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CC DNG TON HA V C
Fe FeCl3
0,2 0,2
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-1-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
n O (FexOy ) = 0,1.2 0,1.1 = 0,1 Khi lng ca O = 1.16 = 1,6
m Fe = 2,6 1,6 = 1 gam
Cu 4 :Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl thu c x gam mui clorua . Nu ho tan hon
ton m gam Fe trong dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c y gam mui nitrat . Khi lng 2 mui chnh
lch nhau 23 gam . Ga tr ca m l ?
Fe + HCl FeCl2
a
a
Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3
a
a
Khi lng FeCl2 = x = 127a
Khi lng Fe(NO3)3 = y = 242a
y x = 23 242a 127a = 115a = 23 a = 0,2
m Fe = 0,2.56 = 11,2 gam
Cu 5 :Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 va thu c
dung dch X ch cha hai mui sunfat v kh duy nht NO . Ga tr ca a l ?
S : a = 0,06 mol
Dng phng php bo ton nguyn t :
FeS2 Fe2(SO4)3 (1)
0,12
Cu2S CuSO4
a
0,06
(2)
2a
Bo ton nguyn t S :
V tri :0,24 + a
v V phi :0,18 + 2a
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-2-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 7 :Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm 6,4 gam Cu v 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO3 1M sau phn
ng thu c dung dch A v kh NO duy nht . Cho tip dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c
kt ta B v dung dch C . Lc kt ta B ri em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i th khi
lng cht rn thu c l ?
S : 16
Cu Cu(NO3)2 Cu(OH)2 CuO
0,1
0,1 ( Bo ton nguyn t Cu )
Fe Fe(NO3)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3
0,1
0,05 ( Bo ton nguyn t Fe )
Cht rn l : CuO 0,1 mol ; Fe2O3 0,05 mol
Khi lng : 80.0,1 + 0,05.160 = 16 gam
Cu 8 :Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,4 mol FeO v 0,1 mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch HNO3 long d ,
thu c dung dch A v kh NO duy nht . Dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c
kt ta . Ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi
lng l ?
S : 48 gam
FeO Fe(NO3)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3
0,4
0,2 (bo ton Fe )
Fe2O3 Fe(NO3)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3
0,1
0,1
Cht rn sau khi nung l : Fe2O3 : 0,3 mol Khi lng 0,3.16 = 48 gam
Cu 9 :Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe2O3 trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh
H2 ktc v dung dch B .Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d lc ly kt ta , nung trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi lng bng 24 gam . Tnh m ?
s : 21.6 gam .
Fe + HCl H
0,1
0,1
Fe FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 Fe2O3
0,1
0,05 (bo ton Fe )
Fe2O3 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3
a
a
Theo phng trnh s mol Fe2O3 thu c l : 0,05 + a
Cht rn sau khi nung l : Fe2O3 : 24/160 = 0,15 mol 0,05 + a = 0,15 a = 0,1
m = 0,1.56 + 0,1.160 = 21,6
Bi tp lm thm :
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-3-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
BI TON CO2
Dn kh CO2 vo dung dch kim NaOH , KOH th t xy ra phn ng :
CO2 + KOH KHCO3
KHCO3 + KOH K2CO3 + H2O
Ngoi ra ta c th vit lun hai phn ng :
1----------
2----------
1----------
(1)
2----------
(2)
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-4-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Xt t s mol : k = n CO2 / n Ca(OH)2
Nu k 1 Ch c phn ng (1) , mui thu c l CaCO3 (D Ca(OH)2)
Nu 1 < k < 2 C c hai phn ng , mui thu c l hai mui CaCO3 , Ca(HCO3)2
(Sau phn ng c CO2 v Ca(OH)2 u ht ).
Nu k 2 Ch c phn ng (2) , mui thu c l mui trung ha Ca(HCO3)2 . (d CO2 )
Cu 4 : Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 ktc vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a
mol/l , thu c 15,76 gam kt ta .Ga tr ca a l ?
n CO2 = 0,12 mol , n BaCO3 = 0,08 mol
n CO2 > n BaCO3 Xy ra 2 phn ng :
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 + H2O
0,12
0,08
Bo ton nguyn t C S mol ca C Ba(HCO3)2 l : 0,12 0,08 = 0,04 mol
S mol ca Ba(HCO3)2 = 0,02 mol
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-5-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Bo ton nguyn t Ba S mol Ba(OH)2 = 0,08 + 0,02 = 0,1 mol CM Ba(OH)2 = 0,1/2,5 = 0,04 M
Cu 5 :Cho 3,36 lt kh CO2 ktc vo 200 ml dung dch cha NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,5M .
Khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng l ?
n CO2 = 0,15 mol , n OH- = 0,2 + 0,2 = 0,4 mol , n Ba2+ = 0,1 mol
CO2 + OH- HCO30,15 0,4 ------0,15
OH- d = 0,4 0,15 = 0,25 mol ,
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O
0,15
0,25 -0,15 mol
OH d : 0,25 0,15 = 0,1 mol
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3
0,1
0,15 ----0,1 mol
Khi lng kt ta l : 0,1.197 = 19,7 gam
Cu 6 :Dn 5,6 lt CO2 hp th hon ton vo 500 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 nng a M
th thu c 15 gam kt ta . Ga tr ca a l ?
Gii tng t bi 4 .
Cu 7 :Dn 112 ml CO2 ktc hp th han ton vo 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c
0,1 gam kt ta . Nng mol ca nc vi trong l ?
Gii tng t bi 4 .
Cu 8 :Dn 5,6 lt CO2 hp th hon ton vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH nng a M thu
c dung dch X c kh nng tc dng ti a 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M .
Tnh a ?
n CO2 = 0,25 mol , n KOH = 0,1 mol
Dung dch X c kh nng ha tan c KOH nn X phi c mui NaHCO3
NaHCO3 + KOH Na2CO3 + K2CO3 + H2O
0,1 -----0,1
Ta c th vit tm tt phn ng :
CO2 + NaOH Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 + H2O
0,25
0,1
Bo ton nguyn t C S mol Na2CO3 = 0,15 mol
Bo ton nguyn t Na S mol NaOH = 0,1 + 0,15.2 = 0,4
CM NaOH = 0,4/0,2 = 2 M
Cu 9. Cho ton 0,448 lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton bi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu -c
1,97 gam kt ta. Hy la chn nng mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)2.
A. 0,05M
B. 0,1M
C. 0,15M
D. p n khc.
Gii tng t Cu 4
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-6-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 10. Cho 3,36lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 1M th
thu -c bao bao nhiu gam kt ta.
A. 19,7 gam
B. 24,625 gam
C. 14,775 gam
D. c A, B u ng.
Gii tng t cu 5
Cu 11. Hn hp X gm 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi thuc 2 chu k lin tip ca phn nhm
chnh nhm II. Ha tan ht 16,18 gam hn hp A trong dung dch HCl thu -c kh B. Cho ton b
kh B hp th vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M. Lc b kt ta , ly dung dch n-c lc tc dng
vi l-ng d- dung dch Na2SO4 th thu -c 11,65 gam kt ta. Xc nh cng thc ca 2 mui.
A. BeCO3 v MgCO3 B. MgCO3 v CaCO3
C. CaCO3 v SrCO3 D. c A, B u ng
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,5mol , n BaSO4 = 0,05 mol
Xt bi ton t : phn dn kh CO2 qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M .
Trng hp (1) ch xy ra mt phn ng
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O (1)
0,15---0,45
Sau phn ng Ba(OH)2 d
Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaOH
0,05 ------------------0,05 mol
S mol Ba(OH)2 tham gia phn ng (1) = 0,5 0,05 = 0,45
Gi cng thc trung bnh ca hai mui : MCO3
MCO3 + 2HCl MCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,2---------------------------0,2
MCO3 = 16,18/0,2 = 80,9 M = 20,19 Mg , Be tha mn
Trng hp 2 : C 2 phn ng : Vit tm tt li
Ba(OH)2 + CO2 BaCO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 + H2O (1)
0,5
0,05
Ba(HCO3)2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaHCO3
0,05 -----------------------0,05
Bo ton s mol Ba (1) S mol BaCO3 = 0,045
Bo ton C (1) S mol CO2 = 0,45 + 0,1 = 0,55
MCO3 + 2HCl MCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,55-------------------------0,55
MCO3 = 16,18/0,55 = 29,4 Mg , Ca tha mn
Chn D .
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-7-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
S mol CO2 tnh theo BaCO3 : n CO2 = 0,1 mol V CO2 = 2,24 mol
Convert by TVDT
(1)
(2)
-8-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 15 : Cho 4,48l kh CO2 (dktc) vao` 500ml hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M. thu c m gam kt
ta . Tnh m
A:19,7
B:17,72
C:9,85
D:11,82
Bi gii :
Gii bng phng php ion : n CO2 = 0,2 mol , n NaOH = 0,05 mol , n Ba(OH)2 = 0,1 mol Tng s mol OH- = 0,25 mol ,
s mol Ba2+ = 0,2 mol
Xt phn ng ca CO2 vi OHCO2 + OH- HCO3Ban u 0,2 0,25
Tnh theo CO2 : HCO3- = 0,2 mol , OH- d = 0,25 0,2 = 0,05
Tip tc c phn ng :
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O
Ban u
0,2
0,05
Tnh theo HCO3- : S mol CO32- = 0,05 mol
Tip tc c phn ng : CO32- + Ba2+ BaCO3
Ban u
0,05 0,2
Tnh theo CO32- : BaCO3 = 0,05 mol m = 0,05.197 = 9,85 gam
Chn p n C.
Cu 16: Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70.
B. 17,73.
C. 9,85.
D. 11,82.
n NaOH = 0,5.0,1 = 0,05 mol,n Ba(OH)2 = 0,5.0,2 = 0,1 mol , n CO2 = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 mol
NaOH Na+ + OH0,05
0,05 mol
0,1
0,2 mol
Ban u 0,2
0,25
CO2 ht , n OH- d : 0,25 0,2 = 0,025 mol , n HCO3- = 0,2 mol
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
Ban u
0,05
0,2
0,05
HCO3- d : 0,2 0,05 = 0,15 mol , n CO32- : 0,05 mol
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3
Ban u
0,1
0,05
Ba2+ d : 0,1 0,05 = 0,05 mol , n BaCO3 = 0,05 mol Khi lng kt ta : 197.0.05 = 9,85 gam
Chn C
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-9-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
0,08 mol
Cu 2: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c
1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,72.
B. 35,50.
C. 49,09.
D. 34,36.
n NO = 1,344/22,4 = 0,06 mol , gi x , y l s mol ca Fe(NO3)3 , H2O
(Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 ) + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
11,36
2y.63
x
242x
0,06
0,06.30
y
18.y
Trong : x mol Fe(NO3)3 c : 3x mol N , Trong 0,06 mol NO c 0,06 mol N S mol N v tri : 3x + 0,06 mol
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t : n N v tri = 3x + 0,06 n HNO3 = 3x + 0,06 (v 1 mol HNO3 tng ng vi 1 mol N ) .
Mt khc trong y mol H2O c 2y mol H S H HNO3 cng l 2y ( Bo ton H ) n HNO3 = 2y mol 3x + 0,06 = 2y 3x
2y = -0,06 (1)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng : 11,36 + 126y = 242x + 1,8 + 18y
242x 108y = 9,56 (2)
Giai (1) , (2) x = 0,16 mol , y = 0,27 m Fe(NO3)3 = 242.0,16 = 38,72 gam
Chn A
Cch 2 :
Hn hp gm Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 c to thnh t hai nguyn t O , Fe .
Ga s coi hn hp trn l hn hp ca hai nguyn t O , Fe . Ta quan st s bin i s oxi ha :
Fe 3e Fe+3
x 3x
O + 2e O-2
y 2y
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,18 0,06
Theo nh lut bo ton e : 3x 2y = 0,18
Tng khi lng hn hp l : 56x + 16y = 11,36
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- 10 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Cu 3 : Cho 9,12 gam h n hp gm FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) . Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y t hu c 7,62 gam FeCl 2 v
m gam FeCl 3 . Gi tr ca m l :
A. 9,75
B. 8,75
C. 7,80
D. 6,50
Ta c th q uy i F e 3 O 4 = Fe O + Fe 2 O 3
L c n y h n h p ch t r n ch c n F eO , Fe 2 O 3
Fe O + 2 H Cl F e Cl 2 + H 2 O
x
x
Fe 2 O 3 + 6 H Cl 2 F e Cl 3 + 3 H 2 O
Y
2y
G i x , y l s mo l c a c h t Fe O , F e 2 O 3 .
m ch t r n = 7 2 x + 1 6 0 y = 9 ,1 2 g a m
Kh i l n g mu i F e Cl 2 l : 1 2 7 x = 7 ,6 2
Gia i h : x = 0 ,0 6 mo l , y = 0 ,0 3 mo l
Kh i l n g mu i Fe C l 3 = 2 .0 ,0 3 .1 6 2 ,5 = 9 ,7 5 g a m
Ch n p n A .
Cu 4: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c 500 ml
dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Ca
B. Ba
C. K
D. Na
Dng phng php quy i nguyn t : M , M2On quy i thnh M , O
Ta c : Mx + 16y = 2,9
x = 0,5.0,04 = 0,02
M + nH2O M(OH)n + n/2H2
x
x
M Mn+ + ne;
O + 2e O2-;
2H+ + 2e H2
x----------nx
y--2y
0,02 0,01
Bo ton s mol e nx = 2y + 0,02
Gii h ta c : n = 2 ; M = 137 Ba
p n B
Cu 5: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un nng v
khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 151,5.
B. 97,5.
C. 137,1.
D. 108,9.
n NO = 0,15 mol ; kim loi d l Cu Ch to thnh mui st II
Quy i hn hp thnh 3 nguyn t Cu , Fe , O
S cho nhn e :
Cu 2e Cu2+
Fe 2e Fe2+
O + 2e O-2
x--2x
y--2y
z--2z
Bo ton mol e 2x + 2y = 2z + 0,45
Khi lng : 61,2 = 64x + 56y + 16z + 2,4 (Cu d )
V Fe3O4 n Fe : n O = y : z = 3 : 4
Giai h ta c : x = 0,375 ; y = 0,45 ; z = 0,6
Mui khan : Cu(NO3)2 = 0,375.188 = 70,5 ; Fe(NO3)2 = 0,45.180 = 81
Tng khi lng : 151,5 gam .
Convert by TVDT
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,45-0,15
- 11 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
p n A
H ni 2009
Cu 6 : Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn hp cht rn X gm Cu , CuO , Cu2O
hon tan hon ton X trong H2SO4 c nng thot ra 4,48 lt kh SO2 duy nht ktc . Tnh m
Quy i Cu , CuO , Cu2O v hai nguyn t : Cu , O
+2
Cu 2e Cu
-2
O + 2e O
+6
+4
S + 2e S
Gi x , y l s mol ca Cu , O 2x = 2y + 0,4 x y = 0,2
64x + 16y = 24,8
x = 0,35 , y = 0,15 m = 64.0,35 = 22,4
Cu 7 :Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Fe , FeCl2 , FeCl3 trong H2SO4 c nng thot ra
4,48 lt kh SO2 duy nht ktc v dung dch Y . Thm NH3 d vo Y thu c 32,1 gam kt ta .
Tnh m
Quy i hn hp Fe , FeCl2 , FeCl3 thnh Fe , Cl
S cho nhn e :
Fe 3e Fe+3
Cl- + e Cl-1
S+6 + 2e S+4
Gi x , y l s mol ca Fe , Cl
n SO2 = 0,2 mol
3x = y + 0,4
Fe Fe+3 Fe(OH)3
Kt ta l Fe(OH)3 c n = 0,3 x = 0,3 y = 0,5
Do m = 0,3.56 + 0,5.35,5 = 34,55
Cu 8 : 2002 A
Cho 18,5 gam hn hp Z gm Fe , Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v khuy u
. Sau phn ng xy ra han ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht ktc , dung dch Z1 v cn li 1,46 gam
kim loi .
Tnh nng mol/lit ca dung dch HNO3
Dng phng php quy i nguyn t :
Hn hp z ch c hai nguyn t Fe , O .
V Z + HNO3 cn d kim loi Fe d , vy Z1 ch c mui st II
Fe - 2e Fe+2
x
2x
O + 2e O-2
y
2y
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,3
0,1
Theo nh lut bo ton e :
2x 2y = 0,3
Tng khi lng Z : 56x + 16y = 18,5 - 1,46
Gii h : x = 0,27 , y = 0,12
C phng trnh :
Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + NO + H2O (1)
0,27
0,27
0,1
Bo ton nguyn t N (1) s mol HNO3 = 2.0,27 + 0,1 = 0,64
Nng mol ca HNO3 : 0,64 / 0,2 = 3,2
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- 12 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Cu 9 : m gam bt Fe trong kh oxi thu c 7,36 gam cht rn X gm Fe , Fe2O3 , FeO , Fe3O4 .
ha tan hon ton hn hp X cn va ht 120 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M to thnh 0,224 lt kh H2 iu
kin tiu chun . Tnh m
Li gii :
Quy i hn hp X thnh 2 nguyn t Fe , O ; gi s mol st to thnh mui Fe II , st to thnh mui Fe III ,
O l a ,b ,c
Ta c : 56a + 56b + 16c = 7,36
S cho nhn e :
2+
Fe 2e Fe
3+
Fe 3e Fe
-2
O + 2e O
+1
2H + 2e H2
2a + 3b 2c = 0,02
Tm tt s phn ng :
Fe ( a mol ) Fe ( b mol ) + H2SO4 (0,12 mol ) FeSO4 (a mol ) + Fe2(SO4)3 (b/2 mol )
Bo ton nguyn t S : a + 3/2 b = 0,12
Gii h 3 phng trnh : a = 0,06 , b = 0,04 , c = 0,11
Tng s mol Fe : 0,06 + 0,04 = 0,1 Khi lng Fe : 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 gam
Cu 10 . Ho tan 20,8 gam hn hp bt gm FeS, FeS2, S bng dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c 53,76
lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, kC. v dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d,
lc ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c l:
A. 16 gam
B. 9 gam
C. 8,2 gam
D. 10,7 gam
Hn hp FeS , FeS2 , S c to ra t cc nguyn t : Fe , S
S mol NO2 = 53,76/22,4 = 2,4 mol
S bin i e :
Fe 3e Fe+3
x 3x
S - 6e S+6
y 6y
N+5 + 1e N+4
2,4 2,4 mol
Tng s mol e cho = tng s mol e nhn 3x + 6y = 2,4
Tng khi lng hn hp ban u : 56x + 32y = 20,8
Gii h ta c : x = 0,2 , y = 0,3 mol
Theo di s bin i cc nguyn t :
Fe Fe3+ Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3
0,2
0,1 ( Bo ton nguyn t Fe )
S SO42- Na2SO4 tan
Khi lng cht rn l : khi lng Fe2O3 : 0,1.160 = 16 gam
Chn A
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- 13 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
H+ + OH
H2O
( Phn ng AXT BAZ TRUNG HO )
CO32- + 2H+
CO2 + H2O
( Phn ng Axt Bazo TRUNG HO )
HCO3- + H+
CO2 + H2O
( Phn ng AXT BAZ TRUNG HO )
HCO3- + OH
CO32- + H2O
( Phn ng AXT BAZ TRUNG HO )
CO32- + Ba2+
BaCO3 ( To kt ta )
NH4+ + OH
NH3 + H2O
( To kh )
Cc dng ton nn gii theo phng php ion :
+ Nhiu axit + Kim loi
+ Nhiu baz + Nhm , Al3+ , H+
+ Nhiu mui CO32- , HCO3- + OH+ Cu + HNO3 (KNO3 , NaNO3 ) + H2SO4 .
Bi tp :
Phn I : Vit cc phng trnh phn ng di dng ion trong cc trng hp sau :
1.Trn dung dch gm NaOH , Ba(OH)2 , KOH vi dung dch gm HCl , HNO3 .
NaOH Na+ + OHBa(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OHKOH K+ + OH-
2.Trn dung dch gm NaOH , Ba(OH)2 , KOH vi dung dch gm HCl , H2SO4
NaOH Na+ + OHBa(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OHKOH K+ + OHHCl H+ + ClH2SO4 2H+ + SO42Phng trnh ion :
H+ + OH- H2O
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 ( v BaSO4 l cht kt ta nn c phn ng )
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- 14 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Ba + H+ Ba2+ + H2
Na + H+ Na+ + H2
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
NaOH Na+ + OHCa(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH(NH4)2CO3 2NH4+ + CO32OH- + NH4+ NH3 + H2O
Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 (Kt ta )
NaOH Na+ + OHCa(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OHNH4HCO3 NH4+ + HCO32OH- + NH4+ NH3 + H2O
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 (Kt ta )
Convert by TVDT
- 15 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
11.Trn dung dch gm Na2CO3 , K2CO3 vi dung dch cha CaCl2 , MgCl2 , Ba(NO3)2
Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO32K2CO3 2K+ + CO32-
Nhn xt : Bi ton s rt phc tp nu cc em khng bit a v dng ion gii chng , thng th
cc em phi vit rt nhiu phng trnh S gy kh khn khi gi n .
Nu dng phng php ion ch cn 1,2 phng trnh Rt thun tin
Phn II : Bi tp
Cu 1 :Trn 200 ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 1M , Ba(OH)2 0,5M vo 300 ml dung dch hn hp
HCl 0,5M , H2SO4 1M Tnh nng ca cc ion cn li sau phn ng v Khi lng kt ta to thnh
NaOH Na+ + OH0,2
0,2
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,1
0,1
0,2
HCl H+ + Cl0,15 0,15
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,3
0,6
0,3
Tng s mol H+ : 0,75 mol , tng s mol OH- 0,4 mol , SO42- : 0,3 mol , Ba2+ : 0,1 mol ( cc ion tham gia
phn ng )
Cc ion khng tham gia phn ng : Na+ : 0,2 mol , Cl- 0,15 mol
Phng trnh ion :
H+
+
OH- H2O
Ban u
0,75
0,4
Phn ng
0,4
0,4
Kt thc
0,35
0
Ban u 0,1
Phn ng
Kt thc
Kt thc phn ng cn li cc ion : H+ d 0,35 mol , SO42- d : 0,3 mol , Na+ : 0,2 mol , Cl- 0,15 mol
Tng th tch dung dch sau phn ng : 200 + 300 = 500 ml = 0,5 (l )
p dng cng thc tnh nng [Na+ ] = 0,2/0,5 = 0,4 M , [Cl- ] = 0,15/0,5 = 0,3 , [H+ ] = 0,35/0,5 = 0,7 ,
[SO42- ] = 0,3/0,5 = 0,6
Khi lng kt ta : 233.0,1 = 23,3 gam
Cu 2 :Trn 200 ml dung dch NaHSO4 0,075M v Ba(HSO4)2 0,15M vi V lit dung dch hn hp
NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 1M thu c dung dch c PH = 7 . Tnh V v khi lng kt ta to thnh .
Convert by TVDT
- 16 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Convert by TVDT
- 17 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 4 :Trn dung dch Ba2+ ; OH- : 0,06 v Na+ 0,02 mol vi dung dch cha HCO3- 0,04 mol ;
(CO3)2- 0,04 mol v Na+.Khi lng (g)kt ta thu c sau phn ng l ?
Dng nh lut bo ton in tch :
Dung dch (1)
Ba2+ : a mol
OH- : 0,06 mol
2a + 0,02 = 0,06 a = 0,02 mol
Dung dch (2)
HCO3- : 0,04 mol
CO3- : 0,03 mol
0,04 + 2.0,03= b b = 0,1
Phn ng ha hc ca cc ion
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
Ban u 0,06
0,04
Phn ng
0,04 0,04
0,04
Kt thc
0,02
0
0,04
Cu 6 :Cho hn hp X cha Na2O , NH4Cl , NaHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng nhau .
Cho hn hp X vo H2O d un nng dung dch thu c cha .
A.NaCl B.NaCl , NaOH C.NaCl , NaOH , BaCl2 D.NaCl , NaHCO3 , NH4Cl , BaCl2
Na2O + H2O 2NaOH
a
2a
NaOH Na+ OH2a
2a
NH4Cl NH4+ + Cla
a
NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO3a
a
BaCl2 Ba2+ + 2Cl-
Convert by TVDT
- 18 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
a
a
Cc phng trnh ion :
OH- + NH4+ NH3 + H2O
a
a OH- d a mol , NH4+ ht
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
a
a c OH- , HCO3- u ht
CO32- + Ba2+ BaCO3
a
a
C CO32- , Ba2+ u ht
Vy dung dch ch cn ion Cl- , Na+ Mui NaCl
Cu 7 :Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch gm H2SO4
0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X . Tnh PH ca dung dch X .
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,01
0,01 0,02
NaOH Na+ + OH0,01
0,01
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,015
0,03 0,03
HCl H+ + Cl0,005 0,005
Tng s mol OH- : 0,03 mol , H+ 0,035 mol
Mc d c phn ng : Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 nhng n khng nh hng n PH Khng xt n .
OH+
H+ H2O
Ban u 0,03
0,035
Phn ng
0,03
0,03
Kt thc 0
0,005
Tng th tch ca dung dch sau phn ng : 100 + 400 = 500 ml = 0,5 lt [H+] = 0,01 PH =2
Cu 8 :Cho dung dch cha a mol Ca(HCO3)2 vo dung dch cha a mol Ca(HSO4)2. Hin tng quan
st c l ?
A. Si bt kh
B. vn c
C. Si bt kh v vn c
D. Vn c, sau trong sut tr li.
Ca(HCO3)2 Ca2+ + 2HCO3a
a
2a
Ca(HSO4)2 Ca2+ + 2HSO4a
a
2a
HCO3- + HSO4- CO2 + SO42- + H2O
a
a
a
a
Ca2+ + SO42- CaSO4
C kt ta to thnh v si bt kh
Convert by TVDT
- 19 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
H+
+ Cl0,2V2
0,2V2
Tng s mol H+ : 0,4V2
Phng trnh ion : H+ + OH- H2O
V dung dch thu c c PH = 13 OH- d : 0,5V1 0,4V2
PH = 13 [OH-] = 0,1 , Tng th tch sau phn ng : V1 + V2 n OH- = 0,1V1 + 0,1V2
0,5V1 0,4V2 = 0,1V1 + 0,1V2 0,4V1 = 0,5V2
V1 : V 2 = 5 : 4
Cu 12.Mt dung dch cha a mol NaHCO3 v b mol Na2CO3. Khi thm (a+b) mol CaCl2 hoc (a+b) mol
Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch th lng kt ta thu c trong hai trng hp c bng nhau khng ?
A. Lng kt ta trong hai trng hp c bng nhau.
B. Lng kt ta trong trng hp 2 gp i vi trng hp 1.
C. Trng hp 1 c b mol kt ta, trng hp 2 c (a+b) mol kt ta.
D. Trng ,hp 1 c a mol kt ta, trng hp 2 c (a+b) mol kt ta.
Trng hp 1 :
Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl
Ban u a
a+b
Phn ng a
a
a
Kt thc 0
a
a
Kt ta thu c l : a mol
Trng hp 2
Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OHa+b
a + b 2(a+b)
NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO3A
a
a
+
Na2CO3 2Na + CO32B
2b
b
Phng trnh ion :
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
Ban u a + b
a
Phn ng a
a
a
Kt thc
b
0
a
Tng s mol CO32- sau : a + b
Tng s mol Ca2+ : a + b
Phng trnh ion khc : Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3
Kt ta thu c l : a + b mol
Convert by TVDT
- 20 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 15 :Cho 0,3 mol Na vo 100 ml dung dch cha CuSO4 1M v H2SO4 2M . Hin tng quan st
c l .
A.C kh bay ln
B.C kh bay ln v c kt ta xanh
C.C kt ta
D.C kh bay ln v c kt ta mu xanh sau kt ta li tan .
CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO420,1
0,1
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,2
0,2
Khi cho Na vo dung dch Na phn ng vi H+
Na + H+ Na+ + H2
Ban u
0,3 0,2
Phn ng
0,2 0,2
0,2
Kt thc 0,1 0
D Na : 0,1 mol
Na + H2O NaOH + H2
0,1
0,1
NaOH Na+ + OH0,1
0,1
Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2
Ban u 0,1
0,1
Phn ng
0,05
0,05
0,05 mol
Kt ta Cu(OH)2 : 0,05 mol
Cu 16 :Dung dch X c cc ion Mg2+ , Ba2+ , Ca2+ V 0,1 mol Cl- , 0,2 mol NO3- . Thm dn V lt
dung dch K2CO3 1M vo dung dch X n khi c lng kt ta ln nht . Ga tr ca V l ?
Dng nh lut bo ton in tch
Mg2+ : a mol
Ba2+ : b mol
Ca2+ : c mol
Convert by TVDT
- 21 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
K2CO3 2K+ + CO32V.1
1.V
Convert by TVDT
- 22 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Convert by TVDT
( x l s mol ca H2SO4 )
- 23 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Tng s mol H+ l : 5x
V kim loi d nn H+ ht
2H+ + 2e H2
5x
2,5x
2,5x = 0,5 mol x = 0,2 mol
V kim loi d : 3,4 gam nn khi lng kim loi phn ng : 20 3,4 = 16,6 gam
Khi lng mui thu c = khi lng kim loi phn ng + khi lng (SO42- , Cl- )
= 16,6 + 96.0,2 + 35,5.0,6 = 57,1 gam
Cu 24: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe3+, SO4 2-, NH4+, Cl-. Chia dung dch X thnh hai phn bng
nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc) v 1,07
gam kt ta;
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta.
Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay
hi)
A. 3,73 gam.
B. 7,04 gam.
C. 7,46 gam.
D. 3,52 gam.
NaOH Na+ + OHBaCl2 Ba2+ + 2Cln kh = 0,672/22,4 = 0,03 mol
OH- + NH4+ NH3 + H2O (1)
0,03
0,03
Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 (2)
0,01
0,01
ss Kt ta l : Fe(OH)3 n kt ta : 1,07/107 = 0,01 mol
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
(3)
0,02
0,02 mol
n BaSO4 = 0,02 mol ,
T (1) , (2) , (3) n NH4+ = 0,03 mol , n Fe3+ = 0,01 mol , n SO42- = 0,02 mol
Gi s mol ca Cl- l x
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch : 0,03.1 + 0,01.3 = 0,02.2 + x x = 0,02 mol
Khi lng cht rn khan thu c = Tng khi lng ca cc ion
m mui = 0,03.18 + 0,01.56 + 0,02.96 + 0,02.35,5 = 3,73 gam
Chn A
Cu 25: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v
H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng
mui khan l
A. 38,93 gam.
B. 77,86 gam.
C. 103,85 gam.
D. 25,95 gam.
Dng phng php bo ton electron + ion
n HCl = 0,5.1 = 0,5 mol
n H2SO4 = 0,28.0,5 = 0,14 mol
n H2 = 8,736/22,4 = 0,39 mol
HCl H+ + Cl0,5
0,5
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,14
0,28
Tng s mol ca H+ l : 0,5 + 0,28 = 0,78 mol
S nhn e :
2H+ + 2e H2
0,39
S mol H+ nhn l : 0,39.2 = 0,78
H+ phn ng va dung dch khng cn H+
Convert by TVDT
- 24 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Convert by TVDT
- 25 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Convert by TVDT
- 26 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
OH- H2O
0,5V1
- 27 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
pH = 13 [H+] = 10-13 [OH-] = 10-1 n OH- = 0,1.(V1 + V2)
0,5V1 0,4V2 = 0,1V1 + 0,1V2 V1/V2 = 5/4
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 2.
n HCl = 0,25.1 = 0,25 mol , n H2SO4 = 0,5.0,25 = 0,125 mol , n H2 = 5,32/22,4 = 0,2375 mol
HCl H+ + Cl0,25 0,25
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,125
0,25
Tng s mol H+ = 0,25 + 0,25 = 0,5 M
Phng trnh phn ng :
Al + 6H+ Al3+ + 3H2
Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2
S mol H+ phn ng l : 2.n H2 = 2.0,2375 = 0,475 mol
H+ d = 0,5 0,475 = 0,025 mol [H+] = 0,025/0,25 = 0,1 PH = 1
( Do th tch dung dch khng i )
Chn A
Bi 10 :Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch
gm H2SO4 0,0375 M v HCl 0,0125 M thu c dung dch X . Tnh PH ca dung dch X .
A. 7.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 6.
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01 mol , n NaOH = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01 mol , n H2SO4 = 0,4.0,0375 = 0,015 mol , n HCl
= 0,0125.0,4 = 0,025 mol
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,01
0,02
NaOH Na+ + OH0,01
0,01
Tng s mol OH- : 0,02 + 0,01 = 0,03 mol
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,015
0,03
HCl H+ + Cl0,005 0,005
Tng s mol ca H+ : 0,035 mol
Phn ng :
H+ + OH- H2O
Ban u
0,035 0,03
Phn ng
0,03
0,03
Kt thc
0,005 0
Sau phn ng d 0,005 mol H+ , Tng th tch l 0,5 lit [H+] = 0,005/0,05 = 0,01 PH = Lg[H+] = -lg0,01 = 2
Chn B
Convert by TVDT
- 28 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cu 11 : X l dung dch H2SO4 0,02 M . Y l dung dch NaOH 0,035 M . Khi trn ln dung
dch X vi dung dch Y ta thu c dung dch Z c th tch bng tng th tch hai dung dch
mang trn v c PH = 2 . Coi H2SO4 in li hon ton hai nc . Hy tnh t l th tch gia
dung dch X v Y .
Cu 13 : Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08 mol/l v H2SO4 0,01 mol /l vi 250 ml
dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng x mol /l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c p H
= 12 . Hy tnh m v x . Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc .
Convert by TVDT
- 29 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cu 14 :Trn 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 mol/lit v Ba(OH)2 0,025 mol/l vi 200 ml dung
dch H2SO4 nng x mol /lit Thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c PH = 2 . Hy
tnh m v x . Coi H2SO4 in li hon ton c hai nc .
Cu 15 : Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2V ml dung dch Y. Dung
dch Y c pH l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 1.
n NaOH = V.0,01 = 0,01.V mol , n HCl = V.0,03 = 0,03.V mol
NaOH Na+ + OH0,01V
0,01V
0,01V
HCl H+ +
Cl0,03V
0,03V
H+
0,03V
OH- H2O
Cu 16 : Trn 100 ml
nng a (mol/l) thu
dung dch [ H + ][OH - ] =
A. 0,15
B.
n H C l = x mo l , n H N O 3 = y mo l
HCl H+ + Clx
x
H NO3 H + + N O 3 y
y
T n g s mo l H + : x + y
V P H = 1 [ H + ] = 0 ,1 n H + = 0 ,1 . 0 , 1 = 0 ,0 1 mo l x + y = 0 ,0 1 m o l
N Na OH = 0 ,1 .a
Na O H Na + + OH 0 ,1 .a
0 ,1 .a
C p h n n g :
H+
+ OH - H 2 O ( 1 )
Ba n u 0 ,0 1 mo l 0 ,1 .a
V P H =1 2 OH - d ,PH =1 2 [ H + ] = 1 0 - 1 2 [ OH - ] = 1 0 - 2 n O H - = V.[ OH - ] = 1 0 - 2 .0 ,2 = 0 , 0 0 2
mo l
Th eo (1 ) O H - d : 0 ,1 .a 0 ,0 1 = 0 ,0 0 2 a = 0 , 1 2 M
Ch n p n D
Cu 17 : Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp
gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A. 1,2
B. 1,0
C. 12,8
D. 13,0
Tng s mol H+ : nH+ = 0,1(2CM(H2SO4) + CM(HCl) )= 0,02; nNaOH = 0,1[CM(NaOH) + 2CM(Ba(OH)2)] = 0,04.
H+ + OH- H2O
Ban u 0,02 0,04
d 0,02 mol OH-. [OH-] = 0,02/(0,1+0,1) = 0,1 = 10-1. [H+] = 10-13 pH = 13
p n D
Convert by TVDT
- 30 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
a/2
2b
4V1
4V1
4V1
V1
Th nghim (2) :
HNO3 H+ + NO33V2
3V2
3V2
2V2
1,25V2
0,08 0,08
0,08
0,02 mol
Th nghim (2) :
HNO3 H+ + NO30,08
0,08 0,08
0,08
Convert by TVDT
- 31 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
0,04
0,1
0,1
0,1
Tnh theo H+
0,1
Cu 5 : Cho 0,96 gam Cu vo 100ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,08M v H2SO4 0,2M sinh
ra V (lit ) mt cht kh c t khi so vi H2 l 15 v dung dch A . V c gi tr l :
A. 0,1792 lit
B. 0,3584 lit
C. 0,448 lit
D. 0,336 lit
Kh c t khi so vi H2 l 15 NO
KNO3 K+
+
NO30,008
0,008
0,02
0,02
0,008
0,008 mol
Cu 6 : em nung mt khi lng Cu(NO3)2 sau mt thi gian dng li , lm ngui ri em cn thy
khi lng gim 0,54 gam . Vy khi lng mui Cu(NO3)2 b nhit phn l :
A.0,5 gam
B.0,49 gam
C.9,4 gam
D.0,94 gam
Cu(NO3)2 CuO + 2NO2 + O2
a
a
2a
a
Cht rn c c Cu(NO3)2 d
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng : khi lng cht rn gim chnh l ca NO2 v O2 thot ra
0,54 = 92a + 16a a = 0,005 mol Khi lng cht Cu(NO3)2 b nhit phn : 188.0,05 = 0,94 gam
Cu 7 : Hon tan hon ton 19,2 gam Cu trong dung dch HNO3 long nng d , kh sinh ra em trn
vi O2 d thu c X , Hp th X vo nc chuyn ht NO2 thnh HNO3 . Tnh s mol O2 tham
gia phn ng .
S : 0,15 mol
Nhn thy : Cu - 2e Cu2+
0,3
0,6 mol
Convert by TVDT
- 32 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
0,6 mol
s mol O2 phn ng : 0,6/4 = 0,15 VO2 = 3,36 lt
Convert by TVDT
- 33 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
C h n p n B
Convert by TVDT
- 34 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
BI TP V NHM
L thuyt :
AlCl3 + NaOH
Al2(SO4)3 + 6KOH
Al(NO3)3 + 3KOH
2AlCl3 + 3Ca(OH)2
Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(OH)2
Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
2Al(OH)3 + 3K2SO4
Al(OH)3 + 3KNO3
2Al(H)3 + 3CaCl2
2Al(OH)3 + 3BaSO4
(1)
(2)
Khi cho kim vo dung dch mui Al3+ , cc em nh phi xt n c hai phn ng (1) , (2) , ty iu
kin bi ton cho .
Nu bi ton cho kt ta thu c m gam cc em ng nhm ln l ch c phn ng (1)
M n c hai trng hp : TH1 c (1) ; TH2 c c (1) v (2) [trng hp ny s mol kt ta thu c
= (1) (2) ]
Al + OH- + H2O AlO2- + 3/2 H2
AlO2- + H+ + H2O Al(OH)3
V d 1 : Cho t t 100 ml dung dch NaOH 7M vo 200 ml dung dch Al(NO3)3 1M Tnh khi lng
ca cc ion thu c sau phn ng .
n Al = 0,5 ; n Al(NO3)3 = 0,2
3NaOH + Al(NO3)3 NaNO3 + Al(OH)3
Ban u
0,7
0,2
Phn ng
0,6
0,2
0,2
Kt thc
0,1
0
0,2
C tip phn ng :
Ban u
Phn ng
Kt thc
H2O
Convert by TVDT
- 35 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Luyn tp :
Cu 1 : Thm m gam K vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dung
dch X . Cho t t 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y . thu uc lng kt ta
Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l .
A.1,17
B.1,71
C.1,95
D.1,59
Dng phng php ion :
Gi x l s mol K cn a vo :
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,3.0,1 = 0,03 mol ; n NaOH = 0,3.0,1 = 0,03 mol , n Al 2(SO4)3 = 0,02 mol
K + H2O KOH + H2
x
x
Cc phng trnh in ly :
KOH K+ + OHx
x
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,03
0,06 mol
NaOH Na+ + OH0,03
0,03 mol
Tng s mol OH- d : x + 0,06 + 0,03 = x + 0,09 mol
Al2(SO4)3 2Al3+ + 3SO420,02
0,04
0,06
Cc phng trnh ion :
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 (1)
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 (2)
0,04
x + 0,09
Cu 2 :Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M . Lung kt ta
thu c l 15,6 gam . Tnh gi tr ln nht ca V ?
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (1)
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O (2)
n AlC3 = 0,3
Kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam ( n = 0,2 mol ) , c hai trng hp xy ra :
TH1 : AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (1)
Tng s mol NaOH phn ng : 0,9 + 0,1 = 1 mol V NaOH dng = 1/0,1 = 10 lt
Vy gi tr ln nht ca V l 10 lt
Nhn xt : gi tr V ln nht khi xy ra hai phn ng .
Cu 3 :Th tch dung dch NaOH 2M l bao nhiu khi cho tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch X ( HCl
1M AlCl3 0,5M ) th thu uc kt ta ln nht ?
s : 250 ml
Convert by TVDT
- 36 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 5 : Cho V lt dung dch hn hp 2 mui MgCl2 1M v AlCl3 1M tc dng vi 1.2 lt NaOH 0,5M
thu c 9.7 gam kt ta . Tnh V ln nht .
S : 100 ml .
MgCl2 +2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl (1)
V.1
2V.1
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (2)
V.1
3V.1
V.1
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O (3)
V.1
V.1
thu c mt lng kt ta 9,7 c hai kh nng xy ra : TH1 C (1) , (2) hoc TH2 c (1) , (2) , (3)
NaOH ln nht TH2 : Tng s mol NaOH phn ng : 6V = 0,6 V =0,1 lt = 100 ml
Cu 6: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,2M vo dung dch cha 0,15 mol AlCl3 thu c 9,36 gam kt ta . Tnh
V.
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (1)
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O (2)
Kt ta thu c l 8,36 gam ( n = 0,12 mol ) , c hai trng hp xy ra :
TH1 : AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
(1)
Tng s mol NaOH phn ng : 0,45 + 0,03 = 0,48 mol V NaOH dng = 0,48/0,2 = 2,4 lt
Convert by TVDT
- 37 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Convert by TVDT
- 38 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Phn II :
Ba + H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
x
x
x
2Al + Ba(OH)2 + 2H2O Ba(AlO2)2 + 3/2 H2
y
3/2y
x + 3/2y = 0,465
x = 0,024 ; y = 0,294
Khi lng Al : 0,294.27 = 7,938 gam
Cu 10:Thm 240 ml dung dch NaOH vo cc ng 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 nng CM mol ,
khuy u ti phn ng hon ton thy trong cc c 0,08 mol kt ta . Thm vo cc 100 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M khuy u thy phn ng xy ra hon ton thu oc 0,06 mol kt ta . Tnh nng
CM
A.2M
B.1,5M
C.1M
D.1,5M
Trng hp u : V kt ta lc u l 0,08 mol , sau thm 0,1 mol NaOH th cn kt ta l 0,06 mol
Chng t rng . Ch c phn ng :
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
0,08
0,24 mol 0,08 mol
V AlCl3 d a mol
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
a
3a
a
Lc ny Al(OH)3 c to thnh l : 0,08 + a
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O
Ban u
0,08 + a
Phn ng
x
x
Kt thc
0,08 + a x
CM = 0,1/0,1 = 1M
TH1 : C 1 phn ng
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
(1)
Convert by TVDT
- 39 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 13: Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe2O3 (trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H2 ( ktc);
- Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc).
Gi tr ca m l
A. 22,75
B. 21,40.
C. 29,40.
D. 29,43.
Phn ng nhit nhm :
2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe (1)
Phn II tc dng vi NaOH :
Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
x
3/2 x
S mol kh H2 thu c phn II : 3/2x = 0,84/ 22,4 = 0,0375 mol x = 0,025 mol
Phn (1) tc dng vi H2SO4 :
2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0.025
0,0375
chn A
Cu 14: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi
phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta
trn l
A. 0,45.
B. 0,35.
C. 0,25.
D. 0,05.
NaOH Na+ + OHx
0,2
Convert by TVDT
- 40 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
0,1
0,2
0,2
0,1
0,6
0,2
Lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng (1) l 0,2 mol nhng n s b phn ng mt phn a mol phn ng (2) , do
sau khi kt thc (2) c 0,1 mol kt ta a = 0,2 0,1 = 0,1 mol
Tng s mol OH- l : 0,2 + 0,6 + 0,1 = 0,9 mol V NaOH = 0,9/2 = 0,45 lt
Chn A
Cu 15: Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al4C3 vo dung dch KOH (d), thu c a mol
hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu c l 46,8 gam. Gi
tr ca a l
A. 0,55.
B. 0,60.
C. 0,40.
D. 0,45.
Al4C3 + 12H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4
x
4x
3x
Al(OH)3 + KOH KAlO2 + H2O
4x
4x
Al + KOH + H2O KAlO2 + 3/2 H2
y
y
3/2y
Tng th tch kh l : 3x + 3/2y
Dung dch gm : KAlO2 : 4x + y mol v KOH d
CO2 + KAlO2 + H2O Al(OH)3 + KHCO3
4x + y
4x + y
n kt ta = 0,6 mol 4x + y = 0,6 mol
x + y = 0,3
x = 0,1 ; y = 0,2 mol Tng s mol ca kh : 3.0,1 + 3/2.0,2 = 0,6 mol
Chn p n B
Convert by TVDT
- 41 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 18 : in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m
kg Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 54,0
B. 75,6
C. 67,5
D. 108,0
Ti catot(-) :Al3+ + 3e Al
Convert by TVDT
- 42 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
CC BI TP ST
C cc phn ng m cc em cn phi nh :
Fe + Fe3+ Fe2+
Cu + Fe3+ Cu2+ + Fe2+
Fe2+ + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag
Fe(NO3)2 nung Fe2O3 + NO2 + O2
Fe(OH)2 nung trong khng kh Fe2O3 + H2O ( Khng c khng kh th ra FeO )
FeCO3 nung trong khng kh + O2 Fe2O3 + CO2
0,3
0,1
0,2
2 Fe(NO3)3 + Fe d 3Fe(NO3)2
B
P
Kt
0,4
0,4
0
0,1
0,1
0
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,05
0,15
0,1
0,1
0,15
0,15
Khi lng kim loi d : 0,15.56 = 8,4 gam , khi lng mui : 0,15.180 = 27 gam , th tch kh :
0,1.22,4 = 0,224 lt
Cu 2 :Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo V lt dung dch HNO3 0,5 M thu c 8,4 gam kim loi d . Tnh
th tch kh thu c .
S : V = 2.24 l
Bi gii :
n Fe phn ng = (16,8 8,4)/56 = 0,15 mol
V kim loi d nn ch to thnh mui st II
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
x
4x
x
x
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2
Convert by TVDT
- 43 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
x
Cu 3 :Cho 16,8 gam bt Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M , thu c kh NO duy nht , lng
mui thu c cho vo dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta . Nung nng kt ta m khng c khng
kh thu c m gam cht rn . Tnh m ?
S : m FeO = 10.8 gam
0,3
0,1
0,2
2 Fe(NO3)3 + Fe d 3Fe(NO3)2
B
P
Kt
0,4
0,4
0
0,1
0,1
0
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,05
0,15
0,1
0,1
0,15
0,15
Cu 4 :Cho m gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thu c V lt kh NO duy nht v 14 gam
kim loi . Tnh m ? V ?
S : m = 22.4 gam , V = 2,24 lt
Hc sinh t gii .
Cu 6 :Cho 5,6 gam bt Fe tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5 M . Tnh :
khi lng mui thu c
khi lng kim loi thu c
S : m mui = 21.1 gam , m Ag = 27 gam
Bi gii :
Cc em ch n phn ng : Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
0,1
0,25 AgNO3 d : 0,05 mol , Fe(NO3)2 to thnh : 0,1 mol
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
0,1
0,05
Fe(NO 3)2 d : 0,05 mol , Fe(NO3)3 to thnh 0,05 mol
Cu 7 : Cho m gam bt Fe tc dng vi 250 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M thu c dung dch A , cho
ton vo dung dch A mt lng KOH d thu c kt ta , nung kt ta trong chn khng thu c
7,6 gam cht rn .Tnh m ?
Gi : Bi ton ny cc em xt hai kh nng :
(1) : St d
(2) : st ht C phn ng :
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Convert by TVDT
- 44 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 8 : 2002 A
Cho 18,5 gam hn hp Z gm Fe , Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v
khuy u . Sau phn ng xy ra han ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht ktc , dung dch Z1 v
cn li 1,46 gam kim loi .
Tnh nng mol/lit ca dung dch HNO3
Dng phng php quy i nguyn t :
Hn hp z ch c hai nguyn t Fe , O .
V Z + HNO3 cn d kim loi Fe d , vy Z1 ch c mui st II
Fe - 2e Fe+2
x
2x
O + 2e O-2
y
2y
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,3
0,1
Theo nh lut bo ton e :
2x 2y = 0,3
Tng khi lng Z : 56x + 16y = 18,5 - 1,46
Gii h : x = 0,27 , y = 0,12
C phng trnh :
Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + NO + H2O (1)
a
a
0,1
T a + a/2 = 0,27 a = 0,18 mol
Bo ton nguyn t N (1) s mol HNO3 = 3a + 0,1 = 0,64
Nng mol ca HNO3 : 0,64 / 0,2 = 3,2
x : y = ax : ay = 0,06 : 0,09 = 3 : 2
n = 0,12 : 0,06 = 2
Ch c Fe tha mn v n c hai ha tr
Cu 10 : Mt dung dch c ha tan 1,58 gam KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch hn hp c ha tan 9,12
gam FeSO4 v 9,8 gam H2SO4 . Hy tnh s gam cc cht c trong dung dch sau phn ng .
n KMnO4 = 0,01 ; n FeSO4 = 0,06 ; n H2SO4 = 0,1 mol
Phn ng : 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
B
P
Kt
0,1
0,1
0
0,06
0,02
0,04
0,1
0,08
0,02
0,05
0,05
0,02
0,02
0,01
0,01
Convert by TVDT
- 45 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 4: ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO bng s
mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23.
B. 0,18.
C. 0,08.
D. 0,16.
V s mol FeO , Fe2O3 bng nhau nn ta c th quy i chng thnh Fe3O4 . Vy hn hp trn ch gm Fe3O4 .
n Fe3O4 = 2,32 : 232 = 0,01 mol
Fe3O4 + 8HCl 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O
0,01
0,08 mol
Cu 13: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long
(d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,72.
B. 35,50.
C. 49,09.
D. 34,36.
Quy i hn hp : Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 thnh Fe ,O
S cho nhn e :
Fe 3e Fe3+
O + 2e O-2
N+5 + 3e N+2
x---3x
y--2y
1,8---0,6
Bo ton mol e : 3x = 2y + 0,18
56x + 16y = 11,36
Convert by TVDT
- 46 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Cu 14: Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t trong dy th in ho:
Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag)
A. 59,4.
B. 64,8.
C. 32,4.
D. 54,0.
n Al = 2,7/27 = 0,1 mol , n Fe = 5,6/56 = 0,1 mol , n AgNO3 = 0,55.1 = 0,55 mol
Khi cho hn hp kim loi gm Al , Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 th Al s phn ng trc nu Al ht s n Fe
phn ng , nu AgNO3 d sau phn ng vi Fe th c phn ng Ag+ + Fe2+ Ag + Fe3+
Al + 3AgNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3Ag (1)
Ban u
0,1
0,55
Phn ng
0,1
0,3
0,3
Kt thc
0
0,25
0,3
Al ht Tnh theo Al , n AgNO3 = 3.n Al AgNO3 d : 0,55 3.0,1 = 0,25 mol
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag (2)
Ban u
0,1
0,25
Phn ng
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,2
Kt thc
0
0,15
0,1
0,2
Convert by TVDT
- 47 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Ch n C .
Cu 17: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a m gam Cu.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,92.
B. 3,20.
C. 0,64.
D. 3,84.
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
Ban u 0,12 0,4 mol
HNO3 ht , sau phn ng c : Fe(NO3)3 0,1 mol ; Fe d : 0,02 mol
Lng Cu ti a uc ho tan ht l khi n tham gia c hai phn ng :
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2
Ban u 0,02 0,1
Sau phn ng Fe(NO3)3 d : 0,1 0,04 = 0,06 mol
Cu + 2Fe(NO3)3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Fe(NO3)2
Ban u
0,06
S mol Cu ti a c ho tan l : 0,03 mol m Cu = 0,03.64 = 1,92 gam
Chn p n A
Cu 19: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1
: 2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung dch
X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 68,2
B. 28,7
C. 10,8
D. 57,4
Gi s mol ca FeCl2 l x 127x + 58,5.2.x= 24,4 x = 0,1.
FeCl2 + 2AgNO3 2AgCl + Fe(NO3)2
0,1-------0,2--------0,2-------0,1 mol
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
0,2-------0,2------0,2
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag(*)
0,1-------------------------------------0,1
Convert by TVDT
- 48 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Catot (-)
Na+ khng b in phn
2H2O + e H2 + 2OH-
Anot (+)
2Cl- - 2e Cl2
Convert by TVDT
- 49 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Anot (+)
Catot (-)
Na+ khng b in phn
H2O + 2e H2 + OH-
Anot (+)
CO32- khng b in phn
H2O e H+ + O2
Convert by TVDT
- 50 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
BI TON IN PHN
Cu 1:in phn 100ml dung dch cha AgNO3 0.1M v Cu(NO3)2 0.1M vi cng dng
in I l 1.93A.Tnh thi gian in phn (vi hiu xut l 100%).
1) kt ta ht Ag (t1)
2) kt ta ht Ag v Cu (t2)
a)t1 = 500s, t2 = 1000s
b) t1 = 1000s, t2 = 1500s
c)t1 = 500s, t2 = 1200s
d) t1 = 500s, t2 = 1500s
n AgNO3 = 0,01 mol ; n Cu(NO3)2 = 0,01 mol
in phn ht AgNO3 :
n 1= It/96500.1 0,01 = 1,93.t1 / 96500 t1 = 500 s
in phn ht 0,01 mol Cu(NO3)2 :
n 2 = It2/96500.2 0,01 = 1,93.t2/96500.2 t2 = 1000 s
Tng thi gian in phn ht c hn hp trn l : t = t1 + t2 = 500 + 1000 = 1500 s
Chn p n d .
Cu 2:in phn 100ml dung dch CuSO4 0.2M vi cng I = 9.65 A.Tnh khi lng
Cu bm bn catot khi thi gian in phn t1 = 200s v t2 = 500s(vi hiu sut l 100%).
a) 0.32g ; 0.64g
b) 0.64g ; 1.28g
c) 0.64g ; 1.32g
d) 0.32g ; 1.28g
Cu 3:in phn 100ml dung dch CuSO4 0.1M cho n khi va bt u si bt bn catot
th ngng in phn. Tnh pH dung dch ngay khi y vi hiu sut l 100%.Th tch dung
Convert by TVDT
- 51 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 4:in phn 100ml dung dch cha NaCl vi in cc tr ,c mng ngn, cng
dng in I l 1.93A. Tnh thi gian in phn c dung dch pH = 12, th tch dung
dch c xim nh khng thay i,hiu sut in phn l 100%.
a) 100s
b) 50s
c) 150s
d) 200s
V dung dch c PH = 12 Mi trng kim .
p H = 12 [H+] = 10-12 [OH-] = 0,01 S mol OH- = 0,001 mol
NaCl Na+ + Cl-
Catot (-)
Na+ khng b in phn
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-
Anot (+)
Cl- + 2e Cl2
0,001<----------0,001
t = 50 s
Cu 5:in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M v AgNO3 0.1M vi cng dng in I
= 3.86A.Tnh thi gian in phn c mt khi lng kim loi bm bn catot l
1.72g.Cho Cu =64. Ag = 108.
a) 250s
b) 1000s
c) 500s
d) 750s
S gam kim loi Ag ti a c to thnh : 0,01.108 = 1,08 gam
S gam Cu ti a to thnh : 0,02.64 = 1,28 gam
V 1,08 < 1,72 < 1,08 + 1,28 in phn ht AgNO3 , V cn d mt phn CuSO4
Khi lng Cu c to thnh : 1,72 1,08 = 0,64 gam n Cu = 0,01 mol
p dng cng thc Faraday :
Cho Ag : 0,01 = 3,86.t1 / 96500.1 t1 = 250s
Cho Cu : 0,01 = 3,86.t2 / 96500.2 t2 = 500 s
Tng thi gian : 250 + 500 = 750 s
Convert by TVDT
- 52 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Chn d .
Cu 6:in phn 100ml dung dch CuCl2 0.08M. Cho dung dch thu c sau khi in phn
tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 0.861g kt ta. Tnh khi lng Cu bm bn
catot v th tch thu c bn anot. Cho Cu = 64.
a) 0.16g Cu ; 0.056 l Cl2
b) 0.64g Cu ; 0.112 l Cl2
c) 0.32g Cu ; 0.112 l Cl2
d) 0.64g Cu ; 0.224 l Cl2
n CuCl2 = 0,008 mol
CuCl2 Cu +
0,005 ----0,005
Cl2 (1)
0,005 mol
Chn p n C .
Cu 7:in phn 100ml dung dch CuSO4 0.1M vi cng I = 9,65A.Tnh th tch kh
thu c bn catot v bn anot lc t1 = 200s v t2 = 300s.
a) catot: 0 ; 112ml
v
anot: 112 ; 168ml
c) catot: 0 ; 112ml
v
anot: 56 ; 112ml
b) catot: 112 ; 168ml v
anot: 56 ; 84ml
d) catot: 56 ; 112ml
v
anot: 28 ; 56ml
in phn dung dch : CuSO4 :
CuSO4
Cu2+ +
SO42-
Catot(-)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Thi gian in phn ht : 0,01 mol CuSO4 :
0,01 = 9,65.t / 96500.2 t = 200 s
Anot (+)
SO42- khng b in phn .
2H2O - 4e 4H+ + O2
0,01
0,01
0,005 mol
Th tch kh thu c anot : 0,005.22,4 = 0,112 l = 112 ml
Khng c kh thot ra catot .
Xt thi im t2 = 300s , in phn CuSO4 ht 200s , cn in phn H2O ht 100s
in phn dung dch : CuSO4 :
CuSO4
Convert by TVDT
Cu2+ + SO42-
- 53 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Catot(-)
Anot (+)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
0,01--- 0,02
Cu 8:in phn 100ml dung dch AgNO3 0.2M. Tnh cng I bit rng phi in phn
trong thi gian 1000s th bt u si bt bn catot v tnh pH ca dung dch ngay khi y. Th
tch dung dch c xem nh khng thay i trong qu trnh in phn. Ly lg2 = 0.30.
a) I = 1.93A,pH = 0,7
b) I = 2.86A,pH = 2.0
c) I = 1.93A,pH = 1.3
d) I = 2.86A,pH = 1.7
AgNO3
Ag+ +
NO3-
Catot(-)
Anot (+)
Convert by TVDT
Cu2+ + SO42-
- 54 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Catot(-)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Khi lng kim loi thu c catot l : 0,02.64 = 1,28 gam , th tch kh thot ra anot :
0,01.22,4 = 2,24 lt .
Chn p n A
Cu 10 : Khi in phn 1 dm3 dd NaCl (d = 1,2). Trong qu trnh in phn ch thu -c 1
cht kh in cc. Sau qu trnh in phn kt thc, ly dd cn li trong bnh in phn c
cn cho ht hi n-c thu -c 125g cn kh. em cn kh nhit phn khi l-ng gim i
8g
Hiu sut qu trnh in phn l:
A. 46,8
%
B. 50%
C. 56,8
%
D. 20,3%
E. Kt qu khc
NaCl Na+ + Cl-
Catot (-)
Na khng b in phn
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH+
Anot (+)
Cl- - 2e Cl2
V sau khi in phn ch thu c 1 kh duy nht Cl2 phn ng ht theo phng trnh sau :
Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
0,5------------------------0,5 mol
NaClO NaCl + O2
- 55 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Theo : n Fe3+ = 0,1 mol ; n Fe2+ = 0,2 mol ; n Cu2+ = 0,1 mol ; n HCl = 0,2 mol
Sp xp tnh oxi ha ca cc ion theo chiu tng dn : Fe2+ < H+ < Cu2+ < Fe3+
Th t b in phn :
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ (1)
0,1----0,1---0,1
Cu2+ + 2e Cu (2)
0,1----0,2---0,1
H+ + 1e Ho (3)
0,2---0,2
Fe2+ + 2e Fe (4)
Theo cng thc Faraday s mol e trao i hai in cc :
n = It/96500 = 5.9650/96500 = 0,5 mol
V s mol e trao i ch l 0,5 mol Khng c phn ng (4) , kim loi thu c ch phn ng (2) Khi
lng kim loi thu c catot l : 0,1.64 = 6,4 gam
Chn p n C.
Cu 12 : in phn hon ton dung dch hn hp gm a mol Cu(NO3)2 v b mol NaCl vi
in cc tr , mng ngn xp . dung dch thu c sau khi in phn c kh nng phn
ng vi Al2O3 th
A. b = 2a
B.b > 2a
C.b < 2a
D.b < 2a hoc b > 2a
Cu(NO3)2 Cu2+ + 2NO3a
a
NaCl
Na+ + Clb
b
Catot(-)
Anot (+)
Fe2+ + SO42-
- 56 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
a
KCl
b
a
K+ +
Clb
Catot(-)
Anot (+)
HCl
0,02
Catot(-)
Convert by TVDT
Cu2+ + SO420,1
H+ +
Cl0,02
Anot (+)
- 57 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
0,1--0,05
0,02-0,01
2H2O 4e 4H+ + O2
0,08 --------0,02 mol
Khi catot thot ra 3,2 gam Cu tc l 0,05 mol S mol Cu2+ nhn 0,1 mol , m Cl- cho ti a 0,02 mol
0,08 mol cn li l H2O cho
T s in phn kh thot ra ti anot l : Cl2 0,01mol ; O2 0,02 mol
Tng th tch : 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 lt
Chn p n C .
I HC KHI B 2009 .
Cu 15: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl
0,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy.
Dung dch thu c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 4,05
B. 2,70
C. 1,35
D. 5,40
S mol e trao i khi in phn : n = 5.3860/96500 = 0,2 mol
n CuCl2 = 0,1.0,5 = 0,05 mol ; n NaCl = 0,5.0,5 = 0,25 mol
n Cu2+ = 0,05 mol , n Cl- = 0,25 + 0,05 = 0,3 mol Vy Cl- d , Cu2+ ht , nn ti catot s c phn
ng in phn nc .(sao cho s mol e nhn catot l 0,2)
Ti catot :
Ti anot :
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
2Cl- + 2e Cl2
0,05---0,1
0,2--0,2
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH0,1----(0,2 - 0,1)-0,1
Dung dch sau khi in phn c 0,1 mol OH- c kh nng phn ng vi Al theo phng trnh :
Al + OH- + H2O AlO2- + 3/2 H2
0,1-0,1
mAlmax = 0,1.27= 2,7 (g)
p n B
Cu 16 : in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m
kg Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 54,0
B. 75,6
C. 67,5
D. 108,0
Ti catot(-) :Al3+ + 3e Al
- 58 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
B CU HI L THUYT :
Bi 1: Trong qu trnh in phn nhng cation s di chuyn v:
A. Cc d-ng, y xy ra s oxi ho
B. Cc d-ng, y xy ra s kh
C. Cc m, y xy ra s oxi ho
D. Cc m, y xy ra s kh
Bi 2: Qu trnh xy ra ti cc in cc khi in phn dung dch AgNO3 l :
A. Cc d-ng : Kh ion NO3B. Cc m : Oxi ho ion NO3+
C. Cc m : Kh ion Ag
D. Cc d-ng : Kh H2O
Bi 3: Mt dung dch X cha ng thi NaNO3, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3. Th t cc
kim loi thot ra catot khi in phn dung dch trn l:
A.Ag, Fe,Cu, Zn, Na
B. Ag, Fe, Cu, Zn
C. Ag, Cu, Fe
D.Ag,Cu, Fe, Zn, Na
Bi 4 Phn ng in phn nng chy no d-i y b vit sai sn phm?
dpnc
dpnc
2Al+3/2O2
2Na+O2+ H2
A. Al2O3
B. 2NaOH
dpnc
dpnc
2Na+Cl2
Ca + Br2
C. 2NaCl
D. CaBr2
Bi 5 Dy gm cc kim loi -c iu ch trong cng nghip bng ph-ng php in phn hp cht
nng chy ca chng l. (H KHI A 2007)
A. Na, Ca, Zn
B. Na, Cu, Al
C. Na, Ca, Al
D. Fe, Ca, Al
Bi 6: Khi in phn hn hp dung dch NaCl v CuSO4 , nu dung dch sau khi in phn ho tan
-c NaHCO3 th s xy tr-ng hp no sau y:
A. NaCl dB. NaCl d- hoc CuSO4 dC. CuSO4 dD. NaCl v CuSO4 b in phn ht
Bi 7: in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl ( vi in cc tr , c mng ngn xp ) .
dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l (
bit ion SO42- khng b in phn trong dung dch ) (H KHI b 2007)
A. b > 2a
B. b =2a
C. b < 2a
D. 2b =a
Bi 8: Khi in phn c vch ngn dung dch gm NaCl, HCl . Sau mt thi gian in phn xc nh
xy ra tr-ng hp no sau y, tr-ng hp no ng :
A. Dung dch thu -c c lm qu tm ha
B. Dung dch thu -c khng i mu qu tm
C. Dung dch thu -c lm xanh qu tm
D. A, B, C u ng
Bi 9. ng dng no d-i y khng phi l ng dng ca s in phn ?
A. iu ch mt s kim loi, phi kim v hp cht B. Thng qua cc phn ng sn sinh ra dng
in
C. Tinh ch mt s kim loi nh- Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, D. M Zn, sn, Ni, Ag, Au... bo v v trang tr
Ag, Au...
kim loi
Bi 10: Natri, canxi, magie, nhm -c sn xut trong cng nghip bng ph-ng php no:
A. Ph-ng php thu luyn.
B. Ph-ng php nhit luyn.
C. Ph-ng php in phn.
D. Ph-ng php in phn hp cht
nng chy.
Bi 11: Th tch kh hiro sinh ra khi in phn dung dch cha cng mt l-ng NaCl c mng ngn
(1) v khng c mng ngn (2) l:
A. bng nhau.
B. (2) gp i (1).
C. (1) gp i (2).
D. khng xc nh.
Bi 12: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch KCl, qu trnh no sau y xy ra cc d-ng (anot)
A. ion Cl b oxi ho.
B. ion Cl b kh.
Convert by TVDT
- 59 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
C. ion K+ b kh.
D. ion K+ b oxi ho.
Bi 13: iu no l khng ng trong cc iu sau:
A. in phn dung dch NaCl thy pH dung dch tng dn
B. in phn dung dch CuSO4 thy pH dung dch gim dn
C. in phn dung dch NaCl + CuSO4 thy pH dung dich khng i
D. in phn dung dch NaCl + HCl thy pH dung dch tng dn
Bi 14 in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr c mng ngn xp).
dung dch sau khi n phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l
(bit ion SO42- khng b in phn trong dung dch)
A. b > 2a
B. b = 2a
C. b < 2a
D. 2b = a
Bi 15: Trong cng nghip natri hiroxit -c sn xut bng ph-ng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc
B. in phn dung dch NaNO3, khng c mng ngn in cc
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc
D. in phn NaCl nng chy
Bi 16: iu ch Cu t dung dch Cu(NO3)2 bng ph-ng php no th thu -c Cu tinh khit
99,999% ?
A. Ph-ng php thy luyn.
B. Ph-ng php nhit luyn
C. Ph-ng php in phn
D. C A, B, C
c - Bi tp t giI SU TP :
Bi 1: Tin hnh in phn in cc tr, c mng ngn 1 dung dch cha m(g) hn hp CuSO4, NaCl
cho ti khi n-c bt u in phn c 2 in cc th dng li. anot thu -c 0,448 lt kh (ktc),
dung dch sau phn ng c th ho tan ti a 0,68g Al2O3.
1. Tnh m
2. Tnh khi l-ng catot tng trong qu trnh in phn
3. Tnh khi l-ng dung dch gim I sau qu trnh in phn. (Gs n-c bay hi khng ng k)
Bi 2: Ho tan 12,5g CuSO4.5H2O vo dung dch cha a(g) HCl -c 100ml dung dch X. in phn
dung dch X vi in cc tr, dng in 1 chiu 5A trong 386 giy.
1. Vit cc PTHH c th xy ra khi in phn.
2. Tnh nng mol/l cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn
3. Sau in phn ly in cc ra ri cho vo phn dung dch 5,9g 1 kim loi M (ng sau Mg trong
dy in ho). Khi phn ng kt thc, ng-i ta thu -c 0,672 lt kh (1,6atm v 54,6 0C) v lc dung
dch thu -c 3,26g cht rn. Xc nh m v tnh a.
4. Nu khng cho M m tip tc in phn , v nguyn tc phi in phn bao lu mi thy kh thot
ra K.
Bi 3: Nung hon ton 45,6g hn hp 2 mui hirocacbonat ca kim loi R v R thu -c hn hp
cht rn A v hn hp kh B. Cho B hp th ht vo 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,3M (d=1,2) thu -c
102,44g kt ta.
Sau phn ng khi l-ng dung dch cn 2325,48g v dung dch vn c tnh baz. Ho tan ht cht rn
A cn 500ml dung dch HCl 3,65% th thu -c 2 mui clorua ca R v R
Nu em in phn nng chy mui clorua ca R trong A th cn thi gian t(giy) vi c-ng I =
10A. Trong khi , cng vi thi gian v c-ng nh- trn em in phn nng chy mui clorua
ca R trong A th -c 11,04g R.
a. Hy xc nh R, R
b. Tnh D ca dung dch HCl dng.
Bi 4: Trong 500ml dung dch A cha 0,4925g mt hn hp gm mui clorua v hiroxit ca kim loi
kim. Dung dch A c pH =12. Khi in phn 1/10 dung dch A cho n khi ht clo th thu -c
11,2ml kh clo (2730C v 1atm).
a) Xc nh kim loi
b) 1/10 A tc dng va vi 25ml dung dch CuCl2. Tm nng mol ca dd CuCl2
c) Hi phi in phn 1/10A trong bao lu vi I = 96,5A -c dung dch c 1 cht tan vi pH=13.
Convert by TVDT
- 60 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Bi 5: Tin hnh in phn dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,01M + CuCl2 0,1M + NaCl 0,1M, in cc
tr, mng ngn xp. V th biu din s bin thin pH ca dung dch theo qu trnh in phn.
2- c pH = 1, in cc tr. Sau
mt thi gian in phn, rt in cc ra khi dung dch, thy khi l-ng trong dung
dch gim 0,64 gam v dung dch c mu xanh nht, th tch dung dch khng i.
1.Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh in phn.
2. Tnh nng H+ c trong dung dch sau khi in phn.
Bi 6: in phn 100ml dung dch cha Cu2+, Na+; H+; SO 4
Bi 7: M l kim loi c tng s ht c bn l 87, X l halogenua. in phn dung dch MXa bng dng
in 5A, in cc tr, sau 21 pht 27 giy ngng in phn, thy trn catot sinh ra 1,9575 gam
kimloi M. Xc nh tn kimloi M v nguyn t X bit MXa c khi l-ng phn t l 218,7
Bi 8: Nu ph-ng php tch tng cht sau ra khi hn hp: KCl; BaCl2; MgCl2
Bi 9: iu ch cc kimloi t hn hp sau:NaCl; BaCl2; AlCl3; CuCl2
Bi 10: Nhng qu trnh no xy ra khi in phn dung dch Cu(NO3)2 bng than ch? Sau nu i
chiu dng in th iu g s xy ra?
Bi 11: Tnh thi gian in phn dung dch NiSO4 bng dng in 2A ph kn c 2 mt mt l
kim loi mng c kch th-c 10 10 cm bng mt lp niken c b dy 0,05mm. Bit rng niken c
khi l-ng ring 8,9g/cm3 v hiu sut in phn l 90%.
Bi 12: in phn dung dch NaCl cho n khi ht mui vi dng in 1,61A thy ht 60pht
1. Tnh khi l-ng kh thot ra, bit rng in cc tr, mng ngn xp.
2.Trn dung dch sau in phn vi dung dch H2SO4 cha 0,04 mol ri c cn dung dch. Tnh khi
l-ng mui khan thu -c.
Bi 13: in phn 2 lt dung dch CuSO4 0,5M vi in cc tr. Sau mt thi gian, ngng in phn v
cho i qua dung dch sau in phn mt l-ng d- kh A th thu -c 72gam cht kt ta mu en. Bit
rng, khi t chy A trong oxi d- th thu -c hi n-c v kh B , B lm mt mu dung dch n-c
brom
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc kh A, B
2. Tnh th tch kh thot ra trn anot ktc
3. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 60% ( d= 1,37g/ml) cn thit ho tan l-ng kim loi thot ra trn
catot.
Bi 14. in phn n ht 0,1 mol Cu (NO3)2 trong dung dch vi in tc tr, th sau in phn khi
l-ng dung dch gim bao nhiu gam
A. 1,6g
B. 6,4g
C. 8,0 gam
D. 18,8g
Bi 15. Tnh th tch kh (ktc) thu -c khi in phn ht 0,1 mol NaCl trong dung dch vi in cc
tr, mng ngn xp.
A. 0,024 lit
B. 1,120 lit
C. 2,240 lit
D. 4,489 lit
Bi 16: in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr , sau mt thi gian thu -c 0,32 gam Cu catot
v mt l-ng kh X anot. Hp th hon ton l-ng kh X trn vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH nhit
th-ng). Sau phn ng nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M ( gi thit th tch ca dung dch NaOH
khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l. (H KHI A 2007)
A. 0,15 M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,1 M
D. 0,05M
Bi 17: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr bng dng in mt chiu I = 9,65 A. Khi
th tch kh thot ra c hai n cc u l 1,12 lt (ktc) th dng in phn. Khi l-ng kim loi
sinh ra katt v thi gian in phn l:
A. 3,2gam v1000 s
B. 2,2 gam v 800 s
C. 6,4 gam v 3600 s
D. 5,4 gam v 1800 s
Bi 18. in phn 200ml dd CuSO4 0,5 M v FeSO4 0,5M trong 15 pht vi in cc tr v dng in
I= 5A s thu -c catot:
A. ch c ng
B. Va ng, va st
C. ch c st
D. va ng va st vi l-ng mi kim loi l ti a
Bi 19: in phn dung dch CuSO4 bng in cc tr vi dng in c c-ng I = 0,5A trong thi
gian 1930 giy th khi l-ng ng v th tch kh O2 sinh ra l
A: 0, 64g v 0,112 lit
B: 0, 32g v 0, 056 lt
C: 0, 96g v 0, 168 lt
D: 1, 28g v 0, 224 lt
Bi 20: in phn 200ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,1M v CuSO4 0,5M bng in cc tr. Khi
katt c 3,2g Cu th th tch kh thot ra ant l
Convert by TVDT
- 61 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
A : 0, 56 lt
B : 0, 84 lt
C : 0, 672 lt
D : 0,448 lit
Bi 21: in phn dd cha 0,2 mol FeSO4 v 0,06mol HCl vi dng in 1,34 A trong 2 gi (in cc
tr, c mng ngn). B qua s ho tan ca clo trong n-c v coi hiu sut in phn l 100%. Khi
l-ng kim loi thot ra katot v th tch kh thot ra anot (ktc) ln l-t l:
A. 1,12 g Fe v 0, 896 lit hn hp kh Cl2 , O2.
B. 1,12 g Fe v 1, 12 lit hn hp kh Cl2 v O2.
C. 11,2 g Fe v 1, 12 lit hn hp kh Cl2 v O2.
D. 1,12 g Fe v 8, 96 lit hn hp kh Cl2 v O
Bi 22: Dung dch cha ng thi 0,01 mol NaCl; 0,02 mol CuCl2; 0,01 mol FeCl3; 0,06 mol CaCl2.
Kim loi u tin thot ra catot khi in phn dung dch trn l :
A. Fe
B. Zn
C. Cu
D. Ca
Bi 23: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch mui clorua ca kim loi ho tr (II) vi c-ng dng
in 3A. Sau 1930 giy, thy khi l-ng catot tng1,92 gam. Kim loi trong mui clorua trn l kim
loi no d-i y (cho Fe = 56, Ni = 59, Cu = 64, Zn = 65)
A. Ni
B. Zn
C. Cu
D. Fe
Bi 24: in phn dng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat kim loi ho tr II vi c-ng dng in
3A. Sau 1930 giy thy khi l-ng catot tng 1,92 gam, Cho bit tn kim loi trong mui sunfat (cho
Fe = 56, Ni = 59, Cu = 64, Zn = 65)
A. Fe
B. Ca
C. Cu
D. Mg
(coi th tch dung dch khi in phn l khng i, khi c mt NaCl th dng thm mng ngn)
Bi 25: Tin hnh in phn hon ton dung dch X cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 thu -c 56 gam hn
hp kim loi catot v 4,48 lt kh anot (ktc). S mol AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong X ln l-t l (cho
Ag = 108, Cu = 64)
A. 0,2 v 0,3
B. 0,3 v 0,4
C. 0,4 v 0,2
D. 0,4 v 0,2
Bi 26: in phn 100ml dung dch A cha ng thi HCl 0,1M v NaCl 0,2 M vi in cc tr c
mng ngn xp ti khi anot thot ra 0,224 lt kh (ktc) th ngng in phn. Dung dch sau khi in
phn c pH (coi th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k) l
A. 6
B. 7
C. 12
D. 13
Bi 27: in phn n ht 0,1 mol Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch vi in cc tr, th sau in phn khi
l-ng dung dch gim bao nhiu gam ? ( cho Cu = 64; O = 16)
A. 1,6 gam
B. 6,4 gam
C. 8,0 gam
D. 18,8 gam
Bi 28: Khi in phn 25,98 gam iotua ca mt kim loi X nng chy, th thu -c 12,69 gam iot.
Cho bit cng thc mui iotua
A. KI
B. CaI2
C. NaI
D. CsI
Bi 29:in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu -c 0,32 gam Cu catot
v mt l-ng kh X anot. Hp th hon ton l-ng kh X trn vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit
th-ng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng thay
i). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l (cho Cu = 64)
A. 0,15M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,1M
D. 0,05M
Bi 20: Ho tan 40 gam mui CdSO4 b m vo n-c. in phn ht caimi
trong dung dch
cn dng dng in 2,144A v thi gian 4 gi. Phn trm n-c cha trong mui l
A. 18,4%
B. 16,8%
C. 18,6%
D. 16%
Bi 31: in phn 300ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M vi c-ng dng in l 3,86A. Khi l-ng kim
loi thu -c catot sau khi in phn 20 pht l (cho Cu = 64; S = 32; O = 16)
A. 1,28 gam
B.1,536 gam
C. 1,92 gam
D. 3,84 gam
Bi 32: in phn dung dch MSO4 khi anot thu -c 0,672 lt kh (ktc) th thy khi l-ng catot
tng 3,84 gam. Kim loi M l (cho Cu = 64; Fe = 56; Ni = 59; Zn = 65)
A. Cu
B. Fe
C. Ni
D. Zn
Bi 33: in phn nng chy mui clorua ca kim loi M, anot thu -c 1,568 lt kh (ktc), khi
l-ng kim loi thu -c catot l 2,8 gam. Kim loi M l
A. Mg
B. Na
C. K
D. Ca
Bi 34: C 200ml dung dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. in phn ht ion kim loi trong dung
dch cn dng dng in 0,402A, thi gian 4 gi, trn catot thot ra 3,44 gam kim loi. Nng
mol/lit ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 l
A. 0,1 v 0,2
B. 0,01 v 0,1
C. 0,1 v 0,01
D. 0,1 v 0,1
Convert by TVDT
- 62 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Bi 35: Tin hnh in phn (c mng ngn xp) 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp HCl 0,02M v NaCl
0,2M. Sau khi anot bay ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc) th ngng in phn. Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch
HNO3 0,1M trung ho dung dch thu -c sau in phn
A. 200 ml
B. 300 ml
C. 250 ml
D. 400 ml
Bi 36: Ho tan 1,28 gam CuSO4 vo n-c ri em in phn ti hon ton, sau mt thi gian thu
-c 800 ml dung dch c pH = 2. Hiu sut phn ng in phn l
A. 62,5%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 80%
Bi 37: Ho tan 5 gam mui ngm n-c CuSO4.nH2O ri em in phn ti hon ton, thu -c dung
dch A. Trung ho dung dch A cn dung dch cha 1,6 gam NaOH. Gi tr ca n l
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8
Bi 38: in phn dung dch mt mui nitrat kim loi vi hiu sut dng in l 100%, c-ng
dng in khng i l 7,72A trong thi gian 9 pht 22,5 giy. Sau khi kt thc khi l-ng catot tng
ln 4,86 gam do kim loi bm vo. Kim loi l
A. Cu
B. Ag
C. Hg
D. Pb
Bi 39: Tin hnh in phn (c mng ngn xp) dung dch X cha hn hp gm 0,02 mol HCl v
0,05 mol NaCl vi C-ng dng in l 1,93A trong thi gian 3000 giy, thu -c dung dch Y.
Nu cho qu tm vo X v Y th thy (cho H = 1; Cl = 35,5)
A. X lm qu tm, Y lm xanh qu tm.
B. X lm qu tm, Y lm qu tm.
C. X l qu tm, Y khng i mu qu tm.
D. X khng i mu qu tm, Y lm xanh qu tm.
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