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GV.

NGUYEN TAN TRUNG


(Trung Tam Luyen Thi Chat Lng Cao VNH VIEN)

GV. NGUYEN TAN TRUNG


(Trung Tam Luyen Thi Chat Lng Cao VNH VIEN)

Bai 3

Gom 4 bc giai

Bc 1: at CTTQ
Bc 2: Lap t le so nguyen t
cac nguyen to, theo cong thc:
Vi hp chat AxBy co:

%A %B
X:y=
:
MA MB

Bc 3:Lap cong thc nguyen ( CTNG)


Bc 4: Tm ch so CTNG CTPT

Bc 1: at CTTQ
Bc 2: Lap t le so nguyen t
Bc 3: Lap CTNG
Bc 4: Tm ch so CTNG
Gi y:

-T le so nguyen t cac
nguyen to phai la t le
nguyen va toi gian

- Ch so CTNG co the tm t:
9M
9Gi y cua e.
9ieu kien hoa tr

Bc
Bc
Bc
Bc

1: at CTTQ
2: Lap t le so nguyen t
3: Lap CTNG
4: Tm ch so CTNG

V du1: (HQG TP.HCM 2000)


Mot chat hu c X co % khoi lng
cua C, H, Cl lan lt la 14,28%; 1,19%;
84,53%. Hay lap luan e tm CTPT cua
X. Viet CTCT co the co cua X.
PP tm CTPT
t % cac nguyen to

V du 1: (HQG TP.HCM 2000)

X: % C= 14,28
%H = 1,19
%Cl = 84,53
X: ?

PP tm CTPT
Da tren % cua
cac nguyen to

Giai:
- at CTTQ X: CxHy Clz

B1.at CTTQ
B2.Lap t le so nguyen t
B3.Lap CTNG
B4. Tm ch so CTNG

%Cl
%H
%C
x:y:z=
:
:
12 1
35,5
x : y : z = 1,19 : 1,19 : 2,38
x:y:z=1:1:2
CTNG X: ( CHCl2)n ; n +
V : 0 < so H 2. So C + 2 so Cl
0 < n 2.n + 2 n n 2 n =1; 2

V du 1: (HQG TP.HCM 2000)

X: % C= 14,28
%H = 1,19
%Cl = 84,53
X: ?

PP tm CTPT
Da tren % cua
cac nguyen to

Giai:
CTTQ X: CxHy Clz

B1.at CTTQ
B2.Lap t le so nguyen t
B3.Lap CTNG
B4. Tm ch so CTNG

CTNG X: ( CHCl2)n ; n +
Ta c : n =1; 2
n = 1 CTPT X: CH Cl2

( loai: v khong am bao hoa tr)


n = 2 CTPT X: C2H2 Cl4 (hp ly)

Vay X: C2H2 Cl4


2 ong phan: CHCl2-CHCl2; CH2Cl-CCl3

v du 2: (Trch e thi HGTVT 1997)


-A cha C,H,O co %C = 49,58, %H = 6,44
- Khi hoa hi hoan toan 5,45 gam A, thu c
0,56 lit hi A (KC)
Tm CTPT cua A
PP Tm CTPT
Biet %cac nguyen to
9B1.at CTTQ
9B2.Lap t le so nguyen t
cac nguyen to.
9B3. Lap CTNG
9B4. Tm ch so CTNG

V du 2:(HGT VT 1997)

A: % C= 49,58
%H = 6,44
V(5,45g A) =0,56l (KC)
X: ?

PP tm CTPT
Da tren % cua
cac nguyen to

Giai:

B1.at CTTQ
B2.Lap t le
so nguyen t
B3.Lap CTNG
B4. Tm ch so CTNG

V : %C + %H + % O = 100%
% O = 100 (%C + %H ) = 43,98
- at CTTQ A: CxHy Oz

%O
x : y : z = %C : %H : 16
12 1
x : y : z =4,13 : 6,44 : 2,75
x : y : z = 1,5 : 2,3 : 1 = 3/2 : 7/3: 1 = 9 : 14 :6

Vay CTPT X : C9H14O6

V du 2:(HGT VT 1997)

A: % C= 49,58
%H = 6,44
V(5,45g A) =0,56l (KC)
X: ?

PP tm CTPT
Da tren % cua
cac nguyen to

B1.at CTTQ
B2.Lap t le
so nguyen t
B3.Lap CTNG
B4. Tm ch so CTNG

Giai: Cach 2

Theo e % O =100 (%C + %H ) = 43,98

T khoi lng va the tch A MA =218 vC


- at CTTQ A: CxHy Oz

y
MA
12x =
= 16z =
100
%C %H
%O
y
218
12x
16z

=
49,58 = 6,44 =43,98 100
X =9; y = 14 ; z = 6

Vay: CTPT A: C9H14O6

v du 3: (Trch e thi H Ngoai Thng 1997)


-A cha C,H,O co:
%C = 76,85; %H = 12,36; % O =10,78
- Biet A la este co the ieu che c xa phong.
Tm CTPT cua A
PP Tm CTPT
Biet %cac nguyen to
9B1.at CTTQ
9B2.Lap t le so nguyen t
cac nguyen to.
9B3. Lap CTNG
9B4. Tm ch so CTNG

V du 3

A: % C= 76,85
%H = 12,36
%Cl =10,78
A: ?
Giai:
- at CTTQ A: CxHy Oz

PP tm CTPT
Da tren % cua
cac nguyen to

B1.at CTTQ
B2.Lap t le so nguyen t
B3.Lap CTNG
B4. Tm ch so CTNG

%O
%H
%C
x:y:z=
:
:
12 1
16
x : y : z = 6,404 : 12,36 : 0,674
x : y : z = 9,5 : 18,3 : 1 = 19/2: 55/3 : 1 = 57 : 110 : 6
CTNG A: ( C57H110O6)n ; n +
Nh gi y A la este co the ieu che c xa phong.

A la este 3 lan este cua Glyxerin va axit beo


A co 6 nguyen t oxi n =1

Vay A : C57H110O6

Bai tap e ngh:


Cau 1: ( Trch e thi H Ngoai Thng 2001)
Chat hu c A mach h co thanh phan: 31,58 %C;
5,26%H va 63,16 %O.2 4 3
T khoi hi cua A so vi H2 bang 38.
Tm CTCT- CTCTA
2
Cau 2 : ( Trch e thi HQG HN 1997)
Hai chat ong phan A va B co thanh phan 40,45%C ;
7,86%H ; 15,73%N; con lai la O. T khoi hi cua A so vi
3ng 7
2
khong kh la 3,069 . Khi phan
vi NaOH,
A cho muoi
C3H6O2NNa con B cho muoi C2H4O2NNa.
a.Xac nh CTPT cua A, B.
b.Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua A va B

S CTPT: C H O
CTCT: HO CH COOH

S a: A,B : C H O N
S b: A la amino axit
B la este cua amino axit

GV. NGUYEN TAN TRUNG


(Trung Tam Luyen Thi Chat Lng Cao VNH VIEN)

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