th cc bc x c bc
sng nht nh ng ng vi nhng tia bc x m n pht ra trong qu trnh
pht x ca n. Lc ny nguyn t nhn nng lng ca cc tia bc x
chiu vo v chuyn ln trng thi kch thch c nng lng cao hn trng
thi c bn.
Qu trnh c gi l qu trnh hp th nng lng ca nguyn t t
do trng thi hi v to ra ph hp th nguyn t ca nguyn t [8][14].
1.3.2. Cng ca vch ph hp th nguyn t [8]
Trong vng nng C nh ca cht phn tch, mi quan h gia cng
vch ph hp th v nng N ca nguyn t trong m hi cng tun
theo nh lut Lambe Bear:
I I o .e

( K . N .L)

(1.10)

Trong :
Io: cng chm sng chiu vo m hi nguyn t
I: cng chm sng ra khi m hi nguyn t
K : h s hp th nguyn t ca vch ph tn s
L: b dy lp hp ph
Gi A l mt quang hay tt nguyn t ca chm tia sng cng
Io sau khi qua mi trng hp th. A c tnh bi cng thc:
A

lg

Io
2.303 K .N . L
I

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14
Trong mt php o ph hp th nguyn t, gi tr L khng i nn A
ph thuc vo nng C
A = a . Cb

(1.12)

Trong :
a: hng s thc nghim, ph thuc vo tt c cc iu kin ha
hi v nguyn t ha mu
b: hng s bn cht, ph thuc vo tng vch ph ca tng
nguyn t (0 < b 1)
- vng nng C nh lun tm c gi tr Co b bt u bng 1, khi
mi quan h gia A v C l s ph thuc tuyn tnh.
- vng nng Cx > Co, 0 < b < 1, mi quan h gia A v C l khng
tuyn tnh.
1.4. S lc v mt s kim loi nng
1.4.1.

.
c
,
3

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15
[1] [4].
1.4.2.

loi

-SH. -SCH3
[5].
1.4.3.

cc

cadimi, crom, ng,

mangan, niken v ch
1.4.3.1.
Trong thin nhin, cadimi l nguyn t t ph bin v thng tn ti
trong cc khong vt. Gn mt na lng cadimi hng nm trn th gii dng
m thp, phn cn li dng ch to hp kim, lm pin kh v acquy.
Cadi
i

i
,

cadi
[4] [10].

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16
1.4.3.2.

rom

[10].

.
(VI). Cr(III) t c hn nhiu so vi Cr(VI). Vi hm lng
nh Cr(III) rt cn cho c th, trong khi Cr(VI) li rt c v nguy him.

quan trng trong vic


. Tuy nhin vi

c th
.
,

i,...[4].
1.4.3.3.
ng l kim loi mu , dn in v dn nhit tt, kh nng chy, c
phn b rng ri trong t nhin v l nguyn t quan trng.
Hp kim ca ng d ch ho c hc v bn vi ho cht. Trong cng
nghip, ng l kim loi mu quan trng nht, c dng ch yu trong cng
nghip in, ngnh thuc da, cng nghip nhum, y hc,
ng c mt lng b trong thc vt v ng vt. Trong c th ngi,
ng c trong thnh phn ca mt s protein, enzym v tp trung ch yu

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17
gan. S thiu ng gy ra thiu mu. Khi c th b nhim c ng c th gy
mt s bnh v thn kinh, gan, thn, lng ln hp th qua ng tiu ho c
th gy t vong [10].
1.4.3.4.
Mangan l kim loi mu trng bc, cng, kh nng chy.
Trong t nhin mangan l nguyn t tng i ph bin, ng hng th
ba trong cc kim loi chuyn tip. Gn 95% mangan c dng ch to
thp trong ngnh luyn kim.
Mangan l nguyn t vi lng trong c th sng. Ion mangan l cht hot
ho mt s enzim xc tin mt s qu trnh to cht dip lc, to mu v sn
xut khng th nng cao sc khng ca c th. S tip xc nhiu vi bi
mangan lm suy nhc h thn kinh v tuyn gip trng [10].
1.4.3.5.

ken
c mu trng bc, d rn, d dt mng, c ng dng

rng ri trong cng nghip luyn kim, m in, sn xut thu tinh, gm, s.
Niken c trong huyt tng ngi,
, trong thu
.
a

.
Niken c th gy cc bnh v da, tng kh nng mc bnh ng th ng
h hp,

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protein c

.C

b nhim n

[4].
1.4.3.6

,...
v cc hp cht ca ch u rt c. Ch
, h
,t
th,...
.

can
[4] [10].
1.4.4.

[1] [27]

TCVN 5945:2005
cng nghip nh sau:

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Bng 1.3: Gi tr gii hn nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi
cng nghip
Gi tr gii hn
STT Nguyn t

n v
A

Ch

mg/l

0.1

0.5

1.0

Cadimi

mg/l

0.005

0.010

0.500

Crom (VI)

mg/l

0.05

0.10

0.50

ng

mg/l

2.0

2.0

5.0

Niken

mg/l

0.2

0.5

2.0

Mangan

mg/l

0.5

1.0

5.0

:
Nc thi cng nghip c gi tr cc thng s v nng cc
cht nhim bng hoc nh hn gi tr qui nh trong ct A c th vo cc
vc nc thng c dng lm ngun nc cho mc ch sinh hot.
Nc thi cng nghip c gi tr cc thng s v nng cc
cht nhim ln hn gi tr qui nh trong ct A nhng nh hn hoc bng
gi tr qui nh trong ct B th c vo cc vc nc nhn thi khc, nh:
cc vc nc dng giao thng, thy li ti tiu cho trng trt, nui trng
thy hi sn,tr cc thy vc qui nh ct A.
Nc thi cng nghip c gi tr cc thng s v nng cc
cht nhim ln hn gi tr quy nh trong ct B nhng khng vt qu
gi tr qui nh trong ct C ch c php thi vo cc ni c qui nh
(nh h cha nc thi c xy ring, cng dn n nh my x l nc
thi tp trung,)

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Chng 2: THC NGHIM


2.1. Thit b

2.1.1. Thit b
- My nghin bi (Nga)
- My quang ph hng ngoi IR Prestige-21 Shimadzu (Nht)
- My khuy IKA Labortechnik (c)
- My o pH Precisa 900 (Thy S)
- T sy Jeio tech (Hn Quc)
- My hp th nguyn t Thermo (Anh)
-

,c

thy tinh, pipet,...

.
Nc ct hai ln
Natri hiroxit

NaOH

Axit xitric

C6H8O7.H2O

Axit nitric

HNO3

Cadimi nitrat

Cd(NO3)2.4H2O

Kali icromat

K2Cr2O7

ng nitrat

Cu(NO3)2.3H2O

Mangan(II) nitrat

Mn(NO3)2.6H2O

Niken nitrat

Ni(NO3)2.6H2O

Ch(II) nitrat

Pb(NO3)2

Tt c ha cht u c tinh khit PA v vic chun b cc dung dch


c nng xc nh theo [7].

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2.2. Ch to VLHP t nguyn liu v lc
2.2.1. Quy trnh ch to VLHP t nguyn liu v lc
V lc nguyn liu c nghin nh bng my nghin bi. Ly 25g
nguyn liu cho vo cc cha 500ml dung dch NaOH 0.1M, khuy u
trong 120 pht, lc ly phn b rn, ra sch bng nc ct n mi trng
trung tnh, sy kh 85-90oC. Sau , phn b rn tip tc c cho vo cc
cha 150ml dung dch axit xitric 0.6M khuy trong 30 pht, lc ly b rn,
sy 50oC trong 24 gi, nng nhit ln 120oC trong 90 pht. Cui cng,
ra bng nc ct nng ti mi trng trung tnh v sy kh 85-90oC, thu
c VLHP [23].
2.2.2. Kt qu kho st mt s c im b mt ca VLHP
Nguyn liu v lc ban u c x l bng NaOH loi b cc
pigmen mu v cc hp cht hu c d ha tan, tip tc c este ha bng
axit xitric. Kt qu ca qu trnh x l c th hin trn ph hng ngoi
(IR) thng s dch chuyn ca nhm cacbonyl t vng s sng 1737.86 cm -1
n vng s sng 1728.22 cm-1, rng v c cng mnh hn (hnh 2.1 v
hnh 2.2).
Tin hnh chp nh knh hin vi in t qut (SEM) ca nguyn liu ban
u v VLHP, quan st thy VLHP c xp cao hn v din tch b mt ln
hn r rt (hnh 2.3 v hnh 2.4).

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Hnh 2.1: Ph IR ca nguyn liu

Hnh 2.2: Ph IR ca VLHP

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Hnh 2.3: nh chp SEM ca


nguyn liu

Hnh 2.4: nh chp SEM ca


VLHP

2.3. Kho st kh nng hp ph cc ion Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II),


Ni(II) v Pb(II) trn VLHP
2.3.1. Dng ng chun xc nh nng ion kim loi theo phng php
hp th nguyn t
iu kin o ph hp th nguyn t c ngn la (khng kh axetilen)
ca cc nguyn t Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni v Pb c th hin trn bng 2.1.
Bng 2.1: iu kin o ph hp th nguyn t c ngn la ca cc
nguyn t Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni v Pb
Khe
o
(nm)

Cng
n
HCL

Chiu
cao
n
(mm)

Tc
dng kh
(ml/pht)

Khong
tuyn
tnh
(mg/l)

STT

Nguyn
t

Bc
sng
(nm)

Cd

228.8

0.5

50%Imax

7.0

1.2

0.05

2.5

Cr

357.9

0.5

100%Imax

8.0

1.4

0.2

10.0

Cu

324.8

0.5

75%Imax

7.0

1.1

0.05

2.5

Mn

279.5

0.2

75%Imax

7.0

1.0

0.05

4.0

Ni

232.0

0.1

75%Imax

7.0

0.9

0.1

8.0

Pb

217.0

0.5

75%Imax

7.0

1.1

0.1

10.0

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Pha cc dung dch cc ion kim loi nng Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II),
Ni(II) v Pb(II) vi nng khc nhau t dung dch chun nng 1000
mg/l, thm vo mt th tch xc nh dung dch HNO3 10% nng
HNO3 l 1%. Pha dung dch HNO3 1% lm mu trng. Tin hnh o mt
quang (A) ca tng dung dch. Dng th biu din s ph thuc ca mt
quang vo nng ion kim loi. Kt qu thu c th hin cc bng 2.2,
2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 v cc hnh 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10.
Bng 2.2: S ph thuc ca

y = 0.0921x + 0.0024
R2 = 0.9996

0.25

mt quang vo nng Cd(II)


Mt quang

0.20

Tn mu

C (mg/l)

Mu trng

0.00

0.0030

STD 1

0.05

0.0080

0.05

STD 2

0.10

0.0120

0.00
0.00

0.15

0.10

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

Nng (mg/l)

STD 3

1.00

0.0910

STD 4

2.50

0.2340

Hnh 2.5: ng chun xc nh


nng Cd(II)

Phng trnh tuyn tnh s ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng


Cd(II) l y = 0.0921x + 0.0024
Hnh 2.3: S ph thuc ca

y = 0.0165x + 0.003
R2 = 0.9995

mt quang vo nng Cr(VI)

Mu trng

C (mg/l)
0.00

A
0.0010

STD 1

0.50

0.0120

STD 2

1.00

0.0210

0.14

Mt quang

Tn mu

0.16

0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02

STD 3

5.00

0.0860

STD 4

8.00

0.1350

0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

Nng (mg/l)

Hnh 2.6: ng chun xc nh


nng Cr(VI)

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Phng trnh tuyn tnh s ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng
Cr(VI) l y = 0.0165x + 0.003
Bng 2.4: S ph thuc ca

y = 0.0209x + 0.0018
R2 = 0.9997

mt quang vo nng Cu(II)

0.06

C (mg/l)

Mu trng

0.00

0.0020

STD 1

0.10

0.0040

STD 2

1.00

0.0220

STD 3

2.00

0.0440

STD 4

2.50

0.0540

Mt quang

0.05

Tn mu

0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

Nng (mg/l)

Hnh 2.7: ng chun xc nh


nng Cu(II)

Phng trnh tuyn tnh s ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng


Cu(II) l y = 0.0209x + 0.0018
Bng 2.5: S ph thuc ca

y = 0.0825x - 0.0025
R2 = 0.9998

mt quang vo nng Mn(II)

0.35

Tn mu

C (mg/l)

Mu trng

0.00

-0.0020

STD 1

0.05

0.0020

STD 2

1.00

0.0770

STD 3

2.00

0.1650

STD 4

4.00

0.3270

Mt quang

0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

Nng (mg/l)

Hnh 2.8: ng chun xc nh


nng Mn(II)

Phng trnh tuyn tnh s ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng


Mn(II) l y = 0.0825x + 0.0025

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Bng 2.6: S ph thuc ca

y = 0.0288x - 0.0025
R2 = 0.9997

0.25

mt quang vo nng Ni(II)

0.20

C (mg/l)

Mu trng

0.00

-0.002

STD 1

0.50

0.012

0.05

STD 2

1.00

0.025

0.00
0.00

Mt quang

Tn mu

0.15

0.10

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

Nng (mg/l)

STD 3

5.00

0.144

STD 4

7.00

0.198

Hnh 2.9: ng chun xc nh


nng Ni(II)

Phng trnh tuyn tnh s ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng


Ni(II) l y = 0.0288x + 0.0025
Bng 2.7: S ph thuc ca
mt quang vo nng Pb(II)
C (mg/l)

Mu trng

0.00

-0.0020

STD 1

0.50

0.0060

STD 2

1.00

0.0130

STD 3

5.00

0.0720

STD 4

10.00

0.1450

0.14

Mt quang

Tn mu

y = 0.0147x - 0.0016
R2 = 1

0.16

0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.00

1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00

Nng (mg/l)

Hnh 2.10: ng chun xc nh


nng Pb(II)

Phng trnh tuyn tnh s ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng


Pb(II) l y = 0.0147x + 0.0016
2.3.2. Kho st nh hng ca pH n kh nng hp ph ca VLHP i
vi Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II)
Ly 36 bnh nn dung tch 100ml, chia thnh 6 nhm, mi nhm cha
50ml dung dch cc ion kim loi Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v
Pb(II) ring bit. iu chnh pH ca cc dung dch cha mi ion kim loi

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trong khong 1.00 n 6.00 bng dung dch NaOH long v dung dch HNO3
long (cc ha cht ny c s dng iu chnh pH ca dung dch trong
cc th nghim tip theo). Xc nh nng ion kim loi Co ca cc dung dch
bng phng php hp th nguyn t. Cho vo mi bnh 1g VLHP. Khuy
dung dch bng my khuy vi tc khuy 250 vng/pht (tc khuy ny
c duy tr tin hnh cc th nghim tip theo), nhit phng . Thi
gian khuy i vi cc dung dch Cd(II) l 30 pht, cc dung dch Cr(VI) l
50 pht, cc dung dch Cu(II) l 30 pht, cc dung dch Mn(II) l 80 pht, cc
dung dch Ni(II) l 70 pht v cc dung dch Pb(II) l 50 pht. Lc b b rn,
xc nh nng cn li ca ion kim loi trong cc dung dch sau hp ph
bng phng php hp th nguyn t. Kt qu th hin qua cc bng 2.8, 2.9,
2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13 v cc hnh 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.16.
Bng 2.8: nh hng ca pH
n s hp ph Cd(II)
4.00

Cc thng s hp ph
Co

Ccb

(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/g)

3.00
q (mg/g)

pH

3.50
2.50
2.00
1.50

1.00

99.84

95.85

0.20

2.00

103.82 47.82

2.80

3.00

98.13

32.68

3.27

4.00

100.00 29.70

3.52

5.00

99.30

27.21

3.60

Hnh 2.11: nh hng ca pH n s

6.00

99.22

29.49

3.49

hp ph Cd(II)

1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

pH

Nhn xt:
Trong khong pH kho st (1.00 6.00), khong pH s hp ph ca
VLHP i vi Cd(II) tt nht l 4.00 6.00.

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4.50
4.00
3.50
q (mg/g)

Bng 2.9: nh hng ca pH n


s hp ph Cr(VI)
Cc thng s hp ph
pH
Co
Ccb
q
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/g)
1.00 108.48
24.48
4.20
2.00 101.67
23.87
3.89
3.00
96.12
61.79
1.72
4.00 104.67
80.54
1.21
5.00
99.84
81.13
0.94
6.00 100.86
83.71
0.86
7.00 100.23
85.43
0.74
8.00
98.30
88.30
0.50
9.00 101.40
92.67
0.44
10.00 97.30
89.70
0.38

2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

pH

Hnh 2.12: nh hng ca pH n


s hp ph Cr(VI)

Bng 2.10: nh hng ca pH

4.50

n s hp ph Cu(II)

4.00

Co

Ccb

(mg/l)

(mg/l)

(mg/g)

1.00

102.63

100.09

0.13

2.00

105.81

74.88

1.55

3.00

101.01

34.61

3.32

4.00

100.98

17.76

4.16

5.00

101.00

17.80

4.16

3.50
q (mg/g)

Cc thng s hp ph
pH

3.00

3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

pH

Hnh 2.13: nh hng ca pH n


s hp ph Cu(II)

Nhn xt:
Trong khong pH kho st (1.00 6.00), khong pH s hp ph ca
VLHP i vi Cr(VI) tt nht l 1.00 2.00.

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Trong khong pH kho st (1.00 5.00), khong pH s hp ph ca
VLHP i vi Cu(II) tt nht l 4.00 5.00.
Bng 2.11: nh hng ca pH n
2.50

s hp ph Mn(II)

pH

Co

Ccb

(mg/l)

(mg/l)

(mg/g)

1.00

98.32

98.15

0.01

2.00

98.54

92.27

0.31

3.00

98.98

70.63

1.42

4.00

99.01

64.31

1.74

5.00

99.41

58.44

2.05

6.00

98.67

56.45

2.11

2.00
q (mg/g)

Cc thng s hp ph

1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

pH

Hnh 2.14: nh hng ca pH n


s hp ph Mn(II)

Nhn xt:
Trong khong pH kho st (1.00 6.00), khong pH s hp ph ca
VLHP i vi Mn(II) tt nht l 5.00 6.00.
Bng 2.12: nh hng ca pH n

2.50

s hp ph Ni(II)
2.00

pH

Co

Ccb

(mg/l)

(mg/l)

(mg/g)

1.00

102.89

101.20

0.08

2.00

102.89

74.53

1.42

3.00

102.89

62.34

2.03

4.00

102.89

60.10

2.14

5.00

102.89

60.00

2.14

6.00

102.89

59.89

2.15

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q (mg/g)

Cc thng s hp ph

1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

pH

Hnh 2.15: nh hng ca pH n

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30
s hp ph Ni(II)
Nhn xt:
Trong khong pH kho st (1.00 6.00), khong pH s hp ph ca
VLHP i vi Ni(II) tt nht l 4.00 6.00.
Bng 2.13: nh hng ca pH
6.00

n s hp ph Pb(II)
Cc thng s hp ph
pH

Co

Ccb

q (mg/g)

5.00
4.00
3.00

(mg/l)

(mg/l) (mg/g)

1.00

98.23

18.23

4.00

1.00

2.00

98.78

1.83

4.85

0.00
0.00

3.00

99.40

1.43

4.90

4.00

100.00

1.32

4.89

5.00

99.03

1.36

4.88

6.00

98.75

1.32

4.87

2.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

pH

Hnh 2.16: nh hng ca pH n


s hp ph Pb(II)

Nhn xt:
Trong khong pH kho st (1.00 6.00), khong pH s hp ph ca
VLHP i vi Pb(II) tt nht l 2.00 6.00.
Nhn xt chung:
- Mi trng pH cng cao dung lng hp ph ca VLHP i vi cc
cation kim loi cng tng, v dung lng hp ph gim khi pH gim. iu
c gii thch: trong mi trng axit mnh, cc phn t ca c cht hp ph
v cht b hp ph c tch in dng v bi vy lc tng tc l lc y
tnh in. Hn na, nng ion H+ hin ti cao nn trong hn hp phn ng
cnh tranh vi cation kim loi trong s hp ph, kt qu l lm gim s hp

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ph cation kim loi. Tng t, pH tng, nng ion H+ gim, trong khi nng
cation kim loi gn nh khng i v bi vy s hp ph cation kim loi
c th gii thch ging s trao i phn ng H+ - M2+ (M: kim loi) [21].
- i vi s hp ph anion kim loi Cr2O72-, hiu sut hp ph tng khi
gim pH ca dung dch. Theo chng ti iu c th c gii thch:
Trong dung dch icromat lun tn ti cn bng:
2CrO42- + 2H+ Cr2O72- + H2O
Trong mi trng axit, cn bng trn chuyn dch sang phi, lm tng
nng Cr2O72-, khi s hp ph Cr(VI) ch yu l s hp ph Cr2O72-. Xt
v khi lng Cr(VI) b hp ph th mt anion Cr2O72- tng ng vi hai
anion CrO42-. Mt khc, xt v nh hng ca hiu ng khng gian th s hp
ph mt anion Cr2O72- thun li hn so vi s hp ph hai anion CrO42-. Nh
vy, khi nng Cr2O72- trong dung dch ln hn nng CrO42- th lng
Cr(VI) b hp ph cng cao.
2.3.3. Kho st thi gian t cn bng hp ph ca VLHP i vi Cd(II),
Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II)
Ly cc bnh nn dung tch 100ml cha 50ml dung dch cc ion kim loi
Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II) ring bit, vi nng ban u
ca cc ion Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II) tng ng bng
103.60 mg/l, 107.47 mg/l, 103.52 mg/l, 183.71 mg/l, 343.86 mg/l v 98.75
mg/l. iu chnh pH ca cc dung dch cha mi ion kim loi n gi tr nm
trong khong pH tt nht cho s hp ph kho st (2.3.2). C th: cc
dung dch Cd(II) c pH bng 5.00, cc dung dch Cr(VI) c pH bng 1.00, cc
dung dch Cu(II) c pH bng 4.50, cc dung dch Mn(II) c pH bng 5.00, cc
dung dch Ni(II) c pH bng 5.00, cc dung dch Pb(II) c pH bng 4.50. Cho
1g VLHP vo mi dung dch trn. Khuy mi dung dch bng my khuy

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trong cc khong thi gian 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 70, 80, 120 (pht), nhit
phng. Lc b b rn, xc nh nng ca ion kim loi trong cc dung dch
sau hp ph bng phng php hp th nguyn t. Kt qu c th hin
bng 2.14 v hnh 2.17.
400.00

Nng (mg/l)

350.00
300.00
Cd(II)

250.00

Cr(VI)

200.00

Cu(II)
Mn(II)

150.00

Ni(II)

100.00

Pb(II)

50.00
0.00
0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00 120.00 140.00

Thi gian (pht)

Hnh 2.17: nh hng ca thi gian n s hp ph Cd(II), Cr(VI),


Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II) ca VLHP
Nhn xt:
Qua cc s liu thc nghim cho thy, thi gian khuy (thi gian tip xc
ca VLHP vi ion kim loi) cng lu, nng ion kim loi cn li trong dung
dch cng gim v n mt khong thi gian khuy nht nh i vi tng ion
nng ion cn li trong dung dch gn nh khng i. C th: i vi Cd(II)
l 20 pht n 70 pht, Cr(VI) l 40 pht n 80 pht, Cu(II) l 20 pht n
70 pht, Mn(II) l 70 pht n 120 pht, Ni(II) l 60 pht n 80 pht v
Pb(II) l 40 pht n 80 pht. Chng t trong cc khong thi gian trn s
hp ph gn nh t cn bng, v vy, chng ti chn cc khong thi gian
ny nghin cu cc th nghim tip theo vi mi ion.

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Bng 2.14: nh hng ca thi gian n s hp ph Cd(II), Cr(VI),


Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II) ca VLHP
Nng (mg/l)

Thi gian
khuy
(pht)

Cd(II)

Cr(VI)

Cu(II)

Co

Ccb

Co

Ccb

103.6

80.20

107.47

70.53

103.52 21.08

10

103.6

36.98

107.47

48.23

103.52 19.93

20

103.6

34.03

107.47

29.30

103.52 18.02

40

103.6

34.19

107.47

24.50

103.52 17.81

60

103.6

34.08

107.47

24.49

103.52 17.76

70

107.47

24.52

103.52 17.79

80

107.47

24.48

120

Thi gian
khuy
(pht)

Mn(II)
Co

Ccb

Co

Ni(II)
Co

Ccb

Pb(II)

Ccb

Co

Ccb

183.71 161.34 343.86

250.32

95.75

2.32

10

183.71 143.00 343.86

229.70

95.75

1.90

20

183.71 141.34 343.86

230.16

95.75

1.72

40

183.71 139.00 343.86

220.02

95.75

1.54

60

183.71 135.30 343.86

207.76

95.75

1.48

70

183.71 133.87 343.86

207.89

95.75

1.54

80

183.71 133.89 343.86

208.01

95.75

1.54

120

183.71 133.78

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Bng 2.14: nh hng ca thi gian n s hp ph Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II)
ca VLHP
Nng (mg/l)

Thi gian
khuy

Cd(II)

Cr(VI)

Cu(II)

Mn(II)

Ni(II)

Pb(II)

(pht)

Co

Ccb

Co

Ccb

Co

Ccb

103.6

80.20

107.47

70.53

103.52

21.08

183.71 161.34 343.86 250.32 95.75

2.32

10

103.6

36.98

107.47

48.23

103.52

19.93

183.71 143.00 343.86 229.70 95.75

1.90

20

103.6

34.03

107.47

29.30

103.52

18.02

183.71 141.34 343.86 230.16 95.75

1.72

40

103.6

34.19

107.47

24.50

103.52

17.81

183.71 139.00 343.86 220.02 95.75

1.54

60

103.6

34.08

107.47

24.49

103.52

17.76

183.71 135.30 343.86 207.76 95.75

1.48

70

107.47

24.52

103.52

17.79

183.71 133.87 343.86 207.89 95.75

1.54

80

107.47

24.48

183.71 133.89 343.86 208.01 95.75

1.54

120

183.71 133.78

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Ccb

Co

Ccb

Co

Ccb

34
2.3.4. Kho st dung lng hp ph cc i ca VLHP i vi Cd(II),
Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II)
Ly cc bnh nn dung tch 100ml cha 50ml dung dch tng ion kim
loi vi cc nng ban u khc nhau v c iu chnh n mi trng
pH ti u cho tng ion kim loi kho st (2.3.2). C th: cc dung dch
Cd(II) c pH bng 5.00, cc dung dch Cr(VI) c pH bng 1.00, cc dung
dch Cu(II) c pH bng 4.50, cc dung dch Mn(II) c pH bng 5.00, cc
dung dch Ni(II) c pH bng 5.00, cc dung d ch Pb(II) c pH bng 4.50.
Cho vo mi bnh 1g VLHP. Kho st qu trnh hp ph trong khong thi
gian t cn bng hp ph i vi tng ion kim loi kho st (2.3.3). C
th: thi gian khuy i vi cc dung dch Cd(II) l 30 pht, cc dung dch
Cr(VI) l 50 pht, cc dung dch Cu(II) l 30 pht, cc dung dch Mn(II) l
80 pht, cc dung dch Ni(II) l 70 pht v cc dung dch Pb(II) l 50 pht.
Xc nh nng C o ca ion kim loi trong cc dung dch ban u v nng
Ccb ca ion kim loi trong dung dch sau hp ph theo phng php hp
th nguyn t. Tnh dung lng hp ph ca VLHP i vi tng ion kim
loi theo cng thc (1.1).
Kt qu th hin cc bng 2.15, 2.16, 2.17, v cc hnh 2.18, 2.19, 2.20,
2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.26, 2.27, 2.28, 2.29.

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Bng 2.15: nh hng ca nng ion kim loi n s hp ph
Cd(II) v Cr(II) ca VLHP
Cd(II)
Co

Ccb

Cr(VI)
q

Ccb/q

Co

Ccb

Ccb/q

(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/g) (g/l)

(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/g)

(g/l)

26.23

2.33

1.19

1.95

10.48

2.10

0.42

5.01

35.05

4.90

1.51

3.25

25.42

7.00

0.92

7.60

68.98

14.06

2.75

5.12

50.13

12.13

1.90

6.39

87.42

23.14

3.21

7.20

100.04

37.44

3.13

13.13

129.48

48.73

4.04

12.07 201.02 100.82

5.01

20.12

173.25

79.98

4.66

17.15 399.20 268.40

6.40

41.04

280.03 170.00

5.50

30.90 601.31 466.91

6.72

69.48

413.63 287.64

6.30

45.66 800.23 660.23

7.00

94.32

7.00

R2 = 0.9905

y = 0.1524x + 3.3996
R2 = 0.992

50.00

6.00

40.00
C cb/q (g/l)

q (mg/g)

5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00

30.00
20.00
10.00

1.00
0.00
0.00

50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00

Ccb (mg/l)

0.00
0.00

50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00

Ccb (mg/l)

Hnh 2.18: ng ng nhit

Hnh 2.19: ng ng nhit

hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP

hp ph Langmuir

i vi Cd(II)

dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP


i vi Cd(II)

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R2 = 0.9814

8.00
7.00

C cb /q (g/l)

q (mg/g)

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
-1.000.00

100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00

y = 0.1342x + 6.0593
100.00
R2 = 0.9987
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00

Ccb (mg/l)

Ccb (mg/l)

Hnh 2.20: ng ng nhit

Hnh 2.21: ng ng nhit

hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP

hp ph Langmuir

i vi Cr(VI)

dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP


i vi Cr(VI)

Bng 2.16: nh hng ca nng ion kim loi n s hp ph


Cu(II) v Mn(II) ca VLHP
Cu(II)
Co

Ccb

Mn(II)
q

(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/g)

Ccb/q

Co

Ccb

(g/l)

(mg/l) (mg/l)

Ccb/q

(mg/g)

(g/l)

5.58

0.22

0.27

0.81

24.69

9.72

0.75

12.99

8.11

0.16

0.40

0.40

36.18

18.00

0.91

19.80

28.50

1.15

1.37

0.84

61.26

32.45

1.44

22.53

54.05

3.40

2.53

1.34

96.85

59.45

1.87

31.79

108.84

19.00

4.49

4.23

144.58 100.98

2.18

46.32

192.70

64.90

6.39

10.16

192.30 144.30

2.40

60.13

290.20 150.00

7.01

21.40

256.91 204.71

2.61

78.43

399.76 248.09

7.58

32.71

333.77 280.00

2.69

104.15

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R2 = 0.9835

7.00

35.00

6.00

30.00

5.00
4.00
3.00

25.00
20.00
15.00

2.00

10.00

1.00

5.00

0.00
-1.000.00

50.00

100.00

y = 0.1304x + 1.0478
R2 = 0.9973

40.00

C cb/q (g/l)

q (mg/g)

8.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

0.00
0.00

300.00

50.00

100.00 150.00 200.00

250.00 300.00

Ccb (mg/l)

Ccb (mg/l)

Hnh 2.22: ng ng nhit

Hnh 2.23: ng ng nhit

hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP

hp ph Langmuir

i vi Cu(II)

dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP


i vi Cu(II)

R2 = 0.9889

3.00

100.00
C cb/q (g/l)

q (mg/g)

2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00

80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00

0.50
0.00
0.00

y = 0.3287x + 12.108
R2 = 0.9985

120.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

Ccb (mg/l)

0.00
0.00

50.00

100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00

Ccb (mg/l)

Hnh 2.24: ng ng nhit

Hnh 2.25: ng ng nhit

hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP

hp ph nhit Langmuir

i vi Mn(II)

dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP


i vi Mn(II)

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Bng 2.17: nh hng ca nng ion kim loi n s hp ph
Ni(II) v Pb(II) ca VLHP
Ni(II)
Co
(mg/l)

Ccb

Cf/q

(mg/l) (mg/g) (g/l)

Co

Ccb

(mg/l)

Ccb/q

(mg/l) (mg/g) (g/l)

25.15

3.89

1.06

3.66

47.34

0.11

2.36

0.05

34.58

8.92

1.28

6.95

100.51

1.01

4.97

0.20

51.63

15.56

1.80

8.63

188.00

4.65

10.00

0.47

80.13

31.29

2.44

12.81

408.55

43.66

20.89

2.09

114.13 56.91

2.86

19.89

616.03

123.09

24.65

4.99

154.02 90.02

3.20

28.13

806.48

244.44

28.10

8.70

216.00 150.00

3.30

45.45 1033.72 391.09

30.78

12.31

270.01 206.45

3.18

64.96 1200.01 561.61

31.92

17.59

4.00

70.00

R2 = 0.9532

3.50

60.00

3.00

50.00
C cb/q (g/l)

q (mg/g)

Pb(II)

2.50
2.00
1.50

40.00
30.00

1.00

20.00

0.50

10.00

0.00
0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

Ccb (mg/l)

y = 0.2909x + 3.3394
R2 = 0.9972

0.00
0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

Ccb (mg/l)

Hnh 2.26: ng ng nhit

Hnh 2.27: ng ng nhit

hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP

hp ph Langmuir

i vi Ni(II)

dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP


i vi Ni(II)

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R2 = 0.9704

y = 0.0309x + 0.5179
R2 = 0.9952

20.00

30.00

17.50

25.00

15.00
C cb /q (g/l)

q (mg/g)

35.00

20.00
15.00
10.00

12.50
10.00
7.50
5.00

5.00
0.00
0.00
-5.00

2.50
100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

0.00
0.00

100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00

Ccb (mg/l)

Ccb (mg/l)

Hnh 2.28: ng ng nhit

Hnh 2.29: ng ng nhit

hp ph Langmuir ca VLHP

hp ph Langmuir

i vi Pb(II)

dng tuyn tnh ca VLHP


i vi Pb(II)

Phng trnh ng nhit hp ph Langmuir dng tuyn tnh v cc thng s


ng ng nhit c
Nhn xt:
Da vo cc s liu thc nghim cho thy m hnh ng nhit hp ph
Langmuir m t kh tt s hp ph ca VLHP i vi cc ion Cd(II), Cr(VI),
Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II).
Trong cc khong nng kho st i vi mi ion, vng nng
ion kim loi nh, cc ng ng nhit hp ph Langmuir c dng ng
tuyn tnh ging ng ng nhit hp ph Henry, vng nng ion kim
loi ln th c dng ng cong v t dn n gi tr khng i ca dung
lng hp ph khi nng cn bng lin tc tng.

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Da vo phng trnh ng thng tng qut ca m hnh ng nhit


hp ph Langmuir (1.9) v phng trnh thc nghim ca tng ion kim loi
trn cc hnh 2.19, 2.21, 2.23, 22.25, 2.27, 2.29 tnh ton c dung lng
hp ph cc i ca VLHP i vi cc ion Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II),
Ni(II) v Pb(II) tng ng bng 6.56mg/g, 7.40 mg/g, 7.67mg/g, 3.04mg/g,
3.44mg/g, 32.36mg/g.
Kh nng hp ph ca VLHP i vi cc ion kim loi gim theo dy
Pb(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI), Cd(II), Ni(II), Mn(II).
2.4. X l th mt mu nc thi cha Ni(II) ca nh my quc phng
bng phng php hp ph trn VLHP ch to t v lc
Mu nc thi cha Ni(II) c ly ti ca x nc thi ra mi trng
ca nh my m in qun i c x l s b. Nc thi c ly v
bo qun theo ng TCVN 4574 88:
- Dng c ly mu: chai polietylen sch
- Mu ly xong c c nh bng 5ml dung dch HNO3 c
Mu nc thi cha Ni(II) sau khi lc qua giy lc c pH bng 5.64
(nm trong khong pH tt nht cho s hp ph kho st (2.3.2)), nng
ban u Co bng 1.763 mg/l. Tin hnh s hp ph nhit phng, thi
gian khuy 70 pht, 50ml nc thi c khuy vi 1g VLHP. Sau hp ph
ln mt, lc, ly dung dch tin hnh th nghim hp ph ln hai vi 1g

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VLHP. Xc nh nng Ccb1 v Ccb2 ca Ni(II) trong cc dung dch sau hp
ph bng phng php hp th nguyn t.
Hiu sut hp ph c tnh ton theo cng thc (1.2). Kt qu thu c
th hin bng 2.18.
Bng 2.18: Kt qu tch loi Ni(II) khi nc thi ca nh my
quc phng
Co (mg/l)

Ccb1 (mg/l)

H1 (%)

Ccb2 (mg/l)

H2 (%)

1.76

0.378

78.56

0.159

90.97

Nhn xt:
Sau khi hp ph ln mt hiu sut hp ph t 78.56% v nng Ni(II)
trong dung dch t tiu chu
,...Khi hp ph ln hai hiu sut hp ph t ti 90.97% v nng Ni(II)

theo TCVN 5945- 2005.

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KT LUN

Qua qu trnh nghin cu v kt qu thc nghim rt ra cc kt lun sau:


1.
natri hiroxit

.
3. kho st c mt s yu t nh hng n s hp ph ca VLHP
i vi Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) v Pb(II). Cc kt qu thu c:
- Trong khong pH kho st (1.00

10.00), khong pH s hp ph

cc ion kim loi ca VLHP xy ra tt nht l:


Cd(II): pH bng 4.00

6.00

Cr(VI): pH bng 1.00

2.00

Cu(II): pH bng 4.00

5.00

Mn(II): pH bng 5.00

6.00

Ni(II): pH bng 4.00

6.00

Pb(II): pH bng 2.00

6.00

- Trong cc khong thi gian kho st (t 5 pht n 120 pht),


khong thi gian t cn bng hp ph ca VLHP i vi mi ion kim loi l:
Cd(II): thi gian t cn bng hp ph l 20 pht

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43
Cr(VI): thi gian t cn bng hp ph l 40 pht

80 pht

Cu(II): thi gian t cn bng hp ph l 20 pht

70 pht

Mn(II): thi gian t cn bng hp ph l 70 pht

120 pht

Ni(II): thi gian t cn bng hp ph l 60 pht

80 pht

Pb(II): thi gian t cn bng hp ph l 40 pht

80 pht

- M t qu trnh hp ph theo m hnh hp ph ng nhit Langmuir


xc nh c dung lng hp ph cc i ca VLHP i vi cc ion
kim loi l:
Cd(II): l 6.56 mg/g
Cr(VI): l 7.4 mg/g
Cu(II): l 7.67 mg/g
Mn(II): l 3.04 mg/g
Ni(II): l 3.44 mg/g
Pb(II): l 32.36 mg/g
4. Dng VLHP ch to c x l nc thi cha Ni(II) ca nh my
quc phng, kt qu cho thy sau hai ln hp ph nng Ni(II) gim
xung mc cho php i vi nc thi cng nghip theo TCVN 5945- 2005.
Nh vy, vic s dng VLHP ch to t v lc hp ph ion kim
loi nng c nhng u im sau:
- S dng nguyn liu t nhin, r tin, d kim
- Quy trnh x l n gin, t hiu qu x l cao c bit i
vi Pb(II).
T to c s cho vic trin khai ng dng VLHP ch to c vo x
l mi trng.

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44

TI LIU THAM KHO


m 2005
2

Ti Nguyn

(2002),
, Nxb

3. Tr

.
(2003

v sinh cng nghip,

, i hc Khoa hc T nhin, i hc Quc


4

.
(1999),
,

(2002),
ti

7. PP Koroxtelev (1974), Chun b dung dch cho phn tch ha hc, Ngi
dch: Nguyn Trng Biu, Mai Hu ua, Nguyn Vit Hu, L Ngc Khnh,
Trn Thanh Sn, Mai Vn Thanh, Nxb Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni.
8. Phm Lun (1998), Phng php phn tch ph nguyn t, Nxb i hc
Quc gia H Ni.
9. on Th Thanh Nhn (1996), Gio trnh cy cng nghip, Nxb Nng
nghip H Ni.
10. Hong Nhm (2003), Ho hc v c, tp 3, Nxb Gio dc.

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45
(2004),
2,

12. Trn Vn Nhn, Ng Th Nga (2005), Gio trnh cng ngh x l nc


thi, Nxb Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni.
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