TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

MC LC
BI 1

NG HC QU TRNH SY
........................................................................................................2

BI 2

TNH HC QU TRNH SY
......................................................................................................18

BI 3

KHO ST CH CT CHM (THP M)

......................................................................................................27

BI 5

CHNG GIN ON KHNG HON LU

......................................................................................................38

BI 8

CHNG LIN TC
......................................................................................................50

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

Bi 1

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

NG HC QU TRNH SY

I. MC CH TH NGHIM
Kho st qu trnh sy i lu vt liu l giy lc trong thit b sy bng khng kh c
nung nng nhm:
-

Xc nh ng cong sy W=f( ) .

Xc nh ng cong tc sy

Gi tr m ti hn Wk, tc sy ng tc N, h s sy K.

dW
= f (W) .
d

II. L THUYT
TIN HNH TH NGHIM (Thit b DIDACTA)

Bt cng tc tng.

em cn vt liu xc nh G0.

Lm m u cc t vt liu.

Kim tra thit b sy: nc vo ch o nhit bu t.

Ghi gi tr bu t v bu kh ti thi im ban u.

iu chnh tc qut nt iu chnh tc , bt cng tc qut (ch mt pht

cho phng sy kh).

Ci t mc nhit lng ca in tr, bt cng tc in tr gia nhit.

Ci thit b sy hot ng n nh (nhit bu kh khng i)khong 10 pht,

m ca phng sy, t nh nhng cc t giy lc ln gi , ng ca phng sy.

Ghi nhn cc gi tr: ch s cn, nhit bu kh, nhit bu t v khng kh

trong phng sy ti thi im ban u.

Ghi nhn cc gi tr: ch s cn, nhit bu kh, nhit bu t trong phng sy

sau khong 3 pht. Khi khi lng vt liu khng thay i sau 3 ln o th ngng
th nghim.

Tin hnh th nghim mc in tr 3, 5, 7.

Ngng thit b: chuyn cc nt iu chnh v trng thi 0, ng cng tc gia

nhit in tr, ng cng tc qut.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

TNH TON:

1. Cc thng s ban u:
-

Din tch b mt bay hi: F (m2)

Na chiu dy mt tm giy lc: R (m)

Khi lng giy lc kh tuyt i: G0 (g)

B mt ring khi lng ca vt liu: f=F/G (m3/kg)

m ca giy lc: Wi =

Gi : khi lng vt liu theo thi gian (g)

Gi G0
100(%)
G0

2. ng cong tc sy:
-

V ng cong tc sy W=f(t)

Dng ng cong tc sy bng cch ly vi phn ng cong sy. T im I

trn ng cong sy v tip tuyn vi ng cong ti I, gi tr h s gc ca tip
tuyn l gi tr tc sy.

3. Xc nh m ti hn v m cn bng:
-

m ti hn quy c Wk:

Thc nghim: Xc nh trn ng cong tc sy khi giai on ng tc kt thc.

L thuyt: Wk =
-

W1
+ Wc
1.8

m cn bng Wc : tm c ti im N=0 trn ng cong tc sy.

4. Xc nh p sut hi bo ha Pb v p sut hi ring phn Ph:

T nhit bu t t v bu kh tk xc nh ph, pb theo gin khng kh m
Rankin.
5. Cc thng s l thuyt:
-

Xc nh cng bay hi m Jm

Xc nh tc sy

Xc nh h s K trong giai on gim tc

Xc nh thi gian sy giai on ng tc v gim tc.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

III.

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

KT QU TH NGHIM V X L:

Mc 3 (R=400C): G0=0.0474Kg.
(s)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
69
72
75
78
81
84
87
90
93
96
99
102

Gi (Kg)
0.1538
0.1490
0.1460
0.1434
0.1408
0.1376
0.1350
0.1316
0.1290
0.1258
0.1230
0.1198
0.1168
0.1134
0.1100
0.1060
0.1026
0.0984
0.0950
0.0914
0.0876
0.0844
0.0806
0.0770
0.0730
0.0700
0.0672
0.0640
0.0606
0.0583
0.0561
0.0542
0.0540
0.0540
0.0540

tk (0C)
30.5
31.0
30.5
30.5
30.2
30.5
30.9
30.9
30.2
31.7
31.0
31.0
31.1
31.2
30.5
31.2
31.8
31.8
31.8
32.0
31.9
32.0
32.1
32.1
32.1
32.1
32.4
32.1
32.3
32.5
32.2
32.3
32.2
32.2
32.2

t (0C)
28.0
28.0
27.8
27.8
27.5
27.6
27.8
27.8
28.1
28.3
28.2
28.1
28.0
28.0
27.9
28.2
28.2
28.4
28.1
28.3
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.2
28.1
28.3
28.1
28.4
28.6
28.3
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5

Mc 5 (R=500C): G0=0.052Kg.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

(s)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
69
72

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Gi (Kg)
0.1546
0.1476
0.1410
0.1336
0.1284
0.1206
0.1148
0.1088
0.1026
0.0982
0.0940
0.0890
0.0836
0.0798
0.0750
0.0730
0.0700
0.0672
0.0650
0.0630
0.0622
0.0614
0.0610
0.0610
0.0610

tk (0C)
34.0
34.5
34.5
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0

t (0C)
28.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
25.9
26.0
26.0
26.3
26.5
26.2
26.1
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.1
26.0
26.0
26.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0

tk (0C)
35.8
35.8
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
35.5
35.2
35.2
35.5
35.5

t (0C)
27.0
27.0
27.1
27.2
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.1

Mc 7 (R=600C): G0=0.06Kg.
(s)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33

PHAN THNH CNG

Gi (Kg)
0.1356
0.1310
0.1242
0.1188
0.1114
0.1054
0.0989
0.0915
0.0825
0.0752
0.0680
0.0640

MSSV:07700521

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

36
39

PHAN THNH CNG

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

0.0640
0.0640

MSSV:07700521

35.5
35.5

27.1
27.1

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

X l kt qu:
Cc cng thc s dng:
Cc thng s ban u:
2
Din tch b mt bay hi: F = m.(n.a.b) = 3 (2 0.2 0.3) = 0.36m

Vi

m : S tm giy.
n : S t giy to nn mt tm giy.
a : Chiu rng t giy (m).
b : Chiu di t giy (m).

Khi lng giy lc kh tuyt i:

G0(1) =0.0474(Kg)
G0(2) =0.052(Kg)
G0(3) =0.052(Kg)

B mt ring khi lng ca vt liu: f=F/G (m3/kg)

f1 =

m2
F
0.36
=
= 7.595

G0(1) 0.0474
Kg

f2 =

m2
F
0.36
=
= 6.923

G0(2) 0.052
Kg

f3 =

m2
F
0.36
=
= 6

G0(3) 0.06
Kg

m ca giy lc: Wi =

Gi G0
100(%)
G0

Gi : khi lng vt liu theo thi gian (g)

Vn tc ca dng khng kh sy
v = 2.8

m
s

Tc sy:
N=

dw w i w i +1 %
=

d
i +1 1 phut

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

IV. BNG KT QU TNH TON:

Bng 1: Kt qu tnh ton mc 3

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

(s)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
69
72
75
78
81
84
87
90
93
96
99
102

Wi (%)
224.4726
214.3460
208.0169
202.5316
197.0464
190.2954
184.8101
177.6371
172.1519
165.4008
159.4937
152.7426
146.4135
139.2405
132.0675
123.6287
116.4557
107.5949
100.4219
92.8270
84.8101
78.0591
70.0422
62.4473
54.0084
47.6793
41.7722
35.0211
27.8481
22.9958
18.3544
14.3460
13.9241
13.9241
13.9241

Ni (%/pht)
3.3755
2.1097
1.8284
1.8284
2.2504
1.8284
2.3910
1.8284
2.2504
1.9691
2.2504
2.1097
2.3910
2.3910
2.8129
2.3910
2.9536
2.3910
2.5316
2.6723
2.2504
2.6723
2.5316
2.8129
2.1097
1.9691
2.2504
2.3910
1.6174
1.5471
1.3361
0.1406
0.0000
0.0000

Bng 2: Kt qu tnh ton mc 5

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

(s)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
69
72

Wi (%)
197.3077
183.8462
171.1538
156.9231
146.9231
131.9231
120.7692
109.2308
97.3077
88.8462
80.7692
71.1538
60.7692
53.4615
44.2308
40.3846
34.6154
29.2308
25.0000
21.1538
19.6154
18.0769
17.3077
17.3077
17.3077

Ni (%/pht)
4.4872
4.2308
4.7436
3.3333
5.0000
3.7179
3.8462
3.9744
2.8205
2.6923
3.2051
3.4615
2.4359
3.0769
1.2821
1.9231
1.7949
1.4103
1.2821
0.5128
0.5128
0.2564
0.0000
0.0000

Bng 3: Kt qu tnh ton mc 7

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

PHAN THNH CNG

(s)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36

Wi (%)
126.0000
118.3333
107.0000
98.0000
85.6667
75.6667
64.8333
52.5000
37.5000
25.3333
13.3333
6.6667
6.6667

MSSV:07700521

Ni (%/pht)
2.5556
3.7778
3.0000
4.1111
3.3333
3.6111
4.1111
5.0000
4.0556
3.7778
2.2222
0.0000
0.0000
9

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

14

PHAN THNH CNG

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

39

6.6667

MSSV:07700521

10

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Bng 4: Kt qu tnh ton cc thng s ng hc.,

Tng t ta cng c c:
tk 2 = 34.90 C , tu 2 = 26.40 C
tk 3 = 35.7 0 C , tu 3 = 270 C

Theo tnh ton ta c:

WK1=18.3544% , NTN(1)= 1.3361 (%/pht)

WK2=25.000% , NTN(2)= 1.2821 (%/pht)
WK3=25.3333% , NTN(3)= 4 (%/pht)

T WK(TN), NTN ta c th tnh ton WK(LT), NLT theo cng thc:

w LT =

w1
+ w c vi WC : L gi tr ti N = 0
1.8

N LT = 100 J m f

p sut tuyt i ca hi nc bo ha:

Nhit (0C)
25
30
35

p sut (mmHg)
23.771
31.866
42.169

40

55.342

Qua bng trn, theo cng thc ni suy ta c th xc nh Pb 31.50C v 28.10C

Nhit (0C)
28.1
31.5

p sut (mmHg)
28.790
34.957

34.9

41.963

26.4
35.7

26.038
44.013

27

27.009

H s trao i m:
m = 0.047 vk0.8 = 0.047 2.80.8 = 0.10711( Kg / m2 .s.mmHg )
= 0.10711 60 = 6.4266( Kg / m 2 . phut.mmHg )

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

11

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Cng bay hi m:

J m = m .( Pb Ph )

760
. Thay gi tr Pb v Ph vo cng thc ta c:
B

J1 = 6.4266 (34.957 28.790)

Kg
760
= 39.6328 2

760
m . phut

J 2 = 6.4266 (41.963 26.038)

Kg
760
= 102.3436 2

760
m . phut

J 3 = 6.4266 (44.013 27.009)

Kg
760
= 109.2779 2

760
m . phut

H s sy K:
K =

Thi gian sy trong giai on ng tc:

1 =

w1 w K
N

Thi gian sy trong giai on gim tc:

2 =

N
w K wC

w K wC
N

Thi gian sy tng cng:

= 1 + 2

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

12

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

TNH TON TA C BNG S LIU NG HC SAU:

Thng s

Mc 3

Mc 5

Mc 7

WK (%)

18.3544

25.000

25.3333

WC (%)

13.9241

17.3077

6.6667

tu (0C)

28.1

26.4

27

tk (0C)

31.5

34.9

35.7

Pb (mmHg)

34.957

41.963

44.013

Ph (mmHg)

28.790

26.038

27.009

6.4266

6.4266

6.4266

Jm (Kg/m2.ph)

39.6328

102.3436

109.2779

NLT (%/ph)

30101.144

70852.478

65566.744

NTN (%/ph)

1.3361

1.2821

K (1/ph)

0.3016

0.1603

0.2143

1 ( ph)

0.01974

0.03899

0.14815

2 ( ph)

2.3515

2.3026

1.0296

( ph)

2.37121

2.34158

1.17777

(Kg/m2.ph.mmHg)

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

13

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

TH:
Mc 3:

BIN THIN CA M THEO THI GIAN.

250

W (%)
200
150
100
50
0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

t (ph)

4.00

N (%/ph)

NG CONG TC SY THC NGHIM.

3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0

50

100

150

200

250

W (%)

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

14

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Mc 5:

BIN THIN CA M THEO THI GIAN.

250

W (%)
200
150
100
50
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

t (ph)

NG CONG TC SY THC NGHIM.

N (%/ph)
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

50

100

150

200

250

W (%)

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

15

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Mc 7:

BIN THIN CA M THEO THI GIAN.

140

W (%)

120
100
80
60
40
20
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

t (ph)

NG CONG TC SY THC NGHIM.

6

N (%/ph)
5

0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

W (%)

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

16

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

V. BN LUN:
1. Nhn xt ng cong sy v ng cong tc sy:
ng cong sy:
- giai on ng tc: ng cong sy gim u nh mt ng thng xin do hm
m ca vt liu gim dn theo thi gian.
- giai on gim tc: ng cong sy chuyn t ng thng xin sang nm ngang,
s gim khng u.
ng cong tc sy:
- giai on ng tc: ng cong tc sy tuy c chnh lch nhng gn ging nh
mt ng thng song song vi trc honh (trc X).
- giai on gim tc: ng cong sy gim nhanh v t c gi tr N = 0
2. cc ch khc nhau th thi gian sy thay i nh th no? ch no c li
hn?
Trn thc t th nhit cng cao th thi gian sy cng gim.
3. Nguyn nhn dn n sai s trong th nghim v tnh ton.
- Khong thi gian gia 2 ln cn khng u nhau.
- Cn v c s liu khng hon ton chnh xc do khi lng vt liu lun thay i theo
thi gian.
- M hnh th nghim trong phng th nghim ch l m hnh m phng, i khi cn c
hng hc, ngng qu trnh sy ngay trong thi gian sy nn khng m bo c thi
gian sy v chnh xc.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

17

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

TNH LC HC QU TRNH SY

BI 2

I. MC CH TH NGHIM:
-

Kho st s bin i thng s khng kh m v vt liu sy ca qu trnh sy l

thuyt.

Xc nh lng khng kh kh cn s dng v lng nhit cn thit cho qu

trnh sy l thuyt.

So snh v nh gi s khc nhau gia qu trnh sy thc t v qu trnh sy l

thuyt.

II. L THUYT TH NGHIM:

1. S nguyn l lm vic my sy bng khng kh:

Trong qu trnh sy nu dng tc nhn sy l khng kh th gi l sy bng khng
kh. Khi sy khng kh nng tip xc vi b mt vt liu m lm bc hi nc trong
vt liu m to thnh hn hp khng kh m thot ra ngoi.
S nguyn l lm vic ca my sy bng khng kh c m t trn hnh sau:
Hi nc

G , x

Khng kh nng ra
Gc , xc

S sy bng khng kh
Vt liu ban u vn cn m cho qua ca v nh b phn vn chuyn a qua phng
sy. Khng kh bn ngoi c qut ht a vo caloriphe si ri vo phng sy. Ti

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

18

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

caloriphe si khng kh c un nng n nhit cn thit, khi vo phng sy khng

kh tip xc vi vt liu, cp nhit cho nc trong vt liu bc hi ra ngoi.
Hn hp khng kh sau khi sy xong theo chiu ht ca qut thot ra ngoi. i
khi cn b sung nhit khng kh sy, nguwowid ta dung caloriphe b sung cp
nhit cho khng kh ngay thi phng sy.
2. Sy l thuyt:
n gin cho vic nghin cu qu trnh sy trc tin ta nghin cu qua v sy
l thuyt. Trong sy l thuyt coi cc i lng b sung v nhit tn tht u bng
khng ngha l

hay

Trong thc t nu thng gp trng hp nhit b sung bng nhit tn tht

, do

cng coi l sy l thuyt.

Khi phng trnh

ta s c:

Ta c phng trnh :
So snh hai phng trnh (1) v (2) ta c:
T ta c : :
V H >0 do
Vy khi sy l thuyt nhit lng ring ca khng kh khng thay i trong sut
qu trnh H= const (ng H), ni cch khc, trong qu trnh sy l thuyt, mt phn nhit
ca khng kh c b mt mt i cng ch lm bc hi nc trong vt liu, do H
khng i.
3. Sy thc t:
Trong sy thc t, lng nhit b sung chung khc vi nhit lng tn tht chung do
ta c:

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

19

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Theo phng trnh:

Theo phng trnh:
Cn bng hai phng trnh ny:

T ta rt ra:
Hoc
Khi phn tch ngha ca i lng

, ta s thy trong thc t c th xy ra ba

trng hp:
Nhit lng b sung ln hn nhit lng tn tht chung, tc l:
Do

Hay l
Theo biu thc (3) ta c:
Hoc
Nhit lng b sung chung khng b nhit lng tn tht chung, tc l:
Do

Hay l
Theo biu thc (3) ta c:
V I >0 do :
Nhit lng b sung chung bng nhit lng tn tht chung, y l trng hp
ca sy l thuyt nu phn trn, trong trng hp ny th
Tnh lng khng kh kh cn thit lm bc hi 1kg m theo cng thc:
(kg/kg m)
Nhit lng tiu tn ring cho ton b my sy l:

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

20

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

,(J/kg m)
Nhit lng tiu tn ring caloriphe si:
, (J/kg m)
Lng nhit tiu hao ring caloriphe b sung trong phng sy tnh theo cng
thc:
, J/kg m

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

21

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

III. KT QU TH NGHIM V X L:
BNG S LIU TH NGHIM

G0 = 0.0886 (Kg)
in

STT

tr

Qut

im 0
tk
T
0

im 1
tk
T
0

im 2
tk
T
0

30

28.5

29.5

27

33

31.5

32.5

28

38

35.5

37

30

34

32

33

29

34

32.2

33.5

27.5

27

26

Gc

(Kg)

(Kg)

m/s

0.220

0.203

4
0.277

4
0.260

6
0.265

4
0.243

4
0.250

2
0.236

2
0.294

0.275

4
4.1
3.7
2.5
4.5

Cc cng thc tnh ton v s liu tra cu:

m ca vt liu trc v sau khi sy, tnh theo % khi lng vt liu kh tuyt i

m ca vt liu trc v sau khi sy, tnh theo % khi lng vt liu t:

xd =

Gd G0
( Kg/ Kg)
Gd

xc =

Gc G0
( Kg / Kg)
Gc

Lng bay hi ra khi vt liu:

: m vt liu trc v sau khi sy, tnh theo % khi lng vt liu t.

W: lng m c tch ra khi vt liu trc khi ra my sy, kg/s.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

22

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Lng khng kh kh cn s dng cho qu trnh sy l thuyt:

Lng khng kh kh cn s dng cho qu trnh sy thc t:

Lth =
F.
.
Vi

(Kg/s)

F: Tit din mt bn ca phng sy m qut a khng kh vo (m2).

= 1.180K g /m3 : Khi lng ring ca khng kh kh 300C

: Vn tc dng kh (m/s)
V phng sy c dng hnh hp ch nht nn ta c:
F = a.b
a: Chiu rng mt bn ca phng sy.
b: Chiu cao mt bn ca phng sy. (a = b =0.5m)

F = 0.5 0.5= 0.25m

T tk, tu ca cc im trong bng kt qu th nghim, tra gin Ramzin H trang 214, sch gio trnh v thit b truyn khi ta c , v H.
Nhit lng trong my sy:
Sy l thuyt:
Sy thc t:
BNG KT QU TNH TON:
Khi lng vt liu kh tuyt i: G0 = 0,0886g
Kt qu tra s liu
STT
1
2
3
4
5

PHAN THNH CNG

im 0

im 1
H

(kg/kg)

(kJ/kg)

0.02

79

im 2
H

(kg/kg)
0.0255
0.028
0.0345
0.0282
0.0291

MSSV:07700521

(kJ/kg)
95
105.5
127.5
106.5
109

H
(kg/kg)
0.021
0.0228
0.0242
0.0245
0.0208

(kJ/kg)
84
90
99
96
86.5

23

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Tnh cn bng vt cht v nng lng.

xd

STT

xc

(Kg/Kg)
0.598
0.681
0.666
0.646
0.699

1
2
3
4
5

(Kg/Kg)
1.488
2.133
1.995
1.824
2.324

(Kg/Kg)
0.564
0.660
0.636
0.626
0.678

(Kg/Kg)

(Kg)

1.296
1.939
1.745
1.670
2.104

0.0170
0.0172
0.0222
0.0136
0.0195

L thuyt
Llt
Qlt
(Kg)
3.778
3.308
2.155
3.676
2.349

(kJ)
60.444
87.654
104.534
101.081
70.482

Thc t
Lth
Qth
(Kg)
1.180
1.210
1.092
0.826
1.328

(kJ)
5.900
13.305
21.830
14.042
9.956

TH SO SNH LNG KHNG KH S DNG CA QT SY L THUYT

V THC T.

LNG KHNG KH CHO SY L THUYT V THC T

0.025

W (Kg)

0.020

L thuyt

0.015

0.010

Thc t
0.005

0.000
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

L (Kg)

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

24

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

TH SO SNH NHIT CUNG CP CA QT SY L THUYT V THC T.

NHIT CUNG CP CA SY L THUYT V THC T.

120

Q (kJ/Kg)
100
80

L thuyt

60
40
20
0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Thc t

L (Kg)

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

25

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

IV. BN LUN:
So snh bin i lng khng kh kh s dng ca qu trnh sy l thuyt

v sy thc t:
Qua tnh ton v qua th v ta thy lng khng kh kh s dng cho qu
trnh sy thc t nh hn so vi lng khng kh kh s dng cho sy l thuyt, qua
ta nhn thy qu trnh sy t c hiu qu.
nh gi s khc nhau gia nhit lng cn gia nhit ca qu trnh sy l

thuyt v sy thc t.
Qua tnh ton v qua th v pha trn, ta nhn thy lng nhit s dng cho
qu trnh sy l thuyt tnh ton ln hn so vi lng nhit thc t ca qu trnh
sy. V vy ta c th ni qu trnh sy t c hiu qu nh mong mun.
nh gi s khc nhau v hm nhit ca khng kh sau khi ra khi thit b

ca qu trnh sy l thuyt v thc t.

Theo qu trnh sy l thuyt th hm nhitca khng kh khng thay i trong sut
qu trnh H=const, nhng trong thc t ta li nhn c khng kh vi hm nhit H2 <
H1
Nu cc nguyn nhn to nn s khc bit ca qu trnh sy l thuyt v

sy thc t.
Do gin RamzinH Y qu nh nn qu trnh tra cu hm nhit v hm m
thng qua nhit kh v nhit t c s chnh lch v khng c chnh xc .
Cc thao tc tin hnh th nghim, vn hnh my v c s liu thc nghim khng
chnh xc.
Mt s tc ng bi cc yu t ngoi cnh
Chnh v th dn n s khc bit trong qu trnh sy l thuyt v sy trong thc t.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

26

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

THP M

BI 3
I. MC CH TH NGHIM:

Kho st c tnh ng lc hc lu cht v kh nng hot ng ca thp m bng cch

xc nh:
-

nh hng ca vn tc kh v lng ln gim p sut ca dng kh qua ct.

S bin i ca h s ma st f ck trong ct theo chun s Reynolds Re c ca

dng kh v suy ra cc h thc thc nghim.

S bin i ca tha s lin h gia gim p ca dng kh khi ct kh v

khi ct t vi vn tc dng lng.

II. C S L THUYT
1. Cu to
Thp m l mt thp hnh tr gm nhiu gia on ni vi nhau bng mt bch hay hn.
Vt m y trong thp theo mt trong hai phng php: xp ngu nhin hay xp th
t.
Vt m s dng ph bin :
Vng Rasching
Vt m hnh yn nga
Vt m vng xon
2. S chuyn ng ca lu cht qua thp m
Khi cht lng chuyn ng t trn xung v pha kh chuyn ng t di c th
xy ra 4 ch thy lc:

Ch mng

Ch treo

Ch nh tng

Ch ko theo

3. gim p khi ct kh
PC Gn ( vi n=1.8-2)

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

27

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

lgPC/Z =nlgG lgZ

y l phng trnh ng thng c h s gc n
4. gim p khi ct kh
Trong giai on u lng cht lng b gi li trong thp l khng i theo tc
kh.Giai on k tip lng cht lng b gi li trong thp tng nhanh theo tc kh,
cc ch trng trong thp nh dn v gim p ca pha kh tng nhanh.
5. Tha s ma st FCK theo Rec khi ct kh

Tha s ma st fck l hm s theo chun s Re vi Re :

Rec = G*De/ = 4G/a
Trong : : nht ca dng kh, kg/m.s
Zhavoronkow xc nh c kh dng kh chuyn t ch chy tng sang
chy ri ng vi tr s Rec = 50. Trong vng chy ri 50< Re < 7000 vi ct chm
ngu nhin th
fck = 3.8/Re0.2
Trong vng chy dng Re < 50 th h s ma st c tnh:
fck = 140/Re
6. gim p Pc khi ct t

S lin h:

Pc = Pck
fc = fck

7. im lt ca ct chm
1 =
2 =

f ck .a.v 2 .. G

2 g . L
3

L
G

0.2

G
L

Trong : fck = c tnh t h thc lin h vi Re

= vn tc di ca kh ngay trc khi vo ct chm

= nht tng i ca cht lng so vi nc

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

28

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

IV. BO CO TH NGHIM:

Kt qu th nghim:
Bng 1: Kt qu th nghim trn ct kh:
STT

G (m3/h)

Pck (cmH2O)

4.0

3.84

3.5

2.91

3.0

2.13

2.5

1.59

2.0

0.85

1.5

0.42

Bng 2: Kt qu th nghim trn ct t:

Llng (l/h)

350

300

250

200

150

STT

G( m3/h)

4.0

Lt

Lt

39.2

39.6

40.8

3.5

Lt

28.3

28.7

29.5

30.4

3.0

Lt

21.0

21.2

22.4

22.8

2.5

14.5

15.2

15.4

15.8

16.3

2.0

8.5

8.7

8.9

9.2

9.3

1.5

3.6

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.3

Pc (mmH2O)

X l kt qu:
Cc cng thc s dng:
i n v:

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

29

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

1at = 10mH 2O = 103 cmH 2 O = 9.81104 Pa

9.81104
= 98.1Pa
103
m3
1 m3
1
=
h 3600 s
1cmH 2O =

d cot = 80mm = 0.08m

zcot = 1600mm = 1.6m

kk = 1.165

kg
m3

kk = 0.0185 103

kg
m.s

= 0.67

Vi : xp vt liu m
Din tch b mt ct chm:
F=

.dtd2 .( d ) 2 .(0.67 0.08)2

=
=
= 0.00226m 2
4
4
4

Cng thc tnh G (kg/m2.s)

G = .

Vi

Q
Kg
= 0.1432 Q 2
F
m .s

Q: Lu lng dng lu cht (m3/h)

Cng thc tnh Re:

4G
Re =
a

Vi:

a: din tch b mt ring ca vt chm, m3/m2; a = 360 m3/m2

Cng thc tnh fck: Do 50 < Re < 7000
fck =

3,8
Re 0, 2

Cng thc tnh fc:

fc = .fck
Vi =

Pcu
Pck

Bng kt qu tnh ton

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

30

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Kt qu tnh ton ct kh
G, kg/m2.s

Log G

0.5728

-0.24200

0.5012

Pck/Z,

log(P/Z)

Reck

fck

235.4400

2.3719

344.024

1.1816

-0.29999

178.4194

2.2514

301.021

1.2136

0.4296

-0.36694

130.5956

2.1159

258.018

1.2516

0.3580

-0.44612

97.4869

1.9889

215.015

1.2980

0.2864

-0.54303

52.1156

1.7170

172.012

1.3573

0.2148

-0.66797

25.7513

1.4108

129.009

1.4377

PHAN THNH CNG

Pa/ m

MSSV:07700521

31

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

th log (Pck/Z) theo log G

TH Log (PCK /Z) THEO Log G

Log (PCK/Z)

3.0
2.5
2.0

y = 2.2457x + 2.9364
2
R = 0.9934

1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

-0.8

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

Log G

th fck theo Re:

TH fck THEO Re

1.6
1.4

fck

1.2

y = -0.0012x + 1.5662
R2 = 0.971

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Re
PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

32

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Kt qu tnh ton ct t:
S lin h gia gim p kh Pc = .Pck vi:
STT

1.0208

1.0313

1.0625

0.9725

0.9863

1.0137

1.0447

0.9859

0.9953

1.0516

1.0704

0.9119

0.9560

0.9686

0.9937

1.0252

1.0000

1.0235

1.0471

1.0824

1.0941

0.8571

0.9762

1.0000

1.0000

1.0238

Kt qu tnh ton fc cho ct t

Llng (l/p)

5.833

5.000

4.167

3.333

2.500

STT

Rec

fc

344.024

1.20620

1.21851

1.25544

301.021

1.18021

1.19689

1.23025

1.26778

258.018

1.23394

1.24569

1.31620

1.33970

215.015

1.18375

1.24090

1.25723

1.28988

1.33070

172.012

1.35729

1.38922

1.42116

1.46906

1.48503

129.009

1.23229

1.40344

1.43767

1.43767

1.47190

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

33

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Kt qu tnh ton log (Pc /Z) cho ct t

Llng (l/ph)

5.833

5.000

4.167

3.333

2.500

STT

log G

log (Pc /Z)

-0.24200

240.3450

242.7975

250.1550

-0.29999

173.5144

175.9669

180.8719

186.3900

-0.36694

128.7563

129.9825

137.3400

139.7925

-0.44612

88.9031

93.1950

94.4213

96.8738

99.9394

-0.54303

52.1156

53.3419

54.5681

56.4075

57.0206

-0.66797

22.0725

25.1381

25.7513

25.7513

26.3644

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

34

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

th log (Pc /Z) theo log G

TH Log (Pc /Z) THEO Log G

3 .0

Log (Pc /Z)

2 .5

2 .0

1 .5

1 .0

0 .5

-0 .8

-0 .7
5 .8 3 3

-0 .6

-0 .5
5

-0 .4
4 .1 6 7

-0.3

-0 .2

3 .3 3 3

-0 .1

0 .0
0 .0

2 .5

Log G

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

35

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

BN LUN
-

Da vo th v s liu thc nghim ta thy:

o i vi ct kh: khi G tng th gim p tng theo ng thng.
o i vi ct t: khi G tng th gim p cng tng theo nhng chia thnh

tng vng r rt nh gin trong l thuyt cp. Khi lu lng lng

cng tng th ct cng d gn n im lt hn. T th thu c ta thy
vng sau im gia trng th gi tr P tng ln rt nhanh, t ngt. on
thng trong vng ny rt dc nn ta rt kh vn hnh ct chm ch nh
tng ny mc d ct chm hot ng tt nht ch .
-

Gin f theo Re c lp nhm biu din s ph thuc ca tr lc vo lu

lng ca dng lu cht. Trong th trn th ta li thy khi lu lng tng ln th
tr lc li gim dn, kt qu ny thu c do nh hng ca sai s trong qu trnh
th nghim. Nu bit mt trong hai gi tr Re hoc f th c th dng th c th
dng th xc nh gi tr cn li nh sau:
T gi tr f hoc Re bit k mt ng thng theo phng ngang hoc theo

phng ng, ct th f-Re ti mt im. T giao im , k mt ng thng vung

gc vi trc cn li th s xc nh c gi tr cn tm.
- S lin h gia cc i tng tng i gn vi d on. C th l cc mi lin h sau:
o Log( Pck/Z)-logG: l ph thuc tuyn tnh vi nhau theo ng thng

ging nh l thuyt nhn nh.

o Pc/Z-G cng gn nh c chia thnh hai hng r rt: vng di im

gia trng v vng trn im gia trng. vng di im gia trng th P

tng chm v u dn nn cc im ny thu c gn nh cng nm trn
mt ng thng. vng trn im gia trng th P tng nhanh, t ngt nn
on thng rt dc; nu tng lu lng lng v kh ln cao na th s tin
n im lt ca ct.
PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

36

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

o Log -L: hon ton ph thuc tuyn tnh vi nhau nn c th hin thnh

mt ng thng trn th. Ph hp vi l thuyt cp n.

Tuy nhin trong qu trnh lm th nghim cng c nhiu sai s. Nhng nguyn nhn c
th dn n sai s l do:
o Lu lng dng lng khng n nh.
o Lu lng dng kh khng n nh.
o Ct nc duy tr y ct khng m bo yu cu lm cho mc nc xm
nhp vo ng o chnh p lm nh hng n kt qu.
o Ma st gia dng kh c tc ln vi ng dn lm cho ng nng ln v
lm tng th tch kh lm tng p sut cng nh hng n chnh p.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

37

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

BI 5

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

CHNG GIN ON KHNG HON LU

I. MC CH TH NGHIM:
Kho st hiu sut thp chng khi tin hnh khng hi lu.
S bin i nng sn phm nh theo thi gian chng ct.

II. L THUYT TH NGHIM:

1. nh ngha hon lu:
Chng l phng php dng tch cc hn hp cht lng, kh lng thnh cc cu t
ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t trong hn hp (cng nhit , p
sut hi ca cc cu t khc)
Chng th dung mi v cht tan u bay hi, c c th ch c dung mi bay hi cn
cht tan khng bay hi
Khi chng trng hp 2 cu t ta s thu c sn phm nh gm cc cu t c
bay hi ln v mt phn rt t cu t c bay hi b, sn phm y gm cu t c
bay hi b v mt phn rt t c bay hi ln
2. Nguyn tc v s gin on khng hon lu:
Trong qu trnh chng n gin hi nc c ly ra ngay v cho ngng t.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

38

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

1. Cn bng vt cht
Xt qu trnh chng gin on, thnh phn v lng sn phm lun thay i theo thi
gian.
Lng hn hp u l

kg, thnh phn cu t d bay hi trong hn hp u l

Ti mt thi im bt k lng cht lng trong ni chng l

vi nng l . Khi

bc hi mt lng v cng nh dw th nng trong ni s gim i mt lng

lng cht lng cn li trong ni l
ti thi im ang xt l: (

-dW)( -

. Nh vy lng cu t d bay hi trong ni

)

Lng cu t d bay hi chuyn vo pha hi l: .

Phng trnh cn bng vt liu i vi cu t d bay hi thi im ang xt:

Lng

rt b ta c th b qua c, n gin i ta c:

Phng trnh cho ton b qu trnh l:

_

F =W + D

x F . F = xW .W + x . D

2. Cn bng nng lng:

Cn bng nhit ton thp:
QF +QK = QD +QW +Qm +Qng
QK = QD + QW +Qm +Qng -QF
QK: nhit lng cung cp cho ni un, W
Qm: nhit lng mt mt do mi trng xung quanh (W). c ly t 5% n 10%
nhit lng cn cung cp.
QF: nhit lng do dng nhp liu mang vo, W

QF = F .C PF .t F
PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

39

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

QD: nhit lng do dng sn phm nh mang ra, W

QD = D .C PD .t D

QW: nhit lng do dng sn phm y mang ra, W

_

QW = W .C PR .tW

Qng: nhit lng trao i trong thit b ngng t, W

_

Qng = D .rD

C PF , C PD , C PW : nhit lng ring ca nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y,

J/kg..
t F , t D , tW

: nhit ca nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y, 0C.

rD : nhit ha hi ca sn phm nh, kJ/kg

Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t:

i vi qu trnh ngng t khng lm lnh:
_

Qng = D .rD = G.C.(t r t v ) + Qm

i vi qu trnh ngng t lm lnh:

Qng = D .rD + D .C PD .(t S D t D ) = G.C.(t r tv ) + Qm

: nhit vo v ra ca nc, 0C
Trong : t v , t r
G: lu lng dng gii nhit, kg/s
C: nhit dung ring ca dng gii nhit, J/kg/
t S D : nhit si hn hp sn phm nh, 0C

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

40

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

PHAN THNH CNG

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

MSSV:07700521

41

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

M hnh chng ct:

H thng chng ct 7 mm xuyn l

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

42

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

TIN HNH TH NGHIM

-

Ha trn 5l hn hp nhp liu c nng 20 n 30 cn.

dung dch vo ni un qua np ni, o nng nhp liu mi ln vo v ly

gi tr trung bnh. Nh ng cht np ni.

M cng tc in chnh, n trng c kch hot.

M h thng nc gii nhit.

M cng tc tng bng cch m nt khn cp v nhn nt bm mu xanh.

Thit lp gi tr trn b iu khin PID ca lu lng dng nc gii nhit.

M in tr ni un.

Ci t gim p ca thp chng ct gi tr thp nht l 10mB trn b iu

khin PID.

Chuyn cng tc chia dng hon lu sang ch Reflux hi lu hon ton.

Sau khi t trng thi n nh (khong 30 n 45 pht) chuyn cng tc chia dng
hon lu sang ch Draw off khng hi lu hoanf ton v thu sn phm
nh.

i 15 pht, o th tch v nng sn phm thu c.

Ci t gi tr P mc bng 12mB v i thm khong 15 pht v ly mu o.

Tng t, tin hnh cc th nghim khc vi cc gi tr P khc nhau.

Lu : Trong mt s trng hp mc d gi tr nhit c theo thp chng ct

khng thay i nhng trng thi n nh cha th t c bi v gi tr thnh phn
ca cc pha thay i rt chm. V vy, thi gian lm vic ko di hn v d dng
xc nh thi gian ly mu ng vi mi 15 pht.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

43

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

III. BO CO TH NGHIM:

Kt qu th nghim nng v nng sut:

STT

(s)

vF (%V)

VF (lit)

21

5.000

15

18

30

P (mB)

vD (%V)

VD (lit)

4.495

10

66

0.345

15

3.990

12

43

0.400

40

10

3.640

14

20

0.270

50

3.309

16

11

0.240

60

8.5

2.969

18

0.250

G (l/h)

300

Kt qu th nghim nhit :
STT

T1 (0C)

T2 (0C)

T3 (0C)

T4 (0C)

T5 (0C)

T7 (0C)

T8 (0C)

90.0

82.5

32.3

32.1

32.4

29.7

29.8

95.9

95.8

91.9

92.6

93.1

29.6

31.8

98.7

98.6

96.1

96.5

96.4

29.7

32.3

99.7

99.8

96.9

98.0

97.6

29.6

32.2

100.3

100.3

97.0

98.6

98.4

29.6

32.2

100.5

100.5

97.1

98.9

98.9

29.6

32

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

44

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

X l kt qu:
Cc cng thc tnh ton v s liu tra cu:
Cng thc ni suy:
f ( x) =

( x a ) [ f (a ) f (b) ]
(b a )

+ f (b)

S dng cng thc ni suy trn tnh t trng ca dung dch cn cc nng th
tch khc nhau.
Tnh ton lng nhp liu (Kg):
F = VF .vF .d1000 + VF .(1 vF ).dH 2O

Vi :

vF : (%V) cn
d1000 : T trng ca cn 1000 nhit cn xt.
d H 2O : T trng ca nc nhit cn xt.

Nng nhp liu (Kg/Kg)

xF =

VF .vF .d 1000
F

Tnh ton lng sn phm nh (Kg):

D = VD .vD .d1000 + VD .(1 vD ).dH 2O

Nng sn phm nh (Kg/Kg)

xD =

VD .vD .d 1000
D

Tnh ton lng sn phm y (Kg):

w = Vw .vw .d1000 + Vw .(1 vw ).d H 2O

Nng sn phm y (Kg/Kg)

xw =

Vw .vw .d 1000

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

45

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Kt qu tra cu t trng (d, ly 300) theo nng % th tch cn trong dung

dch v nhit dung ring (Cp, ly 410C) ly theo C%.

Nhit dung ring (Cp)

% Th tch

T trng (d)

100
66
43
21
20
18
15
10
9

0.7807500
0.8538262
0.9032600
0.9505447
0.9526940
0.9569926
0.9634405
0.9741870
0.9763363

J/Kg.
2600.000
3100.000
3663.000
4274.683
4280.264
4231.000
4273.360
4272.000
4272.300

H2 O

0.9956800

4180.520

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

46

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Bng kt qu tnh ton:

1. Kt qu tnh ton cn bng vt cht:
xF

xD

xW

Kg/Kg

Kg

Kg/Kg

Kg/Kg

Kg

Kg

0.17249

4.75272

0.17249

4.75272

0.17249

4.75272

0.60047

0.14685

0.29606

4.45480

0.06474

0.14685

4.30168

0.36991

0.12156

0.36303

3.94529

0.08648

0.12156

3.84413

0.16316

0.08014

0.25839

3.62398

0.05898

0.08014

3.54604

0.08796

0.07197

0.23433

3.31954

0.06600

0.07197

3.23070

0.03946

0.06790

0.24731

2.98990

0.07746

STT

F
ln
W

2. Kt qu tnh ton cn bng nng lng:

G

Qng

QF

QW

QD

QK

Kg/h

kJ/h

kJ/h

kJ/h

kJ/h

kJ/h

STT
1
2

3035.05737 1948.3415
BIN I
NNG TRONG1805.6634
QU TRNH85.4460
CHNG

4000

3 gian (s)
Thi
3500
300
3000
4

6874.5082

3586.88599

1817.2973

1662.3605

128.1914

7194.7352

3586.88599

1621.5710

1545.0661

107.8042

6861.3273

3586.88599

1519.8969

1422.4632

98.6929

6627.9389

3310.97168

1387.0544
1256.1834
Sn phm nh

103.4873

6057.6968

2500

2000
1500

1000
500

TH XC NH S BIN I NNG SN PHM Y V NH THEO

0
0.00

THI0.10
GIAN.

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

Sn phm y
PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

47
Nng (Kg/Kg)

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

TH BIU DIN S BIN I NHIT LNG NI UN THEO TINH

KHIT SN PHM NH.

0.7

NHIT LNG NI UN THEO TINH KHIT SN PHM

Nng (Kg/Kg)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
6,000

6,200

6,400

6,600

6,800

7,000

7,200

7,400

Nhit lng kJ/h

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

48

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

BIN I S MM THEO GIM P:

BIN I S MM THEO GIM P

0.10

Ln(F/W)
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

gim p (mB)

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

49

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

IV. BN LUN:

Qua s liu thc nghim ta thu c trn bng s liu ta thy: nng ca sn

phm nh v c sn phm y u gim theo thi gian chng. Ban u nng ca

dung dch trong ni un l cao nht nn mt thi giant a thu c sn phm nh c
nng cao nht, nhng sau nhng khong thi gian ly mu, nng trong ni
un (hay sn phm y) gim dn v th cho nn nng ca sn phm nh cng
gim theo s gim nng y.

Qua tnh ton v qua th v ta c th nhn thy rng: tinh khit ca

sn phm nh gim (nng sn phm nh gim dn) th nhit lng cn cung

cp cho ni un cng gim dn, nhng s gim ca nhit lng t hn so vi s
gim dn tinh khit sn phm nh, ta c th thy c iu qua th v,
ng bin i gn nh l mt ng thng ng.

ng dng ca qu trnh chng gin on: Dng tch hn hp, trong cc

cu t c bay hi khc nhau, tuy nhin qu trnh ny ch dng tch s b hoc

dng lm sch cc cu t khi tp cht.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

50

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

BI 8

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

CHNG LIN TC

I.MC CH TH NGHIM
Qu trnh chng lin tc nhm kho st s nh hng ca cc thng s sau
Lu lng dng nhp liu

Nhit dng nhp liu

V tr nhp liu (3 v tr khc nhau)
Lu lng dng chuyn ngng trong thp chng ct
Ch s hi lu
II. L THUYT TH NGHIM

1. Nguyn tc lm vic ca thp

Hi i di ln qua cc l ca a, cht lng chy t trn xung di theo cc ng
chy chuyn. nng cc cu t thay i theo chiu cao ca thp, nhit si cng thay
i tng ng vi s thay i nng .
Trn a mt cht lng cha cu t d bay hi nng x1, hi bc ln t a c
nng cn bng vi x1 l y1, (y1>x1), hi qua cc l i ln a 2 tip xc vi cht lng
. Nhit ca a 2 thp hn a 1 cho nn mt phn hi c ngng li, do nng
x2 l x2>x1. Hi bc ln t a 2 c nng tng ng cn bng vi x2 l y2. Hi t a
2 ln a 3 v nhit a 3 thp hn, hi ngng tu li mt phn, do cht lng trn
a 3 c nng x3>x2.
Trn mi a xy ra qu trnh chuyn khi gia pha lng v pha hi. Do mt phn
cu t d bay hi chuyn t pha lng vo pha hi v mt phn t hn chuyn t pha hi
vo pha lng, lp li nhiu ln bc hi v ngng t nh dy, hay ni mt cch khc, mt
s a tng ng, cui cng trn nh thp ta thu c cu t d bay hi dng nguyn
cht v y thp ta thu uc cu t kh bay hi dng nguyn cht.
Theo l thuyt th mi a ca thp l mt bc thay i nng : thnh phn hi khi
ri khi a bng thnh phn cn bng vi cht lng khi i vo a. Do theo l thuyt
PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

51

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

th s a bng s bc thay i nng . Thc t th trn mi a qu trnh chuyn khi

gia 2 pha thng khng t c cn bng

2. Cn bng vt cht
Phng trnh cn bng cho ton thp
F=W+ D
F.xF=W.xW + D.xD
F, W, D: sut lng nhp liu, sn phm y v nh, kmol/h
xF, xW, xD: phn mol ca cu t d bay hi trong nhp liu, sn phm y v nh

3. Phng php Mc Cabe-Theile

Phng php Mc Cabe-Theile thch hp cho nhiu trng hp c tn tht nhit v
nhit dung dung ring khng ln. C s ca phng php ny l xem gn ng ng
lm vic phn chng v phn ct l ng thng, tc l chng ta tha nhn mt s gi
thuyt sau:
S mol ca pha hi i t di ln bng nhau trong tt c tit din ca thp.
Hn hp u vo thp nhit si
Cht lng nhng trong thit b ngng c thnh phn bng thnh phn hi ra khi nh
thp
un si y thp bng hi t gin tip
S mol cht lng khng i theo chiu cao ca on ct v chng
a. Ch s hi lu (hon lu)
Ch s hi lu l t s gia lu lng dng hon lu (L0) v lu lng dng sn phm
nh (D)

Ch s hi lu thch hp (R) c xc nh thng qua ch s hi lu ti thiu (R min) v

quan h theo phng trnh sau:
b. Phng trnh ng lm vic
Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on ct

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

52

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng

, lng hn hp nhp liu so vi sn phm nh

4. Cn bng nng lng

a. Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b gia nhit nhp liu:

Vi

Qnl : Nhit lng cn cung cp, W

CPF : Nhit lng ring hn hp nhp liu, W
tFv, tFr : Nhit nhp liu v ra khi thit b, 0C

b. Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t:

Nu qu trnh ngng t khng lm lnh.
Qng = D.( R + 1).rD = G.C.(tr tv ) + Qm

Nu qu trnh ngng t c lm lnh.

Qng = D.( R + 1).rD + D.( R + 1).CPD .(tS D tD ) = G.C.(tr tv ) + Qm

tv, tr : Nhit vo v ra ca nc, 0C

G : Lu lng dng gii nhit, kg/s
C : Nhit dung ring ca dng nhp liu, J/Kg.
TSD : Nhit si hn hp sn phm nh, 0C
c. Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b lm lnh.
Lm lnh sn phm nh
QIID = D.CPD .(tS D tD ) = G1.C.(tr tv ) + Qm

Lm lnh sn phm y
QIIw = D.CPw .(tS w t w ) = G2 .C.(tr tv ) + Qm
C PF , C PD , C PW : nhit lng ring ca nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y,

J/mol..
PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

53

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

t F , t D , tW

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

: nhit ca nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y, 0C.

rD : nhit ha hi ca sn phm nh, kJ/kmol

d. Cn bng nhit lng ton thp

QF +QK+QL0 = QD +QW +Qm +Qng
QK = QD + QW +Qm +Qng -QF-QL
QK: nhit lng cung cp cho ni un, W
Qm: nhit lng mt mt do mi trng xung quanh (W). c ly t 5% n 10%
nhit lng cn cung cp.
QF: nhit lng do dng nhp liu mang vo, W

QF = F .C PF .t F

QD: nhit lng do dng sn phm nh mang ra, W

QD = D .C PD .t D

QW: nhit lng do dng sn phm y mang ra, W

_

QW = W .C PR .tW

Qng: nhit lng trao i trong thit b ngng t, W

_

Qng = D .rD

QL0 : Nhit lng do dng hon lu mang vo, W

QL0 = L0 .CPD .tD

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

54

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

TIN HNH TH NGHIM

Trong qu trnh chng ct lin tc, nhp liu cho vo thit b bng mt bm
nhp liu vi lu lng l hng s. nhit nhp liu cng duy tr khng i khi i qua
thit b gia nhit.
u tin pha trn dung dch trong bnh cha nhp liu vi nng khong 20 n
30 cn.

M cng tc in chnh, n trng c kch hot.

M h thng nc gii nhit.

M cng tc tng bng cch m nt kha cn thn v nhn nt bm mu xanh.

Thit lp gi tr trn b iu khin PID ca lu lng dng nc gii nhit.

M van nhp liu v tr thp nht, iu chnh lu lng bm nhp liu vi hiu
sut 100%, s vng quay ti a, sau m bm a nhp liu vo ni un.
Khi lng lng trong ni un (n cnh bo in tr gia nhit ni un khng
cn sng) th ngng bm nhp liu.

M in tr ni un.

Ci t gim p ca thp chng ct gi tr l 20mB trn b iu khin PID.

Chuyn cng tc chia dng hon lu sang ch Reflux, hi lu hon ton.

i trng thi n nh (khong 30 n 45 pht).

Khi trng thi n nh t c, ly sn phm nh, bng cch chuyn cng tc chia
dng hon lu sang ch Draw off, o nng sn phm nh.

Xc nh ch s hi lu ti thiu.

Xc nh nhit si ca nhp liu.

Ci t nhit si nhp liu trn b iu khin ca thit b gia nhit nhp liu.

Khi nhit nhp liu gn bng nhit si ca nhp liu tin hnh m bm, van

nhp liu v iu chnh lu lng 6 lit/gi.

M van thu sn phm nh v thu sn phm y.

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

55

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Ci t gi tr t s hi lu gi tr thp nht bng 1,5 ln gi tr t s hi lu ti thiu

bng cch ci t t s hi lu bng cch iu khin cng tc chia dng v tr Cycle

v ci t chu k ly mu 10 giy v phn trm thi gian cho dng hon lu.

Sau 10 pht, tho ht dung dch trong bnh cha sn phm nh v y.

o lu lng sn phm nh bng phng php th tch v nng sn phm nh

Ghi cc thng s nng , nhit vo trong bng s liu.

Ln lt ci t gi tr t s hi lu bng 1.75; 2; 2.25; 2.5; .,75; 3 ln ch s hi lu

ti thiu.

Ch quan st hin tng xy ra trong thit b ngng t v iu chnh lu lng

dng gii nhit vo trong thit b.

Khi bnh cha hn hp nhp liu ht th ngng qu trnh.

Theo di s bin i cc thng s:

Bin i nhit trong sut thi gian lm vic v gii thch
Kt qu o thnh phn dng sn phm y v sn phm nh
Kim tra phng trnh cn bng vt cht
Kt qu o lu lng khi lng dng sn phm kg/ gi
Ch lu lng dng lm lnh v nhit nc vo v ra khi thp

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

56

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

III. BO CO TH NGHIM:

Kt qu th nghim nng v nng sut:

STT

Mm

vF (%V)

vD (%V)

VD (ml)

16.9

95

180

19.6

98

130

22.4

97.5

110

25.2

98

110

28

98

110

30.8

98

110

33.6

98

110

NL

VF (lit/h)

10

G (l/h)

350

Kt qu th nghim nhit :
STT

T1 (0C)

T2 (0C)

T3 (0C)

T4 (0C)

T5 (0C)

T6 (0C)

T7 (0C)

T8 (0C)

96.3

88.8

78.3

78.2

77.4

91.5

29.6

32.6

98

95.6

78.5

78.2

77.4

92

29.6

33

97.4

71.9

78.2

77

93.1

29.6

32.1

97.2

92.1

79

78.2

77.4

92.8

29.6

32.2

97.1

92.8

78.9

78.2

77.4

90.9

29.7

32.6

96.4

89.7

78.3

78.1

77.3

91.5

29.7

32.9

96.4

88.6

78.1

78

77.2

91.4

29.6

33.1

92.2

X l kt qu:
Cc cng thc tnh ton v s liu tra cu:
Cng thc ni suy:

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

57

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

f ( x) =

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

( x a ) [ f (a ) f (b) ]
(b a )

+ f (b)

Tnh ton lng nhp liu (Kg):

F = VF .vF .d1000 + VF .(1 vF ).dH 2O
= 6 0.1 0.78075 + 6 (1 0.1) 0.99568
= 5.845122 Kg

Vi :

vF : (%V) cn
d1000 : T trng ca cn 1000 nhit cn xt.
d H 2O : T trng ca nc nhit cn xt.

Lng nhp liu F (mol/h)

F=
=

VF .vF .d1000 + VF .(1 vF ).dH 2O

vF .M C2 H 5OH + (1 vF ).M H 2O

6 0.1 0.78075 + 6 0.9 0.99568

= 0.281(mol / h)
0.1 46 + 0.9 18

Nng nhp liu (Kg/Kg)

xF =

VF .vF .d 1000
F

6 0.1 0.78075
= 0.08014( Kg / Kg )
5.845122

Nng phn mol ca nhp liu:

xF
0.08014
MA
46
xF =
=
= 0.033(mol / mol )
xF 1 xF 0.08014 + 0.91986
+
46
18
MA
MB

Tnh ton lng sn phm nh (Kg):

D = VD .vD .d1000 + VD .(1 vD ).dH 2O

Lng sn phm nh D (mol/h)

D=

VD .vD .d1000 + VD .(1 vD ).dH 2O

vD .M C2 H 5OH + (1 vD ).M H 2O

Nng sn phm nh (Kg/Kg)

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

58

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

xD =

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

VD .vD .d 1000
D

Nng phn mol ca sn phm nh:

xD
MA
xD =
xD 1 xD
+
MA
MB

Tnh ton lng sn phm y (Kg):

w = Vw .vw .d1000 + Vw .(1 vw ).d H 2O = mF mD

Lng sn phm nh W (mol/h)

w=FD

Nng sn phm y (Kg/Kg)

F .xF = D.xD + w.xw
xw =

F .xF D.xD
w

Tnh ton Rmin :

Rmin =

xD yF*
= 11.2
yF* xF

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

59

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Kt qu tra cu t trng (d, ly 300) theo nng % th tch cn trong

dung dch v nhit dung ring (Cp, ly 410C) ly theo C%.
Nhit dung ring (Cp)

% Th tch

T trng (d)

100
98
97.5

0.7807500
0.7850495
0.7861233

J/Kg.
2600.000
2913.744
2920.564

95

0.791497

2941.026

10

0.9741870

4272.000

H2 O

0.9956800

4180.520

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

60

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Bng kt qu tnh ton:

1. Tnh cn bng vt cht:
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

xF

xD

xW

mol/mol

mol/h

mol/mol

mol/mol

0.281

0.8536
0.9376
0.9229
0.9376
0.9376
0.9376
0.9376

0.0255
0.0280
0.0291
0.0291
0.0291
0.0291
0.0291

0.033

R
16.8
19.6
22.4
25.2
28.0
30.8
33.6

mol/h

mol/h

0.0319
0.0224
0.0191
0.0190
0.0190
0.0190
0.0190

0.2704
0.2702
0.2700
0.2700
0.2700
0.2700
0.2700

2. Tnh s mm l thuyt:
STT

16.8

19.6

22.4

25.2

28.0

30.8

33.6

ng lm vic phn

ng lm vic phn

chng

ct

21.7
37.5
x+
17.8
17.8
73.75
52.75
y=
x+
20.6
20.6
85.83
62.43
y=
x+
23.4
23.4
88.72
62.52
y=
x+
26.2
26.2
88.72
62.52
y=
x+
26.2
26.2
88.72
62.52
y=
x+
26.2
26.2
88.72
62.52
y=
x+
26.2
26.2

16.8
0.0255
x+
17.8
17.8
19.6
0.0280
y=
x+
20.6
20.6
22.4
0.0291
y=
x+
23.4
23.4
25.2
0.0291
y=
x+
26.2
26.2
28.0
0.0291
y=
x+
29.0
29.0
30.8
0.0291
y=
x+
31.8
31.8
33.6
0.0291
y=
x+
34.6
34.6

PHAN THNH CNG

y=

MSSV:07700521

H%

y=

61

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

Kt qu tnh ton cn bng nng lng:

G

Qng

QF

QW

QD

QIID

QK

Kg/h

348.49

4856.2035
5503.6973
4046.8363
4208.7097
4694.3301
5179.9504
5665.5708

2507.2712
2551.5325
2535.9109
2530.7036
2528.1000
2509.8748
2509.8748

2251.4223
2442.1629
2362.1258
2359.6155
2377.5496
2298.1272
2269.9450

36.0345
25.8129
21.7586
21.8417
21.8417
21.8135
21.7853

2.1839
1.7730
1.1046
1.1472
1.2796
1.4120
1.5443

7401.6931
8082.8157
6605.6103
6762.4023
7245.5514
7713.0507
8198.7752

TH:

TH QUAN H xw V xD

QUAN H GIA xW V xD.

xW (mol/mol)

0.27050

0.27040

0.27030

0.27020

0.27010

0.27000

0.26990
0.84

0.86

0.88

0.90

0.92

0.94

0.96

xD (mol/mol)

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

62

TRUNG TM MY, THIT B

THC HNH TRUYN KHI

TH QUAN H QK THEO R.

TH QUAN H QK THEO R.

QK (W)

9000

7500

6000

4500
3000

1500

0
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

PHAN THNH CNG

MSSV:07700521

63