_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 1

 CHNG 6:

MCH LM TON
S B
PHP TR S NH PHN DNG S B 1
PHP TR S NH PHN DNG S B 2
PHP TON VI S C DU
MCH CNG
Bn phn
Ton phn
Cng hai s nhiu bt

MCH TR
Bn phn
Ton phn
Tr hai s nhiu bit
Cng & tr hai s nhiu bit trong mt mch

MCH NHN
Mch nhn c bn
Mch nhn ni tip - song song n gin

MCH CHIA
Mch chia phc hi s b chia
Mch chia khng phc hi s b chia

___________________________________________________________________________
____

6.1 S b
Cho s dng N, n bit, cc s b ca N c nh ngha:
S b 2: (N)2 = 2n - N (s 2n gm bit 1 v n bit 0 theo sau)
S b 1: (N)1 = (N)2 -1 = 2n - N - 1
Th d 1: N = 1010
S b 2 ca N l
(N)2 = l 10000 - 1010 = 0110
V s b 1 ca N l (N)1 = 0110 - 1 = 0101
Th d 2: N = 110010101100 (N)2 = 001101010100 v (N)1 = 001101010011
Nhn xt:
- c s b 2 ca mt s, bt u t bit LSB (tn cng bn phi) i ngc v bn
tri, cc bit s gi nguyn cho n lc gp bit 1 u tin, sau o tt c cc bit cn li.
- c s b 1 ca mt s, ta o tt c cc bit ca s .
T cc nhn xt trn ta c th thc hin mt mch to s b 1 v 2 sau y:

(H 6.1)

- Khi C=1, B l s b 1 ca b (B1 v b1 l bit LSB)

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 2
- Khi C=0, B l s b 2 ca b.
Tht vy, cc biu thc logic ca B theo b v C l:
B1 = b 1 C
B2 = b 2 ( C + b 1 )
B3 = b 3 (C + b 1 + b 2 )

- Khi C=1 , cc ng ra cng OR lun bng 1, cc cng EX - OR lun c mt ng vo

bng 1 nn ng ra l o ca ng vo cn li, ta c:
B1 = b 1 1 = b 1
B2 = b 2 (1 + b 1 ) = b 2 1 = b 2
B3 = b 3 (1 + b 1 + b 2 ) = b 3 1 = b 3

- Khi C=0
B1 = b 1 0 = b 1
B2 = b 2 ( 0 + b 1 ) = b 2 b 1

= b2 nu b1=0 v b 2 nu b1 = 1
B3 = b 3 (0 + b 1 + b 2 ) = b 3 (b 1 + b 2 )
= b3 nu b1 v b2 u =0
= b 3 nu (b1 v/hoc b2 = 1)

Nh vy tt c cc bit sau bit 1 th nht tnh t bit LSB u b o v B chnh l s b

2 ca b
Chng ta cng c th thit k mch to s b hai bng cch dng FF RS, c ng vo
R, S tc ng mc cao, kt hp vi cc cng logic nh (H 6.2). Mch ny dng kh tin li
khi cn thc hin bi ton cng v tr nhiu bit kiu ni tip.

(H 6.2)
Bt u, Preset mch ng ra Q = 1, cng G3 ng, G2 m, cho s B i qua m
khng b o cho n khi c bit 1 u tin n, cng G1 m cho xung ng h i qua, FF RS
c reset, Q = 0, Q = 1, G2 ng, G3 m, s B i qua cng G2 v b o. ng ra c s
b 2 ca B.

6.2 Php tr s nh phn dng s b 1:

Cho hai s dng A v B c n bit (nu s bit khc nhau, ta thm s 0 vo , m khng
lm thay i tr, c hai c cng s bit)
a/ - AB

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 3
Kt qu A-B l s 0 hoc m, php tnh c thc hin nh sau:
Tnh A - B:
A - B = A-B+2n-1-2n+1
= A+(2n -B -1 ) - 2n+1
= A+(B )1 - 2n+1
= - {2n - [A+(B )1] -1}
= - [A+(B )1]1
Vy A-B c c bng cch cng s b 1 ca B vo A ri ly b 1 ca tng v thm
du tr . Nh vy thc hin php tnh tr ta ch cn dng php cng v php o
Th d 3 : Tnh 1001 - 11010 dng s b 1
Ta c
A = 01001 (thm s 0 vo c 5 bit nh s B
B = 11010 (B)1 = 00101
A-B = - [A+(B )1]1 = - (01001+00101) =- (01110)1
= - (10001)
Trong h thp phn, y l bi ton 910 - 2610 = -1710
thy du tr c nhn ra nh th no, ta vit li php ton:

Khng c s trn (hay s trn =0) l du hiu ca kt qu m (hoc =0) v ta phi ly

b 1, thm du tr c kt qu cui cng: (01110)1 = - 10001
Th d 4: Tnh 10110 - 10110
A = 10110 v B = 10110 (B)1 = 01001

Trong php cng u tin khng c s trn, kt qu xem nh s m (hoc =0) ly b 1

ca kt qu ta c A-B =00000.
b/ - A >B
Kt qu A-B l s dng, php tnh c thc hin theo qui tc sau:
Cng A vi (B)1 ri thm 1 v khng quan tm ti s nh cui cng
Th d 5: Tnh 110101 - 100110 dng s b 1
A = 110101 v B = 100110 (B)1 = 011001

B qua s nh cui cng, ta c kt qu A-B =001111.

Trong h thp phn l bi ton 5310 - 3810 = 1510.

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 4
Trong php tnh c s trn chng t kt qu l s dng. S 1 cng thm vo xem nh
ly t s nh em qua.
Tm li, thc hin bi ton tr, A-B, ta cng A vi b 1 ca B. Da vo s c mt
hay khng ca s trn m c bin php x l kt qu:
- Nu s trn =0, kt qu l s m (hoc =0) , ta phi ly b 1 ca kt qu v thm du
- c.
- Nu s trn =1, ta cng thm 1 vo c kt qu cui cng (b qua bit trn) l mt
s dng.

6.3 php tr s nh phn dng s b 2:

Php ton dng s b 1 c mt bt tin l ta phi thm bi ton cng 1 vo, trnh
vic ny ta dng php ton vi s b 2
Cho hai s dng A v B c n bit
a/ - A<B
Tnh A-B:
A-B = A-B+2n-2n
= A+(2n - B ) - 2n
= A+(B )2 - 2n
= - {2n - [A+(B )2] }
= - [A+(B )2]2
Vy A-B c c bng cch cng s b 2 ca B vo A ri ly b 2 ca tng v thm
du tr. Nh vy ta chuyn php tnh tr thnh php cng
Th d 6: Tnh 1001 - 11010 dng s b 2
Ta c A = 01001 (thm s 0 vo c 5 bit nh s B)
B = 11010 (N2)2 = 00110
A-B = - [A+(B )2]2 = - (01001+00110) =- (01111)2
= - (10001)
Ta c li kt qu trn
thy du tr c nhn ra nh th no, ta vit li php ton:

Khng c s trn l du hiu ca kt qu m v ta phi ly b 2, thm du tr c

kt qu cui cng: (01111)2 = - 10001
b/ - A B
Kt qu A-B l 0 hoc s dng, php tnh c thc hin theo qui tc sau:
Cng A vi (B)2 v khng quan tm ti s nh v tr 2n
Th d 7 : Tnh 110101 - 100110 dng s b 2
A = 110101 v B = 100110 (B)2 = 011010

C s trn, kt qu l s dng. B qua s trn v c ngay kt qu m khng phi

bin i: 001111 = 1510

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 5
Th d 8 : Tnh 10110 - 10110
A = 10110 v B = 10110 (B)2 = 01010

B qua s trn ta c A-B =00000.

6.4 Php ton vi s c du

Cho ti gi chng ta thc hin cc php ton vi s khng du v i khi xut hin
du tr trong kt qu. Trong my tnh, iu ny c th khc phc c bng cch dng s c
du.
Vi qui c s dng c bit du l 0 v s m c du l 1
Th d 9: +1010 = 01010 +1510 = 01111 +2310 = 010111
-1010 = 10110 - 1510 = 10001 - 2310 = 101001
C th thy rng s m ca mt s l s b 2 ca n k c bit du.
Vi cch biu din s c du, php ton tr tr thnh php ton cng:
A-B = A+(-B )
Th d 10: Tnh A-B =01110 - 01001; B = 01001 = +910 - 910 = 10111

Bit du =0 ch kt qu dng, b bit trn C2.

Vy A-B = 00101 [(+1410 )-(+910)] = +510
Nu A hoc B u dng hoc m , kt qu c th cn thm mt bit do trn s. Trong
trng hp ny bit trn u tin thuc kt qu v C2 l bit du
Th d 11: Tnh A+B vi A = 01110 (+1410) v B = 01001 (+910)
Kt qu l 010111 = +2310 vi C2 = 0 l bit du

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 6
Th d 12: Tnh A-B vi A =10010 (-1410) v B =01001 (+910)

Mt ln na C2 ch bit du. Kt qu l 101001 = -2310 (010111 = 2310)

T cc kt qu trn, ta rt ra qui tc sau y:
Nu C1 = C2 th C2 l bit trn, b i v nu C1 C2 th C2 l bit du.
Th d 13: Tnh A-B vi A =011101 (+2910) v B =0110 (+610)
B = 000110 = +610 - 610 = 111010
B

Ghi ch: - Trong tt c trng hp, ta lun lun thc hin php cng do c th b
qua php tr
- Khi cng hai s hng cng du th c th xy ra hin tng trn, lc bit
du di v bn tri mt bit. Trong cc trng hp khc th du ca kt qu cng v tr vi
du ca cc s hng
- Ngoi ra kt qu cn c x l ty vo kt qu so snh s khc nhau ca
hai s nh C1 v C2 (nh mt cng EX-OR).

6.5 Mch cng nh phn:

6.5.1 Mch cng bn phn (Half adder, HA):
L mch cng hai s 1 bit

Bng s tht

kt qu

Mch

K hiu

(H 6.3)

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 7
6.5.2 Mch cng ton phn (Full adder,FA) :
L mch cng hai bit cng v tr trong hai s nh phn nhiu bit, ni cch khc, y
l mch cng hai bit , gi s th n, v bit nh c c t php cng hai bit th n-1 ca hai s
nh phn . Ta c bng s tht
Cn-1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

Bn
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
B

An
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Sn
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

Cn
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1

Dng bng Karnaugh ta xc nh c Sn v Cn nh sau:

S n = C n 1 (A

Bn )

C n = A n B n + C n 1 (A

Bn )

(H 6.4)

C th thy mt mch cng ton phn gm hai mch cng bn phn v mt cng OR

6.6 Cng hai s nh phn nhiu bit:

6.6.1 Cng ni tip
Trong cch cng ni tip, ngi ta dng cc ghi dch chuyn cc bit vo mt mch
cng ton phn duy nht, s nh t ng ra Cn c lm tr mt bit nh FF D v a vo ng
vo Cn-1. Nh vy tc ca php cng ty thuc vo tn s xung CK v s bit phi thc hin.

(H 6.5)

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 8
6.6.2 Cng song song
Trong cch cng song song, cc bit c a ng thi vo cc mch cng ton phn
v s nh ca kt qu bit thp c a ln bit cao hn (H 6.6).

(H 6.6)

Chnh v phi ch s nh m tc cng cn hn ch. Mun nng tc cng ln,

ngi ta thc hin php cng song song nh trc s nh.

6.6.3 Mch cng song song nh trc s nh

tng tc ca mch cng song song, ngi ta to trc cc s nh a ng
thi vo mch cng
T biu thc xc nh s nh

Cn = AnBn + Cn1(An Bn )
t Pn = AnBn
v Gn = An Bn
B

Ta xc nh c C1, C2, C3 .... nh sau:

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 9
(H 6.7)

Nhn thy thi gian tnh s nh ging nhau cc tng v bng t1+t2 . t1 l thi gian
truyn ng thi qua cc cng AND v t2 l thi gian truyn qua cng OR.
S khi mch cng song song nh trc s nh:

(H 6.8)

Trn th trng hin c IC 7483 (tng ng 4008 ca CMOS) l IC cng 4 bit theo
kiu nh trc s nh.

6.6.4 Cng hai s BCD

Trn th trng c cc IC cng s nh phn, trong lc trn thc t nhiu khi chng ta
cn cng cc s BCD cho kt qu l s BCD.
Chng ta tm cch dng IC 7483 (4008) cng hai s BCD
Hai s BCD c tr t 010 n 910 khi cng li cho kt qu t 010 n 1810. c c
kt qu dng BCD ta phi hiu chnh kt qu c c t mch cng nh phn.
Di y l kt qu tng ng gia 3 loi m: thp phn, nh phn v BCD
Nh

Phn

BCD c

TP

S=C4

S4

S3

S2

S1

S =C4

S4

S3

S2

S1

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

theo NP
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 10
18

24

Nhn thy:
- Khi kt qu <10 m nh phn v BCD hon ton ging nhau
- Khi kt qu 10 c c m BCD ta phi cng thm 6 cho m nh phn
gii quyt vn hiu chnh ny trc tin ta s thc hin mt mch pht hin kt
qu trung gian ca mch cng hai s nh phn 4 bit. Mch ny nhn vo kt qu trung gian
ca php cng 2 s nh phn 4 bit v cho ng ra Y = 1 khi kt qu ny 10, ngc li, Y=0.
Bng s tht

S1 = 1

TP

C4

S4

S3

S2

0-1
2-3
4-5
6-7
8-9
10-11
12-13
14-15
16-17
18

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1

Ta khng dng ng vo S1 v tng cp tr c C4 S4 S3 S2 ging nhau th S1 = 0 v

Dng bng Karnaugh xc nh c Y
Y = C4 + S4 (S3 + S2)
V mch cng hai s BCD c thc hin theo s (H 6.9)

(H 6.9)

Vn hnh:
- IC th nht cho kt qu trung gian ca php cng hai s nh phn.
- IC th hai dng hiu chnh c kt qu l s BCD:
- Khi kt qu < 10, IC 2 nhn ng vo B s 0000 (do Y=0) nn kt qu khng thay
i.
- Khi kt qu trung gian 10, IC 2 nhn ng vo B s 01102 = 610 (do Y=1) v kt
qu c hiu chnh nh ni trn.

6.6.5 Mch cng lu s nh

Nhc li, mt mch cng ton phn (FA) nhn 3-bit ng vo v cho 2 ng ra :
- Mt l tng ca cc bit c cng trng s vi cc bit ng vo
- Mt l s nh c trng s gp i trng s ca cc bit ng vo

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 11
cng mt chui s, nhiu mch cng ton phn s c s dng, s nh c lu
li a vo mch cng bit cao hn.
Th d 14 : Vi 3 s 3-bit X (X3X2X1), Y(Y3Y2Y1), Z (Z3Z2Z1) mch cng c dng

(H 6.10)

Ngi ta dng mch cng loi ny thc hin bi ton nhn.

c kt qu nhanh hn, c th dng mch (H 6.11)

(H 6.11)

6.7 Mch tr nh phn:

6.7.1 Mch tr bn phn
L mch tr hai s 1 bit (H 6.12)

(H 6.12)

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 12
6.7.2 Mch tr c s nh (mch tr ton phn)
L mch tr 2 bit c quan tm ti s nh mang t bit trc
Rn-1

An

Bn

Dn

Rn

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1

Bng s tht
Dng bng Karnaugh xc nh c cc hm Dn v Rn
D n = Rn 1 (A n Bn )
Rn = A n Bn + Rn 1 (A n Bn )

V mch (H 6.13)

(H 6.13)

Nhn thy cu to mch tr ging nh mch cng, ch khc mch to s nh

6.7.3 Tr s nhiu bit

Ta c mch tr s nhiu bit bng cch mc song song cc mch tr 1 bit (H 6.14)

(H 6.14)

6.7.4 Cng v tr s nhiu bit trong mt mch

Nhc li thc hin php ton tr, ngi ta cng vi s b 1 v cng thm 1 (hoc
cng vi s b 2), nh vy thc hin php tr A - B ta tnh A + (B)1 + 1 . Mch (H 6.6)
c sa i c thc hin php cng v tr ty vo ng iu khin C (H 6.15)
- Khi C=0, ta c mch cng
- Khi C =1, ta c mch tr

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 13

(H 6.15)

Ta cng c th thc hin mch cng tr theo kiu mc ni tip (H 6.16)

(H 6.16)

Nu hai s A, B l s 8 bit, c du, kt qu c x l bi mch d s trn, thit k

da vo biu thc: OV = C7 C8 . Khi OV =1 ngha l c s trn (tc C7C8), th s trn C8
s l bit du, S8 l mt bit ca kt qu v khi OV = 0 (tc C7=C8), th S8 l bit du.

6.8 Mch nhn

Ly th d bi ton nhn 2 s 4 bit

S8

P44
S7

P34
P43
S6

P24
P33
P42
S5

Y4
X4
P14
P23
P32
P41
S4

Y3
X3
P13
P22
P31

Y2
X2
P12
P21

Y1
X1
P11

S b nhn
S nhn
Tch tng phn

S3

S2

S1

Kt qu

6.8.1. Mch nhn c bn

Vic thc hin bi ton nhn c th xem nh gm hai bc:
- Tnh cc tch tng phn: thc hin bi cc cng AND
- Tnh tng ca cc tch tng phn: p dng bi ton tng chui s (H 6.17)

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 14

(H 6.17)

Dng IC cng 4 bit (7483 hoc 4008) mch nhn hai s 4 bit c dng (H 6.18)

(H 6.18)

6.8.2. Mch nhn ni tip - song song n gin (H 6.19)

(H 6.19)

Trong mch ny, mt trong hai s c a ni tip vo mch (trong trng hp ny

l s b nhn) v s cn li a song song vo mch.
- S nhn (b4b3b2b1) a song song vo mch qua cc cng AND ng thi kim sot
cc cng ny: ng vi bit 1 s b nhn qua mch ti mch cng (cng 2 v 4); ng vi bit 0
ng ra cng AND bng khng (cng 1 v 3)

_______________________________________________________________
Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 15
- S b nhn a ni tip vo mch theo th t t bit LSB. Cc FF D c tc dng dch
kt qu ca php nhn (l cc tch tng phn) trc khi a vo mch cng cng cc tch
tng phn ny.
Th d 15 : Xem bi ton nhn 10x14. S nhn l 1010 (1010) v s b nhn l 1110
(1410). Qu trnh nhn gii thch nh sau:
P8
0
0
0
0
1

P7
0
0
0
1
0

P6
0
0
0
1
0

P5
0
1
0
1
0

P4
0
1
0
0
1

P3
0
1
0
0
1

P2
0
0
0
0
0

P1
0
0
0
0
0

A
B
C
D
Output
100011002 = 14010
C th thy rng ng ra A lun lun bng 0 v bit LSB ca s nhn = 0. Ng ra B c
gi tr ca s b nhn c lm tr 1 bit (1 xung ng h). Ng ra C c lm tr 2 bit v lun
bng 0 (Ging nh A). Ng ra D ging nh B nhng tr 3 bit. iu ny c th so snh vi bi
ton trn giy
S b nhn
S nhn
A
B
C
D
Tch

1
0
1
0

0
1
0

1
0

1
1
0
1
0
0
1

1
0
0
1
0
0
1

1
1
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Mun khng s dng mch cng s nhiu bit, ngi ta dng mch (H 6.20)

(H 6.20)

Mch (H 6.20) cn (n-1) mch cng v mch tr (FF D) cho s nhn n bit. Cc cng
AND cho php cc bit ca s b nhn i qua khi s nhn l 1, s b nhn (vi s bit bt k)
c cho vo mch ni tip vi bit LSB vo u tin.
Ng ra cng 4 sau 4 xung Clock l 1110. Ng ra cng 3 lun lun bng 0.
Mch cng A cng s ng ra 3 v ng ra 4 b tr 1 bit:
1
1

0
1
1

0
1
1

0
0
0

0
0
0

Tng t mch cng B cng s b nhn vi kt qu A c lm tr 1 bit

1
0

1
0

1
1
0

1
0
1

1
0
1

0
0
0

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Mch lm ton VI - 16
v mch cng C
1
1

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
1
1

0
1
1

0
0
0

0
0
0

Lu l mch (H 6.20) kt qu cho ng ra mch cng C vi bit LSB ra u tin,

tuy nhin mch ny cha quan tm ti s nh.
Mch (H 6.21) cho kt qu vi s nh .

(H 6.21)

V (H 6.22) l mt mch thc t dng ghi dch 4 bit c ng vo/ra song song, mt
mch cng 4 bit v mt chip 4 cng AND 2 ng vo thc hin bi ton nhn.

(H 6.22)

6.9 Mch chia

Nguyn tc ca php chia s nh phn l thc hin php so snh mt phn ca s b
chia (s bit u tin bng vi s bit ca s chia) vi s chia, nu s b chia ln hn s chia th
thng s =1, thc hin php tr, ngc li th thng s =0, sau dch tri phn cn li ca
s b chia mt bit (hoc dch phi s chia 1 bit) ri tip tc thc hin bi ton so snh ging
nh trn. Cng vic c lp li cho n khi chm dt.
S (H 6.23) tm tt gii thut thc hin bi ton chia

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Mch lm ton VI - 17

Dch

Yes

S chia < S b
chia ?

No

Thng s =0,
Khng tr

Thng s = 1,
Tr s b chia
cho s chia

Chia xong ?
Yes

No

Kt thc
(H 6.23)

6.9.1 Php chia c phc hi s b chia

Thay v phi thc hin vic so snh, ngi ta lm php tnh tr mt phn s b chia
cho s chia, nu kt qu dng, thng s l 1, nu kt qu m, thng s l 0, trong trng
hp ny phi phc hi li s b chia bng cch cng s b chia cho s chia trc khi dch s b
chia sang tri 1 bit (hoc s chia sang phi) tip tc lp li bi ton cho n khi kt thc.
(H 6.24) l s gii thut thc hin php chia c phc hi s b chia.

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_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 18

Dch

s b chia - s chia

Yes

Kt qu
dng ?

Thng s = 1

No

Thng s = 0

s b chia + s chia

Yes
Chia xong?

No

Kt thc
(H 6.24)

thc hin php chia theo s trn, ngoi cc thanh ghi cha cc s b chia, s
chia , s thng ngi ta phi dng thanh ghi cha s b chia c phc hi.

6.9.2 Php chia khng phc hi s b chia

H thng s n gin hn nu chng ta dng php chia khng cn phc hi s b chia
theo nguyn tc nh di y.
Quan st gin (H 6.24) ta thy c 2 trng hp:

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Mch lm ton VI - 19
S chia ln hn s b chia (nhnh bn phi)
Lu l dch s chia v bn phi 1 bit tng ng vi chia s cho 2
Nhnh bn phi ca s trn gm 2 bi ton:
- Cng s b chia vi s chia.
- Tr s b chia cho 1/2 s chia (tr b chia cho s chia dch phi)
Hai bc ny c th gom li thnh mt bc duy nht nh sau:
- Cng s b chia vi s chia dch phi.
S chia nh hn s b chia (nhnh bn tri)
Sau khi ly kt qu =1, lnh k tip thc hin l tr s chia dch phi.
T cc kt qu nhn xt trn c th thay s (H 6.24) bi s gii thut thc hin
php chia khng cn phc hi s b chia (H 6.25)

s b chia - s chia

Ye s

Kt qu
dng ?

No

Thng s = 1

Thng s = 0

Dch

Dch

s b chia + s chia

s b chia - s chia

Chia xong?

No

Kt thc
(H 6.25)

Da vo s (H 6.25), cc bc thc hin bi ton chia nh sau:

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_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 20
- S chia (SC) ln hn s b chia (SBC) (SBC - SC < 0), thng s l 0, dch phi s
chia 1 bit (thc t ta mang thm 1 bit ca s b chia xung), thc hin bi ton cng s chia v
s b chia
- S chia nh hn s b chia (SBC - SC > 0), thng s l 1, dch phi s chia 1 bit,
thc hin bi ton tr (cng s b 2) s b chia cho s chia
n gin, gi s s chia v b chia u dng (MSB = 0), s b chia gm 6 bit v
s chia gm 4 bit.
Th d 1: Thc hin bi ton chia 2110 = 0101012 cho 710 = 01112.
S b 2 ca 0111 l (0111)2 = 1001

Ghi ch:
(1) S 1 trn mi tn ch rng kt qu php ton tr l s m, bc k tip l di v
cng s chia
(2) S 0 trn mi tn ch rng kt qu php ton tr l s dng, bc k tip l di v
tr s chia (cng s b 2)
Thng s c c t cc s trn m trn php tnh ta ghi trong vng trn.
Kt qu: thng l 011(=3) v s d l 0000(=0)
Bi ton trn cho kt qu vi 3 bc cng/tr. Tuy nhin nu ta chia 21 cho 1 th cn
ti 6 bc cng tr c thng s 6 bit. Mt cch tng qut s bc ca bi ton bng vi
s bt ca s b chia.
Ta c th lm li bi ton vi 6 bc cng/tr ((thm 3 bit 0 cho s b chia)

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Mch lm ton VI - 21

Th d 2 v 3 di y l bi ton 6 bc
Th d 2 : Chia 21 cho 6 c kt qu 3 v s d l 3

Th d 3 : Chia 21 cho 5, c kt qu 4 v s d l 1. Tuy nhin trn php ton ta

thy php cng vi s chia cui cng cho kt qu m (s 1100) nn iu chnh s d ta
phi cng s chia vo v b qua s trn.

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_________________________________________________________________Chng 6

Mch lm ton VI - 22

(1) Cng s chia vo iu chnh s d

Mch thc hin cc bi ton ny cho (H 6.26).
Trong (H 6.26) bc u tin c thc hin bi cc cng EX-OR trn cng c ng
iu khin = 1 thc hin bi ton tr. Sau bc th nht, bit th t ca mch cng (S4) s
quyt nh php ton sau l cng (S4=1) hay tr (S4=0) s b chia vi s chia. S nh ca
bi ton cui cng (bc 6) l bit LSB ca thng s. V mch cng cui cng c thit k
kt hp vi cc cng AND x l kt qu ca s d nh trong hai th d 2 v 3. Nu kt qu
ca bi ton bc 6 c S4 = 1 th cng AND m thc hin bi ton cng vi s chia
iu chnh s d.

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Mch lm ton VI - 23

(H 6.26)

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