Thc hnh tin hc i cng

Phn ngn ng PASCAL

PHN 2: Ngn ng PASCAL

CC THAO TC C BN: - M chng trnh. Nhp i chut vo biu tng Khoa CNTT trn nn desktop, nhp i chut vo chng trnh Borland Pascal 7.0. M mi 1 tp tin trong Pascal. Menu File\New (hoc Ctrl+N). Lu tp tin. Menu File\Save As (hoc F2). Kim tra v sa li chng trnh: F9 (tm li) c li chng trnh sa li ti v tr con tr ch li. Ch : Sau khi sa ht li F2 lu bi trc khi thc hin cc thao tc khc. Chy chng trnh: Ctrl+F9. M 1 tp tin c sn: Menu File\Open (F3). ng chng trnh: Menu File\Exit (Alt+X).

CC BC THC HIN: - Bc 1: M chng trnh. - Bc 2: M mi 1 tp tin. - Bc 3: Son tho chng trnh gii bi ton. - Bc 4: Lu tp tin. - Bc 5: Kim tra li chng trnh. - Bc 6: Chy chng trnh. Vi mi bi ton mi cc bc 26 c tin hnh li. CHI TIT BC 3: II. Cu trc c s ca 1 chng trnh: Program Tn chng trnh; Uses CRT; Var Tn bin: Kiu d liu; Const Tn hng=Gi tr; Begin clrscr; Cc cu lnh gii quyt bi ton; readln; End. Khai bo tn chng trnh; Khai bo s dng th vin CRT; Khai bo bin; Khai bo hng; Phn chnh (thn) ca chng trnh (bt buc phi c);

1- Trung tm thc hnh my tnh

Thc hnh tin hc i cng

Phn ngn ng PASCAL

V d minh ha: Vit chng trnh in ra mn hnh dy k t sau vi mu sc tu :

Khai bo tn chng trnh l ILU; Khai bo s dng th vin CRT; Xo mn hnh; Thit lp mu cho thng tin in ra, mu . In ra mn hnh dy k t theo tng hng.

Program ILU; Uses CRT; Begin clrscr; textcolor(4); writeln( ); writeln(

Lnh ch ngi dng nhn 1 phm bt k thc hin cng vic khc.

);

); writeln( writeln( readln;

);

2- Trung tm thc hnh my tnh

Thc hnh tin hc i cng

Phn ngn ng PASCAL

End. Bi tp p dng: 1. Vit chng trnh in ra mn hnh dy k t sau vi mu sc tu : **** * **** * * * * * * * * * * * **** *** * * * * * * * **** **** **** Ky niem 50 nam thanh lap truong 2. Vit chng trnh in ra mn hnh dy k t * to thnh tn ca bn. VD: Bn tn Ho th hy in ra mn hnh k t sau: * * * * *** * ** * * * *** * * *** * * II. Cu trc bi ton Nhp/xut d liu: Program Tn chng trnh; Uses CRT; Var Tn bin: Kiu d liu; Const Tn hng=Gi tr; Begin Khai bo cc bin dng cho bi ton: bin nhp, bin xut, bin trung gian (nu c); Khai bo hng s nu bi ton c gi tr c nh; Tn bin:=cng thc; {3. Xut d liu ra} writeln(Thng tin xut:,tn bin); readln; End. v bin

clrscr; {1.Nhp d liu vo} writeln(Thng tin v nhp:); readln(tn bin); bin

{2. Cng thc tnh d liu ra} 3- Trung tm thc hnh my tnh

Thc hnh tin hc i cng Lnh xo mn hnh; Nhp gi tr cho cc bin nhp;

Phn ngn ng PASCAL

Lp cng thc cho cc bin xut.; Xut ra mn hnh kt qu cc bin xut;

4- Trung tm thc hnh my tnh

V d minh ha: Vit chng trnh nhp vo 2 s nguyn a, b, c. Tnh v in ra mn hnh gi tr tng, hiu, tch ca a v b. Program TinhTHT; Khai bo tn chng trnh: TinhTHT; Uses CRT; Var a,b: integer; Khai bo bin: t,h,ti: integer; + Nhp d liu l 2 s nguyn (a, b). + D liu xut l tng, hiu, tch (t, h, Begin ti.); clrscr; {1. Nhp d liu} writeln(Nhap so nguyen a:); readln(a); Nhp d liu cho 2 bin nhp l a v b; writeln(Nhap so nguyen b:); readln(b); {2.Cng thc tnh d liu ra} t:=a+b; h:=a-b; tc:=a*b; {3. Xut d liu} writeln(Tong cua 2 so a+b=,t); writeln(Hieu cua 2 so a-b=,h); writeln(Tich cua 2 so a*b=,ti); readln; End.

Lp cng thc tnh cho 3 bin xut l t, h v ti;

Xut kt qu 3 bin t, h, ti.

Bi tp p dng:
1. Vit chng trnh nhp vo 2 ct im kim tra v thi mn tin hc i cng. Tnh v in ra mn hnh im trung bnh ca mn hc ny, vi t l kim tra: thi l 4:6. 2. Vit chng trnh nhp vo 2 s thc x, y. Tnh v in gi tr ca biu thc sau ra mn hnh:
f ( x, y ) = x 3 2( x + y ) x2 + y2 +3 1+ x

3. Vit chng trnh nhp vo thng tin cho mt ho n bn hng gm tn mt hng bn l mt k t, s lng bn v gi bn l s nguyn. Yu cu tnh v in ra mn hnh tng s tin phi tr cho mt hng ny theo mu sau: HOA DON THANH TOAN TIEN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Ten mat hang + So luong + Don gia + Thanh tien + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ A + 30 + 2000 + 60000 + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nha Trang, ngay 20/10/2009

III.

Cu trc bi ton dng cu lnh iu kin:

1. Mc ch s dng cu lnh iu kin: Khi mun thc hin mt thao tc (cu lnh, nhm cu lnh) bt buc phi tho mn mt iu kin (rng buc) no . 2. C php: a. Cu lnh iu kin loi 1 (iu kin khuyt, iu kin khng y ): If (btk) then Begin Lnh; End; b. Cu lnh iu kin loi 2 (iu kin y ): If (btk) then Begin Lnh I; End Else Begin Lnh E; End; c. Cu lnh iu kin lng nhau: If (btk1) then Begin Lnh 1; End Else If (btk2) then Begin Lnh 2; End Else If (btk3) then . d. Cu lnh chn la: Case (bin chn) of Gi tr 1: Begin Lnh 1; End; Gi tr 2: Begin Lnh 2; End; Gi tr n:

Begin Lnh n; End Else Begin Lnh E; End; End; 3. Cu trc chng trnh: Program Tn chng trnh; Uses CRT; Var Tn bin: Kiu d liu; Const Tn hng=Gi tr; Begin clrscr; {1.Nhp d liu vo} writeln(Thng tin v bin nhp:); readln(tn bin); {2. Phn x l chnh} Cu lnh iu kin; Lnh xo mn hnh; Nhp gi tr cho cc bin nhp; Phn x l d liu xut bt buc tho iu kin cho trc;

Khai bo cc bin dng cho bi ton: bin nhp, bin xut, bin trung gian (nu c); Khai bo hng s nu bi ton c gi tr c nh;

{3. Xut d liu ra} writeln(Thng tin v bin Xut ra mn hnh kt qu cc bin xut; xut:,tn bin); readln; End. V d minh ha: 1. Vit chng trnh nhp vo s thc x. Tnh v in kt qu ca biu thc:
3 x F ( x ) = 3 x 0

Nu x>0 Nu x<0 Nu x=0

Program CanBac3; Uses CRT; Var x,f:real; Begin clrscr; {1. Nhp d liu}

Khai bo tn chng trnh CanBac3; Khai bo bin: + D liu nhp l s thc (x). + D liu xut gi tr biu thc (f);

writeln(Nhap so thuc x:); readln(x); {2.Phn x l chnh} If (x>0) then f:=exp(1/3*ln(x)) Else If (x<0) then f:=-exp(1/3*ln(abs(x))) Else f:=0; {3. Xut d liu} writeln(Gia tri bieu thuc=,f:0:3); readln; End.

Nhp d liu cho bin nhp l x;

Lp cng thc tnh cho bin xut l f theo tng iu kin;

Xut kt qu bin f (theo nh dng ly 3 s sau du chm thp phn);

2. Vit chng trnh nhp vo 2 s thc a, b, nhp vo 1 k t php ton (+, -, *, /). Tnh v in kt qu tng ng vi php ton nhp vo cho 2 s a v b. Program PhepToan; Uses CRT; Var a,b,kq:real; pt:char; Khai bo tn chng trnh PhepToan; Khai bo bin: + D liu nhp l 2 s thc (a,b) v 1 php ton (pt). + D liu xut l kq tu theo tng php ton;

Begin clrscr; {1. Nhp d liu} writeln(Nhap so thuc a:); Nhp d liu cho 3 bin nhp l a, b v readln(a); pt; writeln(Nhap so thuc b:); readln(b); writeln(Nhap vao ki tu phep toan (+,-,*,/):); readln(pt); {2.Phn x l chnh} Case (pt) of +: Begin kq:=a+b; writeln(a+b=,kq:0:2); End; -: Lp cng thc tnh cho bin xut kq tu theo gi tr ca php ton pt; Xut kt qu bin kq (theo nh dng ly 2 s sau du chm thp phn);

Begin kq:=a-b; writeln(a-b=,kq:0:2); End; *: Begin kq:=a*b; writeln(a*b=,kq:0:2); End; /: Begin If (b<>0) then begin kq:=a/b; writeln(a/b=,kq:0:2); End Else writeln(Khong thuc hien duoc phep toan /); End Else writeln(Khong co ki tu phep toan nay!); End; readln; End. Bi tp p dng: 1. Vit chng trnh nhp vo 2 ct im kim tra v thi ca mn THC. Tnh im trung bnh mn hc ny theo t l kim tra: thi l 4: 6, ri xp loi hc lc mn hc theo trc xp loi sau: Km Yu TB TBK Kh Gii XS

0 3.5 5 6 7 8 9 10 2. Vit chng trnh nhp vo 3 cnh ca tam gic (a, b, c), xt xem a, b, c c to thnh 3 cnh 1 tam gic khng? Nu to thnh 3 cnh ca tam gic th cho bit l tam gic g? 3. Vit chng trnh nhp vo bn knh ng trn R, nhp vo mt s nguyn n. Tu theo gi tr ca s nguyn n hy thc hin cc cng vic sau: n=1 Tnh v in gi tr chu vi ca ng trn. n=2 Tnh v in gi tr din tch ca ng trn. n=3 Tnh v in gi tr th tch ca hnh cu. n l bt k gi tr khng phi l 1, 2, 3 th in thng bo Tam dung chuong trinh tai day! 4. Vit chng trnh tnh tin in vi cc yu cu sau: - Nhp vo 2 ch s in mi, c ca 1 cng t in.

Tnh s in nng (s kw) tiu th. Tnh s tin phi tr theo 3 mc gi sau: + S kw tiu th t 1 100: 1000/1kw. + S kw tiu th t 101 150: 1500/1kw. + S kw tiu th t 151 tr v sau: 2000/1kw. - In cc thng tin ra mn hnh theo nh dng sau: HOA DON THANH TOAN TIEN DIEN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Chi so dien cu + Chi so dien moi + Dien nang tieu thu + Thanh tien + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 160 + 320 + 160 + 195000 + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nha Trang, ngay 20/10/2009 5. Vit chng trnh nhp mt s nguyn t l mt thng no trong nm. Hy cho bit thng c bao nhiu ngy. VD: t=2 Co 28 hoc 29 ngy. T=13 Khong co thang 13.

IV.

Bi tp vng lp FOR, WHILE DO, REPEAT UNTIL:

1 1 1 1 + + +..... + 1 1 + 2 1 + 2 +3 1 + 2 + 3 +... + n

3. VCT nhp mt s nguyn dng N (5 N 10). Tnh v in ra gi tr biu thc sau (ly 4 ch s sau du chm phn thp phn ca kt qu) : a) b) c)
1 + 2! + 3! + .... + N ! ! 1 + 2 2 + 3 2 + .... + N 2
2

(1)
i =1

1
i +1

d) (1 +

1 1 1 1 ).(1 + 2 ).(1 + 2 )...( 1 + 2 ) 2 2 3 4 N

4. VCT nhp mt s nguyn dng N (N 20) sao cho N lun lun l s l. Tnh v in ra gi tr biu thc sau : S = 1.(-2). 3.(-4) (-(n-1)). n 5. VCT nhp vo mt s nguyn dng chn n 10. Tnh v in gi tr biu thc sau(kt qu ly 2 s sau du chm thp phn.
S = 2!+4!+6!+... + n! 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + ( n 1)

6. VCT nhp vo mt s nguyn dng n 10. Tnh v in gi tr S (kt qu ly 2 s sau du chm thp phn)

1! 2! 3! n! S= + + + . ..+ 1 1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3 1 + 2 + 3 + .. .+ n

7. VCT nhp vo mt s nguyn dng l 9. Tnh v in gi tr S(kt qu ly 3 s sau du chm thp phn.
S= 1! 2! 3! n! + 2 + 3 + ... + n 1 2 2 2
1 1 1 +3!+ +... +( n 1)!+ 2! 4! n!

8. VCT nhp mt s nguyn dng chn 10. nh v in ra mn hnh kt qu S.

S =1 + !

9. VCT nhp hai s nguyn dng a v b (a < b). In ra mn hnh : - Cc s thuc on [a,b] chia ht cho 2 v 3 - S lng cc s thuc on [a,b] chia ht 4 v 5 10. VCT nhp mt s nguyn n v mt s thc x (0 n 10, 0 x 10)
( x 1) 2 ( x 2) 2 ( x n) 2 + + ... + 1 2 n - Xut ra kt qu S
- Tnh S =

V.

Bi tp mng:

11. VCT nhp vo mng gm n phn t s nguyn (0<n<15). In ra mn hnh : - Cc phn t c gi tr l. - Cc phn t v tr chn. 12. VCT nhp vo mt mng gm n phn t s nguyn (0<n<20). Tm s ln nht, s nh nht v xc nh v tr ca cc phn t ny. 13. VCT nhp mt dy cc s nguyn gm n phn t (4 n 10), trong cc phn t c gi tr thuc [0..50] - In ra mn hnh dy s va nhp, mi phn t cch nhau 2 khong trng - Tnh v in ra gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc phn t trong dy l bi s ca 3 (ly 2 ch s sau du chm phn thp phn ca kt qu). 14. VCT nhp mt dy cc s nguyn gm n phn t (2 n 20), trong cc phn t c gi tr i mt khc nhau. - In ra s lng cc phn t c gi tr ln hn trung bnh cng . - In ra mn hnh cc phn t c gi tr l v v tr chn. 15. Nhp mt dy s nguyn A gm (3 n 20), gi tr ca cc phn t [-10,10]. Thc
hin thao tc sau:

a) In dy A, mi phn t trn mt dng(gi tr ca phn t in ra ch ly 2 s sau du chm thp phn). b) Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc phn t trong dy A c gi tr >0. c) Thay gi tr ca cc phn t trong A c gi tr <0 bng -1 ri in dy A va thay i ra mn hnh

VI.

Bi tp chui k t:

1. Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt chui k t s, chiu di ti a 200 k t. Thc hin cc cng vic sau: In ra mn hnh: a. Chui s sau khi chun ho. b. S lng t c mt trong chui s.

c. S lng k t ch ci c mt trong chui s. d. S lng k t c bit c mt trong chui s. e. S lng k t ch ci nguyn m hoa c mt trong chui s. 2. Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt chui k s chun, chiu di ti a 150. Thc hin cc cng vic sau: In ra mn hnh: a. Cc k t ch s c trong s. b. Cc t c trong chui s theo nh dng mi t trn mt dng. c. Chui s sau khi i cc k t ch ci in thng thnh k t in hoa tng ng. d. Chui s sau khi i cc k t nguyn m thnh k t *. e. Chui s sau khi m ho cc k t sau theo quy lut: A B v C D. 3. Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt chui k t s chun, chiu di ti a 250. Thc hin cc cng vic sau: In ra mn hnh: a. T u tin ca chui s. b. T cui cng ca chui s. c. Chui s sau khi xo t u tin. d. Chui s sau khi xo t cui cng. -Lnh Vng lp For Var i, n : integer Khai bo Begin Repeat Write(Nhap gia tri n);Readln(n); Until (n>0) and (n<50); For i:=1 to n do If i.. then .. Write(Ket qua S = ,S); Readln; End.

S phn t n (0<n<50)

Theo yu cu ca bi Xut kt qu S ra mn hnh

Kt thc chng trnh

-Kiu mng
Var a: array[1..50] of Kiu d liu; Khai bo i, n : integer; Begin Repeat Write(Nhap so phan tu n);Readln(n); S phn t n (0<n<15) Until (n>0) and (n<15); For i:=1 to n do

Begin cc phn t Write(Nhap a[,i,] = );Readln(a[i]); End; Writeln(In ra man hinh cac phan tu vua nhap); For i:=1 to n do Write(a[i]:4); cc phn t For i:=1 to n do If a[i] then

Nhp gi tr ca

In ra mn hnh gi tr ca

Theo yu cu ca bi

Readln; Kt thc chng trnh End. -Kiu chui Var S: String[ di]; Khai bo i : integer; Begin Repeat Write(Nhap chuoi chuan (hay bat ky);Readln(S); Nhp chui Until (length(S)<>) and (length(S)>0); Writeln(In ra man hinh chuoi vua nhap); For i:=1 to length(S) do Write(S); In ra mn hnh chui For i:=1 to length(S) do If S[i] then Theo yu cu ca bi Readln; End.

Kt thc chng trnh