Professional Documents
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0
28
28
t=
1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
0
0.7500 0.5556 3.5000 1.7500
10.0000 0.8000 0.8333 0.5714
>> diag(a);
% ham co cong dung trich duong cheo cua ma tran
>> diag(b);
>> x1=[diag(a) diag(b)]
x1 =
2
5
2
9
5 6
>> a1=a(1:2,:);
>> b1=a(2:3,:);
>> x2=[a1;b1]
x2 =
2 4 6 0
3 5 7 7
3 5 7 7
10 4 5 4
>> a2=a(:,4);
>> b2=b(:,1);
>> x3=[a2 b2]
x3 =
0
7
4
2
4
1
2- ha
2.1- trong khng gian 2D:
m 1 hm m-file v v th ca cc hm sau(v trn cng 1 ca s)
hm f(x) : f(x)= -x.sin(x)
o hm ca f(x) : f(x)=-x.cosx-sinx
o hm xp x : f12=diff(f(x)/x(2)-x(1))
sai s lin quan: f22=(f12-f(x)(1:999))/norm(f12)
% chng trnh
x=linspace(-20,20,1000);
%chon khoang lay mau
%ham f(x);
y=-x.*sin(x);
subplot(2,2,1);
% chia o trong do thi
plot(x,y)
%ve do thi trong khong gian 2d
grid
title('ham sin');
%tao tieu de cho do thi
xlabel('truc x' );
%tao nhan cho truc x
ylabel('truc y');
%tao nhan cho truc y
%ham dao ham;
y1=-x.*cos(x)-sin(x);
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(x,y1)
grid
%ve luoi trong do thi
title('ham dao ham');
xlabel('truc x');
ylabel('truc y');
%ham xap xi
y2=diff(y/x(2)-x(1));
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(x(1:999),y2);
grid
title('ham xap xi');
xlabel('truc x');
ylabel('truc y');
y3=(y2-y1(1:999))/norm(y2);
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(x(1:999),y3);
grid
title('ham sai so lien quan');
xlabel('truc x');
ylabel('truc y');
%ket qua chuong trinh
c- z3=f(x,y)=
sin( x 2 + y 2 )
( x 2 + y 2 ).x
, vi x,y=[-8,8]
% do thi 1
x=(0:0.05:pi)
y=(0:0.05:pi)
[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);
% tao ma tran he thong trong do thi 3d
z1=sin(x).*sin(y);
figure;
%tao them 1 do thi moi
mesh(x,y,z1);
%ve do thi 3d
xlabel('Truc x');
ylabel('Truc y');
zlabel('Truc z1');
title(' Do thi ham so Z= sinx*siny');
% do thi 2
[x,y]=meshgrid(-3:0.5:3);
z2=x-x.^3+y.^2+1;
figure;
mesh(x,y,z2);
xlabel('Truc x');
ylabel('Truc y');
zlabel('Truc z2');
title(' Do thi ham so z2 = x-x^3+y^2+1');
% do thi 3
[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);
z3=sin (sqrt(x.^2+y.^2))./sqrt((x.^2+y.^2).*x);
figure;
mesh(x,y,z3);
xlabel('Truc x');
ylabel('Truc y');
zlabel('Trucz3');
title(' Do thi ham so z3 = sin((sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)./sqrt((x.^2+y.^2).*x))');
% ket qua chuong trinh
| X [ n] |
n =
| X [ n] |
n = k
K + 1
K K + 1
n = K
[ n] vi chu k N c cho
Cng sut trung bnh ca 1 dy tun hon x%
N
1
2
bi cng thc p av = | X%[n] |
N n=0
Dy xung n v c k hiu bng [n] v c xc nh t biu thc:
=0
[n] = { 1,0,khin
khi n 0
jw n +
n
Dy sin phc c biu th bng h thc : x[ n] =| A || | e 0
Dy sin thc c bin l hng s c biu th bng
x[ n] = A cos( wn n + ) trong A , w0, l nhng s thc c gi l
w
bin , tn s gc v pha ban u ca dy s sin x[n], cn f 0 = 0 l tn
2
s. dy sin phc v sin thc l nhng dy tun hon vi chu k N nu :
w0 n = 2 r . Trong N l s nguyn dng cn r la s nguyn bt k . gi
tr N nh nht tha mn iu kin trn l chu k c bn ca dy x[n]
Tch 2 dy d liu x[n] v h[h] c cng chiu di n s thu c 1 dy d
liu y[n] c cng chiu di N l c thc hin bng h thc :
y[n]= x[n] +h[n]
Nhn dy x[n] vi hng s a dc thc hin bng h thc : y[n]=a.x[n]
Ngc thi gian hay cn gi l i chiu tn hiu ca 1 dy c chiu di
v hn d thc hin bng h thc : y[n]= x[-n]
Lm tr dy x[n] c chiu di v hn 1 lng M s thu c dy y[n] c
chiu di v hn v c thc hin nh biu thc: y[n]=x[n-M] . trong
M l 1 s nguyn dng . y cng chnh l 1 php dch dy x[n] v pha
phi trc thi gian M mu v c k hiu l z-M. trng hp M=1 th
c gi l tr n v v k hiu z-1 . nu M ly du m th c gi l
sm tng ng vi vic dch dy v pha tri M mu trn trc thi
gian
II- THC HNH
1- dy xung n v [n]
a- to dy xung n v [n] c chiu di N mu:
b- to dy xung n v [n] c chiu di N mu b tr M mu (M<N)
c- to dy nhy bc n v u[n] di N mu
d- to dy nhy bc n v u[n] di N mu b tr M mu (M<N)
e- chng trnh pht dy xung
% chuong trinh
n=10;
%day xung don vi
x=[1 zeros(1,n-1)];
subplot(5,1,1);
stem(x);
title('day xung don vi')
stem(n,imag(x));
xlabel('chi so thoi gian');
ylabel('bien do');
title('phan ao');
% ket qua chuong trinh
III- p dng
stairs(n,x);
title(' day tin hieu sin bd bang lenh stairs');
xlabel(' chi so thoi gian n');
ylabel(' bien do');
% ket qua chuong trinh
Nhn xt: th m ta thu c sau khi chy chng trnh th hin dng cc
thng s ca bi ton
Khi ta s dng cc lnh v th khc nhau th s cho ra cc dng th
khc nhau. Lnh plot v th di dng sng lin tuc ,lnh stem v
th sng dng ri rc , lt stairs v th dng sng bc thang
3- biu din 1 tn hiu dng ly tha thc x[n]=0,2.1,2n. biu din bng cc
lnh stem,plot,stairs v nhn xt
n=0:40;
x=0.2.*(1.2.^n);
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(x)
grid
title('tin hieu dang luy thua bd bang lenh plot')
xlabel('chi so thoi gian')
ylabel(' bien do')
subplot(3,1,2)
stem(x);
grid
title('tin hieu dang luy thua bd bang lenh stem')
xlabel('chi so thoi gian')
ylabel(' bien do')
subplot(3,1,3)
stairs(x);
grid
title('tin hieu dang luy thua bd bang lenh stairs')
xlabel('chi so thoi gian')
ylabel(' bien do')
% ket qua chuong trinh
Nhn xt: tn hiu ly tha c biu din bng 3 lnh plot, stem v stairs cho
ra 3 dng sng khc nhau ri rc, lin tc, bc thang. Ta nhn thyTn hiu
dc biu din i t 0 v bt u tng dn ln khi gn ti 20 v t ti gi tr
nh l >40 ph hp vi l thuyt hc
IV- NHN XT V KT LUN
Bi thc hnh ny gip ta nm r cc vn v m phng v to tn hiu: cng dng ca
cc hm trong tng bi, cch s dng cc lnh , cch v th , hiu c th
BI 3:H THNG LTI
I-
L THUYT
H thng thi gian ri rc thc hin php nh x tn hiu li vo vi cc gi tr
x[n] thnh tn hiu ri rc li ra vi nhng tnh cht mong mun bng cch p
dng nhng thut ton cho trc . bi thc hnh ny l tin hnh m phng 1 s
h thng ri rc tuyn tnh v bt bin vi thi gian n gin v nghin cu cc
tnh cht ca chng trn lnh vc thi gian. Cc h thng ny c c trng bi
p ng xung h[n] v c m hnh ha trn hnh 3.1
hnh 3.1
Quan h vo / ra ca h thng LTI c xax1 nh bi tng nhn chp
sau: y[n] =
r =
k =
:y[n]=x[n]*h[n]
2 h thng LTI c p ng xung ln lt l h1[n] v h2[n] ghp ni tip
vi nhau th h thng tng th c p ng xung: h[n]=h1[n]*h2[n] . nu 2
h thng ghp ni tip nhau sao cho : h1[n]* h 2[n] = [n] th h thng LTI
c p ng xung h2[n] c gi l nghch o ca h thng LTI c p
ng xung h1[n] v ngc li
1 h thng LTI c gi l n nh theo ngha BIBO nu p ng xung
xa n tha mn iu kin:
| h[k ] |
<
n =
m
]
=
y[n k ] vi a00.
phn h s hng s dng:
m = 0 a0
m = 0 a0
nh vy li ra y[n] ti thi im n c th c tnh t phng trnh sai
phn trn i vi tt c nn0 khi bit x[n] v cc iu kin ban u
y[n0-1], y[n0-2],,y[n0-N]. h thng thi gian ri rc c m t bng
phng trnh sai phn c p ng xung v hn nn c gi l h thng
IIR
H thng c p ng xung hu hn c gi l h thng FIR nu phng
trnh sai phn c ak=0 vi k>0 . vy h thng FIR nhn qu c phng
M
bm
trnh y[ n] = x[n m]
m = 0 a0
H thng thi gian ri rc gi l tuyn tnh nu p ng ln 1 tng
bng tng cc p ng , cch khc nu y1[n] v y2[n] l p ng ln cc
tnh hiu li vo x1[n] v x2[n] th i vi li vo tng : x[n]=ax1[n]
+bx2[n] s c p ng l y[n]=ay1[n]+by2[n]. phng trnh ny ng vi
cc hng s a,b bt k v i vi tt c c gi tr kh d ca tn hiu li vo
x1[n] v x2[n] , nu phng trnh khng nghim ng vi t nht 1 gi tr
khc khng ca a hoc b , ca x1[n], x2[n] th h thng l phi tuyn
H thng gi l bt bin i vi thi gian nu y1[n] l p ng i vi
tn hiu li vo x1[n], th p ng i vi phin bn tr ca tn hiu li vo
x[n]=x1[n-n0] s l y[n]=y1[n-n0], y n0 l s nguyn dng hoc m.
IITHC HNH
1- cc h thng tuyn tnh v phi tuyn tnh
Nghin cu tnh cht tuyn tnh ca h thng
y[n]-0,4y[n-1]+0,75y[n-2]=2,2403x[n]+2,4908x[n-1]+2,2403x[n-2]
chng trnh di y m phng h thng ny vi 3 tn hiu vo l x1[n],x2[n],
x[n]=ax1[n]+bx2[n]. tnh v v th ca tn hiu li ra y1[n],y2[n] v y[n] vi
x1=cos(0,2 n ),x2=cos(0,8 n ),x[n]=2x1[n]-3x2[n]
%chuong trinh
n=0:40;
a=2;
b=-3;
x1=cos(2*pi*0.1*n);
x2=cos(2*pi*0.2*n);
x=a*x1+b*x2;
num=[2.2403 2.4908 2.2403]; %tao ma tran tu so
den=[ 1 -0.4 0.75];
% tao ma tran mau so
y1=filter(num,den,x1); % ham filter thuc hien bo loc matran tu, mau cua ham x1
y2=filter(num,den,x2); % thuc hien bo loc matran tu, mau cua ham x2
y=filter(num,den,x);
yt=a*y1+b*y2;
d=y-yt
subplot(3,1,1);stem(n,y);title('tin hieu loi ra theo x')
axis([0 40 -50 50])
%chia truc cua do thi truc x tu 0-40, truc y tu -50-50
subplot(3,1,2);stem(n,yt);title('tin hieu loi ra theo y')
axis([0 40 -50 50])
subplot(3,1,3);stem(n,d);title('tin hieu sai so d')
%ket qua chay chuong trinh
Nhn xt: nhn vo d th tha thy tn hiu li ra theo x(y[n]), tn hiu li ra theo
y(yt[n]) l ging nhau v th hai h thng ny l tuyn tnh v y[n]=yt[n]
2- xc nh p ng xung n v ca h thng LTI
Php tnh v v p ng xung ca phng trnh sai phn sau:
y[n]-0,4y[n-1]+0,75y[n-2]=2,2403x[n]+2,4908x[n-1]+2,2403x[n-2]
%tinh va ve dap ung xung
n=40;
num=[2.2403 2.4908 2.2403 ];
den=[1 -0.4 0.75];
h=impz(num,den,n);
%hm impz : xac dinh dap ung xung don vi cua he thong
stem(h);
title('dap ung xung cua he thong');
vi x1[n]=cos(0,5 n + )
3
x2[n]=sin(0,2 n )
x[n]=3x1[n]+2x2[n]
tnh v v tn hiu li ra y1[n],y2[n],y[n]. xt xem h thng c tuyn tnh hay khng? V
sao?
%chuong trinh nghien cuu ve tinh chat tuyen tinh va khong tuyen tinh
n=0:40;
a=3;
b=2;
x1=cos(0.5*pi*n+pi/3);
x2=sin(0.2*pi*n);
x=a*x1+b*x2;
num=[1 2 1];
den=[1 -0.5 0.25];
y1=filter(num,den,x1);
y2=filter(num,den,x2);
y=filter(num,den,x);
yt=a*y1+b*y2;
d=y-yt
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(n,y);
title('tin hieu loi ra theo x')
axis([0 40 -50 50])
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(n,yt);
title('tin hieu loi ra theo y')
axis([0 40 -50 50])
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(n,d);
title('tin hieu sai so d')
n=0:N;
stem(n,h);
xlabel('chi so thoi gian n');
ylabel('bien do');
title('dap ung xung don vi');
%In gia tri tuyet doi cua h(k)
td=abs(h(k))
%ket qua chay chuong trinh
b-y[n]=x[n]-4x[n-1]+3x[n-2]+1,7y[n-1]-y[n-2]
%chuong trinh
num=[1 4 3];
den=[1 -1.7 1];
N=100;
h=impz(num,den,N+1);
sum=0;
for k=1:N+1;
sum=sum + abs(h(k));
if abs(h(k))<10^(-6)
break
end
end
%ve dap ung xung don vi
n=0:N;
stem(n,h);
xlabel('chi so thoi gian n');
ylabel('bien do');
title('dap ung xung don vi');
%In gia tri tuyet doi cua h(k)
td=abs(h(k))
Nhn xt: da vo th ta thy h thng khng n nh v n bin thin lin tuc theo
dng sng sin
3-cc h thng bt bin vi thi gian
Cho h thng LTI c phng trnh sai phn
y[n]-0,5y[n-1]+0,25y[n-2]=x[n]+2x[n-1]+x[n-3]
vit chng trnh v tn hiu li ra y[n] v y[n-n0] vi n0=5, tn hiu li vo l
stem(n,y);
ylabel('bien do')
title('tin hieu ra cua he thong bac 4');
grid;
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(n,y2);
ylabel('bien do')
title('loi ra cua he thong noi tiep');
grid;
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(n,d);
xlabel('chi so thoi gian n');
ylabel('bien do');
title('tin hieu sai so');
grid;
% kt qu
IVNHN XT V KT LUN
Bi thc hnh gip ta m phng 1 s h thng ri rc tuyn tnh v bt bin vi thi
gian . n con gip ta hiu dc cc tnh cht ca h thng, cc thut ton v cc hm
trong tng bi ton, cc hng d gii quyt bi ton
Tn hiu ra phn nh r tnh cht v vn ca bi ton ph hp vi l thuyt hc
BI 4:PH TN S CA TN HIU-BIN I FORIER THI GIAN RI RC
I-L THUYT
1-Bin i forier thi gian ri rc
2- Bin i forier thi gian ri rc nghch o (IDTFT)
3-cc tnh cht ca DTFT
Tnh cht dch thi gian
Dch v tn s
Tnh cht nhn chp
Tnh cht iu ch
Tnh cht ngc thi gian
II-THC HNH
1- tnh ton DTFT
2- tnh DTFT X(e-jw) ca dy x[n] dng
2 + e jw
-jw
X(e ) =
1 + 0, 6e jw
%chuong trinh
%Tinh DTFT
%Tinh cac mau tan so cua DTFT
w=-4*pi:8*pi/511:4*pi;
num=[2 1];
den=[1 -0.6];
h=freqz(num,den,w);
% do thi cua DTFT
figure
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(w/pi,real(h));
grid;
title('phan thuc bien doi DTFT cua x[n]');
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(w/pi,imag(h));
grid;
title('phan ao bien doi DTFT cua x[n]');
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
figure
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(w/pi,abs(h));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua tin hieu x[n]');
xlabel('omega/pi)');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(w/pi,angle(h));
grid;
title('pho pha cua tin hieu x[n]');
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('pha do bang radians')
grid
h1=freqz(x,1,w);
h2=freqz([zeros(1,D) x],1,w);
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(w/pi,abs(h1));
grid;
title('pho bien do day goc')
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(w/pi,abs(h2));
grid
title('pho bien do cua day bi dich')
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(w/pi,angle(h1));
grid
title('pho pha cua day goc')
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(2,2,4)
plot(w/pi,angle(h2));
grid
title('pho pha cua day bi dich')
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
d- tnh cht iu ch
%chuong trinh
w=-pi:2*pi/225:pi;
x1=[1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17];
x2=[1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1];
y=x1.*x2;
h1=freqz(x1,1,w)
h2=freqz(x2,1,w)
h3=freqz(y,1,w)
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(w/pi,abs(h2));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua day x1')
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(w/pi,abs(h2));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua day x2')
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(w/pi,angle(h1));
title('pho bien do cua day tich');
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(w/pi,abs(h2));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua day nguoc thoi gian')
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(w/pi,angle(h1));
title('pho pha cua day goc');
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(w/pi,angle(h3));
title(' pho pha cua day nguoc thoi gian');
xlabel('omega/pi');
grid;
Nhn xt : lnh cho tnh cht ngc thi gian l h1,h2,h3 trong
h2=freqz(fliplr(x),1,w) l lnh c trng nht ( fliplr l hm ta ma trn ngc vi ma
trn x): xc nh p ng tn s ca ma trn ngc vi x
III-P DNG
NX: im nhy trong ph pha chnh l khong thi gian tn hiu nhy sang
trng thi khc
2-kho st tnh cht ca DTFT
a-dch chuyn v thi gian vi hai dy c chiu di thay i v hai dch thi khc
nhau
%bai 4.2 Tinh chat dich chuyen thoi gian
%chuong trinh
w=-pi:2*pi/225:pi;
wo=0.4*pi;
d=5;
x1=[1 3 5 7 9 ]
D=10;
x=[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9];
h1=freqz(x,1,w);
h2=freqz([zeros(1,d) x],1,w);
h3=freqz(x1,1,w);
h4=freqz([zeros(1,D) x1],1,w);
subplot(4,2,1)
plot(w/pi,abs(h1));
grid;
title('pho bien do day goc')
subplot(4,2,2)
plot(w/pi,abs(h2));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua day bi dich')
subplot(4,2,3)
plot(w/pi,angle(h1));
grid
title('pho pha cua day goc')
subplot(4,2,4)
plot(w/pi,angle(h2));
grid;
title('pho pha cua day bi dich')
subplot(4,2,5)
plot(w/pi,abs(h3));
grid;
title('pho bien do day goc')
subplot(4,2,6)
plot(w/pi,abs(h4));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua day bi dich')
subplot(4,2,7)
plot(w/pi,angle(h3));
grid
title('pho pha cua day goc')
subplot(4,2,8)
plot(w/pi,angle(h4));
grid;
title('pho pha cua day bi dich')
% ket qua
subplot(4,2,2)
plot(w/pi,abs(h3));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua day bi dich tan so')
subplot(4,2,3);
plot(w/pi,angle(h1));
title('pho pha cua day goc');
subplot(4,2,4);
plot(w/pi,angle(h3));
grid;
title('pho pha cua bi dich tan so');
subplot(4,2,5)
plot(w/pi,abs(h2));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua day goc')
subplot(4,2,6)
plot(w/pi,abs(h4));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua day bi dich tan so')
subplot(4,2,7);
plot(w/pi,angle(h2));
title('pho pha cua day goc');
subplot(4,2,8);
plot(w/pi,angle(h4));
grid;
title('pho pha cua bi dich tan so');
%kt qu
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(4,2,3);
plot(w/pi,angle(h1));
title('pho pha cua day goc');
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(4,2,4);
plot(w/pi,angle(h3));
title(' pho pha cua day nguoc thoi gian');
xlabel('omega/pi');
grid;
subplot(4,2,5)
plot(w/pi,abs(h4));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua day goc')
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(4,2,6)
plot(w/pi,abs(h6));
grid;
title('pho bien do cua day nguoc thoi gian')
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(4,2,7);
plot(w/pi,angle(h4));
title('pho pha cua day goc');
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do');
subplot(4,2,8);
plot(w/pi,angle(h6));
title(' pho pha cua day nguoc thoi gian');
xlabel('omega/pi');
grid;
% ket qua
IV-NHN XT V KT LUN
Bi thc hnh ny gip ta tm hiu v bin i DTFT (bin i fourier thi gian ri
rc) v cc tnh cht ca DTFT ,cc thut ton v cc hm, ngha ca cc hm
BIN I Z
I-L THUYT
1-trong phn ny s dng MATLAB nghin cu bin i z ca dy x[n].Trc tin
nghin cu bin i z ca dy x[n] c bin din bng phn thc hu t ca hai a
b0 + b1 z 1 + b2 z 2 + ... + bM z M
X
(
z
)
=
thc vi bin s phc z-1 dng:
a0 + a1 z 1 + a2 z 2 + ... + aM z M
Hoc di dng khai trin:
M
b
X ( z ) = 0 z n M
a0
(z z
m =0
N
(z p )
k =1
x[n]z
n =
1
k =1 1 pk z
Vi Ak =(1-Pkz-1) X(z),z=pk:
Nu Z c cc im cc bi v M N , c bit nu X(z) c 1 im cc bc nht ti
z=p th biu thc ca bin i z c khai trin thnh dng :
M N
N
s
Cm
AK
X ( z ) = Br z r +
+
1
1
r =0
k =1 1 pk z
m =1 (1 pi z )
Cc h s Br c th thu c bng cch chia dc t s cho mu s. qu trnh chia s
kt thc khi cn li bc thp hn bc ca mu s
3-gin im cc/im khng
4-xc nh cc im cc v im khng
II-THC HNH
1-khai trin bin i z thnh tha s
% chuong trinh ve gian do cuc khong
num=[2 5 9 5 3];
den=[5 45 2 1 1];
zplane(num,den)
[z,p,k]=tf2zp(num,den);
sos=zp2sos(z,p,k)
% ket qua
z=
-1.0000 + 1.4142i
-1.0000 - 1.4142i
-0.2500 + 0.6614i
-0.2500 - 0.6614i
p=
-8.9576
-0.2718
0.1147 + 0.2627i
0.1147 - 0.2627i
k=
0.4000
sos =
0.4000
1.0000
0.8000
0.5000
1.2000
0.5000
Nx: hm zp2sos c chc nng phn tch h thng cho ra ma trn c c LX6
Hm tf2zp : xc nh im cc v im khng ca hm truyn
2-bin i z ngc
% chuong trinh tim bien doi z nguoc cua ham truyen co dang phuong trinh(*)
num=[2 5 9 5 3];
den=[5 45 2 1 1];
[x,t]=impz(num,den)
%ket qua chuong trinh
x=
1.0e+007 *
0.0000
-0.0000
0.0000
-0.0000
0.0002
-0.0018
0.0161
-0.1439
1.2887
t=
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Nx: hm impz: xc nh p ng xung ca h thng
3-biu din hm truyn theo bin s trng thi
% tim ma tran trang thai cua ham truyen
num=[-11/6 3/2 -7/12 1/12];
den=[3 1.5 1 0.5];
[A B C D]=tf2ss(num,den)
% ket qua thuc hien
A=
-0.5000 -0.3333 -0.1667
1.0000
0
0
0 1.0000
0
B=
1
0
0
C=
0.8056 0.0093 0.1296
Nx: hm tf2ss: tm cc ma trn trng thi
III-P DNG
1-vit chng trnh matlab tnh v hin th cc im cc v im khng, v gin
im cc v im khng ca 1 bin i z c dng phn thc hu t ca z-1.dng
0.7000 -0.5000
0.3000
1.0000
0.3000 -0.5000
0.7000
0.9000
den =
1.0000
sos =
0.9000 1.8655 1.0900 1.0000 1.7115 0.8257
1.0000 -1.2950 0.9175 1.0000 -1.4115 1.0900
0.5850
den =
1.0000 -0.9500 0.1750 0.6625 -0.3187
3-tm cc ma trn trng thi ca cc hm truyn sau:
1 + 4, 2 z 1 + 0,8 z 2
a/ H ( z ) =
1 2,5 z 1 + 3 z 2 z 3
%(ap dung) tim ma tran trang thai cua ham truyen
num=[1 4.2 0.8 0];
den=[1 -2.5 3 -1];
[A B C D]=tf2ss(num,den)
1.0000
0
0
B=
1
0
0
C=
6.7000 -2.2000
1.0000
D=
1
8 z 3 + 16 z 2 + 12 z + 9
b/ H ( z ) = 3
z + 1, 6 z 2 + 1,1z + 0,3
%(ap dung) tim ma tran trang thai cua ham truyen
num=[9 12 16 8];
den=[3 1.1 1.6 1];
[A B C D]=tf2ss(num,den)
% ket qua thuc hien
A=
-0.3667 -0.5333 -0.3333
1.0000
0
0
0 1.0000
0
B=
1
0
0
C=
2.9000
3.7333
1.6667
D=
3
VNHN XT V KT LUN
Bi thc hnh nghin cu v bin di z cua dy x[n], v v xc dnh cc im cc
im khng hiu c cc hm s dng trong chng trnh d gii quyt bi ton
BI 6: THIT K CC B LC
I-L THUYT
1- Cc ch tiu thit k b lc
2-thit k b lc IIR
3-Thit k b lc FIR
II-THC HNH
1-thit k b lc IIR
Thit k mch lc elliptic va butterworth thng thp vi cc quy nh sau:
Tn s mp ca di thng fp=800hz, mp ca di chn fs=1khz , mp m ca di
thng 0,5Db, suy gim cc tiu ca di chn 40dB v tn s ly mu F=4khz
%thiet ke bo loc elliptic
[N,Wn]=ellipord(0.4,0.5,.05,40);
[b,a]=ellip(N,0.5,40,Wn);
[h,omega]=freqz(b,a,256);
subplot(1,2,1);
plot(omega/pi,20*log10(abs(h)));
grid;
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do(db)');
title('mach loc IIR elliptic');
%thiet ke mach loc
[N,Wn]=buttord(0.4,0.5,.05,40);
[b,a]=butter(N,Wn);
[h,omega]=freqz(b,a,256);
subplot(1,2,2);
plot(omega/pi,20*log10(abs(h)));
grid;
xlabel('omega/pi');
ylabel('bien do(db)');
title('mach loc IIR butterworth');
kt qu chng trnh
thit k b lc thng di s dng php bin i song song tuyn tnh thit
k b lc chebychev loi 1 bc 5, di thng 0,1-0,5hz tn s ly mu 2hz. Cc
tn s ct l 1 = 2 =
5
%tk bo loc thong dai su dung phep bien doi song song tuyen tinh
[z,p,k]=cheb1ap(5,3);
[A,B,C,D]=zp2ss(z,p,k);
fs=2;
u1=2*fs*tan(0.1*(2*pi/fs)/2);
u2=2*fs*tan(0.5*(2*pi/fs)/2);
Bw=u2-u1;
W0=sqrt(u1*u2);
[At,Bt,Ct,Dt]=lp2bp(A,B,C,D,W0,Bw);
[Ad,Bd,Cd,Dd]=bilinear(At,Bt,Ct,Dt,2,0.1);
[bz,az]=ss2tf(Ad,Bd,Cd,Dd);
[h,f]=freqz(bz,az,256,2);
semilogy(f,abs(h));
grid;
xlabel('frequency');
title('dap ung bien do');
kt qu chay chng trnh
2-thit k b lc FIR
thit k b lc FIR bng phng php ca s
%thiet ke bo loc fir
wp=0.2*pi;
ws=0.3*pi;
As=50;
bw=ws-wp;
N=ceil((As-7.95)/(2.285*bw))+1;
n=0:(N-1);
beta=0.5842*(50-21)^0.4+0.07886*(50-21);
wc=(ws+wp)/2;
h=(wc/pi)*sinc(wc*(n-N/2)).*besseli(0,beta*sqrt(1-4*((n-N/2)/
(N/2)).^2))/besseli(0,beta);
stem(n,h)
title('dap ung xung don vi cua bo loc FIR cua so kaiser');
pause
b=h;
a=[1];
freqz(b,a,500,1000);
title('dap ung tan so cua bo loc FIR cua so kaiser')
pause
t=0:0.001:0.1;
x=sin(2*pi*30*t)+sin(2*pi*450*t);
y=filter(b,a,x);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t,x);
title('tin hieu gom 2 tan so:30hz va 450hz');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(t,y);
title('tin hieu da loc');
xlabel('thoi gian(s)');
II-P DNG
1- thit k b lc IIR
Thit k b lc thng di dng hm cheby2 vi cc yu cu nh sau:
-gii hn ca dy chn di :0,3
-gii hn ca dy chn trn : 0,6
- suy hao di chn :50dB
- cc gii hn trn v di ca di thng: 0,4 v 0,5
- gn sng di thng :0,5dB
[z,p,k]=cheb2ap(10,0.5);
[A,B,C,D]=zp2ss(z,p,k);
As=50;
u1=2*As*tan(0.4*pi*(2*pi/As)/2);
u2=2*As*tan(0.5*pi*(2*pi/As)/2);
Bw=u2-u1;
W0=sqrt(u1*u2);
[At,Bt,Ct,Dt]=lp2bp(A,B,C,D,W0,Bw);
[Ad,Bd,Cd,Dd]=bilinear(At,Bt,Ct,Dt,2,0.1);
[bz,az]=ss2tf(Ad,Bd,Cd,Dd);
[h,f]=freqz(bz,az,256,2);
semilogy(f,abs(h));
grid;
xlabel('frequency');
title('dap ung bien do');
%ket qua
2-thit k b lc FIR
a-bng phng php ca s
thit k b lc FIR s , thng thp pha tuyn tnh s dng phng php ca s
kaiser vi cc yu cu thit k : tn s ly mu 10khz, tn s gii hn gii
thng 1,5khz ,tn s gii hn gii chn 2khz , suy hao gii thng 0,1Db ,suy
hao gii chn 80dB,. Tnh bc ca b lc
%thiet ke bo loc fir
wp=1,5;
ws=2;
Ap=0.1;
As=80;
bw=ws-wp;
N=ceil((As-7.95)/(2.285*bw))+1;
n=0:(N-1);
beta=0.5842*(50-21)^0.4+0.07886*(50-21);
wc=(ws+wp)/2;
h=(wc/pi)*sinc(wc*(n-N/2)).*besseli(0,beta*sqrt(1-4*((n-N/2)/
(N/2)).^2))/besseli(0,beta);
stem(n,h)
title('dap ung xung don vi cua bo loc FIR cua so kaiser');
pause
b=h;
a=[1];
freqz(b,a,500,1000);
title('dap ung tan so cua bo loc FIR cua so kaiser')
pause
t=0:0.001:0.1;
x=sin(2*pi*30*t)+sin(2*pi*450*t);
y=filter(b,a,x);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t,x);
title('tin hieu gom 2 tan so:30hz va 450hz');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(t,y);
title('tin hieu da loc');
xlabel('thoi gian(s)');
figure;
b- FIR nhiu di tn
thit k b lc FIR c dp ng tn s c m t nh sau
- di tn t -1 -0,8: bin gim t 5 xung 2 trng s bng 1
- di tn t -0,7 0,5:bin bng 2 trng s bng 5
- di tn t -0,4 -0,1 : bin gim t 2 xung 1 trong s bng 1
- di tn t 0,5 0,7 : bin bng 2 trng s bng 5
- di tn t 0,8 1: bin tng t 2 ln 5, trng s bng 1
%tk bo loc FIR co dap ung tan so tuy chon
b=cfirpm(38,[-1 -0.8 -0.7 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1],{'multiband',[5 2
2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 5]},[1 5 1 1 5 1]);
[hh,ff]=freqz(b,1,512,2,'whole');
plot(ff,abs(hh),'b-');
grid;
xlabel('tan so chuan hoa');
ylabel('bien do');
BI 7: M PHNG M HNH H THNG VIN THNG
I-L THUYT
Bi th nghim ny tm hiu phng php m hnh ha mt h thng thng tin
n gin nh hnh 7.1
Thng tin
truyn
M ha
nun
M sa
sai
iu ch
Truyn dn
Knh truyn
Thng tin
nhn
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Gii iu
ch
m ha ngun
nn theo -law
lng t ha
m sa sai
m hamming
m BCH
m tch chp
iu ch
AM/FM
ASK
QPSK
II-THC HNH
Trong phn ny chng ta s thc hin m hnh 1 h thng truyn thng ri
rc nh hnh 7.2
M ha
BCH
Tn hiu
digital thu
Gii m
BCH
iu ch
QASK
Knh truyn
(nhiu gaussian)
Tn hiu
digital
Gii iu
ch QASK
III-P DNG
Thc hin m hnh digital communications nh m hnh sau:
M ha
BCH
Msg thu
Gii m
BCH
iu ch
FSK
Knh truyn
(nhiu gaussian)
msg
Gii iu
ch FSK
stem(code,'.');
ylabel('bch');
%dieu che fsk su dung bo dieu che m-fsk
m=16;
fd=1;
fc=10;
fs=30;
modu=fskmod(code,fc,fd,fs,'fsk',m);
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(modu);
ylabel('qask');
%kenh truyen co nhieu
std_value=0.1;
modu_noise=modu+randn(length(modu),1)*std_value;
%giai dieu che fsk
demo=fskdemod(modu_noise,fc,fd,fs,'fsk',m);
%giai ma bch
msg_r=decode(demo,n,k,'bch');
subplot(4,1,4);
stem(msg_r,'.');
ylabel('received message');
IV-NHN XT V KT LUN
Bi thc hnh tm hiu v phng php m hnh ha 1 h thng thng tin.
Nguyn tc chung v th t ca m hnh l l to tn hiu ngun, m ha tn hiu, diu
ch tn hiu v gii iu ch, knh truyn nhiu cui cng l gii m ha thu c tn
hiu
Bi thc hnh cn gip ta tm hiu c cc hm v nguyn tc s dng cc hm