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net shi ni chi _kudo509

1

QUY TC MT XCH

nh l: Nu hm s f kh vi trn 1 tp m D ca R
n
v C l 1 ng kh vi trong D
(C : I R -> D)
(t I, C (t): (x
1
(t), x
2
(t), , x
n
(t)) D)
th t I, (f
0
C)(t) = f [C (t)] R l hm s theo 1 bin s c o hm trn I.

t I, (f
0
C)
,
(t) = (f [C (t)])
,
= gradf (C (t)). C
,
(t) =

m
i 1
D
i
f (C (t)). x
i
,
(t) =

m
i 1
o [ C ( t) ]
ox i
.
Jxi
Jt


V y l file n tp nn mnh khng i su vo l thuyt (mc d i su th mnh cng chng
hiu g nhiu!!!).
Vd1: trng hp c th ca nh l trong khng gian R
2
.
Hm s f nh bi f (x, y) kh vi trn D mR
2
.
i sang 2 bin s mi gi l u, v x = x (u, v)
y = y (u, v)
C (u, v) = ((x (u, v), y (u, v))
th ta c hm s hp nh bi f [C (u, v)] = f (x (u, v), y (u, v)) (hm s theo 2 bin s mi)
Ta c:
o
ou
[C (u, v)] = gradf [C (u, v)].
oC
ou

Vd2: f (x, y) = 2x
3
3x
2
y + xy + 2y
2
+ 5x 3y
C (r, t) = (x (r, t) = rcos t, y (r, t) = rsi n t)
hm s hp: f [C (r, t)] = f (x (r, t), y (r, t))
Tnh
o
or
[C (r, t)]
Gii:
D = R
2
.
Cch 1: f (C (r, t)) = f (x (r, t), y (r, t)) = 2r
3
cos
3
t 3r
3
cos
2
t.si n t + r
2
si n t cos t + 2r
2
sin
2
t + 5rcos t
3rsi n t
Ti y ta c th d dng tnh c
o
or
[C (r, t)] nh bi o hm ring.
Cch 2: dng quy tc mt xch
Bc 1: tnh gradf (x, y)
gradf (x, y) = (6x
2
6xy + y + 5, -3x
2
+ x + 4y 3)
gradf[C (r, t)] = (6r
2
cos
2
t 6r
2
cos t si n t + rsi n t + 5, -3r
2
cos
2
t + rcos t + 4rsi n t 3)
Bc 2: C (r, t) = (rcos t, rsi n t)

oC
or
(r, t) = (cos t, si n t)

o
or
[C (r, t)] =
oC
or
. gradf [C (r, t)] = (6r
2
cos
2
t 6r
2
cos t si n t + rsi n t + 5).cos t +
(-3r
2
cos
2
t + rcos t + 4rsi n t 3). si n t = (cc bn t tnh tip ra p s ri so
snh vi p s cch 1 coi c ging nhau khng nha!)
Vd3: Cho f l hm s 2 bin, t:
u = f (
yx
xy
,
zx
xz
). Chng minh:
w w w .i t spi r i t cl ub.net shi ni chi _kudo509

2

x
2ou
ox
+ y
2ou
oy
+ z
2ou
oz
= 0.
Gii: D = R
2
t s =
yx
xy
=
1
x
-
1
y

t =
zx
xz
=
1
x
-
1
z

C (x, y, z) = (s (x, y, z), t (x, y, z)) = (
yx
xy
,
zx
xz
)
u = f (s, t)
gradf (s, t) = (
ou
os
,
ou
ot
)
oC
ox
= (
2
1
x

,
2
1
x

) ,
oC
oy
= (
2
1
y
, 0),
oC
oz
= (0,
2
1
z
)
=> x
2ou
ox
= gradf (s, t).
oC
ox
=
ou
os
-
ou
ot

y
2ou
oy
= gradf (s, t).
oC
oy
=
ou
os

z
2ou
oz
= gradf (s, t).
oC
oz
=
ou
ot

T =>pcm.
Vd4: Cho u = x
3
.f (
y
x
,
z
x
). Chng minh:
x
ou
ox
+ y
ou
oy
+ z
ou
oz
= 3u
Gii: D = R
2

t s =
y
x
, t =
z
x

C (x, y, z) = (s (x, y, z), t (x, y, z)) =(
y
x
,
z
x
)
gradf (s, t) = (
o
os
,
o
ot
)
oC
ox
= (
2
x
y
,
2
x
z
),
oC
oy
= (
1
x
, 0),
oC
oz
= (0,
1
x
)
Ta c: x
ou
ox
= x
o
ox
(x
3
f) = x. (3x
2
f + x
3o
ox
) = 3x
3
f + x
4o
ox
= 3x
3
f + x
4
(
2
x
y
.
o
os
-
2
x
z
.
o
ot
)
= 3x
3
f yx
2o
os
zx
2o
ot

y
ou
oy
= y
o
oy
(x
3
f) = yx
3o
oy
= yx
3
(
1
x
.
o
os
) = yx
2o
os

z
ou
oz
= z
o
oz
(x
3
f) = zx
3o
oz
= zx
3
(
1
x
.
o
ot
) = zx
2o
ot

T => pcm.
Vd5: Cho u = y. f (x
2
y
2
) (f l hm 1 bin, t s = x
2
y
2
, khi ta dng f
,
(s) ch khng
dng
o
os
). Chng minh:
y
ou
ox
+ x
ou
oy
=
x
y
u
Vd6: Cho u = f (
2 2 2
z y x ). Chng minh:
w w w .i t spi r i t cl ub.net shi ni chi _kudo509

3

(
ou
ox
)
2
+ (
ou
oy
)
2
+ (
ou
oz
)
2
= [f
,
(r)]
2
(vi r =
2 2 2
z y x )

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