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Bin son: L c Thun

1
CHNG I. PHP BIN HNH
VN 1. PHP TNH TIN

- hc tt chng Php bin hnh ny, hc sinh cn xem li ton b cc kin thc v
vect v phng php ta hc trong chng trnh Hnh hc 10 trng THPT.
- nh ngha php tnh tin: Trong mt phng cho v

c nh. Php bin hnh bin mi im

M trong mt phng thnh im ' M sao cho ' MM v =

gi l php tnh tin theo vect . v

- K hiu: Thng k hiu
v
T

l php tnh tin theo vect . v

Nu php tnh tin

v
T

bin
im M thnh ' M th ta vit ( ) ' .
v
T M M =

im ' M gi l nh ca im M v im M gi
l to nh ca im '. M
- ' M l nh ca M qua php tnh tin theo vect v

khi v ch khi M l nh ca ' M qua

php tnh tin theo vec . v

1. Cho cc im O, on thng MN, ng thng d, tam gic ABC, ng trn (C) v vect v

cho trc. Dng nh ca im O, on thng MN, ng thng d v tam gic ABC v
ng trn (C) qua php tnh tin theo vect . v

V hnh minh ha.

- Php tnh tin bin im thnh im, ng thng thnh ng thng song song hoc
trng vi n, bin tam gic thnh tam gic bng n, bin ng trn thnh ng trn bng
n, bin gc thnh gc c s o bng n.
- Biu thc ta ca php tnh tin:
( )
( ) ( )
;
'
: ; ' '; ' .
'
v a b
x x a
T M x y M x y
y y b
=
= +

= +

Dng 1. Tm ta nh ca im, phng trnh ca ng thng v ng trn qua
php tnh tin
- Biu thc ta : Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho trc vect ( ) ; . v a b

Khi php
tnh tin
v
T

bin im ( ) ; M x y thnh ( ) ' '; ' M x y th

'
.
'
x x a
y y b
= +

= +

2. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho im ( ) 3; 5 , A ng thng : 3 5 3 0 d x y + = v ng
trn ( )
2 2
: 2 4 4 0. C x y x y + + =
a) Tm nh ca A, d v (C) qua php tnh tin theo vect ( 1; 2) v

bng nhiu cch.

b) Tm to nh ca A, d v (C) qua php tnh tin theo vect ( 1; 2). v

Hng dn: Phng trnh ( )
2 2
: 2 2 0 C x y ax by c + + + + = l ng trn
2 2
0. a b c + >
Khi ng trn ( ) C c tm ( ) ; , I a b bn knh
2 2
. R a b c = +
3. Trong mt phng ta , Oxy xt php tnh tin theo vect ( ) 3; 2 . v =

a) Tm nh ca cc im ( ) ( ) 4;1 , 5; 3 M N qua .
v
T

p s: ( ) ( ) ' 1;3 , ' 8; 1 . M N

b) Tm nh ca ng thng : 2 5 3 0 d x y + = qua .
v
T

p s: ' : 2 5 7 0. d x y + =
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2
c) Tm nh ca ng trn ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
: 2 3 4 C x y + + = qua .
v
T

p s: ( ) ( )
2 2
5 1 4. x y + + =
d) Bit rng nh ca im P qua
v
T

l im ( ) ' 8; 5 . P Hy tm ta im . P p s:
( ) 11; 3 . P
Dng 2. S dng php tnh tin gii ton chng minh v tm cc yu t ca hnh
4. Cho hai im phn bit B v C c nh trn ng trn (O), im A di ng trn ng trn
(O). Chng minh rng khi A di ng trn ng trn (O) th trc tm H ca tam gic ABC
di ng trn mt ng trn. Hng dn: V ng knh '. BB
5. Cho t gic ABCD c
0 0
, 75 , 45 . AB BC CD a BAD ADC = = = = = Hy tnh di on
thng AD theo . a Hng dn: Gi ' A l nh ca A qua
BC
T

v p dng nh l cosin vo
tam gic ' A AD ta tm c 2 3. AD a = +
Dng 3. S dng php tnh tin gii ton qu tch
6. Cho ng trn ( ) , O on thng AB c nh v C l im di ng trn ( ). O V hnh
bnh hnh . ABCD
a) Tm qu tch cc im D khi C di ng trn ng trn ( ). O
b) V tam gic DCE vung cn ti . D Tm qu tch im E khi C di ng trn ng
trn ( ). O
7. Cho on thng AB v ng trn (C) tm O, bn knh R, nm v mt pha ca ng
thng AB. Ly im M trn (C), ri dng hnh bnh hnh '. ABMM Tm tp hp cc im
' M khi M di ng trn (C).
Dng 4. S dng php tnh tin gii ton dng hnh
8. Trong mt phng cho hai ng thng
1
d v
2
d ct nhau v hai im A, B khng thuc hai
ng thng sao cho AB khng song song hoc trng vi
1
d v
2
. d Hy tm im M
trn
1
d v N trn
2
d t gic ABMN l hnh bnh hnh.
9. Cho hai ng thng song song a v . b im A nm na mt phng c b l a v
khng cha . b im B nm na mt phng c b l b v khng cha . a Hy xc nh
hai im M trn a v N trn b sao cho MN vung gc vi a v di on gp khc
AMNB ngn nht. Hng dn: Ly , H K ln lt trn , a b sao cho HK vung gc vi a
v xt php tnh tin .
HK
T

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