CHUDE | CUCTRITRONG HINH KHONG GIAN 1.1, BAI TOAN 1. | Bai todn: ; Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho cac dim A,, A,,...A,. Xét véc to W=a,MA, +a,MA, +...+0,MA, Trong 46 0, d2,..,0, 1 cde sé thyc cho truéc théa man 04 +g +... 4c, #0. Tim diém M thugc mat phng (P) sao cho || c6 49 dai nhé nhdt. © Phuong phap: Goi Gla diém théa man a,GA, +a,GA; hoan toan xac dinh). W=(a, +0, +..+0,)MG +0,GA, +0,GA, +...+0,GA, (0, +0 +... +04) MG. Do dé |i] =[ay +c +... +] [MG] Vi a, +a, +..+0, la hing s6 hdc khong nén || c6 gid tri nho nhét khi va chi khi MG nhé nhét, ma M<(P) nén diém M can tim la hinh chiéu cia G trén mat phing (P). 11.1. CAC Vi DY MINH HOA. : ‘Vi du 14.1. Cho cde diém A(2;1;-1),B(Q; 3;1) va mat phdng (P) véi (P): x+y-z+3=0. Tim toa dé diém M thugc mat phéng (P) a) |MA+MB| dar gid tri nko nhdt, 6) |2MA - MB| dar gid eri nho nhde 7 Lai giai. 8) Goi trung diém ciia AB 14 1(; 2; 0). Ta cé6 MA+MB=2MI nén [MA + MAB] = 2|Nti| - 21, nén [MA + MB dat gid trj nho nhdt khi va chi khi MI nhé nbét. Ma Me (P) nén M cn tim la hinh chiéu cia I trén (P). IM=t. Me(P) Gia sir M(x; y; 2) thi IM(x -1; y-2; 2) nén tir 2),‘Vay diém M can tim la M(-1; 0; 2). b) Goi J(a;b;c) la diém thoa min 2JA-JB=0= J(4; c6 2MA - MIB = 2M + 2JA -Mij -JB = Mi nén |2MA - MB| 3). Ta [Sa] = Ma Do 46 ppMaA -MB| cé gid tr nhé nbét khi MJ nhé nhdt, hay M 1a hinh chiéu cia J trén mat phing (P). x-4_y+l_2+3 Goi M(x; y; 2) tacé toad} M théamanhé} To. xty-24+3=0 Suy ra toa d6 diém can tim la M(i; - 4; 0). dy 14.2. Cho ede diém AC 0;~1),B(Q; ~2 1),C(; ~1; 0) vid mat phiing (P): x-2y +22+6=0. Tim toad6 diem M thude mat phiing (P) sao cho a) |MA+MB+ MC dar gid eri nho nl ») [PMA-4MB + 3MC| dae gid tri nho nha. Loi gia a) Goi trong tm cita tam giée ABC li GO ; 0). Ta cé MA+MB+MC=3MG nén [MA+MB+MC| =3|MG, én [MA + MBB + MC| dat gia tri nh nhat khi va chi khi MG nhé nhét. Ma Me (P) nén diém M cdn tim la hinh chiéu cia G trén (P). Gia sit M(x; y; 2) thi IM(x-1; y +1; 2) yel_2 1 a 2 = M(0;1; -2). Me(P) x-2y +22+6=0 Vay diém M can tim la MO; b) Goi J(asb;c) 1a diém thoa Tacé: JA( -a; ~b; -1-0), JB -a; ~2~b; 1-0), JO(-a; ~1—b; ~c) Nén 2JA — 4JB +33 = (-6—a; 5 —b; -6—c), suy ra J(-6; 5; ~ 6). Vi 2MA-4MB+3MC-MJ+2JA-4JB+33C-MJ nén biéu thite a khi MJ nho nhat, hay M lahinh chiéu cia diém J trén mat phiing JToa d9 diém M(x; y; 2) théa man hé Diém M can tim la w(- 1.2. BAITOAN 2. Of Bai todn: Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho cdc diém Aj, Ag,...,A, Xét bigu thite: T= 0,MA? +a,MA3 +...+0,MA? Trong dé o,, o4,,...,04, 1a cdc s6 thye cho truéc. Tim diém M thuge mat phing (P) sao cho * 'T cé gid tri nho nhat biét a, +0, +...+a, >0. # T cé gid trj lon nhat biét a, +a, +...+0,, <0, © Phuong phap: Goi G la diém théa man a,GA, +a,GA, +...+0,GA, =0 (diém G hoan toan xéc dinh), Taco MA, =MG+GA, voi k =1;2;...;n, nén MA; =(MG+GA,) Do d6 T=(a, +a, +... +0, MG? +a,GA} +a,GA3 +... +0,GA2 Vi o,GA} +a,GA} +...+a,GA% khong déi nén = véi a, +a) +...+0,, >0 thi T dat gid tri nhé nhdt khi va chi khi MG nhé nat. # vGi a, +a, +..+a, <0 thi T dat gid trj lon nbét khi va chi khi MG ho nat. . . Ma Me(P) nén MG nhé nhdt khi diém M 18 hinh chiéu cia G trén mit phing (P). 11.2. CAC Vi DY MINH HOA | Vi dy 14.3. Cho cic diém A(-3; 5; 5), B(5;~8;7) va mat phing (P):x+y+2=0. Tim diém M thudc mat phang (P) sao cho a) MA? + MB? cé gid tri nho nhdt. 4) MA* ~2MB? cé gid tri In nha Loi gid a) Goi trung diém cia AB 1a IQ; 1; 1). Khi dé IA + 1B MG? +2MG.GA; +Ga?