transistor cu to va nguyn tc hot ng Cu to v nguyn tc hot ng ca Transistor thun v Transistor ngc. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Cu to ca Transistor.

( Bng bn dn ) Transistor gm ba lp bn dn ghp vi nhau hnh thnh hai mi tip gip P-N , nu ghp theo th t PNP ta c Transistor thun , nu ghp theo th t NPN ta c Transistor ngc. v phng din cu to Transistor tng ng vi hai Diode u ngc chiu nhau . Cu to Transistor Ba lp bn dn c ni ra thnh ba cc , lp gia gi l cc gc k hiu l B ( Base ), lp bn dn B rt mng v c nng tp cht thp. Hai lp bn dn bn ngoi c ni ra thnh cc pht ( Emitter ) vit tt l E, v cc thu hay cc gp ( Collector ) vit tt l C, vng bn dn E v C c cng loi bn dn (loi N hay P ) nhng c kch thc v nng tp cht khc nhau nn khng hon v cho nhau c. 2. Nguyn tc hot ng ca Transistor. * Xt hot ng ca Transistor NPN . Mch kho st v nguyn tc hot ng ca transistor NPN Ta cp mt ngun mt chiu UCE vo hai cc C v E trong (+) ngun vo cc C v (-) ngun vo cc E. Cp ngun mt chiu UBE i qua cng tc v tr hn dng vo hai cc B v E , trong cc (+) vo chn B, cc (-) vo chn E. Khi cng tc m , ta thy rng, mc d hai cc C v E c cp in nhng vn khng c dng in chy qua mi C E ( lc ny dng IC = 0 ) Khi cng tc ng, mi P-N c phn cc thun do c mt dng in chy t (+) ngun UBE qua cng tc => qua R hn dng => qua mi BE v cc (-) to thnh dng IB Ngay khi dng IB xut hin => lp tc cng c dng IC chy qua mi CE lm bng n pht sng, v dng IC mnh gp nhiu ln dng IB Nh vy r rng dng IC hon ton ph thuc vo dng IB v ph thuc theo mt cng thc . IC = .IB Trong IC l dng chy qua mi CE IB l dng chy qua mi BE l h s khuych i ca Transistor Gii thch : Khi c in p UCE nhng cc in t v l trng khng th vt qua mi tip gip P-N to thnh dng in, khi xut hin dng IBE do lp bn dn P ti cc B rt mng v nng pha tp thp, v vy s in t t do t lp bn dn N ( cc E ) vt qua tip gip sang lp bn dn P( cc B ) ln hn s lng l trng rt nhiu, mt phn nh trong s cc in t th vo l trng to thnh dng IB cn phn ln s in t b ht v pha cc C di tc dng ca in p UCE => to thnh dng ICE chy qua Transistor. * Xt hot ng ca Transistor PNP . S hot ng ca Transistor PNP hon ton tng t Transistor NPN nhng cc tnh ca cc ngun in UCE v UBE ngc li . Dng IC i t E sang C cn dng IB i t E sang B. K hiu & hnh dng ca Transistor Ni dung : K hiu ca Transistor trn s v trn thn , Hnh dng thc t, Cch xc

nh chn ca Transistor. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. K hiu & hnh dng Transistor . K hiu ca Transistor Transistor cng xut nh Transistor cng xut ln 2. K hiu ( trn thn Transistor ) * Hin nay trn th trng c nhiu loi Transistor ca nhiu nc sn xut nhng thng dng nht l cc transistor ca Nht bn, M v Trung quc. Transistor Nht bn : thng k hiu l A..., B..., C..., D... V d A564, B733, C828, D1555 trong cc Transistor k hiu l A v B l Transistor thun PNP cn k hiu l C v D l Transistor ngc NPN. cc Transistor A v C thng c cng xut nh v tn s lm vic cao cn cc Transistor B v D thng c cng xut ln v tn s lm vic thp hn. Transistor do M sn xut. thng k hiu l 2N... v d 2N3055, 2N4073 vv... Transistor do Trung quc sn xut : Bt u bng s 3, tip theo l hai ch ci. Ch ci thc nht cho bit loi bng : Ch A v B l bng thun , ch C v D l bng ngc, ch th hai cho bit c im : X v P l bng m tn, A v G l bng cao tn. Cc ch s sau ch th t sn phm. Th d : 3CP25 , 3AP20 vv.. 3. Cch xc nh chn E, B, C ca Transistor. Vi cc loi Transistor cng xut nh th th t chn C v B tu theo bng ca nc no s xut , nhng chn E lun bn tri nu ta Transistor nh hnh di Nu l Transistor do Nht sn xut : th d Transistor C828, A564 th chn C gia , chn B bn phi. Nu l Transistor Trung quc sn xut th chn B gia , chn C bn phi. Tuy nhin mt s Transistor c sn xut nhi th khng theo th t ny => bit chnh xc ta dng phng php o bng ng h vn nng. Transistor cng xut nh. Vi loi Transistor cng xut ln (nh hnh di ) th hu ht u c chung th t chn l : Bn tri l cc B, gia l cc C v bn phi l cc E. Transistor cng xut ln thng c th t chn nh trn. * o xc nh chn B v C Vi Transistor cng xut nh th thng thng chn E bn tri nh vy ta ch xc nh chn B v suy ra chn C l chn cn li. ng h thang x1 , t c nh mt que o vo tng chn , que kia chuyn sang hai chn cn li, nu kim ln = nhau th chn c que t c nh l chn B, nu que ng h c nh l que en th l Transistor ngc, l que th l Transistor thun.. Phng php kim tra Transistor Ni dung : Trnh by phng php o kim tra Transistor xc nh h hng, Cc hnh nh minh ho qu trnh o kim tra Transistor. 1. Phng php kim tra Transistor . Transistor khi hot ng c th h hng do nhiu nguyn nhn, nh hng do nhit , m, do in p ngun tng cao hoc do cht lng ca bn thn Transistor, kim tra Transistor bn hy nh cu to ca chng. Cu to ca Transistor Kim tra Transistor ngc NPN tng t kim tra hai Diode u chung cc Ant, im chung l cc B, nu o t B sang C v B sang E ( que en vo B ) th tng ng nh o hai diode thun chiu => kim ln , tt c cc trng hp o khc kim khng ln. Kim tra Transistor thun PNP tng t kim tra hai Diode u chung cc Katt, im

chung l cc B ca Transistor, nu o t B sang C v B sang E ( que vo B ) th tng ng nh o hai diode thun chiu => kim ln , tt c cc trng hp o khc kim khng ln. Tri vi cc iu trn l Transistor b hng. Transistor c th b hng cc trng hp . * o thun chiu t B sang E hoc t B sang C => kim khng ln l transistor t BE hoc t BC * o t B sang E hoc t B sang C kim ln c hai chiu l chp hay d BE hoc BC. * o gia C v E kim ln l b chp CE. * Cc hnh nh minh ho khi o kim tra Transistor. Php o cho bit Transistor cn tt . Minh ho php o trn : Trc ht nhn vo k hiu ta bit c Transistor trn l bng ngc, v cc chn ca Transistor ln lt l ECB ( da vo tn Transistor ). < xem li phn xc nh chn Transistor > Bc 1 : Chun b o ng h thang x1 Bc 2 v bc 3 : o thun chiu BE v BC => kim ln . Bc 4 v bc 5 : o ngc chiu BE v BC => kim khng ln. Bc 6 : o gia C v E kim khng ln => Bng tt. Php o cho bit Transistor b chp BE Bc 1 : Chun b . Bc 2 : o thun gia B v E kim ln = 0 Bc 3: o ngc gia B v E kim ln = 0 => Bng chp BE Php o cho bit bng b t BE Bc 1 : Chun b . Bc 2 v 3 : o c hai chiu gia B v E kim khng ln. => Bng t BE Php o cho thy bng b chp CE Bc 1 : Chun b . Bc 2 v 4 : o c hai chiu gia C v E kim ln = 0 => Bng chp CE Trng hp o gia C v E kim ln mt cht l b d CE. Cc thng s KT, S C.Xut Ni dung : Cc thng s k thut ca Transistor, Transistor s (Digital transistor), S cng xut . 1. Cc thng s k thut ca Transistor Dng in cc i : L dng in gii hn ca transistor, vt qua dng gii hn ny Transistor s b hng. in p cc i : L in p gii hn ca transistor t vo cc CE , vt qua in p gii hn ny Transistor s b nh thng. Tn s ct : L tn s gii hn m Transistor lm vic bnh thng, vt qu tn s ny th khuych i ca Transistor b gim . H s khuych i : L t l bin i ca dng ICE ln gp bao nhiu ln dng IBE Cng xut cc i : Khi hoat ng Transistor tiu tn mt cng xut P = UCE . ICE nu cng xut ny vt qu cng xut cc i ca Transistor th Transistor s b hng . 2. Mt s Transistor c bit . * Transistor s ( Digital Transistor ) : Transistor s c cu to nh Transistor thng nhng chn B c u thm mt in tr vi chc K Transistor s thng c s dng trong cc mch cng tc , mch logic, mch iu

khin , khi hot ng ngi ta c th a trc tip p lnh 5V vo chn B iu khin n ngt m. Minh ho ng dng ca Transistor Digital * K hiu : Transistor Digital thng c cc k hiu l DTA...( dn thun ), DTC...( n ngc ) , KRC...( n ngc ) KRA...( n thun), RN12...( n ngc ), RN22...(n thun ), UN...., KSR... . Th d : DTA132 , DTC 124 vv... * Transistor cng xut dng ( cng xut ngang ) Transistor cng xut ln thng c gi l s. S dng, S ngun vv..cc s ny c thit k iu khin b cao p hoc bin p ngun xung hot ng , Chng thng c in p hot ng cao v cho dng chu ng ln. Cc s cng xut dng( Ti vi mu) thng c u thm cc diode m trong song song vi cc CE. S cng xut dng trong Ti vi mu Cp ngun v nh thin cho Transistor Ni dung : ng dng ca Transistor, Cp ngun cho Transistor, nh thin (phn cc ) cho Transistor hot ng, Mch phn cc c hi tip. -1. ng dng ca Transistor. Thc ra mt thit b khng c Transistor th cha phi l thit b in t, v vy Transistor c th xem l mt linh kin quan trng nht trong cc thit b in t, cc loi IC thc cht l cc mch tch hp nhiu Transistor trong mt linh kin duy nht, trong mch in , Transistor c dng khuych i tn hiu Analog, chuyn trng thi ca mch Digital, s dng lm cc cng tc in t, lm cc b to dao ng v v... 2. Cp in cho Transistor ( Vcc - in p cung cp ) s dng Transistor trong mch ta cn phi cp cho n mt ngun in, tu theo mc ch s dng m ngun in c cp trc tip vo Transistor hay i qua in tr, cun dy v v... ngun in Vcc cho Transistor c quy c l ngun cp cho cc CE. Cp ngun Vcc cho Transistor ngc v thun Ta thy rng : Nu Transistor l ngc NPN th Vcc phi l ngun dng (+), nu Transistor l thun PNP th Vcc l ngun m (-) 3. nh thin ( phn cc ) cho Transistor . * nh thin : l cp mt ngun in vo chn B ( qua tr nh thin) t Transistor vo trng thi sn sng hot ng, sn sng khuych i cc tn hiu cho d rt nh. * Ti sao phi nh thin cho Transistor n mi sn sng hot ng ? : hiu c iu ny ta hy xt hai s trn : trn l hai mch s dng transistor khuych i tn hiu, mt mch chn B khng c nh thin v mt mch chn B c nh thin thng qua Rt. Cc ngun tn hiu a vo khuych i thng c bin rt nh ( t 0,05V n 0,5V ) khi a vo chn B( n cha c nh thin) cc tn hiu ny khng to ra dng IBE ( c im mi P-N pha c 0,6V mi c dng chy qua ) => v vy cng khng c dng ICE => st p trn Rg = 0V v in p ra chn C = Vcc s th 2 , Transistor c Rt nh thin => c dng IBE, khi a tn hiu nh vo chn B => lm cho dng IBE tng hoc gim => dng ICE cng tng hoc gim , st p trn Rg cng thay i => v kt qu u ra ta thu c mt tn hiu tng t u vo nhng c bin ln hn. => Kt lun : nh thin ( hay phn cc) ngha l to mt dng in IBE ban u, mt st p trn Rg ban u khi c mt ngun tn hiu yu i vo cc B , dng IBE s tng hoc gim => dng ICE cng tng hoc gim => dn n st p trn Rg cng tng hoc gim => v st p ny chnh l tn hiu ta cn ly ra 3. Mt s mach nh thin khc . * Mch nh thin dng hai ngun in khc nhau . Mch nh thin dng hai ngun in khc nhau * Mach nh thin c in tr phn p

 c th khuch i c nhiu ngun tn hiu mnh yu khc nhau, th mch nh thin thng s dng thm in tr phn p Rpa u t B xung Mass. Mch nh thin c in tr phn p Rpa * Mch nh thin c hi tip . L mch c in tr nh thin u t u ra (cc C ) n u vo ( cc B) mch ny c tc dng tng n nh cho mch khuych i khi hot ng. Trong ch tuyn tnh hay cn gi l ch khuych i, Transitor l phn t khuych i dng in vi dng Ic bng ln dng bazo (dng iu khin ) Trong l h s khuych i dng in .Ic = IB * : Xt c tnh ng ct: Ca PNP Ch ng ct ca Transitor ph thuc ch yu vo cc t k sinh gia tip gip BE v BC.

+ : Qu trnh m: cho transitor m c th bt u t gi tr -Ub2 n Ub1 cn n th no cc bn xem nhng cun gio trnh v in t + Qu trnh ng : cho transitor ng th bt u t gi tr t Ub1 n -Ub2. Ci ny cc bn cng tham kho thm sch. * S mc Darlington Ni chng cc BJT c h s khuych i tng i thp m yu cu dng iu khin ln nn s mc Darlington l mt yu cu t ra vi cc ghp 2 transitor Q1 v Q2 c h s khuych i l 1 2. Khi mc thnh Darling ton th h s khuych i tng l = 1 + 2 + 12 Mt khc tng h

s khuych i ln ta c th mc t 3 transotor

S mc Darlington:

* : Xt nguyn l hot ng ca PNP

(Hnh nh trn l hnh nh tham kho ) Mch kho st v nguyn tc hot ng ca transistor NPN

Ta cp mt ngun mt chiu UCE vo hai cc C v E trong (+) ngun vo cc C v (-) ngun vo cc E. Cp ngun mt chiu UBE i qua cng tc v tr hn dng vo hai cc B v E , trong cc (+) vo chn B, cc (-) vo chn E. Khi cng tc m , ta thy rng, mc d hai cc C v E c cp in nhng vn khng c dng in chy qua mi C E ( lc ny dng IC = 0 ) Khi cng tc ng, mi P-N c phn cc thun do c mt dng in chy t (+) ngun UBE qua cng tc => qua R hn dng => qua mi BE v cc (-) to thnh dng IB Ngay khi dng IB xut hin => lp tc cng c dng IC chy qua mi CE lm bng n pht sng, v dng IC mnh gp nhiu ln dng IB Nh vy r rng dng IC hon ton ph thuc vo dng IB v ph thuc theo mt cng thc . IC = .IB Trong IC l dng chy qua mi CE IB l dng chy qua mi BE l h s khuych i ca Transistor Gii thch : Khi c in p UCE nhng cc in t v l trng khng th vt qua mi tip gip P-N to thnh dng in, khi xut hin dng IBE do lp bn dn P ti cc B rt mng v nng pha tp thp, v vy s in t t do t lp bn dn N ( cc E ) vt qua tip gip sang lp bn dn P( cc B ) ln hn s lng l trng rt nhiu, mt phn nh trong s cc in t th vo l trng to thnh dng IB cn phn ln s in t b ht v pha cc C di tc dng ca in p UCE => to thnh dng ICE chy qua Transistor. S hot ng ca Transistor PNP hon ton tng t Transistor NPN nhng cc tnh ca cc ngun in UCE v UBE ngc li . Dng IC i t E sang C cn dng IB i t E sang B. Ch : Transitor l linh kin ng m bng dng in ch khng bng in p. Linh kin bn dn - DIODE Khi nim v cu to ca Diode

Linh kin bn dn - DIODE Khi nim v cu to ca Diode 1 : Khi nim it bn dn l cc linh kin in t th ng v phi tuyn, cho php dng in i qua n theo mt chiu m khng theo chiu ngc li, s dng cc tnh cht ca cc cht bn dn 2 : Tip gip P - N v Cu to ca Diode bn dn. Khi c c hai cht bn dn l P v N , nu ghp hai cht bn dn theo mt tip gip P - N ta c mt Diode, tip gip P -N c c im : Ti b mt tip xc, cc in t d tha trong bn dn N khuych tn sang vng bn dn P lp vo cc l trng => to thnh mt lp Ion trung ho v in => lp Ion ny to thnh min cch in gia hai cht bn dn. Mi tip xc P - N => Cu to ca Diode . * hnh trn l mi tip xc P - N v cng chnh l cu to ca Diode bndn. K hiu v hnh dng ca Diode bn dn. Ch mi mi xong ch ny (c s tham kho ti liu) Hot ng v phn cc cho Diode 1 : Hot ng Khi bn dn loi P cha nhiu l trng t do mang in tch dng nn khi ghp vi khi bn dn N (cha cc in t t do) th cc l trng ny c xu hng chuyn ng khuch tn sang khi N. Cng lc khi P li nhn thm cc in t (in tch m) t khi N chuyn sang. Kt qu l khi P tch in m (thiu ht l trng v d tha in t) trong khi khi N tch in dng (thiu ht in t v d tha l trng). bin gii hai bn mt tip gip, mt s in t b l trng thu ht v khi chng tin li gn nhau, chng c xu hng kt hp vi nhau to thnh cc nguyn t trung ha. Qu trnh ny c th gii phng nng lng di dng nh sng (hay cc bc x in t c bc sng gn ). in p tip xc hnh thnh. S tch in m bn khi P v dng bn khi N hnh thnh mt in p gi l in p tip xc (UTX). in trng sinh ra bi in p c hng t khi n n khi p nn cn tr chuyn ng khuch tn v nh vy sau mt thi gian k t lc ghp 2 khi bn dn vi nhau th qu trnh chuyn ng khuch tn chm dt v tn ti in p tip xc. Lc ny ta ni tip xc P-N trng thi cn bng. in p tip xc trng thi cn bng khong 0.6V i vi it lm bng bn dn Si v khong 0.3V i vi it lm bng bn dn Ge.

ip p ngoi ngc chiu in p tip xc to ra dng in. Hai bn mt tip gip l vng cc in t v l trng d gp nhau nht nn qu trnh ti hp thng xy ra vng ny hnh thnh cc nguyn t trung ha. V vy vng bin gii hai bn mt tip gip rt him cc ht dn in t do nn c gi l vng ngho. Vng ny khng dn in tt, tr phi in p tip xc c cn bng bi in p bn ngoi. y l ct li hot ng ca it. ip p ngoi cng chiu in p tip xc ngn dng in. Nu t in p bn ngoi ngc vi in p tip xc, s khuych tn ca cc in t v l trng khng b ngn tr bi in p tip xc na v vng tip gip dn in tt. Nu t in p bn ngoi cng chiu vi in p tip xc, s khuych tn ca cc in t v l trng cng b ngn li v vng ngho cng tr nn ngho ht dn in t do. Ni cch khc it ch cho php dng in qua n khi t in p theo mt hng nht nh. 2 : Phn cc cho Diode * Phn cc thun: Khi ta cp in p dng (+) vo Ant ( vng bn dn P ) v in p m (-) vo Katt ( vng bn dn N ) , khi di tc dng tng tc ca in p, min cch in thu hp li, khi in p chnh lch gi hai cc t 0,6V ( vi Diode loi Si ) hoc 0,2V ( vi Diode loi Ge ) th din tch min cch in gim bng khng => Diode bt u dn in. Nu tip tc tng in p ngun th dng qua Diode tng nhanh nhng chnh lch in p gia hai cc ca Diode khng tng (vn gi mc 0,6V ) nh tham kho Diode (Si) phn cc thun - Khi Dode dn in p thun c gim mc 0,6V Ci ng c tnh ca n l th UI vi u l trc tung v i l trc honh. Gi tr in p t n 0.6V th bo ha (cc pc thng cm ch ny v xu qu cc pc c hiu nha) Khi Diode (loi Si) c phn cc thun, nu in p phn cc thun < 0,6V th cha c dng i qua Diode, Nu p phn cc thun t = 0,6V th c dng i qua Diode sau dng in qua Diode tng nhanh nhng st p thun vn gi gi tr 0,6V . * Phn cc ngc Khi phn cc ngc cho Diode tc l cp ngun (+) vo Katt (bn dn N), ngun (-) vo Ant (bn dn P), di s tng tc ca in p ngc, min cch in cng rng ra v ngn cn dng in i qua mi tip gip, Diode c th chiu c in p ngc rt ln khong 1000V th diode mi b nh thng. Diode ch b chy khi p phn cc ngc tng > = 1000V Ch xong phn nh ny ri! Cn di qu! Phn loi v kim tra Diode 1 : Phn loi t in Diode Tm hiu cu to v cng dng ca cc loi Diode : Diode n p, Diode thu quang, Diode pht quang, Diode bin dung, Diode xung, Diode tch sng, Diode nn in * : Diode Zener * Cu to : Diode Zener c cu to tng t Diode thng nhng c hai lp bn dn P - N ghp vi nhau, Diode Zener c ng dng trong ch phn cc ngc, khi phn cc thun Diode

zener nh diode thng nhng khi phn cc ngc Diode zener s gim li mt mc in p c nh bng gi tr ghi trn diode. Th nghim hot ng ca Zenner K hiu v ng dng ca Diode zener trong mch. S trn minh ho ng dng ca Dz, ngun U1 l ngun c in p thay i, Dz l diode n p, R1 l tr hn dng. Ta thy rng khi ngun U1 > Dz th p trn Dz lun lun c nh cho d ngun U1 thay i. Khi ngun U1 thay i th dng ngc qua Dz thay i, dng ngc qua Dz c gi tr gii hn khong 30mA. Thng thng ngi ta s dng ngun U1 > 1,5 => 2 ln Dz v lp tr hn dng R1 sao cho dng ngc ln nht qua Dz < 30mA. Nu U1 < Dz th khi U1 thay i p trn Dz cng thay i Nu U1 > Dz th khi U1 thay i => p trn Dz khng i. * Diode thu quang Diode thu quang hot ng ch phn cc nghch, v diode c mt ming thu tinh nh sng chiu vo mi P - N , dng in ngc qua diode t l thun vi cng nh sng chiu vo diode. K hiu * : Diode pht quang Diode pht phang l Diode pht ra nh sng khi c phn cc thun, in p lm vic ca LED khong 1,7 => 2,2V dng qua Led khong t 5mA n 20mA Led c s dng lm n bo ngun, n nhy trang tr, bo trng thi c in . vv... Pc ny chc cc pc nhn ngoi thc t ri nh! haaaaaaaaaaaa *. Diode Varicap ( Diode bin dung ) Diode bin dung l Diode c in dung nh t in, v in dung bin i khi ta thay i in p ngc t vo Diode. ng dng ca Diode bin dung Varicap ( VD ) trong mch cng hng hnh trn khi ta chnh trit p VR, in p ngc t vo Diode Varicap thay i , in dung ca diode thay i => lm thay i tn s cng hng ca mch. Diode bin dung c s dng trong cc b knh Ti vi mu, trong cc mch iu chnh tn s cng hng bng in p. *. Diode xung Trong cc b ngun xung th u ra ca bin p xung , ta phi dng Diode xung chnh lu. diode xung l diode lm vic tn s cao khong vi chc KHz , diode nn in thng thng khng th thay th vo v tr diode xung c, nhng ngc li diode xung c th thay th cho v tr diode thng, diode xung c gi thnh cao hn diode thng nhiu ln. V c im , hnh dng th Diode xung khng c g khc bit vi Diode thng, tuy nhin Diode xung thng c vng dnh du t nt hoc nh du bng hai vng K hiu

*. Diode tch sng. L loi Diode nh v bng thu tinh v cn gi l diode tip im v mt tip xc gia hai cht bn dn P - N ti mt im trnh in dung k sinh, diode tch sng thng dng trong cc mch cao tn dng tch sng tn hiu. Diode nn in. L Diode tip mt dng nn in trong cc b chnh lu ngun AC 50Hz , Diode ny thng c 3 loi l 1A, 2A v 5A. 2 : Cch kim tra o kim tra Diode t ng h thang x 1 , t hai que o vo hai u Diode, nu : o chiu thun que en vo Ant, que vo Katt => kim ln, o chiu o kim khng ln l => Diode tt Nu o c hai chiu kim ln = 0 => l Diode b chp. Nu o thun chiu m kim khng ln => l Diode b t. php o trn th Diode D1 tt , Diode D2 b chp v D3 b t Nu thang 1K m o ngc vo Diode kim vn ln mt cht l Diode b d. Kim tra Diode tht l n gin ng ko! c tnh Vol-Amp - Tnh cht - ng dng 1 : Tnh cht it ch dn in theo mt chiu t a-nt sang ca-tt. Theo nguyn l dng in chy t ni c in th cao n ni c in th thp, mun c dng in qua it theo chiu t ni c in th cao n ni c in th thp, cn phi t a-nt mt in th cao hn ca-tt. Khi ta c UAK > 0 v ngc chiu vi in p tip xc (UTX). Nh vy mun c dng in qua it th in trng do UAK sinh ra phi mnh hn in trng tip xc, tc l: UAK >UTX. Khi mt phn ca in p UAK dng cn bng vi in p tip xc (khong 0.6V), phn cn li dng to dng in thun qua it. Khi UAK > 0, ta ni it phn cc thun v dng in qua it lc gi l dng in thun (thng c k hiu l IF tc IFORWARD hoc ID tc IDIODE). Dng in thun c chiu t a-nt sang ca-tt. Khi UAK cn bng vi in p tip xc th it tr nn dn in rt tt, tc l in tr ca it lc rt thp (khong vi chc Ohm). Do vy phn in p to ra dng in thun thng nh hn nhiu so vi phn in p dng cn bng vi UTX. Thng thng phn in p dng cn bng vi UTX cn khong 0.6V v phn in p to dng thun khong 0.1V n 0.5V ty theo dng thun vi chc mA hay ln n vi Ampere. Nh vy gi tr ca UAK c dng qua it khong 0.6V n 1.1V. Ngng 0.6V l ngng it bt u dn v khi UAK = 0.7V th dng qua Diode khong vi chc mA. Nu Diode cn tt th n khng dn in theo chiu ngc ca-tt sang a-nt. Thc t l vn tn ti dng ngc nu it b phn cc ngc vi hiu in th ln. Tuy nhin dng in ngc rt nh (c A) v thng khng cn quan tm trong cc ng dng cng nghip. Mi it chnh lu u khng dn in theo chiu ngc nhng nu in p ngc qu ln (VBR l ngng chu ng ca Diode) th it b nh thng, dng in qua it tng nhanh v t chy it. V vy khi s dng cn tun th hai iu kin sau y:

* Dng in thun qua it khng c ln hn gi tr ti a cho php (do nh sn xut cung cp, c th tra cu trong cc ti liu ca hng sn xut xc nh). * in p phn cc ngc (tc UKA) khng c ln hn VBR (ngng nh thng ca it, cng do nh sn xut cung cp). V d it 1N4007 c thng s k thut do hng sn xut cung cp nh sau: VBR=1000V, IFMAX = 1A, VF = 1.1V khi IF = IFMAX. Nhng thng s trn cho bit: * Dng in thun qua it khng c ln hn 1A. * in p ngc cc i t ln it khng c ln hn 1000V. * in p thun (tc UAK)c th tng n 1.1V nu dng in thun bng 1A. Cng cn lu rng i vi cc it chnh lu ni chung th khi UAK = 0.6V th it bt u dn in v khi UAK = 0.7V th dng qua it t n vi chc mA. 2 : c tnh Vol - Amp c tnh Volt-Ampere ca Diode l th m t quan h gia dng in qua it theo in p UAK t vo n. C th chia c tuyn ny thnh hai giai on: * Giai on ng vi UAK = 0.7V > 0 m t quan h dng p khi it phn cc thun. * Giai on ng vi UAK = 0.7V< 0 m t quan h dng p khi it phn cc nghch. (UAK ly gi tr 0,7V ch ng vi cc it Si, vi it Ge thng s ny khc) Khi it c phn cc thun v dn in th dng in ch yu ph thuc vo in tr ca mch ngoi (c mc ni tip vi it). Dng in ph thuc rt t vo in tr thun ca it v in tr thun rt nh, thng khng ng k so vi in tr ca mch in. + 3 : Nhng thng s ng lu ca Diode *: Gi tr trung bnh dng in cho php chy qua diode khi phn cc thun * Gi tr in p ngc ln nht khi t vo diode chu c 4 : ng dng V it c c tnh ch dn in theo mt chiu t a-nt n ca-tt khi phn cc thun nn it c dng chnh lu dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu. Ngoi ra it c ni tr thay i rt ln, nu phn cc thun RD 0 (ni tt), phn cc nghch RD (h mch), nn it c dng lm cc cng tc in t, ng ngt bng iu khin mc in p, c ng dng rng ri trong k thut in v in t. -Ti Sao Li Mc Song Song it Bn Dn Vi Cun Dy Ca R Le in T Lm G? Diode mc song song vi cun dy cua relay R200 trong mach iu khin ATS? , diode nay chn dong in t t ngc v ngun i qua cun dy cua R200. Nu bn dng in DC th Diode c tc dng ng nh nh trn. Vi mt cun dy, khi bn cp cho n mt in p th qu trnh bo ha t s xy ra. Nu bn ch n biu l t s thy rng bn thn cun dy s to mt dng in ngc chiu vi dng in cp t ngun. Dng in ny s lm tng dng cp t ngun DC n cun dy (v nng lng cn phi tng qu trnh bo ha t din ra nhanh). Chnh s tng dng in cp khng mong mun ny c th lm chy b ngun DC ca bn. V th trnh hin tng ny, ngi ta mc mt Diode ngc song

song vi cun dy ca bn dng in ngc t cun dy c th x qua diode, nh s khng b chy ngun DC.