Vi ring mn Ho, hin nay c rt nhiu phng php gii nhanh.

gip cc bn hc
sinh hc tt hn mn Ho mt khc cng gip cho mn Ho ngy cng phong ph hn,
Ti xin gii thiu vi cc bn mt phng php gii nhanh, l: S (V). N rt hu
hiu, nhanh hn c: nh lut bo ton electron, hn ch vit phng trnh phn ng .

S (V)
Sau y l cng thc v cc bi tp p dng :
iu kin: Khi cho mt hay nhiu kim loi c ho tr khc nhau vo dung dch H 2SO4 ,
HCl, HNO3 . Kim loi ng trc H 2 trong dy in ho .
Ta c s (V):
1HCl :
a H2

2a Cl
cR

H 2SO4 :

a H2

a SO42cR

HNO3:

b NxOy

(5x 2y)b NO-3

(5x 2y)R

Ring trng hp:

b NH+4

HNO3 NH4NO3

8b NO 3
8R

( vi a, c l cc h s , b l ho tr chung cho cc kim loi ).

Bi tp p dng :
Vd 1 : Ho tan ht 11 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al , Fe, Zn trong dung dch H 2SO4
long thu c 0,4 mol H2 v x gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh x ? .

A. 48,6 gam
C. 89,3 gam

B. 49,4 gam
D. 56,4 gam

Bi lm
Gi : R l chung cho cc kim loi : Al , Fe , Zn . Ho tr chung l b
S (V) :
b H2
b SO42- (banu: H 2
2
bR

2R

n
m

H2

SO 2 4

SO42- )

= 0,4 mol

SO42

= 96 . 0,4 = 38,4 g
2m mui = 38,4 + 11 = 49,4 g .
Vd 2 : t chy ht 2,86 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al, Fe , Cu c 4,14 gam hn hp
3 oxit . ho tan ht hn hp oxit ny, phi dng ng 0,4 lt dung dch HCl v thu
c dung dch X. C cn dung dich X th khi lng mui khan l bao nhu ? .
A. 9,45 gam
B.7,49 gam
C.8,54 gam
D. 6,45 gam
Bi lm
Gi : R l chung cho cc kim loi : Al , Fe , Cu.Ho tr chung l b
4,14 2,86
16
R R b + RCl b ,
nO =
= 0,08 .
S (V) :

b H 2O

2b Cl
2 R b+

n Cl - = 2 n O = 0,16 mol
mCl = 0,16 . 35,5 = 5,68 (g)
m mui = 5,68 + 2,86 = 8,54 (g).
Vd 3 : t chy x gam hh 3 kim loi Mg , Al , Fe bng 0,8 mol O2 , thu c 37,4 gam
hh rn B v cn li 0,2 mol O2 . Ho tan 37,4 gam hh B bng y lt dd H 2SO4 2 M ( va
) , thu c z gam hh mui khan . Tnh x, y,z .
A. 18,2gam, 0,6 lt, 133,4 gam
B.98,3gam,0,7lt,122,4gam
C. 23,1gam,0,8lt,123,4gam
D.89,5gam,0,5lt,127,1gam
Bi lm
Gi : R l chung cho cc kim loi : Mg , Al , Fe . Ho tr chung l b
m kim loai = 37,4 1,2 .16 = 18,2 (g) = x
1
( n 2 = 2 n v ta chng minh c : m 2 = m )
O

S (V): bH2O

bSO422R b+

n SO 4 = nO = 1,2 mol
m 2
SO4 = 1,2 . 96 = 115,2 (g)
2

3n axit = n SO 4 = 1,2 mol

1,2
4V = y = 2 = 0,6 lt
5 z = 18,2 + 115,2 = 133,4 (g).
Vd 4 : Cho 24,12gam hn hp X gm CuO , Fe2O3 , Al2O3 tc dng va vi 350ml dd
HNO3 4M ri un n khan dung dch sau phn ng th thu c m gam hn hp mui
khan . Tnh m .
A. 77,92 gam
B.86,8 gam
C. 76,34 gam
D. 99,72 gam
Bi lm
Gi : Rb+ l chung cho cc ion kim loi : Cu 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 3+ . Ho tr chung l b
S (V): bH2O
2b NO32R b+
1
1

6nO = 2 nNO 3 = 2 . 1,4 = 0,7 mol

7mO = 11,2 (g)
8m kimloi = 24,12 11,2 = 12,92 (g)

9mNO 3 = 1,4 . 62 = 86,8 (g) (nNO 3 = 1,4 mol)

10m mui = 86,8 + 12,92 = 99,72 (g) .
Vd 5 : Cho 16 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim v kim loi kim th tc dng ht
vi nc thu uc dung dch B v 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc) . Nu c cn dung dch B c
m1 gam hn hp rn , cn nu trung ho dung dich B bng dung dich HCl ri c cn dung
dch sn phm th c m2 gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh m1 v m2 .
A. 21,1 gam , 26,65gam
B. 12,3gam,36,65gam
C. 54,3gam,76,3gam
D. 12,3gam ,67,4gam
Bi lm

Gi : Rn+l chung cho cc ion kim loi kim v kim th . Ho tr chung l b

S (V1) :

b H2

2b OH2R b+

nOH- = 2 nH 2 = 2 . 0,15 = 0,3 mol

mOH- = 0,3 .17 = 5,1 (g)
m1 = 16 + 5,1 = 21,1 (g)
S (V2) :
2bH2O

2bCl2R b+

11nCl- = nOH- = 0,3 mol

12mCl- = 0,3 . 35,5 = 10,65 (g)
13m2 = 16 + 10,65 = 26, 65 (g) .

+ + OH- )
( Do H2O H