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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

I/NGUYEN LIEU 1. Nguyn liu chnh: c chua 1.1Nguon goc va xuat x cua ca chua: -Ten tieng Anh: tomato -Ten khoa hoc:Lycopersium aseulentum Mill -Thuoc ho ca: Solanaceae Trong suot 3 the k, ca chua c xem la qua oc, cam trong vung Andes xa xoi Nam M,ca chua c ngi Tay Ban Nha em ve Chau Au vao the k 16 va goi ten trong tieng tho dan M .Cc nh thc vt hc xp c chua vo h c chung nhm vi loi c gy c cht ngi.V th h ch trng lm cnh.C chua c nhp vo Italia th th k th 17 v khng lu sau ngi ta nh gi ng u im ca n.Ngi Italya gi c chua l Pomidoro c ngha l qu to vng. Cui th k 18, c chua c a vo nc Nga.Ch n u th k 20 c chua mi c trng nhiu trn khp th gii.Cng vo u th k 20 c chua mi c ngi Php di thc vo Vit Nam. Cy c chua c ngun gc t Chu M.Theo nghin cu ca Decandole (1884), Miulereo(1940), Jenkin(1948) th c chua trng hin nay c ngun gc t Peru,Ecuado, Bolivia, qun o ty An , Philipin. Theo Decandole, Var.Cerasiforme l ngun gc t tin ca c chua trng, bin chng ny ph bin dng di(Peru,Mexico).Schiemahn da vo c s nghin cu di truyn xc nh Var.racemigerum c quan h mt thit vi c chua trng v cho rng n l t tin ca c chua trng.Ngy nay vic trng c chua rt ph bin. Chu , c chua ph bin Trung Quc v cc nc ng Nam (vo th k 17), v cng tr thnh mt loi rau qu quan trng nht tt c cc nc
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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

trn th gii v ngy cng c qu trng. Vit Nam, c chua c trng khp cc tnh ng bng Bc B v mt s vng cao. 1.2.Cu to v phn loi: *Cu to: -Nhn chung c chua v mt cu to qu c chua u c: +80-93% cm qu v dch qu +4-10% v v li +2-7% ht -Qu c chua bao gm lp v mng , tht qu, dch qu v ngn ng ht. trong ngn ng ht c ph mt lp keo nhn. l cht c nhiu gi tr dinh dng nht, nhng vch cu cc ngn ht trong v ngoi gi l tht qu. -S lng ngn c t 2-20 ngn trong mt qu, ty theo tng ging c chua.S ngn cng nhiu, tht qu s cng gim. da ca vch ngn c nh hng n cht lng c.Bn trong cc vch ngn c cha nhiu cht kh l glucid.ty tng loi sn phm ch bin m ta s chn c chua thch hp. *Phn loi: Da theo kch thc ngi ta chia c chua thnh: +Loi nh:trng lng 70 g +Loi trung bnh:70-100 g +Loi ln :100 g. -Trn khp th gii, ngy nay ngi ta ang trng hng trm loi c chua khc nhau.C loi qu ch nng 25 g nhng c loi qu nng ti 220 g, c loi qu da cam, c loi qu vng , loi qu hng rc r vi nhiu hnh dng khc nhau trn, thon, di, dtc chua c cht lng tt th hin kch thc va phi, thnh qu dy , t ht, kh cao 6-8%.Da vo gi tr s dng v dng qu,c th chia c chua lm 3 nhm ging: +C chua hng:L loi c chua c trng ph bin hin nay.Qu c hnh dng nh qu hng, khng c mi hoc c mi.Cht lng n ti, ch bin cng nh
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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

nu nng cao do tht qu c, nhiu ht, lng ng cao.Phn ln trong nhm ny l cc ging c lai to, chn lc trong nc v mt s ging nhp ni. +C chua mi:Qu to, nhiu ngn r rt, to thnh mi.Phn ln cc ging c chua thuc loi ny thuc dng sinh trng v hn, c thi gian sinh trng di, nng sut v kh nng chng chu kh nhng cht lng qu km so vi c chua hng. +C chua nh:Cc ging a phng thng c gi l c chua bi.Gp ri rc cc vng ni cao v quen bin min trung.Chng c lng acid kh cao, ht nhiu nhng kh nng chng chu kh nn c lm vt liu to ging. -Mt s ging c chua c trng nc ta: +Ging c chua lai FT7 +Ging c chua HP5 +Ging c chua Ba Lan +Ging c chua Phn Lan +Ging c chua HT21 +Ging c chua SB3 +Ging c chua HP1 +Ging c chua SB2 +Ging c chua S 7 +Ging c chua P375 +Ging c chua PT18 1.3.Gi tr dinh dng ca c chua C chua l mt loi qu c s dng rt nhiu trong vic ch bin cc mn n v n c gi tr dinh dng cao, nhiu khong cht v vitamin. *Hm lng sinh t: Khi c chua chn mu ti ca c chua cho thy hm lng vitamin A thin nhin trong c chua cao, trung bnh 100g c chua chn ti s p ng c 13% nhu cu hng ngy v vitamin A, B6, C.Ngoi ra, cn c vitamin B1, B2.
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GVHD:LU MAI HNG *Cht b dng:

NECTAR C CHUA

Trong 100g phn n c cha nc 94g, cht m 1g, cht bo 0.2g, cht bt l 3.6g.Gi tr nng lng tng ng 80 KJ/100g. *Khong vi lng: Ca, Fe, P, S, NiCc acid hu c vi dng mui, citrate, malat. *Lycopen: Hm lng cht ny c nhiu hay t trong c chua ty thuc vo chng loi v chn. C chua tht th c 100g c khong 50mg lycopen, cn nu mu vng th t hn khong 5mg.C th con ngi khng th t tng hp c lycopen m ch hp thu cht ny t thc phm hoc qua cc dc phm c cha lycopen. V ha hc,lycopen thuc loi carotenoid, c kh nng chng oxy ha mnh, so vi -Caroten n mnh gp 2 ln v gp 100 ln so vi vitamin E.Thng trong c th chng ta tn ti mt cht chng oxy ha nhm ngn cn s hnh thnh cc gc t do, to thnh mt ngng cn bng rt mong manh.Lycopen hoat ng nh mt cht chng oxy ha cc mnh trong c th, chng li nhng tc hi ca cc gc t do, khi phc nhng t bo b tn hi, tiu dit nhng phn t thoi ha.Kim ch qu trnh oxy ha ca ADNQua lycopen c tc dng trong mt s bnh:ung th, lo ha, nhi mu c tim 1.4.Thnh phn ha hc ca qu c chua C chua cha nhiu glucoancoloit trong tomatin chim thnh phn ch yu.Tomatin c Fotuine v cng s chit c ln u tin vo nm 1948 Bng thnh phn ha hc Thnh Phn Tinh bt Xenluloza Protein Cht bo Khong ng Na Hm Lng < 0.1% 0.7 5 1.9 g 0.1 g 0.6 g 3.6 g 45.8 mg
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GVHD:LU MAI HNG K Cu S Cl P Mn Canxi Fe Acid Oxalic Caroten a.Cht kh: 114 mg 0.19 mg 24 mg 38 mg 36 mg 15 mg 24.7 mg% 1.3 mg 31 mg 1.9 mg%

NECTAR C CHUA

-Hm lng cht kh trong c chua ph thuc vo loi nguyn liu v iu kin trng trt, chim khong 4-8%.Trong thnh phn cht kh bao gm: +ng 2-5%, phn ln l glucoza, cn saccharose chim rt t (< 0.5%) +Tinh bt:ch c dng vt khong 0.07-0.26%.Trong qu trnh chn, tinh bt s chuyn thnh ng +Cellulose:c nhiu trong qu xanh, cng chn th hm lng cng gim dn b. acid - acid chung ca c chua chn trung bnh khong 0.4%(theo acid malic). acid hoat ng trong khong pH 3.1-4.1, ngoi ra cn c acid citric v lng nh acid tatric -Khi cn xanh, acid dng t do.khi chn c dng mui acid. c.Nito -Nito trong c chua khong 1%.Lc cn xanh nito dng t do.Khi chn n b phn hy thnh acid amin d.Khong:Ca 10mg%, P 36 mg, Fe 1.3 mg% v cc loi khc e.Cht cht: c chua thng c v ng, hng . l do c cha glucozit solanin.S lng solanin theo chn bn di: C Chua Solanin Xanh 4 mg% ng 5 mg% Chn 8 mg%

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

f.Sc t:Trong c chua thng c sc t thuc nhm carotenoid nh carotene, lycopen, xantophyl. qu xanh cn c chlophyll.Ty theo mc chn m cc sc t kia tng dn nn mu ca qu tr nn m hn. Sc t c chua Lycopen Carotene Xantophyl g.Vitamin (tnh theo mg%) Cn xanh 0.11 0.16 0.02 Na chn 0.84 0.43 0.05 Chn 7.85 0.73 0.06

Vitamin C tng i ln Caroten 20-40 1.2-1.6

B1 0.08-0.15

B2 0.05-0.07

PP 0.5-15.5

K 50

h.Cc thnh phn khc:C chua cha pentaza, khi cng chn enzyme ny cng nhiu. 11.Chc nng v thnh phn dinh dng ca c chua a.Thnh phn dinh dng ca c chua: Cc nh khoa hc nghin cu, pht hin trong 100 g c chua chn c cha hm lng cc thnh phn dinh dng nh sau: Nng Lng m Cht Bo ng X Chlesterol Sinh T A Vitamin B1 VitaminB2 Vitamin C Vitamin E Sinh T PP Sinh T Ca Sinh T P Sinh T K Sinh T Na Sinh T Mg Sinh T Fe Sinh T Zn Sinh T Cu Sinh T Mn 19 Kcal 0.9 g 0.2 g 4g 0.5 g 0 92 RE 0.03 mg 0.03 mg 19 mg 0.57 mg 10 mg 23 mg 163 mg 5.0 mg 9 mg 0.4 mg 0.13 mg 6 0.15 mg 0.06 mg 0.08 mg

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

b.Chc nng ca c chua -Cung cp nng lng(Kcal):C chua l loi thc phm cha rt t nng lng.100g c chua ch cha 19 kcal, ch bng 1/35 lng Kcal c trong lng tht b tng ng.V th ph n n c chua c th gi c thn hnh thon p. -Cung cp nc:Mi ngi hng ngy c 9l nc tun hon trong c th, mun tiu ha c thc n cn phi c nc.70% c th con ngi l nc.i b phn lng nc trong c th l do qu trnh phn gii, dch tiu ha v dch mt m c.Nhng cn 1/3 nhu caaquf nc phi b sung t bn ngoi.Trong thc n l ngun b sung chnh.C 100g c chua cha 95 g nc cho nn n 1 qu c chua bng ung 1/3 tch tr.Quan im ca ng y cho rng: c chua c v ngt, c tc dng thanh nhit, gii c, mt mu, nh gan, chng kht, gii phin.Do c chua c th tr c cc bnh vim nhit, ng ming, kh mt. -Cht m:Cht m l thnh phn ch yu duy tr s sng ca con ngi.Mi ngi chng ta mi ngy cn ti 60-70 g cht m.Nu n nhiu m ng vt s
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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

tng gnh nng cho d dy, rut , thn, ng thi lm tht thot caxi gy bnh long xng.100 g tht b cha 20 g m.nhng trong 100 g c chua ch cha 0.9 g cht m.Do n c chua gip thng bng c lng m chng qu ti cho c th -Cht bo:Cc chuyn gia khuyn co mi ngy c th thu nhn cht bo khng c vt qu 25% ca tng nhit lng, vt qu ngng s dn n cc loi bnh.Trong 100 g c chua ch c 0.2 g cht bo.Cn 100 g tht ln cha ti 37 g cht bo.V th chng ta c th n c chua mt cch thoi mi m khng s tha cht bo. -Cht x:Cht x trong thc phm cn thit cho nhu ng rut.N gip cho c th thanh tr v bi tit ra ngoi nhng cn b v nhng cht c hi trong thc phm.Mt ngi vi th trng 60kg mi ngy nn n khong 25 g cht x vi i tin c d dng.i vi ngi ln mi ngy nn n 500 g rau xanh v c th t c yu cu ny.An nhiu c chua rt c li cho nhu ng rut. -Cht ng:l ngun sinh nng lng cho c th,ngun ng m chng ta n hng ngy c t ng cc.Cht ng trong c chua khng cao nhng n li hm cha glucose lm cho c th d tip nhn. -Vitamin C:Hm lng vitamin c c trong c chua rt phong ph, c th gp 2-4 ln so vi to, chui, nho ,l. -Vitamin E:C chc nng chng oxy ha, chng lo ha.An c thng xuyn s b sung lng vitamin E v gi c ln da mn mng. -Cht khong:khong cht l thnh phn ch yu to xng, rng , c bp, t bo huyt cu.ng thi cn iu tit c nng , sinh l v duy tr s thng bng gia acid v kim trong c th.Trong c chua cha nhiu nguyn t khong cht nh Ca, Fe, K, S C chua ngoi chc nng l rau qu,thc phm hng u ra,n cn l mt v thuc.Cht kim trong c chua c chc nng c ch cc loi vi khun v trc khun.Hm lng acid chanh v acid to ca n gip d dy tiu ha v li tiu.c bit trong c chua c cht lycopene mu l mt loi cht rt quan trng
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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

i vi sc khe con ngi.N c c tnh chng lo ha, bo v tim mch,chng ung th.

2..Nguyn liu ph: Nc


2.1.Nc: t yu cu: Hm lng mui canxi: 130-200mg/l Hm lng mui Magie: 100mg/l Hm lng mui Clorua: 75- 150 mg/l Hm lng Fe+2 : 0,3 mg/l Hm lng permanganate: 20 mg/l Kh NH3: khng c pH= 5.5-8.5 nhng tt nht l 6.2-6.5. Cht khng 5-8% NO2, NH3: khng c php c. NO3: khng ln hn 50mg/l Tng s vi khun hiu kh khng ln hn 100 t bo/cm3 nc E.coli: khng c php c Cm quan: nc trong, khng mi v l Thc t nc dng trong sn xut hin nay nc ta ph bin nht c hai ngun : nc cp t cc nh my cp nc sinh hot v nc ging -Nu l nc sinh hot, phi x l s b lm gim pH v hm lng chlorine d,... -Nu l nc ging th phi x l tn b t n tiu chun nc k thut . V trong nc ging c nhiu hm lng cc mui ho tan trong nc dng ion : HCO3-, CO32-, SO42-, NO2-, NO3-, SiO32-, Fe2+, Mn2+, ... nh hng xu n qu trnh sn xut. 2.2ng:

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

ng l hn hp hydro,oxy v cacbon cc phn t ng glucose v fructoso kt hp vi nhau to thnh ng 68% ng ly t ma cn li t c ci ng. ng saccharose l mt loi dissaccaride cu to t glucose v fructose lin kt vi nhau nh 2 nhm OH glucozit ca chng, khng c tnh kh Mi v :ngt, khng c mi v l Mu sc: tinh th ng c mu ng nh, v khi pha trong nc ct cho dung dch c mu trong sut V ng c v ngt nn lm du v mn ca mui tinh Yu cu ng trong ch bin theo tcvn- 6859 Ht c tinh th mu trng Kch thc tng i ng u Tinh th ng c v ngt, khng c v l Cng dng Tng kh nng kh mi ca mi trng, cung cp cht dinh dng cho vi khn c kh nng kh nitraat thnh nitrit Bo v cht kh cjho6ng1 vic gia tng hm lng nc cu sn phm Ngoi ra ng cn c kh nng lm du v mn ca mui Tiu chun dng ng : Cc ch tiu Hnh dng Mi v Yu cu Dng tinh th tng i u, khng vn Tinh th cng nh dung dch ng trong nc ct c v ngt, khng Mu sc c mi v l Tt c tinh th u trng ng nh. Khi pha trong nc th thu c dch trong sut

3..Ph gia:

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

3.1Axit ascorbic
Axit ascorbic cn c gi l vitamin C c tm thy nhiu nht trong tri cy l cht dinh dng rt cn thit cho s sng ca sinh vt. lnh vc ha sinh, n l cht chng oxi ha, tham gia vo cc qu trnh tng hp enzim, tng sc khng, phc hi sc khe, c bit ngn nga bnh scurvy ngi. Axit ascorbic cn c dng lm cht bo qun thc phm, hng v cho mt s nc ung lm tng gi tr dinh dng. Lng vitamin C hin nay c tm thy nhiu nht l trong qu Billy Goat plum (3150mg/100g). Trong 100g t c 1900mg, trong u , du, cam, chanh c t 40-60mg. Thng tin tng qut Tn theo IUPAC: 2-oxo-L-threo-hexono-1,4- lactone-2,3-enediol Tn thng thng: axit ascorbic, vitamin C Cng thc phn t: C6H8O6 Cng thc cu to:

Khi lng phn t: 176,13 g/mol C dng: bt mu trng n vng nht (khan) S CAS: [50-81-7]

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG Nhit nng chy: 1930C (phn hy) pKa : pKa1 = 4,17 pKa2 = 11,56 Kh nng ha tan trong nc: Cao *TNH CHT:

NECTAR C CHUA

D trong CTCT khng c nhm COOH nhng vitamin C vn c tnh axit. l do trong phn t c h lin hp p- , - t O ca nhm OH n O ca C=O lm cho H ca nhm OH gn trn C c ni i tr nn rt linh ng, c kh nng tch ra, v th c tnh axit. Mt khc, khi ha tan vo nc, 1 lng nh s b thy phn to thnh axit. nhit phng, axit ascorbic dng khan c mu trng cho n vng nht. N c tnh cht ha hc chung ca cc axit thng thng, c kh nng b oxi ha v b phn hy thnh CO2 v nc 193oC. 3.2. Axt Citric Axt citric l mt axt hu c thuc loi yu v n thng c tm thy trong cc loi tri cy thuc h cam qut. N l cht bo qun thc phm t nhin v thng c thm vo thc n v ung lm v chua. lnh vc ha sinh th axt citric ng mt vai tr trung gian v cng quan trng trong chu trnh axt citric ca qu trnh trao i cht xy ra trong tt c cc vt th sng. Ngoi ra axt citric cn ng vai tr nh l mt cht ty ra, an ton i vi mi trng v ng thi l tc nhn chng oxy ha. Axt citric c mt trong nhiu loi tri cy v rau qu nhng trong tri chanh th hm lng ca n c tm thy nhiu nht, theo c tnh axt citric chim khong 8% khi lng kh ca tri chanh.

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

Thng tin tng qut

Tn chun Tn thng CTPT SMILES (1) Khi lng PT C dng S CAS (2) KL ring Nhit nng chy Nhit si pKa

2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3tricarboxylic acid Axt chanh C6H8O7 C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O 192.13 g/mol Tinh th mu trng [77-92-9] Tnh cht 1665 kg/m3 153C (307.4F, 426K) Phn hy 175C pKa1=3.15 pKa2=4.77 pKa3=6.40

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG * Tnh cht

NECTAR C CHUA

Mt vi tnh cht vt l ca axt citric c lit k bng trn, tnh axt ca n l do nh hng ca nhm carboxyl -COOH, m mi nhm carboxyl c th cho i mt proton to thnh ion citrat. Cc mui citrat dng lm dung dch m rt tt hn ch s thay i pH ca cc dung dch axt. Cc ion citrat kt hp vi cc ion kim loi to thnh mui, ph bin nht l mui Canxi Citrat dng lm cht bo qun v gi v cho thc phm. Bn cnh ion citrat c th kt hp vi cc ion kim loi to thnh cc phc dng lm cht bo qun v lm mm nc. nhit phng th axt citric tn ti dng tinh th mu trng dng bt hoc dng khan hay l dng monohydrat c cha mt phn t nc trong mi phn t ca axt citric. Dng khan thu c khi axt citric kt tinh trong nc nng, tri li dng monohydrat li kt tinh trong nc lnh. nhit trn 74C dng monohydrat s chuyn sang dng khan. V mt ha hc th axt citric cng c tnh cht tng t nh cc axt carboxylic khc. Khi nhit trn 175C th n phn hy to thnh CO2 v nc. 3.3CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) Ch s Ds (Degree of substitution: mc thay th nhm chc) Thng thng, Ds: 0 3 (max) - CMC dng thng phm c Ds: 0.4 - 1.4 - CMC dng cho thc phm c Ds:0.65-0.95 - CMC c Ds<0.4 khng ho tan trong nc Tnh cht ca CMC - C th s dng CMC dng nng v lnh - CMC l cc polymer anion mch thng, cho cht lng phi Newton (dung dch gi)

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

- pH 5-9 dung dch t thay i tnh cht, nhng pH <3 nht gia tng hoc kt ta Do , khng s dng CMC cho sn phm c pH <3 S dng CMC v cc dn xut - Gp phn ci to tnh cht sn phm (lm chm qu trnh kt tinh lm mn tinh th, ci thin bng, ngn cn kem chy, n nh pha rn, ngn cn s phn ly tinh du-nc, gi m, chng dnh, ) - Pht trin sn phm mi Da vo kh nng gi nc, to c, n nh, tr phn tn Liu lng s dng thng thng 0.1-0.5%

II.Thnh phm
Nectar c chua c to ra t tht qu c chua ti kt hp vi mt phn nh cc ph gia thch hp v mt s nguyn liu khc tng thm mi v thm ngon, gi tr dinh dng, thi gian bo qun cho sn phm.V dng lng nn cc cht dinh dng trong Nectar c chua d tiu ho v hp th trong c th.Sn phm nectar c chua c mu sc hp dn, khng c v ng ( c kh bng enzym) nhng vn gi c hng v c o ca qu c chua ti.

III.D kin nng sut cho thnh phm.


Th tch hp :1 lt Nng sut d kin ca my chit chai l 30 hp/pht Trong 1 gi sn xut c 1800 hp (1800 lt) Trong 1 ngy (8 gi): 8*1800=14400 hp. T l phi trn :nc/ c = 50/50 Nh vy trong mt hp cn 0.5 lt nc + 0.5 lt dch c. M 1 kg c chua thu c 0.8 lt dch c (0.2 lt b l ht v v) Lng dch c cn trong 1 ngy : 14400*0.5 =7200 lt dch c. Lng c chua nguyn qu cn dng trong 1 ngy : Ta c : 1 kg c chua 0.8 lt dch c

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG x kg c chua 7200 lt dch c x = 7200 *1 /0.8 =9000kg Lng c chua nguyn qu cn dng trong 1 nm : 9000 kg *310 ngy =2790000 kg Lng hao ht cn thit : 10% 2790000 * 10% =279000 kg

NECTAR C CHUA

Lng c chua cn cho mt nm : 2790000 + 279000 =3069000 kg

IV.Th trng tiu th ca Nectar c chua.


1.Trong nc
Nm trong vng kh hu nhit i, nc ta c nhiu loi hoa qu ti c gi tr cao nhng thi gian thu hoch li rt ngn nh m, vi, c chua... Nhm lm tng gi tr ca qu c chua, cc nh sn xut i vo nghin cu cng ngh ch bin nectar c chua t qu c chua ti hay i t pure c chua. Hin nay, tnh hnh sn xut nc c chua rt si ng. Trn th gii, cc sn phm nc qu t c chua c sn xut nhiu nhng ch yu l nc c chua c c, tip n l cc sn phm ng hp khc. Chng l mt trong nhng mt hng ch bin t c chua c cc th trng ln nh M, Canada, Anh...a chung. Vit Nam, qu c chua ang c ch bin thnh nc qu v c mt s nh my ch bin nhng cng sut cn hn ch. Cc sn phm c sn xut hin c trn th trng ch yu dng Nectar v c ch bin t pure nhp khu ca nc ngoi. Thi tit nng nng lp tc xua tan khng kh m m ti th trng nc gii kht. V tr c tn ca nc gii kht c gas ti th trng Vit Nam ang b "lung lay", thay vo l s ln ngi ca cc loi nc gii kht c ngun gc t nhin. Tuy nhin cc DN sn xut nc tri cy ng chai mi p ng c 18% nhu cu ca th trng, nhng phn cn li cho cc loi thc ung bnh dn. L mt

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

trong 5 th trng nc gii kht khng cn ang tng trng nhanh nht th gii, trung bnh mi ngi Vit Nam ung khong 3 lt nc gii kht khng cn/nm, trong khi mc bnh qun ca ngi Philippines l 50 lt/nm.Tri vi s m m ti th trng nc ngt c gas, nhu cu tiu th nc gii kht khng gas, c bit l nc tri cy ti VN tng rt mnh, t gn 30%/nm. Kt qu bn hng nm 2004-2005 ca Cng ty Bidrico cho thy, gn 50% ngi tiu dng thnh ph ang chuyn sang cc loi nc ung c cha vitamin, t ngt, mi v t nhin. Trc s thay i th hiu ca th trng, cc DN sn xut nc gii kht lp tc thay i c cu sn xut. Cc i gia: Vinamilk, Tribeco, Wonderfarm tung ra th trng nhiu loi nc tri cy: to, xoi, nho, mng cu, c chua... p ng nhu cu khch hng. Hin cc DN kinh doanh nc gii kht tng sn lng trn mc 20% so vi nm ngoi: Vinamilk tng 30% sn lng nc tri cy nhn hiu Fresh; Pepsi tng 30% sn lng nc gii kht khng gas. Th trng nc gii kht c gas ang bt lc nhn s ln t ca cc loi nc khng gas vi tc tng trng 10%/nm. Nm bt xu th ny, cc nhn hiu quen thuc Tribeco, Delta, Vinamilk cng nhng i th mi nnam, UniPresident ang ln k hoch cho ra i nhiu sn phm khng gas mi.Theo kt qu iu tra th trng nm 2004 do Cng ty c phn nc gii kht Tribeco t hng mt cng ty nghin cu th trng thc hin, th trng nc gii kht khng gas tng 10%/nm trong khi sn lng nc ngt c gas tip tc st gim 5%. Vi tc tng trng t trn 40% hng nm v ang chim t trng khong 40% trn th trng nc gii kht, cc loi nc gii kht tri cy ang tr thnh mt hng ch lc ca cc nh sn xut kinh doanh trong lnh vc ny.
17

GVHD:LU MAI HNG 2.Nc ngoi

NECTAR C CHUA

Hin nay, trn th gii c rt nhiu sn phm nectar.Trong nectar c chua chim c mt th phn rt ln trong th trng bi gi tr dinh dng m c chua mang li v hnh thc bao b phong ph.

V.Cc sn phm ch bin t c chua


1.. hp c chua nguyn qu
hp c chua t nhin c ch bin dng: + Dng nguyn v + Dng bc v S dng nguyn liu c chua chn u, v khng cn m xanh. ng knh qu 3-6cm.Qu ti tt khng b dp nt.Sau khi c la chn c phn loi, phn c ri tip tc ch bin.

2.. C chua nguyn qu khng bc v


C chua sau khi ra em xp vo hp st hay l thu tinh.Qu trong hp phi ng u v kch thc v mu sc.Cn sp cht nhng khng nn cht qu.Sau rt nc mui nng c nng 2-3% hay pure c chua 100% vo hp xp c chua ri ghp np trn my ghp c ht chn khng bo v vitamin C ca hp.Sau thanh trng.

3. C chua nguyn qu bc v
Sau khi ra xong hp c chua trong 10-20 giy cho protopectin biu b chuyn thnh pectin ho tan v v qu d dng tch khi tht qu trong khi bc v. qu khi nhng nt, qu hp xong c lm ngui tc thi bng nc l

18

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

sch.Sau loi b nhng qu b v nt.Cn xp nhng qu nguyn vn vo bao b, rt pure c chua nng 95-980C vo y hp.Ghp np, thanh trng nh hp c chua khng bc v.

4.C chua c c
C chua c c c s dng nh mt bn ch phm.Dng sn xut mt s dng hp rau qu, tht, c v dng nu cc mn n trong gia nh.Sn xut c chua c c bng cch c c tht qu.Sau khi loi b v, ht v nghin nh.C chua c c thng c phn loi theo kh thnh phm.

5. hp xt c chua
Xt c chua l sn phm ch bin t pure c chua hay t c chua c c hay t c chua ti.C chua c nu vi ng, mui, dm v cc gia v.C nhiu loi xt c chua khc nhau tu theo thnh phn phi ch

6.. Bt c chua
Bt c chua l dng bt qu ph bin nht.Va dng ch bin nc gii khc va dng lm thc n.Bt c chua c 4% nc, 12% cht kh ho tan 46.7% ng kh, 6.8% acid, 11.8% pectin, 8.7% khong, 62 mg % carotenoid

7.Nc c chua
Nc c chua l mt dng nc qu vi tht qu.C th sn xut t qu ti hay dng bn ch phm.Nc c chua cha tt c cc cht dinh dng c trong nguyn liu nn gi tr dinh dng rt cao.

VI.Quy tnh cng ngh


1.S

19

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

20

GVHD:LU MAI HNG


C chua

NECTAR C CHUA

La chn

Phn loi Ra
Chn(600C,3pht) Nc

Nc thi

Nc Nc ng

Ch

Nu siro Thi
Ph gia Phi trn chai ng ho Gia nhit 800C Chit rt Ghp np

Ra

Sy

21

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

2.Thuyt minh quy trnh


2.1La chn v phn loi: *.Ch tiu phn loi nguyn liu: -Kch thc v ln:Nguyn liu cn t kch thc tng nhau - chn: chn nhng qu c chnva ti, khng nn ch qu qu sng , qu chn v:
Thanh trng

+C chua qu chn th chua t, hng v nht

Lm ngui

Sn nho, d b dp ng. Dn nhn phm +C chua cha chn ti th sn phm b chua gt, mu sc khng p. chn k thut m nguyn liu cn t c l chn ton phn. chn ny, lng dch bo trong qu l nhiu nht v thnh phn ho hc trong qu cng nhiu nht - Chn nhng qu c mu sc p, qu b bng lng, khng b xc v dp b, v l con ng m vi sinh vt d dng xm nhp nn chng ta cn loi b i nhng loi qu ny v chng c nh hng ln n cht lng sn phm v gy kh khn trong qu trnh sn xut.Thit b phn chia chn theo chm-ni hoc xuyn kPh bin v n gin hn c l phng php chn chn bng th cng theo kinh nghim truyn thng ca ngi chn.Khi chn cn loi b
22

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

nhng qu khng chn.Nhng qu cha chn c th lu li cho n khi t chn mi s dng.Cn nhng qu chn c th s dng nu cha c biu hin h hng bin cht. - Chn theo mc nguyn dng.Trong khi thu hoch, vn chuyn v bo qun, nguyn liu c th b xay xt,dp nt, thi ra, dn ti gim cht lng.Mc gim cht lng ph thc vo h hng.Hn th, nhng vt dp nt thi ra cn l ca ng vi sinh vt xm nhp v pht trin trn qu.Nhng vi sinh vt c th nhim vo sn phm. Gy kh khn cho qu trnh thanh trng.Chnh v vy m trc khi ch binnht thit phi loi b nhng qu thi ra ton phn.i vi nhng qu ch h hng tng phn th c th ct b phn hng, li phn cha hng.Nu bit chc phn hng ch mi xut hin cha nh hng g n cht lng th c th khng cn loi b. loi b nhng qu khng tiu chun v nguyn vn ta c th quan st k tng qu hoc chn trn bng ti con ln c kh nng lt mi pha ca qu, nh c th d dng pht hin cc vt h hng. 2.2 Ra y l cng on khng th b qua vi tt c cc quy trnh sn xut ch bin rau qu.Trong qu trnh ch bin thc phm, nc c tm quan trng hng u, l yu t quyt nh hiu qu ca qu trnh - sch ca nguyn liu.V th nc ra phi tiu chun nc sch.Sau nc l k thut ra.Ra ng k thut cht lng sn phm s tt hn .Thng thng ty theo nhim bn nguyn liu c th ra mt ln hay nhiu ln.Trc khi ch bin rau qu phi c ra sch.Trn b mt qu thng c bi bn, bn t , thuc tr su v bo t ca vi sinh vt, c bit l bo t nm-nhng th c hi cho sc khe, v th cn loi b trc khi ch bin.Nn mc ch ca qu trnh ny l: -Loi b t ct, bi bm -Loi b vi sinh vt bm trn b mt nguyn liu -Loi b cht ho hc gy c ( Thuc tr su) Nguyn liu sau khi ra sch khng b dp nt, cc cht dinh dng t b tn tht.Thi gian ra ngn v nc ra phi t nc sch. i vi nguyn liu cha
23

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

nhiu cht bn, nht l cht bn bm dnh kh tan, trc khi xi sch bng vi nc phun cao p, cn c ngm b t vi pht n na ting, thi gian cht bn c th b. Qu trnh ra c th c thc hin bng th cng hay trong thit b thch hp vi tng loi nguyn liu.Nguyn liu cng phi ra bng my ra bn chi,loi mm hn, d ra hn c th ra bng my sc kh tng hiu qu ra c th dng cc cht ra tng hp, x phngv c th ngm ra trong nc m.Khi ra lun lun gi nc sch tc l phi thay nc lin tc hoc nc chy lun lu. cng ca nc ra khng qu 20mg/l. -Ra qu khng ch loi b cht bn, vi sinh vt m cn lm ti cc m ca chng. -Dng nc sch gi cho nguyn liu, nc c dng trong sn xut phi l t tiu chun nc sch, an ton trong ch bin v sn xut. -X l b i phn cung ca qu c chua to s thun li cho cc qu trnh ch 2.3 Chn Tc dng ca qu trnh chn: -Tiu dit 1 phn vi sinh vt, ch yu l vi sinh vt bm trn b mt qu -nh ch qu trnh sinh ho ca nguyn liu, lm cho mu sc ca nguyn liu khng b xu i(dit men Peroxidaza, Polifenoloxidazalm cho nguyn liu khng b thm en) -Lm thay i th tch, khi lng nguyn liu cc qu trnh ch bin tip theo c thun li hn -ui bt cht kh trong gian bo ca nguyn liu nhm hn ch tc dng ca oxy gy ra phng hp, oxy ho vitamin.Ngoi ra cn loi b cc cht c mi v khng thch hp. -Lm tng thm thu ca cht nguyn sinh, lm cho dch bo thot ra d dng hay dung dch rt d ngm vo qu.
24

GVHD:LU MAI HNG -Gi c mu sc ti ca qu 2.4 Nghin, x

NECTAR C CHUA

Nhm thu nhn bt c chua dng nhuyn pha ch nc rau qu dng necta.Hu nh cc loi qu trc khi ch u phi gia nhit nguyn liu mm lm tng kh nng thu hi dch qu.ng thi hn ch s bin mu. 2.5. Phi trn Khi ch bin nectar, ngi ta thng pha thm ng, acid thc phm v nc vo dch qu sn phm t c yu cu v hng v, mu sc v c cn thit. Sn phm phi c hng thm r rt ca nguyn liu, v ngt chua thch hp. Sn phm thng c kh 15 - 20% v c acid tng ng vi acid ca nguyn liu (0,2 - 0,5%) Lng vitamin C cho vo khi phi ch cn c ch cc men xc tc phn ng bin mu v cn d khong 100 mg/l nc qu. Nu d qu, sn phm c v chua gt v hc. Sn phm cn c c va phi, nu lng qu th km gi tr dinh dng v km hng v, nu c qu cng khng hp dn. sn phm c c va phi, ngi ta thm nc ng vi t l Pur qu/nc ng =1/0,5 - 1/2 tu loi nguyn liu. 2.6. ng ho c c thch hp, mn v t phn lp, vn cc, ngi ta ng ho sn phm bng thit b ng ho kiu phun c p sut (vi p sut lm vic l 1,47 1,98.107 N/m2 tc 150 200 at) hoc bng thit b ly tm. 2.7. Gia nhit-Bi kh: Sau khi phi trn nc p qu, loi b khng kh ho tan trong dch qu th ngi ta thc hin qu trnh bi kh nhm:
25

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

-Gim p sut bn trong hp khi thanh trng, hp khng b bin dng, bt np, nt cc mi hng. -Hn ch cc qu trnh oxy ho lm cho dung dch t b tn tht, hng v, mu sc ca hp khng b thay . -Hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt hiu kh tn ti trong hp sau khi thanh trng. -To chn khng cho hp trnh hin tng phng hp trong lc thanh trng. -C th bi kh bng nhit-un nng trong ni h, hay bng cch ht chn khng lin tc.Mc ch cui cng l loi b cng nhiu khng kh cng tt. -Thi gian bi kh thng l 3-6 pht v nhit sau bi kh l 80-900C 2.8. Chit rt Nc rau qu c th ng trong cc loi bao b khc nhau:Hp kim loi, chai nha, chai thu tinhvi nhiu kch c, th tch khc nhau.Trc khi rt hp cn phi ra sch, thanh trng v rt sn phm ngay nhm trnh nhim bn li.Nhit rt hp khong 60-800C nhm rt ngn thi gian thanh trng ng thi sau khi ghp kn c th to ra chn khng khng cn thit. Nu sn phm c rt vo hp th cao khng qu 3 mm. Nu sn phm rt vo chai th cao c th cao hn. Nhit rt: 60-800C 2.9. Ghp np Ngay sau khi rt vo bao b phi c ghp m ngay.Trc khi ghp m cc loi bao b, th np cn phi c ra sch, thanh trng v ghp kn ngay. 2.10 .Thanh trng L qu trnh quan trng c tc dng quyt nh kh nng bo qun v cht lng sn phm. Tiu dit phn ln vi sinh vt gy bnh cho ngi, gy hi cho sn phm Qu trnh x l nhit nhm n nh c cho dch qu v n v hot enzym pectinnase c trong dch qu

26

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

Qu trnh x l nhit thng gy oxy ho sn phm.Do vy qu trnh ny thng c din ra trong thi gian ngn. 2.11 Lm ngui Sau khi thanh trng sn phm phi lm ngui ngay n nhit 30-500C gy sc nhit v ngn chn qu trnh sm mu ca sn phm. 2.12 Bo n .Sau mt thi gian bo qun t 1-2 tun.Kim tra li sn phm xem c hp no khng t tiu chun ( phng hp, mo m) th loi b.Sau khi tin hnh lau chi, dn nhn , bao gi v cui cng l xut xng.i vi nhng dy chuyn hin i, v sinh cng nghip cao, thit b v k thut tin tin, m bo an ton v cht lng gn nh l tuyt i c h khng cn bo n m tin hnh sy hp v dn nhn, ng gi sau ngay khi thanh trng.

VII. Thit b
1.Ra: Qu trnh ra gm hai giai on: ngm v ra xi. Ngm lm cho nc thm t nguyn liu, qu trnh ny c tng cng bng tc dng c hc (cnh khuy, c bn chi, thi kh), bng tc dng ty ra ca dung dch kim hoc tng nhit ca nc.Nhng tng nhit v dng cht ty ra th lng cht dinh dng b tn tht nhiu hn, nn thc t ch dng vi nguyn liu c v cng v b mt x x.Thi gian ngm tu thuc mc bm bn ca nguyn liu v tc dng ca dung dch ra, c th t vi pht n vi chc pht. Ra xi l dng tc dng chy ca dng nc ko cc cht bn cn li trn mt nguyn liu sau khi ngm.Thng dng tia nc phun (p sut 1.96-2.94,105 N/m2 tc 2-3 at) hay hoa sen xi.Nc ra li phi l nc sch, lnh, lng Cl2 cn li trong nc trng l 3-5 mg/l.Thi gian ra li cng nhanh cng tt. nc ra t b nhim bn, ngi ta dung nc ra chy lin tc trong cc b. gim nh lao ng, tng nng sut v hiu qu ra ngi ta dng cc loi my ra c cu to khc nhau.
27

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

-My ra bi cho : my ny l mt thng ng nc, trong c gn my khuy loi bi cho.Khi my khoy quay nguyn liu di chuyn cng vi nc v c lm sch. Sau h thng hoa sen s trng sch t ct.My ny c hiu qu ra cao, dng cho cc loi c cng nh c rt, khoai ty -My ra bn chi: B phn c ra l cc bn chi gn trn trc quay.Nguyn liu c ra li bng tia nc phun.Loi my ny thng dng ra cc loi qu c cu to chc, b mt x x. -My ra thi kh: Tc dng c ra l khng kh c qut gi thi v lm cho nc v nguyn liu b o trn.B phn xi l h thng hoa sen.My ny c s dng rt ph bin ra hu ht cc loi rau qu, nht l rau qu mm. -My ra tang trng: b phn c ra l tang trng hnh tr hay hnh cn c l hay gn cc tm hay thanh thp.Nguyn liu i trong tang trng theo ng xon c b ch lean mt tang trng v c st vo nhau, t ct b bong ra v cun theo nc xi lin tc.My ny dng ra rau qu c cu to chc, v cng , cc loi ht. -Ngoi ra cn c my ra chn ng, my ra siu m, my ra ni

MY RA TRI CY, RAU QU Th loi : Thit b ch bin tri cy v rau qu Nhn hiu : TURATTI (ITALYA) Kiu dng : n/a
28

GVHD:LU MAI HNG Serial Number : 9222 Kch thc /sc cha: 4300*1110*1800 M s kho : W 01 Year : 2001 Quc gia sn xut : Italya

NECTAR C CHUA

My ra tri cy lin tc, bao gm bm nc 5HP, 30m3/h v qut cao p st kh 3HP. Kch thc bung ra: 4300x1110x1050. bm nc tun hon tit kim nc, c h thng phn phi nc v kh nn t qut nhm tng hiu qu ra. Cui bung ra cn c h thng sng rung - tch nc v vn chuyn nguyn liu ra khi my. C 2 ng c rung 0.3Kw/ci. Sng c nng bng 4 ng cao su ln xung bng kh nn. C 3 ca v sinh, c 1 ca s mica theo di. Thit b bm y, cn. Tt c c ch to bng Inox 316. *Chn la phn loi Qu trnh chn la - phn loi c th tin hnh trc khi bo qun nguyn liu, hay trong khi ch bin trong phn xng sn xut . Chn la nhm loi tr cc nguyn liu a vo ch bin khng quy cch nh su bnh, men mc, thi hng Phn loi nhm phn chia thnh nguyn liu ng u v kch thc, hnh dng, mu sc hoc chin.Nguyn liu ng u th phm cht hp mi tt, cc qu trnh ch bin tip theo mi thun li v d c kh ho. - Chn la: Nhiu loi nguyn liu rau qu phi chn la, ch yu tin hnh bng tay. Ngi ta c th chn la bng tay ngay trn bng ti nguyn liu. Cng nhn lm vic hai bn bng ti, loi ra cc nguyn liu khng ph hp quy cch 2.Chn bc v loi qu c mi (cam, qut, chanh, bi), c chua, ngi ta nhng vo nc si.Nu chn cam qut trong nc 90-1000C trong 20-60s hay 80-90s th tc bc v, tch mi, tch x tng gp 4 ln so vi khng chn.
29

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

Ngi ta cn dng l t in bc v qu c v mng v cu trc mm nh c chua, mn, hnh. nhit 1000C trong 0.5-3 pht, v b chy v bong ra khi ra bng nc l, cn cu to ca lp tht qu di v cha b h hi g. Bng phng php bc v ny, ph liu gim nhiu v nng sut cao, song tn nhiu in. L t in gm c thn l 1 hnh hp, mt trong p gch chu la, mt ngoi l thp l.Mng 4 cho nguyn liu vo.Bng ti kim loi 3 chuyn nguyn liu qua h thng t in 2. Thi gian t iu chnh bng tc bng ti.Sau nguyn liu theo mng 5 vo my ra. Trong cng nghip ngi ta thng ta thng dng thit b chn hp c phn loi theo cc nguyn tc sau: -Lm vic gin on hay lin tc -Trong chn khng, p sut thng hay p sut cao -Cu to loi hai v hay loi ng (n, kp, rut g). Cc thit b chn hp lm vic lin tc p sut thng, c cu to rt khc nhau.Thit b c mt bng ti (kiu ai thp, bi cho, trc hay bn xon) t trong mt thng cha nc chn hay phun hi vo thng hay phng hp . Trong thit b chn, hi nc dng un nng trc tip nc chn hay gin tip (qua ng truyn nhit) dung dch chn. Bng ti di chuyn vi tc sao cho khi qua thit b nguyn liu c chn t yu cu .

30

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

Ni hai v cng c dng nhiu chn . lm tng tc chn, ngi ta cn lp cnh khuy. Ni hai v cn dng un nng nc ng, dung dch mui, acid rt vo hp . un nng nc qu v cc loi rau qu nghin nh, ngi ta cn dng cc thit b un nng kiu ng chm, ng bc ng. 3.Ch Phng php ch dng trong sn xut c chua c c v nc qa c tht qa, mt qa, ngha l dng phn chia nguyn liu rau qa c cu to mm thnh 2 phn: phn lng qua ry sn xut sn phm chnh, phn b cn li trn ry. - Ry c lm bng thp khng r c c l nh, vi kch thc: 0,5; 0,75; 1; 1,5 mm. sn xut nc qu c, ngi ta thng dng l ry c : 0,50 - 0,75 mm. sn xut c chua c c, mt chui, da dng l ry c : 1,0-1,5mm. Nng sut my ch c tnh theo cng thc : DL2 Q = 0,07 tg
-

n (kg/h)

D: ng knh ca ry (m) L: Chiu di cnh p (m) : gc nghing ca cnh ch so vi trc quay n: S vng quay/pht : Tng din tch l ry so vi din tch ry (23 - 45 %)

31

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

H h n .

Cu to ca my ch
1. Vt xon ti nguyn liu 2. Phu nhp liu 3. Bi cho chuyn nguyn liu 4.Cnh ch 5.Trc quay 6.Mt ry 7.Ca tho b ch

4.ng ha ng ha l lm ti, mn cc thc phm lng (lm cho cc phn t ca sn phm c kch thc rt nh, gim t 265 micrometer n vi chc micrometer) nhm tng mn ca sn phm, lm cho sn phm khng b phn lp. My ng ha: nguyn tc lm vic ca my l dng p lc cao, y sn phm i qua cc khe h rt nh (p sut ca sn phm vo khong 150 kg/cm2 v khi ra khi khe nh ch cn khong 2 - 3 kg/cm2) Khi thay i p sut mt cch t ngt v tc tng ln nhiu, lm cho sn phm b ti nh ra. Kch thc ca khe h c th iu chnh c t 0,1 - 0,15 mm. Tc chuyn ng ca sn phm qua khe h: 150 - 200 m/s.

32

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

ng i ca sn phm

ng i ca sn phm

Hnh 1.2. B phn ng ha

33

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

Hnh 1.3. Thit b ng ha

5.Chit rt 5.1. Phm vi s dng: My ny uc ci tin v pht trin t nhng sn phm cng loi ca cc sn phm nuc ngoa, chc nng a dng. 5.2. c im ma: - Vi 6 u chit v 6 xi lanh, my c kh nng chit nhanh v chnh xc. - Cc thit b kh nn ca hng Festo- c v AirTacs- i Loan v cc thit b iu khin ca i Loan, vn hnh n nh. - Cht lung uc m bo bi mt thn Hn Quc, PLC i Loan, mn hnh iu khin v cc thit b in i km ca hng Schneider- c 5.3. Thng s k thut chnh:

34

GVHD:LU MAI HNG - Tc chit: 20- 50 chai/ pht - Sai s khi chit: <1% - in ngun cung cp: 220/ 110V, 50/60 Hz - p sut kh: 0,5- 0,7 Mpa - Cng sut: 500 W

NECTAR C CHUA

- Gii hn dung tch chit: 25- 60 ml 50- 125 ml, 100- 250 ml, 200- 500 ml, 4001000 ml, 900- 2500 ml, 2200- 5000 ml. * Khi cho sn phm v bao b, phi t cc yu cu sau : - m bo khi lng tnh v thnh phn ca hp theo t l quy nh. - C hnh thc trnh by p. - m bo h s truyn nhit. - Khng ln cc tp cht.
1.T hng cha cht lng 2. Bm chn khng 3. ng dn cht lng v thng 4. Phao 5. Mm 6. ng ray 7. Bnh xe 8. Piston 9. Soupap 10. L xo 11. ng dn cht lng v chai

Hnh 3.4. Cu to h thng rt cht lng ca my rt chn khng

35

GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

6.Ghp np
My ng chai, xit nt 3 / 1: S lng u ra, ng, xit: 16-12-6 Nng sut: 3000~ 4000chai/gi Chiu cao chai: 170 ~ 320mm ng knh chai: 50 ~ 100mm Dung tch ng: 330ml ~ 1500ml p lc phun: 0,25 ~ 0,3MPa Cng sut in: 2,2KW + 0,37KW Kch thc my: di2400mm, rng1750mm cao2500m.Trng lng my 2600kg 7.Thanh trng a. Thit b thanh trng h np C cu to n gin nh ni nu, dng mi trng truyn nhit l nc c un si bng hi hoc un trc tip bng nhn liu. Dng thanh trng cc loi hp c nhit thanh trng khng qu 100OC. b. Thit b thanh trng c p sut cao lm vic gin on Dng thanh trng cc loi hp c nhit thanh trng t 100oC tr ln, c np y kn, cn gi l ni hp thanh trng. C 2 loi ni hp: loi t thng ng v loi t nm ngang. + Thit b hp thanh trng loi thng ng C thn hnh tr, y v np hnh chm cu, np c cc cht ghp cht vi thn thit b, di y c lp ng phun hi nng thanh trng. Bn trong thit b c gi t gi ng hp, c loi ch c 1 gi, loi 2 gi, loi 3 gi. + Thit b hp thanh trng loi t nm ngang Thn thit b t nm ngang, bn trong khng c gi gi m c ng ry cho xe ng cc gi hp y vo.

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA Loi ny c kh nng lm vic cao, nhng thao tc phc tp, chu k lm vic ko di, tn hi v nc nhiu.
Ghi ch A Hi nng B Nc C Nc tho D iu khin gi E iu khin kh F Valve an tn

Hnh 4.7. Thit b tit trng hi dng ng

Hnh 4.8. Thit b tit trng hi dng nm ngang

c. Thit b thanh trng lm vic lin tc dng p sut thy tnh Thit b gm c 2 nhnh ct nc cao 12 - 20 m cha y nc nng. Gia 2 ct nc l mt phng cha y hi nc nng. Cui ct nc th II l thng nc lnh. hp c chuyn bng bng ti xch. p sut trong phng hi c iu

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

chnh bng cch iu chnh chiu cao mc nc 2 nhnh ct nc. Thi gian thanh trng c iu chnh bng vn tc ca bng ti. Thit b ny lm vic vi nng sut cao nhng c nhc im l cu to hi cng knh. d. Thit b thanh trng bn mng y l loi thit b lm vic lin tc p sut hi nc cao hn p sut kh quyn. Cu to ca thit b nh cc khoang cha nc qu t xen k vi cc khoang cha cht ti nhit, v nc qu chy trong khoang kn ch bng mt lp mng, li c truyn nhit t 2 mt nn thi gian thanh trng rt nhanh. Thit b thanh trng bn mng dng thanh trng nc qu trc khi rt vo hp v phi rt hp trong iu kin v trng.

Ct nc

Thanh trng

Nc lm ngui

Hnh 4.9. Thit b thanh trng dng p sut thy tnh

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

VIII. Kt lun v kin ngh:


1.Kt lun: Nc c chua khng ch c tc dng gip cho ln da lun tr, kho p v ti sng m cn l phng thuc hu hiu gip bn phng nga nguy c b ung th, cung cp mt lng ln vitamin cho c th. Thm vo , nc c chua cn khng c cha calo nn thch hp vi nhng ngi bo ph hay ang trong giai on gim cn. Loi nc ny c bit hu ch i vi cc b bu hay nhng b m ang trong giai on cho con b. Bn nn ung nc p c chua t 20 - 30 pht trc ba n y nhanh v tng cng qu trnh tiu h v sau. Tuy nhin, nhng i tng cn trnh xa loi nc ny l nhng ngi mc bnh vim lot d dy, mc bnh v ng tiu ho, bnh vim ti mt cp tnh. C chua xut hin trn tri t t th k XVI. Tri qua bao thng trm, hai th k sau c chua mi chim mt v tr khim tn trong ba n v n nay tr thnh ngun dinh dng tuyt vi cho sc p. Ngun vitamin l tng Rt t nng lng bi thc t trong 100g c chua ch cha c 15 kcalo nhng n li cha rt nhiu loi vitamin. Vitamin A gp phn ti sinh cc t bo, vitamin B1 v B6 ng vai tr quan trng trong hot ng ca h thn kinh v nht l vitamin C c tc dng tng cng kh nng t v v sc khng ca c th vi cc vi khun. Mt qu c chua c th cung cp hn 20% nhu cu vitamin C hng ngy cho c th. Ngoi ra, c chua cha nhiu khong cht v nguyn t vi lng, tng thm s tr trung cho c th nh kali, magi, st, km v flo. ng minh qu bu chng np nhn: Mu ca qu c chua do cc sc t ca carotenoit c tc dng bo v da khi s

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

tn cng ca cc yu t bn ngoi cng nh nh nng mt tri.Ngi ta cng ni nhiu v lycopen - mt chit sut t nhin ca c chua, c dng chng xi ha, chng nhim, ngn chn s tng sinh ca cc gc t do, th phm chnh gy hin tng lo ha. N cn c tc dng chng li cc tia cc tm v tng lng sc t to cho da d hng ho cao gp 6 ln cc hp cht thng dng hng ngy. Nc c chua rt tt cho bnh nhn tiu ng loi i vi nhng ngi b tiu ng loi 2, nc c chua c th gip ngn nga nhng ri lon ca tim l nguyn nhn thng lm cho cn bnh ny thm phc tp. Cc nh nghin cu nhn thy vic ung nc c chua trong ba tun c th c hiu qu lm lng mu ngi bnh tiu ng loi 2 bng cch gim s tp trung cc tiu huyt cu, iu c th dn n hnh thnh cc mu ng. Mt cc nc c chua p ung hng ngy s lm gim bnh x cng ng mch. Nc p c chua gi cho lng kim trong mu duy tr sc chu ng cao i vi bnh tt. Cht lycopene, cht chng xy ha c rt nhiu trong c c kh nng ngn chn chng ung th tuyn tin lit v rt c li cho s cng dng. C chua cn cha rt nhiu vitamin C, loi vitamin khng th thiu trong c th. C chua sng hoc qua ch bin u tt. C th ung nc p c chua, n c chua sng, trn salat, canh c chua hoc st c chua Hin nay nc gii kht lm t rau qu rt c ngi tiu dng a chung. cho sn phm necta c chua c cht lng tt cn m bo cc yu t sau: -C chua c mu , khng b dp, tht qu nhiu, t ht, c chn va phi.Khng chn qu chn v c acid cao lm cho sn phm b chua nhng cng khng chn qu qu chn v qu mm, qu b, khi p tht qu kt li khng cho dch qu tht ra. Cng thc phi ch cui cng:
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GVHD:LU MAI HNG T l phi trn nc v tht qu l 50%:50%. ng : 13% Acid citric : 0.15% Acid Ascorbic : 0.1% CMC : 0.05% Hng : 0.03% Ch thanh trng nc c chua l : 10-10-10/100 2.Kin ngh: a.Khng nn cho tr ung nc qu qu sm

NECTAR C CHUA

Khi tr ngoi 6 thng tui hoc c th ung nc bng cc, lc hy cho ung thm nc qu. Vi tr nh, 100 ml nc qu giu Vitamin C mi ngy l qu nhiu. y l li khuyn ca cc chuyn gia thuc y ban dinh dng M. Hoa qu v rau xanh lun ng vai tr quan trng i vi s pht trin ca tr em. Tuy nhin, n nh th no, bao nhiu l th khng phi cha m no cng bit. Tr nh cn nhiu vitamin A, C, axit folic, kali v canxi, l nhng cht c bn c trong nhiu loi thc phm. Do , bn c th thay th loi ny bng loi kia cho tr chn, v d thay khoai lang bng da , c chua, c rt..., cng thuc nhm thc phm giu vitamin A. Hin nay trn th trng c v s loi nc qu ng hp. V c bn, nhng sn phm ny cung cp kh y dng cht cn thit bng vic kt hp vi sa ti hoc b sung thm mt s thnh phn khong cht. Mc d vy, chng vn khng th tt bng nc c xay, p trc tip t hoa qu ti. Mt cc nc qu tinh cht mi ngy cung cp cho tr gn nh y cc vitamin v khong cht. b.cht chng oxy ha trong qu c chua mu cam Cc nh nghin cu lng thc ca Trng i hc Ohio Columbus cho bit h trng mt loi qu c bit l c chua mu cam, n c li cho sc khe hn l
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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

c chua trong vn. Trong nhng qu c chua mu cam c cha cht lyconpene, d dng ph hp vi c th ca chng ta hn so vi nhng qu c chua . Lycopene - mt cht chng xy ha c li cho sc khe nh gim thiu s nguy him ca bnh ung th, bnh tim v nhng vn v mt do tui tc - l iu khin qu c chua v nhng loi rau qu khc c nhiu mu sc. Cht lycopene ngm vo trong mu khong 5 gi sau khi n nc st c chua cam v tc l 200 ln cao hn so vi nc st c chua . Trong khi nhng qu c chua cha cht lycopene nhiu hn nhng qu c chua cam, nhng c th ca chng ta hp thu khng tt.

IX.Mt s sn phm nectar c chua

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GVHD:LU MAI HNG

NECTAR C CHUA

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