Phng php nhanh gii thi trc nghim Khi 12. I.

. Mt s k nng gii trc nghim + Ti hin kin thc gii cc cu hi mc bit. + Suy ngh cn thn trc khi chn phng n tr li trong cu hi i hi phi hiu k vn vn . + Xu chui cc kin thc hc lm cc bi tp vn dng. + Phn tch, so snh, tng hp lm cc bi tan vn dng mc cao. + S dng cc cng cng tan hc, cc qui tc nhanh gii cc bi tp. II. MT S BI TP VN DNG 1. Mc bit Cu 1: Mnh khng ng l: A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2=CHCOOCH3. B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c andehit v mui. C. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng c vi dung dch Br2. D. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 c th trng hp to polime. Cu 2: chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho dung dch glucoz phn ng vi A. kim loi Na. B. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng. C. Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH, un nng. D. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. Cu 3: Mt trong nhng im khc nhau ca protit so vi lipit v glucoz l A. protit lun cha chc hiroxyl. B. protit lun l cht hu c no. C. protit lun cha nit. D. protit c khi lng phn t ln hn. Cu 4: Dy gm cc cht c dng tng hp cao su Buna-S l: A. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, lu hunh. B. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2. C. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, CH3-CH=CH2. Cu 5: Nilon6,6 l mt loi A. t axetat. B. t poliamit. C. polieste. D. t visco. Cu 6. Tinh bt ng vt c gi l A. glixerin. B. Glixin. C. Glicocol. D. Glicogen. Cu 7. Mantoz c cu to t A. 2 gc glucoz. B. 2 gc fructoz. C. 1 gc glucoz v mt gc fructoz. D. nhiu gc glucoz. 2. Mc hiu III. MT S PHNG PHP V QUI TC GII BI TP TRC NGHIM Dng 1. Xc nh nhanh Cng thc phn t, Cng thc n gin 1. Kin thc cn nm vng. t chy a mol hp cht hu c A (C, O, N) thu c x mol CO2, y mol H2O v z mol N2. nCO2 x 2nH2O 2y 2nN2 2z = ; S nguyn t H = = = S nguyn t C = ; S nguyn t N = . nA a nA a nA a nCO2 nCO2 nH2O x x x = = = . T l C/H = ; T l C/N = ; T l H/N = 2nH2O 2y 2nN2 2z nN2 y 2. Cc v d minh ha Cu 1. un nng hn hp 2 ru n chc A, B c s nguyn t C gp i nhau vi 1 axit to ra mt hn hp este trong c este E. E khng tc dng vi Na. t chy 1 mol E cn 5 mol oxi , to ra 5 mol CO 2 v 4 mol H2O. 2 ru trn l : A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH C. CH3OH v C3H7OH D. C4H9OH v C2H5OH. Hng dn Trong E, S C = 5, S H = 8. Axit t nht c 2 C. S nguyn t Cacbon trong hai ru phi l 1 v 2. Chn p n A. Cu 2. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 amin no n chc ng ng lin tip, ta thu c t l mol. Cng thc ca 2 amin l: A. C2H5NH2 , C3H7NH2 B. C3H7NH2 , C4H9NH2 C. CH3NH2 , C2H5NH2 D. C4H9NH2 , C5H11NH2 1

Hng dn T l C/H = 1/4 ntb = 1,5. Chn p n A. Cu 3. t chy hon ton mt amin n chc cha no c mt lin kt pi mch cacbon ta thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l mol nH2O : nCO2 = 9:8 . Vy cng thc phn t ca amin l : A. C3H6N B. C4H9N C. C4H8N D. C3H7N Hng dn T l C/H = 8/18 = 4/9. Chn p n B. Cu 4. t chy mt t mt amin no ngi ta thu c nc v CO 2 theo t l th tch VCO2:VH2O = 2:3. Cng thc phn t ca amin l: A. C3H9N B. CH5N C. C2H7N D. C4H11N Hng dn T l C/H = 2/6 = 3/9. Chn p n A. Cu 5. t chy mt 1 mol ru A thu c 4 mol H2O. A l CH3OH. B. C2H4(OH)2. C. C3H5OH. D. C3H6(OH)2. Hng dn: Ch S nguyn t H = 2nH2O/nHCHC. p n. D. Hng dn: T l C/H = 8/18 = 4/9. p n B. 3. Bi tp vn dng Cu 1. t chy ht hn hp hai ru n chc ng ng lin tip thu c 5,6 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 6,3 g nc. Cng thc hai ru n chc trn l A. C3H6O v C4H8O B. CH3OH v C2H5OH C. C4H10O v C5H12O D. C2H5OH v C3H7OH Cu 2. t chy mt amin n chc no thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol nCO2: nH2O = 2:3. Amin l: A. C3H9N B. CH5N C. C2H7N D. C4H11N Cu 3: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 8,4 lt kh CO 2, 1,4 lt kh N2 (cc th tch kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, O = 16) A. C3H7N. B. C2H7N. C. C3H9N. D. C4H9N. Cu 4: t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO2. Mt khc, trung ha a mol Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l A. HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH. B. C2H5-COOH. C. CH3-COOH. D. HOOC-COOH. Cu 5: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2, 0,56 lt kh N2 (cc kh o ktc) v 3,15 gam H2O. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c mui H 2N-CH2-COONa. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. H2N-CH2-COO-C3H7. B. H2N-CH2-COO-CH3. C. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH. D. H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5. Cu 6: Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l A. etyl propionat. B. isopropyl axetat. C. metyl propionat. D. etyl axetat. Cu 7: t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 4.Th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO2 thu c ( cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8O2. B. C3H4O. C. C3H8O3. D. C3H8O. Cu 8: X l mt ancol (ru) no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l A. C3H6(OH)2. B. C3H5(OH)3. C. C3H7OH. D. C2H4(OH)2. Cu 9: X l mt ru no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 7,2 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l (cho C = 12, O = 16) A. C3H5(OH)3. B. C3H7OH. C. C3H6(OH)2. D. C2H4(OH)2. Cu 10. A v B l hai ru ng ng lin tip. t chy B thy s mol nc gp i s mol CO 2. un nng hn hp A v B trong H2SO4 m c 1700, s sn phm hu c thu c l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Dng II. Gii Cu ton bng cch s dng cc qui tc 2

1. bo ton khi lng. 2. bo ton nguyn t. 3. Tng gim khi lng. 1. Kin thc cn nm + Tng khi lng cc cht trc phn ng = tng khi lng cc cht sau phn ng. + Trong cc h ha hc, tng s nguyn t (mol nguyn t) ca mt nguyn t lun bo ton. 2. Bi tp vn dng Cu 1. t chy han tan m gam hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2 thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v 25,2 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l A. 1,24 gam. B. 12,4 gam. C. 2,48 gam. D. 24,8 gam. Hng dn: S dng phng php bo ton nguyn t: mX = 12mCO2/44 + 2mH2O/18 = 12,4 gam. p n B. Cu 2. trung ha ht 10,6 gam axit cacboxilic A cn dng va V ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 15 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca V l A. 100 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 300ml. D. 400 ml. Hng dn: S dng phng php tng gim khi lng: C 1 mol R(COOH)x phn ng vi x mol NaOH to ra 1 mol R(COONa)x khi lng cht rn tng 22x gam. C a mol R(COOH)x phn ng vi ax mol NaOH to ra 1 mol R(COONa)x khi lng cht rn tng 22ax gam = 4,4 gam. Vy ax = n NaOH = 0,2 mol, V = 200 ml. Cu 3. t chy a mol andehit no, n chc, mch h thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) CO2. nu cho ton b sn phm chy qua dung dch NaOH d th khi lng bnh tng thm A. 3,5 gam. B. 3,1 gam. C. 2,5 gam. D. 2,1 gam. Hng dn: Cn ch andehit no n chc khi t chy cho s mol nc bng s mol CO2. Khi lng bnh tng = mCO2 + mH2O = 3,1 gam. p n B. Cu 4. t chy 0,1 mol mt ru no, mch h cn va 5,6 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc ca ru l A. C2H5OH. B. C2H4(OH)2. C. C3H5(OH)3. D. C3H7OH. Hng dn: Qui tc: nO2/n ru = 2,5 th ru l C2H4(OH)2, nu = 3,5 th ru l C3H5(OH)3. p n B. Cu 5. t chy 0,1 mol hn hp 2 ru no thu c 4,48 lt CO 2 (ktc). Dn ton b sp phm chy qua bnh ng KOH rn d th khi lng bnh tng: A. 8,8 gam. B. 5,4 gam. C. 14,2 gam. D. 19,6 gam. Hng dn: Ch : Khi t chy ru no th s mol nc - s mol CO2 = s mol ru. Khi lng bnh tng = mH2O + mCO2 p s C. Cu 6. m gam axit cacboxilic n chc X tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 1,25m gam mui. X l A. CH3COOH. B. C2H5COOH. C. C3H7COOH. D. C2H3COOH. Hng dn: Dng qui tc tng gim khi lng. 1 mol axit chuyn thnh mt mol mui khi lng tng 22 gam M +22 Ta c: M = Suy ra M = 88. p n C. 1,25 3. Bi tp p dng Cu 1. -aminoaxit X cha mt nhm -NH2. Cho 10,3 gam X tc dng vi axit HCl (d), thu c 13,95 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. H2NCH2COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH. 3

C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. CH3CH(NH2)COOH. Cu 2: Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C 2H7NO2 tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH v un nng, thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy qu m). T khi hi ca Z i vi H2 bng 13,75. C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l (cho H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16, Na = 23) A. 16,5 gam. B. 14,3 gam. C. 8,9 gam. D. 15,7 gam. Cu 3: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO 3 thu c 7,28 gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Ca = 40) A. CH3-CH2-COOH. B. HC C-COOH. C. CH3COOH. D. CH2=CH-COOH. Cu 4: Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol (ru) n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23) A. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. D. CH3OH v C2H5OH. Cu 5: Khi t 0,1 mol mt cht X (dn xut ca benzen), khi lng CO2 thu c nh hn 35,2 gam. Bit rng, 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l? (cho C =12, O = 16) A. C2H5C6H4OH. B. C6H4(OH)2. C. HOC6H4CH2OH. D. HOCH2C6H4COOH. Cu 6: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O2 ( ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l A. 6,72. B. 4,48. C. 8,96. D. 11,2. Cu 7: Khi oxi ha hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Cng thc ca anehit l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. C2H3CHO. B. CH3CHO. C. C2H5CHO. D. HCHO. Cu 8: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit A. khng no c hai ni i, n chc. B. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. C. no, n chc. D. no, hai chc. Cu 9: Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l (cho H = 1, C =12, O = 16) A. 0,64. B. 0,92. C. 0,32. D. 0,46. Cu 10: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH 4 l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2 gam este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HCOOCH(CH3)2. B. C2H5COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. Cu 11. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai andehit no, n chc, mch h c 0,4 mol CO2.Mt khc hiro ho hon ton cng lng hn hp X trn cn 0,2 mol H2 thu c hn hp hai ru. t chy hon ton lng hn hp hai ru trn th s mol H2O thu c l: A. 0,4 mol B. 0,6mol C.0,8 mol D. 0,3mol Cu 12. t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt axit cacboxylic mch thng thu c 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,1mol H2O. Cng thc phn t ca axit l: A. C2H4O2. B. C3H4O4. C. C4H4O4. D. C6H6O6. Cu 13. t chy hon ton 1V hi cht A cn 1V oxi, thu c 1V CO 2 v 1V hi H2O (cc th tch o cng iu kin). A l: A. HCHO B. CH3OH C. HCOOH D. HCOOCH3 Cu 14. Thy phn hon ton 10 gam mt loi cht bo cn 1,2 gam NaOH. T 1 tn cht bo trn em nu vi NaOH th lng x phng nguyn cht thu c l: A. 1028 kg B. 1038 kg C. 1048 kg D. 1058 kg Cu 15. Cho 2,46 gam hn hp gm HCOOH, CH3COOH, C6H5OH tc dng va vi 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tng khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l A. 3,52 gam B. 6,45 gam C. 8,42 gam D. 3,34 gam KHI 11. I. CC MC T DUY TRONG BI TP TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN 4

1. Mc bit Cu 1. Ha tan kim loi ng sau Fe trong dy hot ng ha hc bng axit nitric long thu c sn phm kh l A. NO2. B. NO. C. N2O. D. N2. Cu 2. Trong phng th nghim, iu ch mt lng nh kh X tinh khit, ngi ta un nng dung dch amoni nitrit bo ho. Kh X l A. NO. B. NO2. C. N2O. D. N2. Cu 3: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch HNO3 t A. NH3 v O2. B. NaNO2 v H2SO4 c. C. NaNO3 v H2SO4 c. D. NaNO3 v HCl c. Cu 4. Sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn Cu(NO3)2 l A. Cu(NO3)2 v O2. B. CuO, NO2 v O2. C. Cu, NO2 v O2. D. CuO, NO v O2. Cu 5. Hai khong vt chnh ca photpho l A. photphorit v apatit. B. Photphorit v photphat. C. apatit v cacnalit. D. photphat v photphua. Cu 6. Khi t chy NH3 trong kh clo, khi trng sinh ra chnh l A. N2. B. NH4Cl. C. HCl. D. NCl3. Cu 7. Cht dng lm kh kh NH3 c ln hi nc l A. CuSO4 khan. B. NaOH rn. C. H2SO4 c. D. Na kim loi. Cu 8. nhn bit ion nitrat ta dng hn hp Cu v A. H2SO4. B. HNO3. C. H3PO4. D. NaNO3. Cu 9: Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l A. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. B. ch c kt ta keo trng. C. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln. D. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln. Cu 10: thu c Al2O3 t hn hp Al2O3 v Fe2O3, ngi ta ln lt: A. dng dung dch NaOH (d), kh CO2 (d), ri nung nng. B. dng dung dch NaOH (d), dung dch HCl (d), ri nung nng. C. dng kh CO nhit cao, dung dch HCl (d). D. dng kh H2 nhit cao, dung dch NaOH (d). 2. Mc hiu Cu 1: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l A. cht xc tc. B. cht kh. C. cht oxi ho. D. mi trng. Cu 2: Hn hp X cha Na2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng nhau. Cho hn hp X vo H2O (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha A. NaCl, NaOH, BaCl2. B. NaCl. C. NaCl, NaOH. D. NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, BaCl2. Cu 3: Trong cc dung dch: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2, dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l: A. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4. B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Na2SO4. C. NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2. D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2. Cu 4: Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th cn c t l A. a : b = 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4. C. a : b = 1 : 5. D. a : b > 1 : 4. Cu 5: Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l A. 8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6. Cu 6: nhn bit ba axit c, ngui: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 ng ring bit trong ba l b mt nhn, ta dng thuc th l A. Fe. B. CuO. C. Al. D. Cu. Cu 7: Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng gia Cu vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l A. 10. B. 11. C. 8. D. 9. Cu 8: Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2. S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l A. 3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4. 5

Cu 9: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao. Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l: A. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO. C. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. D. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO. Cu 10: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) ri thm tip dung dch NH3 (d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2. 3. Mc vn dng Cu 1: Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l A. HNO3. B. Fe(NO3)2. C. Cu(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)3. Cu 2: C th phn bit 3 dung dch: KOH, HCl, H2SO4 (long) bng mt thuc th l A. giy qu tm. B. Al. C. BaCO3. D. Zn. Cu 3: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin) A. 29,87%. B. 39,87%. C. 49,87%. D. 77,31%. Cu 4: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27) A. 2. B. 2,4. C. 1,2. D. 1,8. Cu 5: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe = 56) A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4. B. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4. C. 0,12 mol FeSO4. D. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d. Cu 6: Thc hin hai th nghim: 1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO. 2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot ra V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l A. V2 = 1,5V1. B. V2 = 2V1. C. V2 = 2,5V1. D. V2 = V1. Cu 7: Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na 2CO3 ng thi khuy u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l: A. V = 22,4(a - b). B. V = 11,2(a - b). C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a + b). Cu 8: Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung dch (gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l A. 7. B. 1. C. 6. D. 2. Cu 9: Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a mol/l, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,032. B. 0,048. C. 0,06. D. 0,04. Cu 10: Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH3COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung dch tng ng l x v y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH3COOH th c 1 phn t in li) A. y = 100x. B. y = 2x. C. y = x - 2. D. y = x + 2. Cu 11: Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H 2SO4 0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l A. 1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2. 6

II. MT S PHNG PHP GII NHANH BI TP TRC NGHIM DNG 1. S DNG NH LUT BO TON IN TCH TRONG DUNG DCH CHT IN LI. 1. Kin thc cn nm vng Trong dung dch in li, tng s mol in tch dng bng tng s mol in tch m. 2. Bi tp Cu 1: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS 2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 (va ), thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,04. B. 0,075. C. 0,12. D. 0,06. Hng dn. 0,12 mol FeS2 to ra 0,12 mol Fe3+ v 0,24 mol SO42-. a mol Cu2S to ra 2a mol Cu2+ v a mol SO42-. nh lut bo ton in tch: 3. 0,12 + 2a.2 = (0,24 + a)2. Suy ra a = 0,06. p n D. Cu 2. Dung dch X cha 0,1 mol Na+, 0,3 mol Al3+ v x mol SO42-. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi nc dung dch X l A. 29,6 gam. B. 39,2 gam. C. 58,4 gam. D. 29,2 gam. Hng dn nh lut bo tan in tch; 0,1.1 + 0,3.3 = x.2. Suy ra x = 0,5. m mui = 58,4 gam. p n C. 3. Bi tp vn dng. Dung dch X cha 0,1 mol Fe3+, 0,2 mol Na+, x mol Cl- v y mol SO42-. C cn dung dch X c 30,45 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca y l A. 0,1. B. 0,2. C. 0,3. D. 0,4. DNG II. S DNG NH LUT BO TON S MOL ELECTRON. 1. Kin thc cn nm Trong cc h oxi ha kh: Tng s mol electron cht kh cho = tng s mol electron cht oxi ha nhn. a. Kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 (to sn phm kh N+x): S mol electron trao i gp bao nhiu ln s mol in tch ca anion to mui th s mol ca anion to mui gp by nhiu ln s mol ca N+x n NO3- to mui = nNO2 + 3nNO + 8nN2O + 10nN2. n HNO3 phn ng = 2nNO2 + 4nNO + 10nN2O + 12nN2. m mui = m kim loi + m gc nitrat to mui. b. Kim loi tc dng vi H2SO4 (to sn phm kh l S+x) S mol electron trao i gp bao nhiu ln s mol in tch ca anion to mui th s mol ca anion to mui gp by nhiu lns mol ca S+x. n SO42- to mui = n SO2 + 3 nS + 4 nH2S. n H2SO4 phn ng = 2 nSO2 + 4 nS + 5 nH2S. Qui tc chung: S mol electron trao i gp bao nhiu ln s mol in tch ca anion to mui th s mol ca anion to mui gp by nhiu ln s mol ca cht c s oxi ha +x 2. Bi tp Cu 1. Ha tan m gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu trong dung dch HNO3, kt thc phn ng thu c 0,1 mol NO v 0,15 mol NO2. S mol HNO3 c tham gia phn ng l A. 0,3 mol. B. 0,4 mol. C. 0,7 mol. D. 0,35 mol. Hng dn Da vo mi quan h gia s mol HNO3 phn ng vi s electron trao i v s nguyn t Nit trong sn phm kh ta c: n HNO3 = 4n NO + 2 n NO2 = 0,7 mol. p n: C. Cu 2. Ha tan hon tan 2,52 gam hn hp Mg v Al bng dung dch HCl thu c 2,688 lt kh (ktc). Cng lng hn hp ny nu ha tanhan tan bng H 2SO4 c, nng thu c 0,04 mol mt sn phm duy nht cha S. Sn phm kh l A. SO3. B. H2S. C. SO2. D. S Hng dn 7

Dng mi quan h: ne kim loi nhng = H+ nhn = ne S+6 nhn. 0,04 (6-x) = 0,24 x = 0. Sn phm kh l S. p n D. Cu 3. Ha tan han tan 12 gam hn hp Fe v Cu (s mol hai kim loi bng nhau) bng dung dch HNO 3 d thu c V lt (ktc) hn hp X (gm hai kh NO v NO 2) v dung dch Y ch cha hai mui v axit d. T khi hi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l A. 3,36. B. 2,24. C. 4,48. D. 5,60. Hng dn Dng nh lut bo ton s mol electron. 3nFe + 2nCu = 3 nNO + 2 nNO2. M = 19 nn hai kh c s mol bng nhau. p n. D. Cu 4. Trn m gam Al vi hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm, sau mt thi gian c hn hp cht rn A. Ha tan ht a trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,03 mol NO2 v 0,02 mol NO. Gi tr ca m l A. 0,27 gam. B. 0,54 gam. C. 0,81 gam. D. 1,08 gam. Hng dn Ch : trong h ny Al l cht kh, HNO3 l cht oxi ha. Dng nh lut bo ton s mol electron: 3nAl = nNO2 + 3 nNO. Tm ra m = 0,81 gam. p n C. Cu 5. Ha tan 5,04 gam hn hp 3 kim loi X, Y, Z c ha tr khng i trong 100 ml dung dch HNO3 xM thu c m gam mui, 0,02 mol NO2 v 0,005 mol N2O. Gi tr ca x v m ln lt l A. 0,9 M v 8,76 gam. B. 0,45 m v 8,72 gam. C. 0,9M v 7,82 gam. D. 0,5 M v 2,78 gam. Hng dn n HNO3 = 0,02.2 + 0,005.10 = 0,09 mol. X = 0,9M. m = 5,04 + (0,02 + 0,005.8)62 = 8,76 gam. 3. Bi tp p dng Cu 1. Ha tan va 6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi X, Y c ha tr tng ng l I, II vo dung dch hn hp 2 axit HNO3 v H2SO4 thu c 2,688 lt kh B gm SO2 v NO2 (ktc) c tng khi lng l 5,88 gam. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 7,92 gam. B. 14,12 gam. C. 8,96 gam. 8,12 gam. Cu 2: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H 2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l (cho H = 1, N = 14, O = 16, Fe = 56, Cu = 64) A. 2,24. B. 4,48. C. 5,60. D. 3,36. Cu 3: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l A. 2,62. B. 2,32. C. 2,52. D. 2,22. Cu 4: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H 2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l (cho H = 1, N = 14, O = 16, Fe = 56, Cu = 64) A. 2,24. B. 4,48. C. 5,60. D. 3,36. Cu 5: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l A. 2,62. B. 2,32. C. 2,52. D. 2,22. DNG III. S DNG CC QUI TC, BO TAN KHI LNG, BO TAN NGUYN T. 1. Kin thc cn nm. + nh lut bo tan khi lng. 8

+ Bo tan s mol nguyn t. + Qui tc tng gim khi lng. 2. Bi tp Cu 1. Ha tan 2,29 gam hn hp hai kim loi Ba v Na vo nc c dung dch A v 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Thm t t dung dch FeCl3 vo dung dch A cho n d. Lc kt ta, ra sch, sy kh v nung n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 1,6 gam. B. 3,2 gam. C. 4,8 gam. D. 6,4 gam. Hng dn Da vo mi quan h v s mol gia Fe2O3, Fe(OH)3, OH- v H2 d dng suy ra: S mol Fe2O3 = 1/3 nH2 = 0,01 mol. M = 1,6 gam. p n A. Cu 2. Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp Fe2O3, MgO v ZnO trong 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1 M va . Sau phn ng c cn dung dch, khi lng mui khan thu c l A. 4,81 gam. B. 5,81 gam. C. 3,81 gam. D. 6,81 gam. Hng dn Ch : nO2- = nSO42M = 2,81 + (96 - 18).0,05 = 6,81 gam. p n D. Cu 3: Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23) A. 4,2 gam. B. 5,8 gam. C. 6,3 gam. D. 6,5 gam. Hng dn Dng nh lut bo ton khi lng tm ra s mol ca CO2 = 0,15 mol. Lp t l nNaOH / n CO2 suy ra phn ng ch to mui axit. nNaHCO3 = 0,075 mol. m = 6,3 gam. p n C. Cu 4: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai kim loi l A. Mg v Ca. B. Ca v Sr. C. Be v Mg. D. Sr v Ba. Hng dn Dng phng php t cng thc trung bnh. n H2 = n Kl = 0,03 mol. M tb = 1,67/0,03 = 55,67. Hai kim loi l Ca v Sr. p n B.