TP ON VIN THNG QUN I

TRUNG TM O TO VIETTEL

TI LIU
TNG QUAN VIN THNG VIETTEL
(Dnh cho Nhn vin K thut sau tuyn dng)
LU HNH NI B

H NI, THNG 01 NM 2011

TP ON VIN THNG QUN I

TRUNG TM O TO VIETTEL

PH DUYT
Ngy...thng.. .nm 2011
TNG GIM C

TI LIU
TNG QUAN VIN THNG VIETTEL
(Dnh cho Nhn vin K thut sau tuyn dng)
LU HNH NI B

BIN SON
TRUNG TM O TO VIETTEL

THM NH
PHNG K THUT - TP ON

H NI, THNG 01 NM 2011

MC LC
LI NI U .................................................................................................................... 1
CHNG I. THUT NG V T VIT TT............................................................ 2
I. Mt s t vit tt .................................................................................................................. 26
II. Thut ng................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. Thut ng trong mng di ng .........................................................................................................2

1.1. Thut ng chung trong mng di ng 2G v 3G .................................................................................... 2
1.1.1. Thu bao attach ............................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.2. Thu bao registered ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.3. BHCA (Busy hour call attempt) ...................................................................................................... 2
1.1.4. MHT (Mean Holding Time)............................................................................................................ 2
1.1.5. Erlang (Erl)...................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.6. Gi peak (gi cao im) .................................................................................................................. 2
1.1.7. GoS (Grade of Service - cp dch v)......................................................................................... 2
1.2. Thut ng trong V tuyn di ng 2G .................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1. Nhm thut ng chung .................................................................................................................... 3

1.2.1.1. TRX (TRE) ................................................................................................................................................ 3

1.2.1.2. TCH (Traffic Channel - knh lu lng) .................................................................................................. 3
1.2.1.3. cao anten ............................................................................................................................................ 3
1.2.1.4. Gc tilt ca anten ..................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1.5. Gc azimuth ca anten ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.2.1.6. Vng lm .................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2.1.7. TF Thi lng gin on thng tin di ng mng v tuyn di ng ...................................................... 4
1.2.1.8. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio - t s sng ng in p)............................................................. 4

1.2.2. Nhm thut ng lin quan n cht lng mng v tuyn 2G ....................................................... 4

1.2.2.1. SDCCH Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel ................................................................................. 5

1.2.2.2. TU (Traffic Utilisation - hiu sut s dng ti nguyn)........................................................................... 4
1.2.2.3. CSSR (Call Setup Success Rate - t l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng)...................................................... 5
1.2.2.4. CDR (Call Drop Rate - t l rt cuc gi)................................................................................................ 5
1.2.2.5. SDR (SDCCH Drop Rate - t l rt SDCCH)........................................................................................... 5
1.2.2.6. SCR (SDCCH Congestion Rate - t l nghn SDCCH) ............................................................................ 5
1.2.2.7. TCR (TCH Congestion Rate - t l nghn TCH)....................................................................................... 5
1.2.2.8. CSR (Call Success Rate - t l cuc gi thnh cng)................................................................................ 5
1.2.2.9. RASR (Random Access Success Rate - t l truy nhp ngu nhin thnh cng)....................................... 5
1.2.2.10. HOSR (Handover Success Rate - t l thnh cng chuyn giao) ............................................................ 5
1.2.2.11. Cng tn hiu (Rxlev)....................................................................................................................... 5

1.3. Thut ng trong V tuyn di ng 3G .................................................................................................... 5

1.3.1. Nhm thut ng chung .................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.1.1. Voice Traffic (Lu lng thoi)................................................................................................................ 5

1.3.1.2. VC Traffic (lu lng Video Call)............................................................................................................ 6
1.3.1.3. PS Traffic (lu lng data) ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.1.4. DL Load (Tng t TU trong 2G)............................................................................................................ 6
1.3.1.5. HSDPA Throughput (High Speed Downlink Packet Access Throughput) ................................................ 6
1.3.1.6. HSUPA Throughput (High Speed Uplink Packet Access Throughput)..................................................... 6

1.3.2. Nhm thut ng lin quan n cht lng mng v tuyn 3G ........................................................ 6

1.3.2.1. P1SR (tng t PSR trong 2G)................................................................................................................. 6

1.3.2.2. RAB CR (tng t TCR trong 2G)............................................................................................................ 6
1.3.2.3. CSSR (tng t CSSR trong 2G) .............................................................................................................. 7
1.3.2.4. CS CDR (t l rt cuc gi trn knh CS (thoi) - tng t CDR trong 2G)............................................ 7
1.3.2.5. PS CDR (t l rt cuc gi trn knh PS (data) ....................................................................................... 7
1.3.2.6. SHOSR (Soft Handover Success Rate - t l thnh cng chuyn giao mm) ............................................ 7
1.3.2.8. CS InRAT HOSR (tng t CS InRAT HOSR trong 2G) .......................................................................... 7
1.3.2.9. PS InRAT HOSR (tng t PS InRAT HOSR trong 2G)........................................................................... 8

2. Thut ng mng ADSL ....................................................................................................................8

2.1. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subcriber Line - ng thu bao s bt i xng)..................................... 8
2.2. DSLAM (Digital Subcriber Line Access Multiplexer) ........................................................................... 8

2.3. Site Router............................................................................................................................................... 8

2.4. BRAS (Broadband Access Sever - server truy nhp bng rng) ............................................................. 8
2.5. Switch layer 2 & Switch layer 3.............................................................................................................. 9
2.6. Thi lng gin on thng tin mng A/P (TF)...................................................................................... 9
2.7. S c ng dy thu bao ....................................................................................................................... 9
2.8. Thi gian thit lp dch v....................................................................................................................... 9
2.9. T l hon thnh sa cha li.................................................................................................................. 9
2.10. FTTx Fiber To The x.......................................................................................................................... 9
2.11. Office WAN .......................................................................................................................................... 9
2.12. Leasedline Internet, leasedline knh trng ............................................................................................ 9

3. Thut ng mng truyn dn ............................................................................................................10

3.1. SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy - phn cp s ng b).............................................................. 10
3.2. DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing - ghp knh theo bc sng mt cao) ............ 10
3.3. Lung E1. .............................................................................................................................................. 10
3.4. Lung STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1)...................................................................... 10
3.5. Lung STM-n (n = 4, 16, 64) ................................................................................................................ 10
3.6. Thi lng gin on thng tin (T F) ..................................................................................................... 10
3.7. Thi gian x l s c............................................................................................................................. 10
3.8. Vu hi mng truyn dn ........................................................................................................................ 11
3.9. Nhy lung (NL) ................................................................................................................................... 11

4. Cc n v o lng trong vin thng ............................................................................................11

4.1. dB Decibel.......................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2. dBi Decibel (isotropic) ....................................................................................................................... 11
4.3. bps bit per second (bit/s) .................................................................................................................... 11

CHNG II. TNG QUAN VIN THNG VIETTEL ............................................ 12

I. Mng di ng Viettel ........................................................................................................... 12

1. S cu trc mng di ng Viettel ..............................................................................................12

2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn trong mng di ng Viettel ...........................................................13
2.1. Lp ngi dng ..................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2. Lp truy nhp ........................................................................................................................................ 14
2.2.1. BTS (mng 2G) ............................................................................................................................. 14
2.2.2. BSC ............................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.3. NodeB (mng 3G) ......................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.4. RNC .............................................................................................................................................. 14
2.3. Lp li ................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.1. MSC (MGW + MSC Server)........................................................................................................ 15
2.3.2. SGSN............................................................................................................................................. 15
2.3.3. GGSN............................................................................................................................................ 15
2.3.4. GMSC ........................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.5. HLR/AuC ..................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.6. STP (Signaling Tranfer Point im trung chuyn bo hiu)...................................................... 16
2.4. Lp ng dng ........................................................................................................................................ 16

IV. Mng truyn dn Viettel................................................................................................... 16

1. S cu trc mng truyn dn ca Viettel ...................................................................................16

2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn trong mng truyn dn. .................................................................18
2.1. Lp trc quc gia .................................................................................................................................. 18
2.2. Lp li (lp lin tnh). ........................................................................................................................... 18
2.3. Lp hi t (lp ni tnh) ........................................................................................................................ 18
2.4. Lp access ............................................................................................................................................. 19

III. Mng Viettel Internet ....................................................................................................... 19

1. S cu trc mng Viettel Internet ..............................................................................................19

2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn trong mng Internet.......................................................................21

II. Mng Viettel PSTN ............................................................................................................ 22

1. S cu trc mng Viettel PSTN.................................................................................................22

2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn trong mng PSTN .........................................................................23

IV. S kt ni tng th mng vin thng Viettel theo cu trc phn lp ...................... 23

1. S kt ni...................................................................................................................................23
2. Mt s lung lu lng ..................................................................................................................25
2.1. Di ng Viettel C nh Viettel........................................................................................................ 25
2.2. Di ng Viettel Homephone Viettel ................................................................................................. 25
2.3. Di ng Viettel Di ng mng khc................................................................................................. 25
2.4. Di ng Viettel C nh mng khc ................................................................................................. 25
2.5. C nh Viettel C nh mng khc ................................................................................................. 25
2.6. T thu bao di ng 3G truy nhp internet ........................................................................................... 25

LI NI U

Viettel l mt Tp on Vin thng c sc pht trin mnh m sau 10 nm qua ti

Vit Nam. Ly vin thng lm mt trong bn mi nhn pht trin, Viettel khng cn l
thng hiu trong nc m vn mnh ra th gii vi vic u t vin thng ti mt
s nc, hi nhp cng xu hng pht trin ca th gii, hc hi nhng khoa hc cng
ngh tin tin, sng to nhng th ca ring mnh
C th ni, mt doanh nghip pht trin bn vng, ngy cng tin xa hn th
khng nhng cn mt chin lc kinh doanh ng n m cn cn mt i ng cn b
cng nhn vin cht lng cao. Nhm m bo ngun ti liu o to cho nhng i
tng sau tuyn dng c hc cc chuyn ngnh k thut, ban K thut ca phng
Bin son ti liu Trung tm o to ti bn li cun ti liu Tng quan Vin thng
Viettel. Ti liu ny nhm cung cp cho ngi c mt ci nhn tng qut v cc mng,
s nguyn l u ni gip ch trong bc u lm quen vi mng Viettel
Ni dung ti liu gm 2 phn chnh:
Chng 1: Gii thiu v cc thut ng thng dng trong mng vin thng
ca Viettel.
Chng 2: Gii thiu n ngi c cc mng dch v m Viettel ang c.
Trong chng ny cng gii thiu tng quan mng vin thng Viettel qua
s kt ni logic.
Trong qu trnh bin son li ti liu, chc chn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st,
Ban K thut rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca cc ng ch Lnh o cc
cp cng nh nhng ng nghip ti liu ngy cng hon thin v y hn.

Mi kin ng gp xin gi v:
Trung tm o to Viettel
M1 An Khnh Hoi c H Ni
Tell: 04.62650.329 Mobile: 0988.888.319
Fax: 04.62650.174
MR: Nguyn Ty Khoa
Mobile: 0977568648 - 086549179
Mail: khoant4@viettel.com.vn
1

CHNG I. THUT NG THNG DNG

Phn thut ng thng dng l nhng thut ng c bn c s dng thng
xuyn v thng nht cch hiu trong mng vin thng Viettel. Ti liu ny gii thch cc
thut ng mt cch n gin v d hiu cho ngi c.

I. Thut ng thng dng trong mng di ng.

1.1. Thut ng chung trong mng di ng 2G v 3G
1.1.1. Thu bao attach
L thu bao ang bt my m h thng tng i ang qun l.
1.1.2. Thu bao registered
L thu bao attach hoc thu bao attach va tt my cha qu 24h.
1.1.3. BHCA (Busy hour call attempt)
L s lng cuc gi (thnh cng v khng thnh cng) c thc hin trong gi
peak trong ngy. BHCA ngy bnh thng khong 1.2.
1.1.4. MHT (Mean Holding Time)
L thi gian tnh t lc thu bao nhc my ti khi gc my. MHT ngy bnh
thng khong 50s.
1.1.5. Erlang (Erl)
L n v o ca lu lng (Traffic), c tnh nh sau:

nt
T

Trong : - A l lu lng o bng Erl.

- n l s cuc gi.
- t l di trung bnh ca mi cuc gi.
- T l thi gian o (thng T=1gi = 3600s).
V d: Trong 1 gi, 1 thu bao trung bnh gi 1,2 cuc, mi cuc gi di 60s, th
Erl ca thu bao l: A = 1,2*60/3600 0.020Erl = 20 (mErl).
T Erl ta c th bit c s pht gi:
s pht gi = lu lng (Erl )*60 (pht)
V d: 1cell trong 1 gi c lu lng l 16,63 Erl th trong 1 gi cell phc v
c 16,63*60 = 997,8 (pht gi)
Vy nu bit c lu lng ca cell trong 1 gi (V d: 16,63 Erl) v Erl trung
bnh ca 1 thu bao trong gi (V d: 0,020 Erl) th ta c th tnh c s thu bao
ang thuc cell = 16,63/0,020 = 831 thu bao trong 1 gi
1.1.6. Gi peak (gi cao im)
L gi m lu lng mng ln nht (thng l khong thi gian nhiu thu bao gi
nht. Trong mt ngy, thi gian cao im l khong t 19h n 20h).
1.1.7. GoS (Grade of Service - cp dch v)
L t l nghn cuc gi cho php trn mng.
2

V d: GoS = 2% tc l nu c 100 cuc gi th cho php nghn 2 cuc gi.

1.2. Thut ng trong V tuyn di ng 2G
1.2.1. Nhm thut ng chung
1.2.1.1. TRX (TRE)
L b thu pht trm gc BTS. Mi TRX bao gm 8 khe thi gian (TS-Time Slot).
Thng thng, trong 8 khe thi gian s c 1 khe dnh cho bo hiu v 7 khe dnh cho lu
lng.
1.2.1.2. TCH (Traffic Channel - knh lu lng)
Khi c cuc gi ca khch hng th cuc gi s c mang trn knh ny. Knh
lu lng c th c s dng 2 ch nh sau:
Knh ton tc (FR Full Rate): Ch 1 thu bao trn 1 TCH ti mt thi im.
Knh bn tc (HR Half Rate): C 2 thu bao trn 1 TCH trn mt thi im.
1.2.1.3. cao anten
L cao thng ng tnh t y ca anten n mt t.
1.2.1.4. Gc tilt ca anten
L gc cp ngng ca anten. Thng thng ngi ta hay nhc n 3 loi gc tilt:
Gc tilt c: L gc cp/ngng ca anten to bi mt phng anten v phng thng
ng. Gc tilt c c th iu chnh c bng cch iu chnh g anten.
Gc tilt in: L gc cp/ngng ca h thng chn t bn trong anten v b mt
ngoi anten. C loi anten cho php iu chnh gc tilt in v cng c loi khng
cho php iu chnh (V d: Ni anten c gc tilt in bng 60 th c th coi anten
nghing sn 60).
Gc tilt tng = gc tilt c + gc tilt in

Hnh 1.1 - Hnh nh minh ha gc tilt ca anten

1.2.1.5. Gc azimuth ca anten
L gc ca anten so vi phng bc theo chiu thun kim h (hay cn gi l
gc phng v). Thng thng cell A ca mt trm l cell gn phng bc nht theo
chiu kim ng h.
3

Hnh 1.2 - Hnh minh ha gc azimuth ca anten

1.2.1.6. Vng lm
L vng/khu vc/on ng khng c sng hoc sng rt yu:
Vi khu vc thnh ph ng bng, mc thu < -90 dBm.
Vi khu vc min ni, mc thu < - 95 dBm
Hoc s vch sng trn in thoi cn < 2/3 tng s vch sng.
1.2.1.7. TF Thi lng gin on thng tin di ng mng v tuyn di ng
L thi gian trm BTS/NodeB b gin on dch v trong ngy
n v tnh: BTS*h (2G), NodeB*h (3G).
Phng php xc nh: Thng k ton b s c trong vng 24h.
Ch tiu: Ton mng < 40 BTS*h
1.2.1.8. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio - t s sng ng in p)
L gi tr o s nh hng ca vic khng phi hp gia tr khng u cui ca
ng ten v tr khng c trng ca ng truyn dn. VSWR l mt cch tt m t nh
hng ca tr khng u cui v bng thng ca ng ten. N xut hin khi tr khng
khng tng thch gia cc phn t trong h thng RF. VSWR c gy ra bi tn hiu
RF b phn x ti im tr khng khng tng thch trn ng truyn tn hiu v li pha
pht.
1.2.2. Nhm thut ng lin quan n cht lng mng v tuyn 2G
1.2.2.1. TU (Traffic Utilisation - hiu sut s dng ti nguyn)
TU c s dng nh gi hiu sut s dng ti nguyn mng v nh gi
nghn ca cc Cell. Hiu sut s dng ti nguyn v tuyn (cell, BTS/NodeB, cc KV,
ton mng) c tnh theo cng thc sau:
TU = (Lu lng thc t gi cao im/Lu lng c kh nng h tr)*100
Trong :
Lu lng thc t gi cao im: c ly t s liu thng k hng ngy.
Lu lng c kh nng h tr c tra t bng Erlang B ng vi s TCH
ton tc v cp dch v (GoS) l 2%.
4

1.2.2.2. SDCCH Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel

y l mt knh bo hiu quan trng, c s dng trong cc trng hp sau:
Khi khch hng gi/nhn tin nhn, tin nhn s c mang trn knh ny.
Khi my ca khch hng t ng thng bo v tr cho mng bit v tr ca mnh
(automatic location update)
Khi khch hng thc hin cuc gi, knh ny s c s dng cho vic trao i, thng
bo qua li gia mng v my ca khch hng, trc khi khch hng c cp 1 knh
lu lng TCH.
1.2.2.3. CSSR (Call Setup Success Rate - t l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng)
CSSR(%) = (tng s cuc gi c thit lp thnh cng/ tng s ln thit lp cuc
gi)*100%
1.2.2.4. CDR (Call Drop Rate - t l rt cuc gi)
CDR(%) = (tng s cuc gi b rt/ tng s cuc gi c thit lp)*100%
1.2.2.5. SDR (SDCCH Drop Rate - t l rt SDCCH)
SDR(%) = (s knh SDCCH b rt/tng s knh SDCCH thit lp c)*100%
1.2.2.6. SCR (SDCCH Congestion Rate - t l nghn SDCCH)
SCR(%) = (tng s ln cp pht knh bo hiu khng c do ht knh/tng s ln
cp pht knh bo hiu)*100%
1.2.2.7. TCR (TCH Congestion Rate - t l nghn TCH)
SCR(%) = (tng s ln cp pht knh TCH khng c do ht knh/tng s ln
cp pht knh TCH)*100%
1.2.2.8. CSR (Call Success Rate - t l cuc gi thnh cng)
CSR = (1 CDR)*CSSR
1.2.2.9. RASR (Random Access Success Rate - t l truy nhp ngu nhin thnh cng)
RASR(%) = (tng s ln truy nhp ngu nhin thnh cng/tng s ln truy nhp
ngu nhin)*100%
1.2.2.10. HOSR (Handover Success Rate - t l thnh cng chuyn giao)
HOSR(%) = (tng s cuc chuyn giao thnh cng/tng s cuc chuyn giao thc
hin)*100%
1.2.2.11. Cng tn hiu (Rxlev)
L n v o cho bit sng kho hay yu (V d: Cuc gi nghe r hay chp chn):
ng xung: im o l ti my ca khch hng
ng ln: im o l ti u card thu/pht
n v l dBm hoc Ot (W), Rxlev trong khong t -110 dBm (ngha l sng rt
yu) ti -47 dBm (sng rt kho). trong nh, mc thu ti thiu phi t >= -90
dBm mi c xem nh l c sng.
1.3. Thut ng trong V tuyn di ng 3G
1.3.1. Nhm thut ng chung
1.3.1.1. Voice Traffic (Lu lng thoi)
5

 Tng t nh voice traffic trong 2G.

Phng php tnh: Thng k trn h thng.
n v tnh: Erl
1.3.1.2. VC Traffic (lu lng Video Call)
L lu lng khi thc hin cuc gi thy hnh mng 3G truyn trn knh CS
Phng php tnh: Thng k trn h thng
n v tnh: Erl
1.3.1.3. PS Traffic (lu lng data)
L lu lng d liu data (d liu) lp RLC c ng ln v ng xung trong
3G.
Phng php tnh: Thng k trn h thng.
n v tnh: MB
1.3.1.4. DL Load (Tng t TU trong 2G).
L hiu sut s dng cng sut ca cell (ng xung).
Phng php tnh: Thng k trn h thng.
n v tnh: %
1.3.1.5. HSDPA Throughput (High Speed Downlink Packet Access Throughput)
L thng lng ca dch v HSDPA (truy nhp gi ng xung tc cao). Hin
nay tc HSDPA ca Viettel ln ti 7,2Mbps.
Phng php tnh: Tnh thng lng ng xung ca dch v HSDPA ca 1 cell.
n v tnh: bps hoc kbps hoc Mbps.
1.3.1.6. HSUPA Throughput (High Speed Uplink Packet Access Throughput)
L thng lng ca dch v HSUPA (truy nhp gi ng ln tc cao). Tc
upload c th ln ti 5,76 Mbps.
Phng php tnh: Tnh thng lng ng ln ca dch v HSUPA ca 1 cell.
n v tnh: bps hoc kbps hoc Mbps
1.3.2. Nhm thut ng lin quan n cht lng mng v tuyn 3G
1.3.2.1. P1SR (tng t PSR trong 2G)
L t l tm gi thu bao (paging) loi 1 thnh cng
Cng thc tnh:
P1SR = (tng s tr li paging loi 1/tng s paging loi 1 gi i t RNC)*100
n v: %
1.3.2.2. RAB CR (tng t TCR trong 2G)
L t l nghn thit lp dch v do thiu ti nguyn (knh)
Cng thc tnh:
RAB CR = (tng s cuc gi b t chi do ht ti nguyn / tng s cuc gi c
yu cu thit lp)*100
6

 n v tnh: %
1.3.2.3. CSSR (tng t CSSR trong 2G)
L t l thit lp dch v thnh cng
Cng thc tnh:
CSSR = (s RRC thit lp thnh cng [service]/s RRC yu cu thit lp
[service])*(s RAB thit lp thnh cng/s RAB yu cu thit lp)* 100.
n v: %
1.3.2.4. CS CDR (t l rt cuc gi trn knh CS (thoi) - tng t CDR trong 2G)
y l t l c tnh cho tn hiu thoi.
Cng thc tnh:
CS CDR = (tng s cuc gi b gii phng bt thng/tng s gii phng cuc
gi)*100
n v tnh: %
1.3.2.5. PS CDR (t l rt cuc gi trn knh PS (data)
L t l tnh cho data.
Cng thc tnh:
PS CDR = (tng s ln PS b gii phng bt thng/tng s ln gii phng
PS)*100
n v tnh: %
1.3.2.6. SHOSR (Soft Handover Success Rate - t l thnh cng chuyn giao mm)
Cng thc tnh:
SHORS = (tng Active Set Update thnh cng/tng s yu cu Active Set
Update)*100
n v tnh: %
1.3.2.7. HHOSR (L t l chuyn giao cng thnh cng - tng t HOSR trong 2G)
Cng thc tnh:
HHOSR = {(s Intra-freq Hard HO + s Inter-freq HO thnh cng)/(s yu cu
Intra-freq Hard HO + s yu cu Inter-freq HO)}*100
n v tnh: %
Ghi ch:
Intra-freq Hard HO ngha l: Chuyn giao cng ni tn.
Inter-freq HO: Chuyn giao lin tn.
1.3.2.8. CS InRAT HOSR (tng t CS InRAT HOSR trong 2G)
L t l thnh cng chuyn giao 2G 3G cho tn hiu thoi.
Cng thc tnh:
CS InterRAT HOSR = (tng s Inter RAT Outgoing Handover thnh cng.tng s
yu cu Inter RAT Outgoing Handover)*100
n v tnh: %
7

1.3.2.9. PS InRAT HOSR (tng t PS InRAT HOSR trong 2G)

L t l thnh cng chuyn giao 2G 3G cho data.
Cng thc tnh:
PS InterRAT HOSR = (tng s Inter RAT Outgoing Handover thnh cng/tng s
yu cu Inter RAT Outgoing Handover)*100
n v tnh: %
Ch thch:
P1SR: Ging PSR trong 2G, l qu trnh tm gi thu bao khi thu bao
khng chim knh ring (DCH).
CSSR: CSSR c tnh t t l thit lp RRC thnh cng * t l thit lp
RAB thnh cng, trong : RRC (Radio Resource Control iu khin ti
nguyn v tuyn) mang thng tin bo hiu ca lp Core v thng tin iu
khin ca h thng (lp 3), gn ging nhim v ca knh SDCCH trong 2G;
RAB (Radio Access Bearer) l ti nguyn cp cho cc dch v, gn ging
nhim v ca TCH trong 2G. Tuy nhin, c ch cp pht v mapping sang
knh vt l l khc nhau.

II. Thut ng thng dng trong mng ADSL

2.1. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subcriber Line - ng thu bao s bt i xng)
L mt dng trong DSL, ADSL cung cp mt phng thc truyn d liu vi
bng thng rng so vi phng thc truy nhp qua ng dy in thoi truyn thng
theo phng thc quay s (dial-up).
ADSL c tc ti xung (download) cao hn tc ti ln (upload) nn gi l
bt i xng (V d: Tc download/upload ti a ca gi Home N+ hin nay l
3072/512 Kbps. Ta thy tc download l 3072 Kbps ln hn tc upload l 512
Kbps).
2.2. DSLAM (Digital Subcriber Line Access Multiplexer)
L thit b ca nh cung cp dch v Internet kt ni vi khch hng s dng
dch v ADSL. y l thit b tp trung cc ng dy thu bao k thut s truy nhp a
thnh phn. Thit b ny cung cp nhiu loi truy nhp dch v khc nhau nh: Internet
tc cao xDSL, VoD, video multicasting, E-commerce
2.3. Site Router
y l thit b trong mng Metro Ethernet- mt mng mi ca Viettel c chc
nng tp trung lu lng t NodeB, DSLAM.
2.4. BRAS (Broadband Access Sever - server truy nhp bng rng)
L thit b qun l ngi dng, iu khin tnh cc, qun l a ch (MAC, IP),
iu khin dch v v qun l bo mt

2.5. Switch layer 2 & Switch layer 3

Switch layer 2: L mt thit b chuyn mch hot ng lp 2 (trong m hnh
tham chiu OSI). N da vo a ch MAC trong bng nh b m chuyn
thng tin tin t cng ny sang cng khc.
Swith layer 3: Hot ng tng t nh switch layer 2 nhng da trn a ch IP
a ra quyt nh.
2.6. Thi lng gin on thng tin mng A/P (TF)
L tng thi gian thu bao b gin on dch v trong ngy (k t 17h ngy hm
trc n 17h ngy hm sau):
i vi mng ADSL: Do li phn mng truy nhp t DSLAM ti mng Core gy
ra.
i vi mng PSTN: Do li phn mng truy nhp t DLU, TF c tnh cho cc
s c trong ngy (i vi cc s c xy ra ngy hm trc, kt thc vo ngy hm
sau th TF c tnh cho ngy hm sau).
n v tnh: User*h.
2.7. S c ng dy thu bao
L s c xy ra trong ngy mng ngoi vi ca nh cung cp.
2.8. Thi gian thit lp dch v
Thi gian thit lp dch v c tnh t lc DNCCDV v khch hng k hp ng
cung cp dch v (truy nhp Internet ADSL) cho ti khi khch hng c th s dng c
dch v ny.
Ch tiu:
Thi gian thit lp dch v trong 2 ngy: 90%.
Thi gian thit lp dch v trong 3 ngy: = 100%.
2.9. T l hon thnh sa cha li
Thi gian sa cha li dch v c tnh t lc DNCCDV nhn c phn nh ca
khch hng ti Call Center n lc DNCCDV khc phc xong li dch v v khch hng
s dng dch v bnh thng.
Ch tiu: Thi gian sa 6h, t l hon thnh khc phc li dch v 95%.
2.10. FTTx Fiber To The x
y l cc dch v truyn dn cp quang n tn thu bao khch hng. Vi FTTx,
nh cung cp c th a ra nhng dch v bng rng, tc cao. Mt s dch v FTTx
nh: FTTH (Fiber To The Home), FTTO (Fiber To The Office),
2.11. Office WAN
y l dch v cung cp kh nng kt ni cc mng chi nhnh ca mt doanh
nghip vi nhau thnh mng ni b.
2.12. Leasedline Internet, leasedline knh trng
L dch v cho thu knh ring, bng thng kt ni ca khch hng c m bo
khng b chia s vi cc thu bao khc.
9

 Leasedline Internet l knh dng truy nhp Internet cn Leasedline knh trng l
truyn d liu theo ngi dng.

III. Thut ng thng dng trong mng truyn dn

3.1. SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy - phn cp s ng b)
y l mt chun quc t v truyn dn ng b tc cao cho cc mng vin
thng quang. SDH c mt s c im sau:
Tiu chun ha cao ton mng v giao din, nii cho s v u cui tp trung nn
d lp t v bo dng.
Kh nng tch/ghp ti thnh phn t cc tn hiu ton th d dng, trc tip.
Mng ng b tc cao c kh nng chuyn ti hiu qu v mm do cc dch v
bng rng.
C cc cp tc STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, STM-64
3.2. DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing - ghp knh theo bc sng
mt cao)
y l k thut cho php cc tn hiu quang cc bc sng khc nhau c th
cng ghp vo si quang pha pht nh b ghp knh. V tn hiu ghp ny s truyn
dc theo si quang ti pha thu. Ti pha thu, lung tn hiu ny s qua b tch bc
sng thu c cc bc sng ring r. Mi bc sng h tr n 10Gb/s.
3.3. Lung E1.
y l lung truyn dn c ghp t 32 lung PCM 64Kb/s. E1 c tc 2Mb/s.
3.4. Lung STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1)
STM-1 l mt chun truyn dn cp quang SDH theo ITU. Mt lung STM-1 c
tc 155,52 Mb/s.
3.5. Lung STM-n (n = 4, 16, 64)
L lung Truyn dn quang c tc n x 155 Mbit/s.
3.6. Thi lng gin on thng tin (TF)
TF l tng thi gian gin on ca cc lung dch v ang hot ng quy i v
n v c bn E1 trong ngy, tun, thng theo tng cp mng khc nhau (trc quc gia,
lin tnh, ni ht, ton mng). n v tnh ca TF l E1*h. Vi:
Trc quc gia: gm ng trc Bc Nam v cc ng trc kt ni i quc t.
Trc lin tnh, Core HNI, DNG, HCM: Bao gm cc kt ni lin tnh v Core ni
ht cc thnh ph ln (H Ni, TP.HCM v Nng).
Ch tiu: Cp ton mng l 30 E1*h/ngy
3.7. Thi gian x l s c
Thi gian x l s c trung bnh Txltb l thi gian x l trung bnh ca cc loi s
c trong thng.
Ch tiu: Txltb 3,5h.
10

3.8. Vu hi mng truyn dn

Thng thng, truyn dn t im A n im B c th i theo nhiu hng. Khi
mng hot ng bnh thng, truyn dn t A n B i trn mt ng c thit lp
gi l ng chnh. Khi s c xy ra, ng chnh b t th truyn dn t A n B vn
khng b gin on bng cch: Truyn qua mt ng khc gi l ng vu hi bo v.
Quy nh u tin vu hi nh sau:
Mi trm BTS, node B khi pht sng phi tnh phng n vu hi bo v.
Cc tuyn, Node Hub c 5 lung BTS hoc 10 E1 cn u tin vu hi trc.
Ch tiu: Vu hi 90%.
3.9. Nhy lung (NL)
Nhy lung l cc s c gin on trong thi gian rt ngn (di 1 pht) do cc
nguyn nhn nh bn lung km, ma (chp chn lung viba)
NL l s ln nhy lung ca 1 trm BTS trong thi gian 1 thng.
Nhy lung l vic mt lung E1 ca 1 trm BTS trong thi gian 1 pht.
n v tnh: Ln/thng/trm.
TT

Trm

Ch tiu

Trm Quang

NL 8 ln nhy/thng/trm.

Trm Viba

NL 9 ln nhy/thng/trm.

Trm VSAT

NL 30 ln nhy/thng/trm.

IV. Cc n v o lng trong vin thng

4.1. dB Decibel
L mt n v thng dng ch ln ca cng sut hay cng tn hiu.
V d: i cng sut t n v W sang dB c thc hin theo cng thc sau:
P(dB) = 10lg(P(W))
Ch : Trong h thng thng tin di ng, ngi ta thng dng n v dBm
4.2. dBi Decibel (isotropic)
L cng sut dB ca mt ngun ng hng. Trong thng tin di ng, dBi dng
ch li (gain) ca anten.
4.3. bps bit per second (bit/s)
L mt n v c bn o tc truyn d liu. y chnh l s bit d liu c
truyn trong 1 giy trn knh truyn.
Mt s n v o tc khch nh: Bps (byte per second, 1 byte = 8 bit), Kbps
(kilobit per second), Mbps (Megabit per second)

11

CHNG II. TNG QUAN VIN THNG VIETTEL

I. Mng di ng Viettel
1. S cu trc mng di ng Viettel
Mng di ng ca Viettel c th chia lm 4 lp sau:
Lp ngi dng: Gm thit b u cui ngi dng, thit b di ng
Lp truy nhp: Gm cc trm BTS, BSC (2G), NodeB, RNC (3G).
Lp li: Gm c khi chuyn mch MSC+MGW (media gateway), cc nt h tr
GPSR (SGSN, GGSN), HLR, STP
Lp ng dng: Cc chng trnh ng dng trn mng di ng nh OCS, SMS,
MCA, BGM
S cu trc mng di ng Viettel c th hin s lc qua m hnh cu trc
dng lp sau:

12

Hnh 2.1 - Mng di ng Viettel.

2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn trong mng di ng Viettel
Trong phn ny trnh by chc nng ca mt s thnh phn chnh trong mng di
ng Viettel:
13

2.1. Lp ngi dng

Thit b di ng v u cui ngi dng
ME (mng 2G): y l my in thoi di ng, kt ni vi BTS qua giao din Um.
UE (mng 3G): y khng ch l in thoi di ng m cn c th l cc thit b
u cui truy nhp internet nh modem (Dcom 3G, homegateway), kt ni vi
NodeB qua giao din Uu.
2.2. Lp truy nhp
2.2.1. BTS (mng 2G)
Chc nng: BTS thc hin nhiu chc nng nh: Thu pht v tuyn, nh x knh
logic vo knh vt l, m ha/gii m
Kt ni vi BSC qua giao din Abis.
Tn s s dng: 900MHz hoc 1800MHz.
2.2.2. BSC
L khi chc nng iu khin, gim st cc BTS, qun l ti nguyn v tuyn
trong h thng, thc hin mt s chc nng nh:
Qun l mt s trm BTS.
Qun l mng v tuyn: X l cc bn tin bo hiu, iu khin.
Qun l knh v tuyn: n nh, khi to, gii phng knh v tuyn.
Qun l chuyn giao.
Tp trung lu lng.
Kt ni vi MSC qua giao din A, s dng giao thc BSSAP cho dch v thoi.
BTS kt ni n SGSN qua giao din Gb cho dch v data.
2.2.3. NodeB (mng 3G)
Chc nng: NodeB thc hin mt s chc nng nh: Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn,
iu khin cng sut sao cho tn hiu nhn c t cc u cui ngi dng l
tng ng
Kt ni vi RNC qua giao din Iu bng mng Metro Ethernet hoc IP trn SDH.
Tn s: 2110 2170 MHz.
2.2.4. RNC
RNC thc hin mt s cc chc nng sau:
Qun l mt s NodeB v iu khin cc ti nguyn ca chng nh: Cp pht, gii
phng knh, cp pht ti nguyn.
Mt nhim v quan trng na ca RNC l bo v s b mt v ton vn. Sau th
tc nhn thc v tha thun kha, cc kha bo mt v ton vn c t vo
RNC.
RNC kt ni vi nhau qua giao din Iub. RNC c ni n lp li bng hai kt
ni, mt kt ni ti MGW MSC Server bng giao din Iu-CS (lung thoi) v
mt kt ni n SGSN bng giao din Iu-PS (lung data).
14

2.3. Lp li
2.3.1. MSC (MGW + MSC Server)
MSC c trch nhim kt ni v gim st cuc gi n MS v t MS i. C nhiu
chc nng c thc hin trong MSC nh:
Qun l di ng.
Qun l chuyn giao.
X l cuc gi.
X l tnh cc.
Tng tc mng (IWF Internet Working Functions): G-MSC
Cc MSC c giao din kt ni vi cc BSC, RNC qua cc lung STM1 hoc cc
lung GE (IP), Giao din bo hiu ca MSC vi BSC s dng giao thc BSSAP. Giao
din kt ni MSC vi cc thnh phn mng core khc nh MSC khc, STP, HLR,
GMSC... bng cc giao din IP trn mng MPBN, cc giao thc s dng gm SCCP,
ISUP, MAP, CAP ca bo hiu s 7.
2.3.2. SGSN
L nt chnh trong min chuyn mch gi, chu trch nhim cho tt c cc kt ni
PS ca tt c cc thu bao. SGSN cha thng tin ng k thu bao v thng tin v tr thu
bao. Kt ni n BSC qua giao din Iu-CS dnh cho thoi, kt ni n RNC qua giao din
Iu-PS, kt ni vi HLR/Auc qua giao din Gr (s dng bo hiu MAP) v kt ni vi
GGSN qua giao din Gn+.
2.3.3. GGSN
L mt nt cng d liu gia mng PS kt ni vi mng internet, cc d liu
truyn t thu bao ra mng ngoi u qua GGSN. GGSN cng cha thng tin ng k v
thng tin v tr thu bao. Giao din kt ni n mng internet qua router P ca mng
Internet.
2.3.4. GMSC
L MSC c chc nng cng ni ra cc mng ngoi nh PSTN.
Tng i GMSC c giao din kt ni vi ngoi mng cho c di ng v c nh
qua giao din kt ni l cc STM1. Cc giao din ny s dng ISUP bo hiu s 7.
GMSC kt ni ti MSC s dng giao thc bo hiu nh: MAP, ISUP, kt ni n
HLR/Auc s dng giao thc bo hiu MAP, kt ni ti tng i quc t IGW.
2.3.5. HLR/AuC
L c s d liu thng tin v thu bao v nhn thc thu bao. HLR/AuC kt ni
n GMSC qua giao din C (dng bo hin MAP). Ngoi ra, HLR cn kt ni n VLR
(Vistor Location Register B ghi nh v khch) qua giao din D (s dng bo hiu
MAP). HLR/AuC lu gi cc thng tin nh:
Cc s nhn dng IMSI, MSISDN.
Cc m kha cc nhn Ki.
Cc thng tin v thu bao.
15

 Danh sch cc dch v m MS c/hn ch s dng.

S hiu VLR ang phc v MS.
2.3.6. STP (Signaling Tranfer Point im trung chuyn bo hiu)
Chc nng chnh ca STP l chuyn tip cc bn tin bo hiu (hay chc nng nh
tuyn bo hiu). STP l mt b chuyn mch gi hot ng nh mt hub gi cc bn tin
bo hiu ti cc STP, SCP hay SSP khc. STP nh tuyn cc bn tin thng qua vic kim
tra thng tin nh tuyn c gn km vi mi bn tin bo hiu v gi chng ti im bo
hiu cn thit. Thay v cc node mng li u ni bo hiu trc tip vi nhau to ra mt
mng mesh phc tp, STP s ng vai tr node trung tm trong mng bo hiu, qun l
mng bo hiu trong sng hn.
*) Mng CS cho cc cuc gi v thoi: UE NodeB RNC MSC server ...
*) Mng PS cho cc cuc gi v data: UE NodeB RNC SGSN GGSN
Mng internet.
2.4. Lp ng dng
Thc hin chc nng l giao din kt ni gia cc mng khc nhau, cung cp cc
dch v trn nn di ng nh: OCS, MCA, BGM, CRBT
OCS: H thng tnh cc thu bao tr trc.
SMSC: H thng tin nhn.
MCA (Misscall Alert System): H thng cnh bo cuc gi nh.
BGM (Background Music): H thng nhc nn.
CRBT (Colour Ringback Tone): H thng nhc chung ch.
IV. Mng truyn dn Viettel
1. S cu trc mng truyn dn ca Viettel
S mng truyn dn Viettel c cho nh hnh sau:

16

Hnh 2.4 - Mng truyn dn Viettel

17

2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn trong mng truyn dn.

Mng truyn dn l h tng truyn ti thng tin cho cc mng vi thng khc nh:
Mng IP, A/P/F, Mobile N cung cp cc ng kt ni t BTS BSC, NodeB
RNC, DSLAM Site Router, gia cc core vng v trung tm, gia cc khu vc vi
nhau
Mng truyn dn ca Viettel cung cp cc knh: E1 (2Mbps), E3 (45 Mbps), STM1 (155,52 Mbps), STM-4 (622 Mbps = 4 x STM-1), STM-16 (2,5 Gbps = 4xSTM-4); cc
knh Fast Ethernet (2,4,6,8100 Mbps).
Mng truyn dn ca Viettel c chia lm 4 lp:
Lp trc quc gia (National Backbone Layer).
Lp li hay cn gi l lp lin tnh (Core Layer).
Lp hi t hay cn gi l lp ni tnh (Convergence Layer).
Lp truy nhp (Access Layer).
2.1. Lp trc quc gia
Cng ngh: DWDM dung lng cao
Dung lng: N x STM-64.
ph: ng trc Bc Nam (HNI HCM), cc vng ring quc t.
di: T SLA n CTO.
Chc nng: Kt ni lu lng cc vng min, truyn ti dch v Bc Nam, kt
ni cc hng i Quc t.
2.2. Lp li (lp lin tnh).
Cng ngh: Quy hoch s dng cng ngh DWDM.
Dung lng: 400 Gbps (hin ti ch dng 50 Gbps).
ph: Ni ht cc thnh ph ln (HNI, DNG, HCM), cc vng ring lin tnh.
C ch bo v: MSP Ring, SNCP.
Quy hoch mc bo v: 1+3.
Chc nng: Tp trung lu lng dch v cc Tnh, chuyn ti v cc trung tm
dch v ti cc thnh ph H Ni, Nng, H Ch Minh.
2.3. Lp hi t (lp ni tnh)
Cng ngh: SDH.
Dung lng: STM-16 tr ln.
ph: Ni ht cc thnh ph, cc tuyn lin huyn, th x.
C ch bo v: PSP Ring, SNCP.
Mc bo v: 1+1.
Chc nng: Kt ni lp li v lp truy nhp, chuyn ti lu lng dch v t lp
truy nhp ln lp li.

18

2.4. Lp access
Cng ngh: SDH.
Dung lng: STM-1, STM-4.
C ch bo v: PP, SNCP.
Chc nng: L lp trc tip kt ni vi cc node access ca cc mng dch v
(BTS/NodeB, DSLAM, PSTN, khch hng thu knh)
III. Mng Viettel Internet
1. S cu trc mng Viettel Internet
Mng Internet ca Viettel c m t di dng phn lp nh sau:

19

Hnh 2.3 - Mng Viettel Internet

20

2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn trong mng Internet

DSLAM: Tp trung d liu ca cc thu bao
Site Router:
o Kt ni n DSLAM, NodeB, cc khch hng dch cp quang v chuyn d
liu t cc thnh phn ln mng li.
o Dng cng ngh: MPLS, BGP.
Core x, Core huyn, Core tnh, Core khu vc:
o Tp trung lu lng t lp di v chuyn ln lp trn.
o nh tuyn d liu.
Router P: Dng chuyn mch nhanh gia cc vng, cc khu vc; kt ni sang
phn chuyn mch gi ca lp Core di ng
BRAS: Dng qun l a ch, tnh cc, iu khin bo mt

21

II. Mng Viettel PSTN

1. S cu trc mng Viettel PSTN.

Hnh 2.2 - Mng PSTN Viettel

22

Ch : Ti cc tnh cn li, do dung lng cng nh s lng thu bao thp nn thnh
phn Host s kim chc nng qun l thu bao v trung chuyn lu lng.
2. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn trong mng PSTN.
DLU: Dng tp trung lu lng cc thu bao.
Host: L mt dng tng i trung chuyn lu lng trong ni tnh.
Tandem: Dng chuyn lu lng ca cc thu bao lin tnh. Vi cc tnh tr
HNI v HCM, Tadem cng dng trung chuyn lu lng trong ni tnh.
TOLL: Dng chuyn lu lng gia cc khu vc nh t HNI n DNG.
IV. S kt ni tng th mng vin thng Viettel theo cu trc phn lp
1. S kt ni
Pha trn, cc phn trnh by tng mng ring bit ca Viettel. Sau y l s
tng th mng vin thng ca Viettel, s ny s cho ngi c th s lin kt gia cc
mng vi nhau:

23

Hnh 2.5 - Tng th mng vin thng Viettel

24

2. Mt s lung lu lng
2.1. Di ng Viettel C nh Viettel
Trng hp cng khu vc: Di ng BTS/NodeB MSC GMSC TOLL
Tadem Host C nh.
Trng hp khc khu vc: Di ng BTS/NodeB MSC GMSC(1)
TOLL(1) TOLL(2) Tadem(2) Host(2) C nh.
2.2. Di ng Viettel Homephone Viettel
Trng hp cng khu vc:
Trng hp cng MSC: Di ng BTS BSC MSC BSC BTS
Homephone.
Trng hp khc MSC:
o Tng i chuyn mch mm s dng cng ngh IP: Di ng BTS
BSC MSS MSS# BSC BTS Homephone.
o Tng i chuyn mch mm s dng cng ngh TDM: Di ng BTS
BSC MSC GMSC MSC# BSC BTS Homephone.
2.3. Di ng Viettel Di ng mng khc
Di ng Viettel BTS BSC MSC GMSC Viettel GMSC mng khc
MSC BSC BTS Di ng mng khc.
2.4. Di ng Viettel C nh mng khc
Di ng Viettel BTS BSC MSC GMSC Viettel TOLL Viettel
TOLL mng khc Tadem Host C nh mng khc.
2.5. C nh Viettel C nh mng khc
C nh Viettel Host Tadem TOLL Viettel TOLL mng khc
Tadem Host C nh mng khc
2.6. T thu bao di ng 3G truy nhp internet
Di ng NodeB RNC SGSN GGSN Internet

25

Ph lc - T vit tt
T vit tt

Ngha

HNI

H Ni

HCM

Thnh ph H Ch Minh

DNG

Nng

A/P

ADSL/PSTN

DNCCDV

Doanh nghip cung cp dch v

26