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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC TIN GIANG KHOA K THUT

TIU LUN TT NGHIP Ti :

H THNG PHN PHI KH THNG MINH VVT I ( VARIABLE VALVE TIMING INTELLIGENT SYSTEM )

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI SVTH: NGUYN THANH TUYN MSSV: 008306018 TP. M THO , thng 6 ,nm 2011 NHN XT CA CN HNG DN B
GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI 1 SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

H v tn sinh vin : Nguyn Thanh Tuyn Ngnh : C Kh ng Lc Lp: Cao ng C Kh 08 Tn ti : H Thng Phn Phi Kh Thng Minh VVT-I Trn T ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. Kt lun: M Tho , ngy ,thng..,nm 2011 CN B HNG DN (K v ghi r h tn) NHN XT CA GING VIN PHN BIN .................................................................................................................

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. GING VIN PHN BIN (K v ghi r h tn)

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

NI DUNG CHNG I : GII THIU S LC V C CU PHN PHI KH CA NG C T TRONG CHNG II : GII THIU CC C CU PHN PHI KH THNG MINH Sau mt thi gian thc hin , vi s hng dn ca thy Nguyn Hunh Thi , n nay ti ca ti c hon thnh . Mc d c nhiu ngun ti liu t bit nh l trn Internet rt nhiu , nhng do kin thc v thi gian c hn kh trnh khi nhng say lm thiu st , rt mong s ng gp kin ca qu thy c v cc bn bi tiu lun ca ti c hon thin hn . Qua y em chn thnh cm n thy Nguyn Hunh Thi gi thiu ti rt hay chng em hc v nghin cu .

M Tho , thng 06/2011 Sinh vin thc hin Nguyn Thanh Tuyn

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

MC LC Li ni u.......................................................................................................... CHNG I : GII THIU S LC V C CU PHN PHI KH CA NG C T TRONG 1.1 Nhim v :................................................................................ 1.2 Yu cu : .................................................................................. 1.3 Phn loi c cu phn phi kh ca ng c t trong ....... 1.4 Mt s h thng phn phi kh ng c t trong . CHNG II : GII THIU CC C CU PHN PHI KH THNG MINH. 2.1 Gii thiu s lc : 2.2 H thng phi kh VVT-I :..................................................... 2.2.1 Lch s hnh thnh h thng phn phi kh VVT.............................. 2.2.2 Cu to : .......................................................................................... 2.2.3Nguyn l hot ng. ......................................................................... 2.2.4 Trc cam v h thng phi kh thng minh (VVT-i):........................ 2.3 Cng ngh VVTL-I ca HONDA ......................................... 2.3.1 Cu to ............................................................................................ 2.3.2 Nguyn l hot ng:........................................................................ 2.4 Cu to v hot ng ca h thng VTEC (VARYABLE VALVE TIMING AND LIFT ELECTRONIC CONTROL ) cng ngh VTEC ca HONDA :................................................ 2.4.1 Cu to................................................................................................ 2.4.2 Nguyn l hot dng .......................................................................... 2.5 Tm hiu MVEC trn xe MISUBISHI :............................... 2.5.1 Cu to............................................................................................. 2.5.2 Nguyn l hot ng. ........................................................................ 2.6 C cu VARIO CAM PLUS ca hang PORSCHE :..........
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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

2.6.1 Cu to:............................................................................................ 2.6.2 Nguyn l hot ng :. ..................................................................... 2.7 C cu EMVT : iu khin xuppap bng in : .................. 2.8 C cu EVHS : in _ thy lc : ........................................... CHNG III : CC H HNG , PHNG PHP KIM TRA V SA CHA C CU PHN PHI KH . 3.1 H hong cua c cu phi khi thng do 2 nguyn nhn : Xu pap ong khng kin v Xu pap lam vic co ting go :......... 3.2 Cc h hng ca cc b phn tay di hnh trnh xupap : 3.3 Phong php kim tra h hng v c c phn phi kh : 3.4 Kim tra cm bin : ................................................................ Kt lun ......................................................................................................... Ti liu tham kho .......................................................................................

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

LI NI U ****** Trong thi im vt gi leo thang hin nay , t bit l gi xng , du ang ngt ngng .Th trong vic chn mua mt phng tin giao thng i li t bit l t th ngi tiu dng hng ti mt loi xe va phi tin nghi va tit kim c nhin liu . H thng phn phi kh thng minh VVT-I gii quyt c vn trn. Chng nhng va tit kim c vn nhin liu m cn va gim bt gy nhim mi trng . Vi mt ch cng c v m rng kim thc chuyn mn , ng thi lm quen vi phong cch nhin cu khoa hc gp phn nng cao hiu qu phi kh trn ng c dt trong . Ti chn ti ny lm tiu lun tt nghip .

Ngi thc hin NGUYN THANH TUYN

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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip

H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

Tiu Lun Tt Nghip

H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

CHNG I : GII THIU S LC V C CU PHN PHI KH CA NG C T TRONG . 1.1 Nhim v : H thng phn phi kh c nhim v thc hin qu trnh thay i kh.thi sch kh ra khi xylanh v np dy hn hp hoc kh mi vo xylanh ng c lm vic lin tc. 1.2 Yu cu : m bo thi sch v np y. Cc xupap phi ng m ng theo thi im quy nh. m phi ln dng kh d la thng. C c xupap phi kn kht , trnh lt kh trong qu trnh nn va gin n. H thng phi lm vic m du, tin cy cng chi ph thp. Yu cu i vi h thng np: Cc ng dn kh phi c thit k c bit in khin lu lng , tc v chiu dn khng kh tt nht. Cung cp khng kh qut . Cung cp kh sch cho tng xylanh theo yu cu chy hon ho. Gim ting n dng kh lu ng. Sy nng hn hp kh _nhin liu i vo cc xylanh Yu cu i vi h thng x: Dn kh x ca ng c ra ngoi khng kh v gim tin n . Lc v tiu hy kh x c . 1.3 Phn loi c cu phn phi kh ca ng c t trong : 1) C cu phn phi kh dng cam xupap . 2) C cu phn phi kh dng van trt. 3) C cu dng piston ng m ca np v ca x ca dng c 2 k. 4) C cu phn phi kh dng b phn iu khin in t (ECM) tn hiu n cun solenoid ,cc cun solenoid in c nhim v m cc xupap.
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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

ng c Diezen s dng c cu xupap treo v dung tch bun chy v t s nn cao . ng c xng c th dng xupap treo hay t. Ngy nay thng dng c cu xupap treo v c cu ny c nhiu a im hn so vi dng xupap t. Cu to lm cho bun chy gn, y l iu kin tin quyt c t s nn cao v gim kh nng kch n ca ng c xng.cc dng kh lu thng t b ngoc tn tht nh to iu kin cho vic thi sch v np y hn. 1.4 Mt s h thng phn phi kh ng c t trong C cu phn phi kh dng thc hin qu trnh thay kh: x kh thi ra khi xilanh v np y hn hp hoc khng kh mi vo xilanh trong qu trnh lm vic ca ng c, m bo ng kn cc ca np, ca x trong qu trnh. 1. C cu phn phi kh c xu pp treo:

Hnh 1.1 C cu phn phi kh c xupp treo. C cu phn phi kh c xu pp treo (Hnh 1), cc xupp c b tr pha trn ca np my. H thng np x ny c dng hu ht trong ng c diesel v ng c c xng c t s nn cao. C cu xupp treo gm:
GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI 10 SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

Tiu Lun Tt Nghip

H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

trc cam, con i, a y, n gnh, l xo, ng n hng v xupp. i vi c cu xupp treo c trc cam t pha trn np my. Th c th khng c a y m thay vo l xch hoc bnh rng. V c th c hoc khng c n gnh. Khi trc cam quay, cam s truyn chuyn ng tnh tin cho con i lm cho a y chuyn ng tnh tin do lm cho n gnh quay quanh trc n gnh. u n gnh s ln ui xupp lm cho xupp chuyn ng tnh tin i xung m ca np v x thc hin qu trnh trao i kh. Vo lc cam khng i con i th l xo xupp s gin ra, lm cho xupp chuyn ng i ln ng ca np v x li thc hin qu trnh nn, chy, gin n v sinh cng. t th ny, lc my cn ngui, gia u n gnh v ui xupp s c khe h, gi l khe h nhit. Nh n, khi my lm vic, do nng ln, xupp c gin n, bung t cng khng b hn hit. 2.C cu phn phi kh c xu pp ng (xupp t):

Hnh1. 2. C cu phn phi kh c xu pp ng. 1 xupap; 2 xupap; 3- ng dn hung xupap; 4 l xo xupap;

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI 11 SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

5 mng hm hnh cn; 6 a chn l xo; 7 bulng iu chnh; 8 ai c hm;9 con i; 10 trc cam. C cu phn phi kh c xupp ng trnh by trn (Hnh 1.2), loi ny thng dng my xng. y khng c a y, n gnh, con i 9 trc tip truyn ng cho xupap 2. Thay i chiu cao tuyt i ca con i bng bu lng 7 v c hm 8 s iu chnh c khe h nhit. Loi h thng np x c xupp ng ny lm tng din tch bung t nhng t chi tit hn so vi loi xupp treo do tin cy khi lm vic ca loi ny cao hn h thng np x c xupp treo. V an ton hn loi xupp treo, v gi s mng hm xupp c tut ra, xupp cung khng ri vo xylanh, khng gy h hngcho piston, xy lanh c bit khi khi ng c ang lm vic. 3. C cu phn phi kh c trc cam truyn ng trc tip cho xupp:

Hnh 1.3. C cu phn phi kh c xupp treo, trc cam t trn np xupp. 1xupp x; 2l xo xupp; 3trc cam; 4a ta; 5bulng iu chnh; 6thn xupp rng; 7vnh ta; 8mt tr; 9a ta l xo; C cu phn phi kh c trc cam truyn ng trc tip cho xupp th hin trn hnh v (Hnh 1.3). khi trc cam t trn np xylanh, v cam trc tip iu khin vic ng, m xupp, khng qua con i, a y, n gnh Tuy nhin h trc v hai cp bnh rng cn c phc tp, ch to kh, nhng n
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip

H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

c u im l lm vic m hn, t gy ting n. Bi v c cu ny khng c chi tit lm vic theo chuyn ng tnh tin c im dng nh trng hp c n gnh v a y. Loi ny c xupp rng, ghp. Bulng 5 gip ta iu chnh chiu di xupp, s cho php iu chnh khe h nhit (gi mt ta ca cam v ui xupp). Tuy nhin, i vi xupp x thng lm vic nhit ti (300 400)0C. v vy cc ng ren d b kt do han r, iu chnh bu lng 5 rt kh. L xo xupp y c hai chic c cng khc nhau, chiu qun nguc nhau v c chiu di bng nhau. Nh vy trnh c s cng hng nn bn lu hn. Vi my nh i khi ngi ta c lin mt khi, nh vy khng iu chnh c khe h nhit. Trong trng hp ny, nh ch to khe h nhit ln mt cht, khi mn cng ln hn, nn c th c ting g khi my lm vic, nhng cu to n gin, m vic an ton. 4 C cu phn phi kh c trc cam t trn np xylanh nhng vn c n gnh:

Hnh 1.4 .S c cu phn phi kh c trc cam t trn np xylanh nhng vn c n gnh. C cu phn phi kh c trc cam t trn np xylanh nhng vn c n gnh c th hin trn hnh v (Hnh 4). Trc cam t trn np xylanh, nhng cam khng trc tip t vo xupp m thng qua n gnh s. Chuyn ng t

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

trc khuu cho trc cam bng xch. iu chnh khe h nhit c thc hin nh vt iu chnh v c hm u n gnh. 5.C cu phn phi kh iu khin in t: a. S nguyn l tng qut: H thng iu khin ng c theo chng trnh bao gm cc cm bin kim sot lin tc tnh trng hot ng ca ng c, mt b ECU tip nhn tn hiu t cm bin, x l tn hiu v a ra tn hiu iu khin n c cu chp hnh. C cu chp hnh lun m bo tha lnh ECU v p ng cc tn hiu phn hi t cc c bin. Hot ng ca h thng iu khin ng c em li s chnh xc v thch ng cn thit gim ti a cht c hi trong kh thi cng nh lng tiu hao nhin liu. ECU cng m bo cng sut ti u cc ch hot ng ca ng c, gip chn on khi c s c xy ra. iu khin ng c bao gm iu khin phun nhin liu, iu khin nh la, iu khin gc phi cam, iu khin ra t ng.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hnh1. 5 : S cu trc ca h thng iu khin lp trnh

b. S cu to:
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip

H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hnh 1.6:S cu to h thng iu khin kiu Valvetronic. 1:M t bc; 2:B truyn trc vt bnh vt; 3:Cn dn hng 4:Trc np cn dn hng; 5: n gnh; 6:L xo xupap; 7: Xupap. H thng cung cp nhin liu kim sot s lng khng kh i qua c hng bm ga v quyt nh s lng nhin liu tng ng m ng c yu cu. Bm ga m cng rng th lng khng kh i vo bung t cng nhiu. Ti vng hng bm ga, bm ga ng mt phn thm ch gn nh ng, nhng nhng piston vn cn hot ng, khng kh c ly vo t mt phn ca ng thng ca ng ng phn phi u vo, ng thng nm gia v tr bm ga v bung t c chn khng thp ngn cn tc ng ca s ht vo v bm vo ca nhng piston, lm lng ph nng lng.Cc k s t ni n hin tng ny nh s b ph nng lng khi c s bm. ng c hot ng cng chm th cc bm ga ng cng nhiu, v s lng ph nng lng cng ln. Valvetronic gim ti thiu mt mt khi bm bng s gim bt s tng ln ca trc van v s lng khng kh i vo bung chy. So vi nhng ng c cam i kiu c vi s xut hin ca bnh con ln c b phn nh hng, valvetronic s dng thm mt trc lch tm, mt m t in v mt s cn y (n gnh) trung gian, m ln lt dn ng s ng v m ca cc xupp. Nu n gnh y xung su, nhng van np s b y xung v tr m xupp ln nht v lm cho tit din lu thng qua cc van l ln nht. Nh vy, valvetronic
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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

c kh nng np nhiu, thi gian np di (hnh trnh van ln) v qu trnh np c y hon ton, tit din lu thng nh (hnh trnh van ngn) tu thuc vo v tr nh trc trn ng c. C cu phi kh trc cam trn nh

Hnh 1.7 : Phi kh trc cam trn nh, trong DOHC. C cu phi kh trc cam trn nh l thut ng trong ngh ch c cu iu hnh s chuyn ng ca cc trong ng c t, nh vo cc t trn nh ng c.C mt s c cu thng dng nh SOHC, DOHC,...SOHC

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hnh 1.8 : C cu SOHC Mt c cu SOHC SOHC (vit tt cho t Single Over Head Camshaft) dng ch c cu phi kh mt trc cam trn nh. Trong c cu ny, c b tr trong cm u xylanh (trn nh piston), c dn ng bi xch cam v iu khin xupap thng qua . u im ca c cu l do gim nhiu chi tit dn ng nn n hot ng n nh hn, ngay c tc cao. Tuy nhin c cu ny cng c nhc im l kh nng p ng ca xupap khng nhanh bng c cu DOHC.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hnh 1.9 : C cu DOHC C cu DOHC ca mt ng c ca OHC (vit tt cho t ting Anh Double Over Head Camshaft) dng ch c cu phi kh hai trc cam trn nh. Trong c cu ny, xupap np v xupap x c iu khin bi hai trc cam ring bit. C 2 loi c cu phi kh hai trc cam: loi c s dng c m v loi khng s dng c m. C cu DOHC cho php thit k dng bung t u vit hn loi SOHC. Kh nng p ng v hot ng ca xupap cng nhanh hn v chnh xc hn so vi loi SOHC. Do vy, c cu ny c p dng cho cc loi ng c cn tnh nng cao, tc cao (th , xe hi).

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

CHNG II GII THIU CC C CU PHN PHI KH THNG MINH 2.1 GII THIU S LC

Hnh 2.1 : Xupap thng minh Xu hng pht trin ca t hin i ngy nay l gia tng tc cc i t 180-250 km n 250-330 km/h v gim tiu hao nhin liu. Cc gii php c a ra nhm tng tc ng c l iu khin pha phi kh hoc thay i hnh trnh xupp thng minh. Tip theo nhiu hng xe ln trn th gii v ang p dng gii php th hai vo mc ch trn. Cc cng ngh nh VVTL-i ca Toyota; VTEC ca Honda; MIVEC ca Mitsubishi; VALVETRONIC ca BMW; VVEL ca Nissan ln lt xut hin khng nh tm quan trng ca

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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip

H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

vn nu trn. Bi vit k ny chng ti s ln lt gii thiu vi cc bn v cc cng ngh ny. Hin nay trn ng c t c nhiu k hiu ch ci vit tt nh: HONDA gi l VTEC hay i-VTEC, VVT-i v VVTL-i ca ToyotaChng nhm qung b cho cc cng ngh mi nht v tin tin ca hng nhng bn cnh khin ngi tiu dng khng th hiu ht c cc k hiu phc tp .

Hnh 2.2 : H thng in khin bng thy lc . Di y chng ti a ra mt s gii thch c bn nh sau: - Trn t, cc loi ng c 4 k hin i ngy nay s dng c cu phi kh thng minh ( c cu iu khin trc cam thng minh) nhm iu chnh thi im ng m xupap, pha phi kh mt cch t ng hoc lm thay i nng ca xupp t ng ty thuc vo ch lm vic ca ng c.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hnh 2.3 : ng c VVT-I . - HONDA c ng c VTEC ( Variable Vale Timing and Lift Electronic Control ): Pha phi kh v m van iu kin in t , H thng VTEC hot ng ging nh mt thit b nn hay mt tuc bin tng p bng cch to ra kh nng cun cao v hiu sut tip nhin liu hiu qu to ra cng sut ln.

Hnh 2.4 : H thng VTEC - Ngoi ra HONDA cn c cc th h ng c nh :VTEC-E: l h thng b truyn ng van trong hai ch cam iu khin van c kch thc khc nhau. Cam ngn hn cho php mt van m vi m t v iu ny lm gim mc tiu hao nhin liu. Ging h thng VTEC ban u, khi ng c t s vng/pht ln hn, cht kha kha cam thit k cho vng tua cao v thi gian m van c tng ln t c cng sut ln hn.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

3STAGE VTEC: H thng ny s dng 3 ch cam khc nhau hot ng 3 pha. Mi cam iu khin mt pha thi gian m v nng van khc nhau. i-VTEC: (Intelligent VTEC) l h thng iu khin van thnh cng nht t trc ti nay ca hng HONDA v c ng dng trn nhiu mu xe. H thng i-VTEC c gii thiu nm 2001 v s dng thit b iu chnh thi gian van np bin thin lin tc v h thng qun l do my tnh iu khin ti u ha m men xon v hiu sut s dng nhin liu. AVTEC: Advanced VTEC c hng HONDA gii thiu nm 2006. H thng ny kt hp nhng li th ca h thng i-VTEC vi h thng iu khin pha bin thin lin tc. Hng HONDA cho bit h thng AVTEC s cho php tit kim 13% nhin liu so vi h thng i-VTEC v gim ti 75% kh thi so vi tiu chun nm 2005. Tuy vy, cho n nay, h thng ny vn cha c trang b cho cc mu xe t mi c sn xut. H thng VTEC ca HONDA l du mc quan trng trong vic nghin cu v pht trin ng c t trong v n gp phn gii quyt thnh cng mt vn c t ra t lu. l vn v hiu sut hot ng ca ng c. H thng VTEC ra i khng ch gip tng hiu sut ca ng c t trong m cn mang n cho khch hng mt chic xe cng sut cao v tit kim nhin liu. - Hng xe Nht TOYOTA th c VVT-i (Variable Vale Timing intelligent): thi im phi kh thay i thng minh hay VVTL-i (Variable Valve Timing and Lift intelligent) thi im phi kh v hnh trnh xupp thay i thng minh. Thng thng, thi im phi kh c c nh, nhng h thng VVT-i s dng p sut thy lc xoay trc cam np v lm thay i thi im phi kh. iu ny c th lm tng cng sut, ci thin tnh kinh t nhin liu v gim kh x nhim.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hnh 2.5 : H thng VVTL-i H thng ny c thit k iu khin thi im phi kh bng cch xoay trc cam trong mt phm vi 400 so vi gc quay ca trc khuu t c thi im phi kh ti u cho cc iu kin hot ng ca ng c da trn tn hiu t cc cm bin, cn h thng VVTL-i da trn h thng VVT-i v p dng mt c cu i vu cam thay i hnh trnh ca xupp np v x. iu ny cho php c c cng sut cao m khng nh hng n tnh kinh t nhin liu hay nhim kh x. - Cng nh th BMW gi cng ngh ny phc tp hn l VANOS (Variable nockenwellen steuerung ) H thng VANOS lm vic da trn nguyn tc l iu khin cc c cu ca h thng, m vic iu chnh c th lam thay i v tr tng i ca trc cam np i vi trc khuu H thng iu chnh kiu VANOS gip cho vic iu khin h thng phn phi kh ch ti u nht. H thng ny iu chnh c trc cam np v trc cam x, iu chnh c thi im ng, m cc xupp np v xupp x theo tng ch yu cu ca ng c. Nh vic iu chnh hp l c cu xuppp np v xuppp x do tit kim c lng nhin liu khi ng c hot ng cc ch khc nhau v lng nhin liu tht thot ra ngoi theo kh thi trong qu trnh x ca ng c kt qu l gim c chi ph nhin liu khi vn hnh ng c. Lm tng cng sut nh mc ca ng c do hiu qu kinh t khi s dng ng c tng. - Ngoi ra cn mt s hng khc nh:

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Mitsubishi c ng c MIVEC ( Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing Electronic Control system ): h thng iu khin van bng h thng kim sot thi gian bng in t Nissan c ng c VVL ( Variable Valve Lift and Timing): m van v thi gian Porsche goi l VarioCam Plus: van bin thi gian GM gi l VVT, Subaru cng khng chu km phn t lun ci tn l Dual AVCS. Cp nht 2:30pm 9/8/2010)......Hin nay trn ng c t c nhiu k hiu ch ci vit tt nh: HONDA gi l VTEC hay i-VTEC, VVT-i v VVTL-i ca Toyota. Chng nhm qung b cho cc cng ngh mi nht v tin tin ca hng nhng bn cnh khin ngi tiu dng khng th hiu ht c cc k hiu phc tp . 2.2 H thng phn phi kh VVT 2.2.1 Lch s hnh thnh h thng phn phi kh VVT FIAT l hng xe hi trn th gii pht minh ra h thng c th thay i thi im phi kh bao gm s thay i v nng van. FIAT l hng xe hi trn th gii pht minh ra h thng c th thay i thi im phi kh bao gm s thay i v nng van.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

c pht trin bi Giovanni Torazza vo cui nhng nm 1960, h thng ny s dng p sut bng thy lc lm thay i im ta ca cam cho ph hp ( pht minh US 3.641.988 ).p sut thy l ny thay i tu theo tc ng c v p sut ca van np. m ca van c th thay i ti 37%.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hnh 2.7: C cu thay di thi im ca hng FIAT- Distribution Torazza (1970).

Hnh 28 : . Cc loi c cu thay i c in. Vo thng 9 nm 1975, hng General Motor pht minh ra h thng c nh l thay i nng van. GM ch n hng ca van np nhm gim bt lng nhit thot ra. Bng cch gim n mc ti thiu lng nng van ti ti trng thp m vn gi c tc np cao, do lm nh li hng np. GM khng gii quyt c vn khi hot ng nng rt thp nn d n b b d. Hng Alfa Romeo l hng sn xut xe u tin s dng h thng thay i thi im nng van trong sn xut xe (pht minh US 4.231.330). Chic xe Alfa Romeo Spider 2.0L nm 1980 s dng h thng VVT vi h thng phun xng Spica v c bn M. V sau n cng cn c s dng trn model xe Alfetta 2.0 Quandrifoglio Oro vo nm 1983 cng nh cc loi xe khc. Nissan cng pht trin h thng VVT ring ca h ving c VG30DE(TT) cho loi xe Concept Mid-4 ca h. Nissan tptrung chnh vo vic sn xut h thng NVCS ca mnh (Nissan Valve- Timing Control System) ti tc momen xon nh v trung bnh, bi v phn ln ng c khng hot ng nhiu tc cao. H thng NVCS ny c th p ng c c hai yu cu l tc cm chng
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m du v hot ng nhiu tc thp v trung bnh. Mc d vy n vn hot ng tt c tc cao, nhng h thng vn tp trung chnh l phm vi tc thp v trung bnh. ng c VG30DE l loi ng c u tin p dng v c lp rp trn model xe 300ZX(Z31)300ZR vo nm 1987, y l loi t u tin s dng k thut iu khin VVT bng in t.

Hnh 2.9 : C cu trn ng c Nissan Maxima. Vi bc tip theo l vo nm 1989, Honda vi h thng VTEC (Variable Valve Timing And Lift Electronic Control). Honda bt u sn xut h thng ny nhm lm cho ng c c kh nng hot ng trn cc ch ca cam khc nhau, bng cch iu chnh li trong vic thit k. Mt ch c thit k m van ti tc ng c thp, c quy nh bi mt phng php c li khi cn s tiu hao nhin liu thp v pht ra cng sut nh. ch nng cao, ch thi gian hot ng di, v hot ng sut khi tc cao nhm gia tng cng sut u ra. Vo nm 1992 hng BMW gii thiu h thng VANOS (Variable Nockenwellen Steuerung). N cng tng t nh h thng NVCS ca Nissan, n c th cung cp s thay i v thi gian cho trc cam np theo tng bc hoc theo tng giai on. H thng VANOS ny c s khc bit l n c th cung cp thm mt bc cho c ba giai on.

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Hnh 2.10 : C cu ca hng BMW. Sau vo nm 1998, h thng Double VANOS c gii thiu, n c th iu khin s tng mc t chy nhin liu mt cch to ln, tng cng sut, mmen xon v a ra mc khng ti tt hn,tit kim nhin liu hn. H thng Double VANOS ny l h thng u tin iu khin bng in t, iu khin s hot ng lin tc ca c van np v van x

Hnh 2.11 : C cu Double VANOS ca hng BMW.

N Nm 2001, hng BMW gii thiu h thng Valvetronic,y l h thng duy nht c th lm thay i nng van np mt cch lin tc, cng thm thi gian cho c hai van np v x. H thng iu khin chnh xc ch nhiu hn n nhim v ca van np iu khin hon ton van np, ch n s cn thit ca van tit lu v gim s tn tht ln ca bm.
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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Khi tnh ton gim c tn tht ca bm, c th tng cng sut u ra thm 10% v tit kim nhin liu. Hng Ford tr thnh nh sn xut u tin s dng h thng thay i thi im phi kh trn xe ti pick-up, vi loi xe c bn chy l model F-series vo nm 2004. ng c c s dng l ng c 5.4L 3 valve Triton. Vo nm 2005 hng General Motor a ra h thng Variable Valve Timing cho ng c I-head V6, gm c LZE v LZ4.

I 2.2.2. Cu to :

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Trn mi chic xe Toyota, chng ta lun thy c dng ch VVT-i nm v tr hai bn ca xe. Dng ch vit tt ny c ngha l g ? Chng ta cng tm hiu VVT-i. VVT-i l ch vit tt ca t Variable Valve Timing with intelligence - mt h thng thit k phun xng ca hng Toyota theo nguyn l in thy lc. C cu ny ti u ha gc phi kh ca trc cam np da trn ch lm vic ca ng c phi hp vi cc thng s iu khin ch ng. Hiu sut lm vic ca ng c ph thuc rt nhiu vo hot ng cung cp nhin liu. H thng iu khin h thng van np bin thin VVT-i c thit k vi mc ch nng cao m men xon ca ng c, ct gim tiu th nhin liu v kh thi c. Cc b phn ca h thng gm: B x l trung tm ECU 32 bit, bm v ng dn du, b iu khin phi kh (VVT) vi cc van in, cc cm bin: VVT, v tr bm ga, lu lng kh np, v tr trc khuu, nhit nc. Ngoi ra, VVT-i thng c thit k ng b vi c cu bm ga in t ETCS-i, u phun nhin liu 12 l v b chia in bng in t cng cc bugi u iridium. Trong qu trnh hot ng, cc cm bin v tr trc khuu, v tr bm ga v lu lng kh np cung cp cc d liu chnh v ECU tnh ton thng s phi kh theo yu cu ch ng. Trn c s cc yu t ch ng, hiu chnh v thc t, ECU s tng hp c lnh phi kh ti u cho bung t. Nh vy, thay cho h thng cam kiu c vi m xu-pp khng i, VVT-i iu chnh v cp hot ng ca cc van np. m v thi im m bin thin theo s phi hp cc thng s v lu lng kh np, v tr bm ga, tc v nhit ng c. Ngoi ra, cn mt cm bin o nng oxy d t cm gp x cho bit t l % nhin liu c t. Thng tin t y c gi v ECU v cng c phi hp x l khi hiu chnh ch np ti u nhm tit kim xng v bo v mi trng.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hin nay, VVT-i c p dng rng ri trn cc mu xe hng trung ca Toyota, c bit vi thit k ng c 4 xi-lanh c va v nh **VVT-I Thng thng, thi im phi kh c c nh, nhng h thng VVT-i s dng p sut thy lc xoay trc cam np v lm thay i thi im phi kh. iu ny c th lm tng cng sut, ci thin tnh kinh t nhin liu v gim kh x nhim.Nh trong hnh minh ha, h thng ny c thit k iu khin thi im phi kh bng cch xoay trc cam trong mt phm vi so vi gc quay ca trc khuu t c thi im phi kh ti ucho cc iu kin hot ng ca ng c da trn tn hiu t cc cm bin. Thi im phi

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

kh c iu khin nh sau.

Hnh 2.12 :H thng VVT-i Khi nhit thp, khi tc thp ti nh, hay khi ti nh: Thi im phi kh ca trc cam np c lm tr li v trng lp xupp gim i gim kh x chy ngc li pha np. iu ny lm n nh ch khng ti v ci thin tnh kinh t nhin liu v tnh khi ng. Khi ti trung bnh, hay khi tc thp v trung bnh ti nng Thi im phi kh c lm sm ln v trng lp xupp tng ln tng
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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

EGR ni b v gim mt mt do bm. iu ny ci thin nhim kh x v tnh kinh t nhin liu. Ngoi ra, cng lc thi im ng xupp np cy sm ln gim hin tng quay ngc kh np li ng np v ci thin hiu qu np. Khi tc cao v ti nng Thi im phi kh c lm sm ln v trng lp xupp tng ln tng EGR ni b v gim mt mt do bm. iu ny ci thin nhim kh x v tnh kinh t nhin liu. Ngoi ra, cng lc thi im ng ng np v ci thin hiu qu np. Ngoi ra, iu khin phn hi c s dng gi thi im phi kh xupp np thc t ng thi im tnh ton bng cm bin v tr trc cam.

Hinh 2.13: Biu th hin thi im phi kh Cu to

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

B chp hnh ca h thng VVT-i bao gm b iu khin VVT-i dng xoay trc cam np, p sut du dng lm lc xoay cho b iu khin VVT-i, v

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

van iu khin du phi kh trc cam iu khin ng i ca du.

Hnh 2.14 : B iu khin VVT -I

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1. B iu khin VVT-i

Hnh 2.15 : B iu khin VVT-i B iu khin bao gm mt v c dn ng bi xch cam v cc cnh gt c c nh trn trc cam np. p sut du gi t pha lm sm hay lm mun trc cam np s xoay cc cnh gt ca b iu khin VVT-i theo hng chu vi thay i lin tc thi im phi kh ca trc cam np. Khi ng c ngng, trc cam np chuyn ng n trng thi mun nht duy tr kh nng khi ng. Khi p sut du khng n b iu khin VVT-i ngay lp tc sau khi ng c khi ng, cht hm s hm cc c cu hot ng ca b iu khin VVT-i trnh ting g. Ngoi loi trn, cng c mt loi m pttng dc chuyn theo hng trc gia cc then xon ca bnh rng bn ngoi (tng ng vi v) v bnh rng trong (gn trc tip vo trc cam) lm xoay trc cam.

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2. Van iu khin du phi kh trc cam

Hnh 2.16 : Van iu khin phi kh trc cam VVT - i Van iu khin du phi kh trc cam hot ng theo s iu khin (T l hiu dng) t ECU ng c iu khin v tr ca van ng v phn phi p sut du cp n b iu khin VVT-i pha lm sm hay lm mun. Khi ng c ngng hot ng, thi im phi kh xupp np c gi gc mun ti a. Hot ng Van iu khin du phi kh trc cam chon ng du n b iu khin VVT-i tng ng vi ln dng in t ECU ng c. B iu khin VVT-i quay trc cam np tng ng vi v tr ni m t p sut du vo, lm sm, lm mun hoc duy tr thi im phi kh. ECU ng c tnh ton thi im ng m xupp ti u di cc iu kin hot ng khc nhau theo tc ng c, lu lng kh np, v tr bm ga v nhit nc lm mt iu khin van iu khin du phi kh trc cam. Hn na, ECU dng cc tn hiu t cm bin v tr trc cam v cm bin v tr trc khuu tnh ton thi im phi kh thc t v thc hin
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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

iu khin phn hi t c thi im phi kh chun.H thng VVT-i l thit k phun xng ca hng Toyota theo nguyn l in - thy lc. Thng thng, thi im phi kh c c nh, nhng h thng VVT-i s dng p sut thy lc xoay trc cam np v lm thay i thi im phi kh. iu ny c th lm tng cng sut, ci thin tnh kinh t nhin liu v gim kh x nhim.Nh trong hnh minh ha, h thng ny c thit k iu khin thi im phi kh bng cch xoay trc cam trong mt phm vi 400 so vi gc quay ca trc khuu t c thi im phi kh ti u cho cc iu kin hot ng ca ng c da trn tn hiu t cc cm bin. 2.2.3. Nguyn l hot ng:
1. Lm sm thi im phi kh

Khi van iu khin du phi kh trc cam c t v tr nh trn hnh v bng ECU ng c, p sut du tc ng ln khoang cnh gt pha lm sm thi im phi kh quay trc cam np v chiu lm sm thi im phi kh.

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Hnh 2.17 :Van iu phi du v tr pha lm sm . 2. Lm mun thi im phi kh

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Khi ECU t van iu khin thi im phi kh trc cam v tr nh ch ra trong hnh v, p sut du tc dng ln khoang cnh gt pha lm mun thi im phi kh lm quay trc cam np theo chiu quay lm mun thi im phi kh.

Hnh 2.19 :Van iu phi du v tr pha lm mun

3. Gi ECU ng c tnh ton gc phi kh chun theo tnh trng vn hnh. Sau khi t thi im phi kh chun, van iu khin du phi kh trc cam duy tr ng du ng nh c ch ra trn hnh v, gi thi im phi kh hin ti.

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Hnh 2.20 :Van iu phi du v tr n nh . 2.2.4 Trc cam v h thng phi kh thng minh (VVT-i)

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Nu bn tm hiu v ng c, hn cc bn bit v cc xu pp iu khin vic a hn hp khng kh/nhin liu vo ng c v thot ra ngoi qua h thng x. Trc cam s dng cc vu cam t ln cc xu pp m chng ra khi trc cam quay, cc l xo trn xu pp c nhim v y chng tr v v tr c ng li. y l mt nhim v quyt nh v c th to ra nh hng rt ln n hiu sut ca ng c tc khc nhau.

Trc cam

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Trong bi vit ny, CarOline cp n s nh hng ca trc cam n hiu sut ca ng c. Thng qua mt s hnh nh ng trong bi cc bn s thy s khc nhau ca cc ng c vi mt trc cam t trn (SOHC) v ng c c hai trc cam t trn (DOHC). Bn cnh chng ti cng hng dn cc bn cch iu chnh trc cam ca ng c mt cch ht sc ngn gn ng c hot ng hiu qu hn nhng tc khc nhau. Khi nim c bn v trc cam. B phn chnh ca mt trc cam l cc vu cam. Khi trc cam quay trn, cc vu cam s iu khin ng m cc cc xu pp np v x thi im ph hp vi s di chuyn ca piston. Hnh dng ca cc vu cam c lin quan trc tip n cch thc ng c lm vic cc di tc khc nhau. hiu r iu ny bn hy tng tng rng ng c ca chng ta ang chy v cng chm ch khong t 10 n 20 vng/pht (RPM) bi vy s mt khong vi giy piston hon thnh mt chu k chuyn ng. Nhng trn thc t th mt ng c bnh thng khng th chy chm nh vy c. tc thp ny, chng ta c th hiu cc vu cam thc hin chu trnh nh sau: Ch khi piston bt u chuyn ng i xung trong hnh trnh np (t im cht trn, TDC), xu pp np mi bt u m ra. Xu pp np s ng li ngay khi piston n im di cng. Xu pp x s m ra ngay khi piston n im di cng (gi l im cht di, BDC) cui qu trnh chy v s ng li khi piston hon thnh qu trnh x kh. Vi th t lm vic nh vy s rt tt cho ng c chng no n cn chuyn ng tc thp nh vy. Nhng iu g s xy ra nu tc vng quay tng ln. Chng ta hy xem.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Khi tng s vng quay ng c ln khong 4000 vng/pht, cc xu pp s phi m v ng 2000 ln mi pht hoc 33 ln mi giy. tc ny, piston di chuyn cc nhanh. Bi vy hn hp khng kh/nhin liu cng lu thng trong xilanh vi tc rt nhanh. Khi xu pp np m ra v piston bt u hnh trnh np, hn hp nhin liu/khng kh bt u gia tng trong xilanh. ng lc piston n im cui ca hnh trnh np, ha kh chuyn ng vo xilanh vi tc kh nhanh. Nu van np bt ng ng li, ton b lng ha kh s ngng di chuyn v khng i vo xilanh na. Bng cch cho xu pp np ng li mun hn mt cht, di chuyn nhanh ca ha kh vn cn duy tr s y ha kh thm vo trong xilanh n khi piston bt u hnh trnh nn. Bi vy ng c chy cng nhanh, hn hp nhin liu/khng kh cng di chuyn cng nhanh v bi vy chng ta cng phi cho xu pp m cng lu hn. Chng ta cng phi cho xu pp np m rng hn tc cao, thng s ny c gi l khong i ca xu pp, n b chi phi bi dng hnh hc ca vu cam. Hnh nh ng di y cho thy s khc nhau ra sao v cch iu chnh thi im ng m xu pp i vi cam thng thng v cam c s iu chnh. Ch k x (ng cong mu ) v k np (ng cong mu xanh) c s trng khp nhiu hn khi iu chnh trc cam. Bi vy trong trng hp ny, ng c xe c xu hng n to v u hn trng thi khng ti. S khc nhau k np v k x khi iu chnh trc cam C mt vi kiu trc cam khc nhau c lp trn ng c. y chng ta cp n mt vi kiu trc cam ph bin m bn tng nghe ni:
o o o

Loi c mt trc cam t trn (SOHC) Loi c hai trc cam t trn (DOHC) Loi trc cam c a y
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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Phn tip theo, chng ti s cp n tng loi trc cam ny. Cc loi trc cam trong ng c ng c vi mt trc cam t trn Loi trc cam ny ch c mt cam duy nht c lp np xilanh. Bi vy, nu ng c c 4 xilanh hoc 6 xilanh thng hng th n s dng chung mt cam duy nht; nu l ng c vi 6 hoc 8 xilanh xp ch V th s c 2 trc cam lp trn np mi dy xilanh.

Trc cam y c m t ln ui cc xu pp v m chng ra. Cc l xo c tc dng y cc xu pp tr v v tr ng. Cc l xo ny rt khe bi tc ng c cao, cc xu pp c y xung rt nhanh v chng phi gi cho cc xu pp lun t st vo cc c m. Nu cc l xo khng khe th cc xu pp c th khng tip xc vi cc c m v pht ra ting lch cch. y l tnh trng xu v d khin cho cc xu pp v c m chng mn.

ng c c mt cam hay hai cam t trn u c dn ng bi trc khuu, dy curoa hoc xch (gi l dy curoa cam v xch truyn ng trc cam). Cc curoa cam hay xch cam u cn phi c thay th hay iu chnh thng xuyn nh k. Nu dy curoa cam b t, trc cam s khng lm vic v piston s va vo cc xu pp, lm hng b mt piston. H hng khi piston va chm vi xu pp ng c c hai trc cam t trn. Loi ny c hai trc cam t trn np xilanh. Bi vy, ng c c xilanh t thng hng c hai trc cam trn v ng c c xilanh t ch V c bn trc cam t trn. Thng thng ng c c hai cam t trn thng c 4 xu pp hoc nhiu hn mi xilanh.
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ng c vi xilanh t ch V L do chnh s dng loi hai trc cam t trn bi n cho php b tr c nhiu xu pp np v x hn mi xilanh. S xu pp nhiu hn ngha l ha kh c np vo nhiu hn bi cc ca lu thng s ln hn. iu ny gip tng ng k cng sut ca ng c.

Cui

cng

chng

ta

cp

loi

cam

y.

Trc cam c a y.

Ging nh ng c SOHC v DOHC, cc xu pp cng c lp trn nh xilanh nhng s khc nhau chnh y l trc cam ng c ny li nm bn trong block ng c m khng nm trn np cc xilanh.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Cc a y ca ng c Trc cam tc ng lc y ln cc trc di t thng qua block ng c vo np xilanh lm dch chuyn cc c m. Cc a y di ny lm tng khi lng v th tch ca h thng ng c, ng thi cng tng lc y ln cc l xo xu pp. Cc trc cam trong ng c s dng a y thng c dn ng bng cc bnh rng hoc xch. Cc trc cam dng bnh rng dn ng thng t hng hn so vi dn ng bng xch v thng c dng trong ng c vi trc cam t np my. Mt iu c bit quan trng trong vic thit k trc cam cho h thng l c th thay i thi im ng m cc xu pp (hay cn gi l iu khin thi im phi kh). Chng ta s cp n vn ny trong k ti. 2.3 Cng ngh VVTL-i ca Toyota. 2.3.1 Cu to H thng VVTL-i da trn h thng VVT-i v p dng mt c cu chuyn i vu cam thay i hnh trnh ca xupp np v x. iu ny cho php t

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c cng sut cao m khng nh hng n tnh kinh t ca nhin liu hay nhim kh x.

Hnh 2.21 : H thng VVTL-i Cu to v hot ng ca h thng VVTL-i v c bn ging nh h thng VVTi. Vic chuyn i gia hai vu cam c bin dng khc nhau dn n lm thay i hnh trnh
49

ca

xupp.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Trong c cu chuyn vu cam, ECU ng c iu khin chuyn i gia 2 vu cam nh van iu khin du VVTL da trn cc tn hiu t cm bin nhit nc lm mt v cm bin v tr trc khuu. Cc b phn cu thnh h thng VVTL-i gn ging nh nhng b phn ca h thng VVT-i. l van iu khin du cho VVTL, cc trc cam v c m. Van iu khin du cho VVTL iu khin p sut du cp n pha cam tc cao ca c cu chuyn vu cam bng thao tc iu khin v tr van ng do ECU ng c thc hin. Trc cam v c m thay i hnh trnh xupp, ngi ta ch to trn trc cam 2 loi vu cam, mt loi vu cam ng vi tc thp v vu cam tc cao cho mi xilanh.

Hnh 2.22 : Trc cam ca h thng VVTL. C cu chuyn vu cam c lp bn trong c m gia xupp v vu cam. p sut du t van iu khin du ca VVTL n l du trong c m v p sut ny y cht hm bn di cht m. N c nh cht m v n khp cam tc cao. Khi p sut du ngng tc dng, cht hm c tr v bng lc ca l xo v
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cht m c t do. iu ny lm cho cht m c th di chuyn t do theo hng thng ng v v hiu ha vu cam tc cao.

Trc cam np v x c cc vu cam vi 2 hnh trnh khc nhau cho tng xylanh, v ECU ng c chuyn nhng vu cam ny thnh vu cam hot ng bng p sut du. 2.3.2 Nguyn l hot ng Tc thp v trung bnh (tc ng c: di 6000 vng/pht)

Hnh 2.23 : Van iu khin du VVTL, van iu khin du m pha x. Nh trong hnh minh ha trn, van iu khin du m pha x. Do , p sut du khng tc dng ln c cu chuyn vu cam.

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p sut du khng tc dng ln cht chn. Do , cht chn b y bng l xo hi theo hng nh kha. Nh vy, cht m s lp li chuyn ng tnh tin v hiu ha. N s dn ng xupp bng cam tc thp v trung bnh. Tc cao (Tc ng c: trn 6000 vng/pht, nhit nc lm mt: cao hn 6000C).

Hnh 2.24 : Van iu khin du VVTL, van iu khin du ng pha x. Nh trong hnh v bn trn, pha x ca van iu khin du c ng li sao cho p sut du tc dng ln pha cam tc cao ca c cu chuyn vu cam. Lc ny bn trong c m, p sut du y cht chn n di cht m gi cht m v c m. Do , cam tc cao n xung c m trc khi cam tc thp v trung bnh tip xc vi con ln. N dn ng cc xupp bng cam

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

tc cao. ECU ng c ng thi pht hin rng vu cam c chuyn sang vu cam tc cao da trn tn hiu t cng tc p sut du.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

2.4 Cu to v hot ng ca h thng VTEC (Variable valve Timing and lift Electronic Control ) Cng ngh VTEC ca Honda 2.4.1 Cu to

Hnh 2.26 : ng c tch hp i-VTEC ca Honda Civic. H thng VTEC nhm ci thin hiu sut ng c tc thp v cao bng cch b tr hai loi vu cam mi xilanh, vu cam tc thp v vu cam tc cao. Ty theo iu kin lm vic c th ca ng c m s dng loi vu cam ph hp.

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Hnh 2.27 : Cu to I-VTEC di tc thp, thi gian m xupp c ti u ha nhm t c mmen xon cn thit xe c th di chuyn tt nht vng tua thp, ng thi tit kim nhin liu.

di tc cao, m xupp v thi gian m xupp c tng ln, khng kh c np vo nhiu hn. H thng cung cp cho xe kh nng di chuyn tt tc thp v tng hiu sut ng c khi tc xe tng ln.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Qua nhiu nm pht trin, cc ng c ca Honda s dng qua nm loi h thng VTEC khc nhau gm: (1) VTEC c mt trc cam t trn gi l SOHC; (2) VTEC-E tit kim nhin liu; (3) VTEC c hai trc cam t trn DOHC; (4) VTEC c xilanh khng ti v (5) cng ngh i-VTEC thng minh. Kt cu ca 5 modun trn khc nhau nhng ni chung chng ging nhau v mt nguyn l v tt c u s dng loi trc cam c vu kp, mt vu dng khi tc thp v mt vu dng tc cao. di tc thp, cc xupp m t v thi gian m ngn li do tc ca vu cam gim.

H thng VTEC ca Honda l mt trong nhng cng ngh tin tin nhm ti u ha hiu qu ca ng c. c k s thit k ng c ca Honda, Kenichis Nagahiro sng to

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a./.Cu to h thng:

Hnh 2.28 :Cu to ca h thng VTEC. 1 : Trc cam ; 2 : Tm nh v ; 3 :c m th cp ; 4 :C m th hai ; 5 : Piston ng b ; 6 :Piston tc ng ; 7 :Xupap ht. ng c b tr 4supap cho mi xylanh, bao gm 2 supap np v 2 xupap thi. iu khc bit ca kiu ny so vi kiu SOHC VTEC l ch b tr hai vu cam np c bin m khc nhau, mt cam c bin m ln v mt cam c bin m nh. Cc piston lp at bn trong c m s y piston ng b di chuyn cng hng p piston chn v l xo hon lc li to s lin kt hai c m li vi nhau. Khi mt p lc du, di s hon lc ca l xo thng qua piston chn s c piston ng b tr v lm tch 2 c m m ring r.
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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

2.4.2 Nguyn l hot dng :

Hnh 2.29 : Qu trnh hot ng. tc thp, hai c m c tch ri, v th supap ht th nht iu khin s phn phi chnh trong khi supap hut th hai ch h m ngn chn nhin liu tch lu ca np. tc cao, hai c m c lin kt thnh mt khi nh vo piston ng b. V vy tc ny c hai supap u chu s tc ng ca vu cam c bin m ln nht. b.Qu trnh hot ng: K thut thay i thi gian phn phi kh v mc nng supap c s dng cho ng c nhm mc ch tiu th nhin liu thp nht nhng cng sut pht ra van cao. Vi h thng ny, c im ni bt l vi mt t l ho kh tit kim nhng vn to ra mt momen ln tc thp, ng thi tc cao cng sut pht ra ln tng ng nh ng c bn supap tiu chun t c.

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HnH 2.30 : Hot ng ca h thng VTEC.

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tc thp: C m th nht v c m th hai c tch ri, do vu cam A v B iu khin ring bit hai supap, kh nng nng ca c m th hai rt nh h m supap(mt supap iu khin s phn phi kh chnh).

Hnh 2.31: Cu to ca c cu phn phi kh tc thp. 1:Piston tc ng , 2: Piston ng b , 3: Piston chn , 4:C m th nht ,5: C m th hai , 6: Cam th nht , 7: Cam th hai.

tc

cao:

di tc cao, PCM/ECM kch hot VTEC hot ng, cc piston

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ni di tc ng ca du thy lc s di chuyn ni cc c m tc thp v tc cao vi nhau thnh mi khi. Lc ny, cc xu pp m ra nhiu hn v thi gian m tng ln. Khng kh c np vo nhiu hn, cng sut ng c tng ln nhanh chng.

Piston tc ng c b tr bean trong c m th nht, n c tc ng b p lc du di chuyn theo hng mi tn nh hnh (4). C hai c m th 1 v th 2 c lin kt li bng piston ng b. tc ny, bin m ca supap th hai ging nh bin o m ca supap th nht nhm p ng cho s hot ng tc cao ging nh ng c 4 supap thng thng (2 supap iu khin phn phi kh).

Hnh 2.32 : Cu to ca c cu phn phi kh tc cao. 1: p lc du n, 2: Cam th nht.

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c./.ng c DOHC:

Hnh 2.32 : Thi im xupap bin i v h thng nng xupap trn ngc DOHC. 1.Trc cam , 2.Vu cam cho tc thp v/p, 3. Vu cam cho tc cao v/p, 4. C m s cp, 5. C m trung gian, 6. C m th cp, 7. Piston thu lc A, 8. Piston thu lc B, 9. Cht chn , 10. L xo lam mat s
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chuyn ng ,11. Xupap thi, 12. Xupap np. Hnh 6 cho thy h thng nng v thi im xupap bin i c iu khin bng in t. N c th thay i c hai thi im v s nng xupap. iu ny s cho ng c chy cm chng m du ca mt ng c xe ca ch khch v hiu sut tc cao ca mt ng c xe ua. ng c DOHC bn xupap dng trc cc c m truyn s chuyn ng vu cam n cc thn xupap. Trc cam c 3 vu cam cho mi cp xupap np v xupap thi, c m th 3 l co m trung gian ( hnh 6). N gia mi cp xupap, mi c m c gn mt piston thu lc. S hot ng ca piston n khp hay khng n khp vi c m ny. S khc nhau s thc hin xy ra bi v mi vu cam th khc nhau, vu cam gia th cho tc cao v/p. Cc vu cam th cp v s cp th cho tc thp. Cc cm bin ng c gi tn hiu tc ng c, ti ng c, tc xe, v nhit nc lm mt n ECM. Ti mt thi im trn cng tc nh trc , ECM s gi tn hiu in th ti cun solenoid. Khi cun dy solenoid m v ng , p lc du on g c c gi n cc piston trong cc c m c la chn. Khi cc c m n khp hay khng n khp. iu ny lm thay i m cc vu cam ang hot ng cc xupap. S thay i t s nng thp ca cc vu gn ngoi n s nng cao hn v s cm ng ca vau gia s tip nhn khong 0,1 giy. H thng khng n khp ti tc thp hay khi ng c khng ti. H thng iu khin: H thng iu khin cho c cu ny c trnh by bn di. Cc cm bin lin tc nhn s thay i bn trong ng c nh : ti, nhit nc, s vng quay ng c v tc xe. Nhng tn hiu ny s c chuyn n ECU ECU iu khin chnh xc p lc du n cc piston thu lc. * Cc iu kin chuyn i: S vng quay ng c : 2500 v/p. Nhit nc : 530C
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Tc xe : 5 Km/h. Ti ng c : Da vo p thp ng ng np

Hnh 2.32 : S H thng iu khin c cu phn phi kh bng in t d./.u im ca h thng: Tnh u vit loi ng c ny l cng sut ng c cao ng thi vi vic tit kim nhin liu. C cu phn phi kh ca ng c ny gn ging nh kiu phn phi kh ca ng c bn xupap thng thng, nhng n c ci tin s phn phi tt hn. tc thp, lng ho kh np vo trong xylanh c tit kim do ch m moat trong hai supap, nhng tc trung bnh v cao, cng sut pht ra ln do m ng thi c hai supap ht. Kiu ng c VTEC E c kt hp t hai loai ng c hai supap v bn supap ch to thnh loi ng c mang u im ca hai loi ny. Ngun oto-hui.com

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

2.5 Tm hiu cng ngh MIVEC trn xe Misubishi : 2.5.1 Cu to :

Mivec ca hng Mitsubishi.

MIVEC (Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing Electronic Control system) l tn vit tt ca cng ngh ng c vi xupp np bin thin c pht trin bi hng Mitsubishi. Cng tng t nh cc h thng vi xupp np bin thin c cp k trc, h thng ny cng c kh nng thay i hnh trnh hoc thi gian ng m cc xupp bng cch s dng hai loi vu cam khc nhau. di tc thp, vu cam nh dn ng cc xupp, ng c hot ng trng thi khng ti n nh, lng kh thi gim v mmen xon tng ln tc thp. Khi vu cam ln c kch hot, tc tng ln, cc xupp c m rng hn v thi gian m xupp tng ln. Bi vy lm tng lng kh np trong bung chy, cng sut v mmen xon tng, di tc ng c c m rng.

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ng c 4G92 u tin ca Mitsubishi s dng cng ngh MIVECMIVEC c Mitsubishi gii thiu ln u tin vo nm 1992 trn ng c 4G92, dung tch 1597 cc, DOHC khng tng p, 4 xilanh thng hng, mi xilanh gm hai xupp np v hai xupp x. Th h cng ngh ny ra i vi tn gi Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing and lift Electronic Control. Chic xe u tin s dng cng ngh ny l chic hatchback Mitsubishi Mirage v chic sedan Mitsubishi Lancer. Trong khi mt ng c 4G92 thng thng sinh ra cng sut 145 m lc tc 7000 vng/pht th mt ng c c trang b cng ngh MIVEC c th sinh ra ti 175 m lc vng tua 7500 vng/pht. Mt s cc ci tin v cng ngh khc cng c ng dng khi cng ngh ny c p dng rng ri vo nm 1994 trn xe Mitsubishi FTO. Mc d vy cc thit k mi nhm nng cao hiu sut vn phi m bo tnh tit kim nhin liu v gim nhim kh thi dng xe Mitsubishi.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hnh 2.35 : Chic Mitsubishi Grandis s dng cng ngh MIVEC

Vo nm 1993, hng Mitsubishi bt u a vo sn xut loi ng c c ng dng cng ngh MIVEC (Mitsubishi innovative Valve timing Electronic Control System). Vo thi im , MIVEC ng u trong hng ng nhng cng ngh gip tit kim nhin liu vi mc tiu th nhin liu vo khong 16 km cho 1 lt xng khi i trong thnh ph.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

y l mt trong nhng cng ngh u tin trong cc gii php nhm nng cao cng sut v bo v mi trng bng cch tc ng vo h thng np nhin liu, v cng ngh ny hin nay vn c ng dng. Trn th trng t Vit Nam hin nay, hng Mitsubishi ng dng cng ngh MIVEC trn xe GRANDIS. Trong cng ngh MIVEC s dng cc bin dng cam khc nhau m xupap np theo hai ch ng c: tc thp v tc cao, n s nng cao hn cng sut ln nht v v tng m men xon trong trong cc ch lm vic ca ng c. Khi ng c s vng quay thp MIVEC s chn bin dng cam nh v cung cp hn hp chy n nh, t kh x. Khi bm ga c m rng, tc ng c tng ln, MIVEC s cho php tng thi gian v hnh trnh m ca xupap np, v vy n s cung cp cho ng c cng sut v mmen ln hn hn so vi cc ng c khng c dng cng ngh ny.

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

im c bit ca cng ngh MIVEC l vic b tr trn trc cam vi 3 bin dng cam c kch thc khc nhau. Bin dng cam ln nht t gia v hai bin dng cam nh v trung bnh t hai bn (nh hnh 2), mc d c 3 bin dng cam nh vy nhng ch to ra 2 ch ng c: Ch tc thp, s dng bin dng cam nh, trung bnh v ch tc cao s dng bin dng cam to. ch tc thp, cc xupap np c dn ng bi hai bin dng cam nh v trung bnh v s c iu khin c lp bi hai c m ring bit, cn bin dng cam to ny c dn ng trc tip cn ch T, cn ny s iu khin c thi gian v khong m ca c hai xupap np khi ng c chy ch tc cao. Khi ng c chy ch tc thp, cn ch T vn kt ni vi bin dng cam to, nhng lc ny ch chuyn ng t do v khng tip xc vi c m ca xupap np. Khi vu cam nh v trung bnh c dn ng t trc cam s iu khin khong nng v thi im m thch hp cho xupap np. Bn trong c m c cc piston c nn li nh cc l xo, khi cn T ch chuyn ng t do v khng iu khin cc c m. Ngoi ra, vic s dng hai bin dng cam khc nhau m xupap np khi ch tc thp gip to ra s xoy lc cho dng kh np i vo bn trong xilanh,lm qu trnh chy n nh v gim lng kh thi. Khi ng c ch tc cao: MIVEC s iu khin m van du lm tng p sut du ti piston, khin cho piston c nng ln v tip xc vi cn ch T, khi bin dng cam ln thng qua cn ch T tc ng vo c hai c m v iu khin ng m xupap np. Nh bin dng cam ln hn nn s tng thi gian v m ca xupap np, v vy s lm tng c cng sut v m men ca ng c. ng c 4G69 ca hng Mitsubishi (lp trn xe Grandis), khi tc ng c t khong 3600 vng/pht th h thng MIVEC s iu khin m van du ng c hot ng ch tc cao, v khi tc ng c gim xung di 3600 vng/pht van du s ng li v ng c li hot ng ch tc thp.
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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hin nay hng Mitsubishi ng dng cng ngh MIVEC trn xe Grandis 2.4 v trn xe Colt vi ng c 1.3L v 1.5L. Vi vic ng dng cng ngh ny s gip gim c ng k chi ph nhin liu v gim thiu nhim mi trng. y l mt trong nhng cng ngh u tin trong cc gii php nhm nng cao cng sut v bo v mi trng bng cch tc ng vo h thng np nhin liu, v cng ngh ny hin nay vn c ng dng. Trn th trng t Vit Nam hin nay, hng Mitsubishi ng dng cng ngh MIVEC trn xe GRANDIS.

Trong cng ngh MIVEC s dng cc bin dng cam khc nhau m xupap np theo hai ch ng c: tc thp v tc cao, n s nng cao hn cng sut ln nht v v tng m men xon trong trong cc ch lm vic ca ng
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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

c. Khi ng c s vng quay thp MIVEC s chn bin dng cam nh v cung cp hn hp chy n nh, t kh x. Khi bm ga c m rng, tc ng c tng ln, MIVEC s cho php tng thi gian v hnh trnh m ca xupap np, v vy n s cung cp cho ng c cng sut v mmen ln hn hn so vi cc ng c khng c dng cng ngh ny.

Hnh 2.37 : Cng sut v m men ca ng c t c khi s dng MIVEC 2 ch

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im c bit ca cng ngh MIVEC l vic b tr trn trc cam vi 3 bin dng cam c kch thc khc nhau. Bin dng cam ln nht t gia v hai bin dng cam nh v trung bnh t hai bn (nh hnh 2), mc d c 3 bin dng cam nh vy nhng ch to ra 2 ch ng c: Ch tc thp, s dng bin dng cam nh, trung bnh v ch tc cao s dng bin dng cam to. ch tc thp, cc xupap np c dn ng bi hai bin dng cam nh v trung bnh v s c iu khin c lp bi hai c m ring bit, cn bin dng cam to ny c dn ng trc tip cn ch T, cn ny s iu khin c thi gian v khong m ca c hai xupap np khi ng c chy ch tc cao.

Hnh 2.38 : B tr dn ng xupap np

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

2.5.2 Nguyn l hot ng : Khi ng c chy ch tc thp, cn ch T vn kt ni vi bin dng cam to, nhng lc ny ch chuyn ng t do v khng tip xc vi c m ca xupap np. Khi vu cam nh v trung bnh c dn ng t trc cam s iu khin khong nng v thi im m thch hp cho xupap np. Bn trong c m c cc piston c nn li nh cc l xo, khi cn T ch chuyn ng t do v khng iu khin cc c m. Ngoi ra, vic s dng hai bin dng cam khc nhau m xupap np khi ch tc thp gip to ra s xoy lc cho dng kh np i vo bn trong xilanh,lm qu trnh chy n nh v gim lng kh thi.

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Hinh 2.39 : Cu trc ca h thng MIVEC Khi ng c ch tc cao: MIVEC s iu khin m van du lm tng p sut du ti piston, khin cho piston c nng ln v tip xc vi cn ch T, khi bin dng cam ln thng qua cn ch T tc ng vo c hai c m v iu khin ng m xupap np. Nh bin dng cam ln hn nn s tng thi gian v m ca xupap np, v vy s lm tng c cng sut v m men ca ng c. H thng MIVEC iu khin bn ch vn hnh ti u ca ng c nh sau:

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Trong hu ht cc iu kin lm vic, m bo hiu sut nhin liu cao nht, thi gian ng xupp trng nhau tng ln gim tn tht bm. Thi im xupp x m c lm chm li tng t s nn, tng tnh kinh t ca nhin liu.
o

Khi cn cng sut cc i (tc v ti trng cao), thi im ng xupp np c lm chm li ng nht ha khng kh np vi th tch np l ln nht. di tc thp v ti nng, MIVEC m bo ti u mmen xon do thi im xupp np ng c lm sm hn m bo lng kh np. Cng lc , thi im xupp x m c lm chm li tng t s nn v ci thin hiu sut ng c. ch khng ti, thi im xupp x v np trng nhau c loi b n nh qu trnh chy.

ng c 4G69 ca hng Mitsubishi (lp trn xe Grandis), khi tc ng c t khong 3600 vng/pht th h thng MIVEC s iu khin m van du ng c hot ng ch tc cao, v khi tc ng c gim xung di 3600 vng/pht van du s ng li v ng c li hot ng ch tc thp. Hin nay hng Mitsubishi ng dng cng ngh MIVEC trn xe Grandis 2.4 v trn xe Colt vi ng c 1.3L v 1.5L. Vi vic ng dng cng ngh ny s gip gim c ng k chi ph nhin liu v gim thiu nhim mi trng. 2.6 C cu VARIO CAM PLUS ca hng PORSCHE : 2.6.1 Cu to : Nhng chic xe th thao mang nhn hiu PORSCHE lun ni ting trn th gii. ng c ca xe PORSCHE 911 su xilanh nm ngang tng p s dng h thng VARIO CAM PLUS. C cu ny cho php thay i chng nhng

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

gc lm vic ca xupap m c hnh trnh ca xupap theo ch ti ca ng c.

Hnh 2.40 Cu to h thng phn phi kh kiu VARIO CAM PLUS . 1: Xupap; 2: L xo xupap; 3: a chn; 4: L xo iu khin ui xupap; 5:ui xupap; 6: Bulng; 7: C cu iu khin; 8: a xch. 2.6.2 Nguyn l hot ng : C cu thay i gc lm vic ca xupap cng da tren nguyn l dch chuyn s n khp gia cc bnh rng. Khi bnh rng nghing pha trong di tc dng ca piston thy lc chuyn ng dc trc buc bnh rng nghing pha ngoi chuyn ng quay tng i mot gc lm cho trc cam c xu hn g m xupap sm hn. Trc cam c hai cam ln v mt cam nh c tc dng trc tip vo con i kp. Mi xupap ca c cu VARIO CAM PLUS dn ng bi mt con i kp gm hai con i lp lp ng tm v c th trt tng i vi nhau.

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

77

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Hnh 2.41 :Qu trnh hot ng ca c cu Vario Cam Plus. Con i tip xc vi cam hnh trnh nh c lp pha trong v con i tip xc vi cam hnh trnh ln lp pha ngoi. Khi cht thu lc c ng knh 11mm v tr tho ( dch chuyn sang tri ) tha cam c hnh trnh nh tc dng vo con i pha trong, lc ny hai con i c chuyn ng tng i v xupap lm vic vi hnh trnh nh. Khi cht v tr ci ( dch chuyn sang phi ) con oi nh v ln c ci cht v lc ny xupap lm vic vi hnh trnh ln. C cu dng trc cam thi im bin i e m cc xupap np sm ti tc cao (hnh 2). N c mt s ni mm gia a rng trc cam v trc cam. S ni bao gm piston thu lc c hot ng bi p lc du ng c v mt van iu khin du c hoat ng bi cun solenoid. Khi b phn ieu khin in t (ECM) chuyn tn hiu n cun solenoid ng van, p lc du p piston hng ti trc (hng v trc cam). Khi piston chuyn ng, bnh rng trong ca piston trt ln trn ng rng ca bnh rng xon. iu ny lm dch chuyn du trc cam v lam tng thi im trc cam khong 100, cc xupap np m sm hn. Cch khc thay i thi im l thay v dng mt trc cam, cc cun solenoid in m cc xupap. Mi solenoid c t piston ca n t vo u ca xupap. Cc cm bin gi thng tin tc ti v cc bin i khc ca ng c n ECM ng c. Khi n quyt nh khi no v thi im bao lu
GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI 78 SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

m xupap. Ti mt thi im chnh xc, ECM gi mt tn hiu in n cun solenoid. iu ny tip thm nng lng cho cun solenoid v vy piston ca n ko di ra v m xupap. Ti cc tc ng c cao hn, ECM m cc xupap sm hn v c th gi chng m lu hn. 2.7 C cu EMVT : IU KHIN XUPPAP BNG IN

Hnh 2.42 : C cu phn phi kh EMVT C cu phn phi kh EMVT l c cu iu khin xupap bng din . N khng ging cc c cu iu khin khc , vic thay i hnh trnh xupap v pha phi kh hon ton bng in thong qua ECU .C ny khng s dng bm tit lu ( bm ga) thay di lng hn hp trong xylanh . h thng ny ngi ta khng cn trc cam , con i , n gnh , v c cu truyn ng t trc khuu n trc cam .

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

79

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Vic ng m xupap nh lc l xo v t trng nam chm in .Nh vy thi gian ng m ph thuc vo chng trnh nh sn v lc dng m ph thuc vo khi lng chuyn ng ca xupap . C cu c hai t trng nhm m bo s ng m ca xupap c hong chnh . ng dng EMVT vo ng c phi gii quyt hang lot nhim v nh: Tnh nng ca b ECU ph c phm vi hot ng rng , h thng cng cp in nng cho c cu phi kh EMVT c cng sut 1.7-2KW , cn thit k c cu Valve Control Unit thch hp 2.8 C cu EVHS : in _ thy lc

H thng phi kh EVHS s dng nguyn l iu khin in thu lc c hng Daim Benz s dng trn cc xe th h mi ca hng ny . N cho php thay i hnh trnh v pha phi kh ca xupap theo ch ti ca ng c ,
GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI 80 SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

u im ni bt ca h thng l chuyn ng ca xupap c thc hin bi van t trng v p sut theo mt chng trnh c tnh ton sn v c iu khin bi ECU CHNG III : CC H HNG , PHNG PHP KIM TRA V SA CHA C CU PHN PHI KH 3.1 H hong cua c cu phi khi thng do 2 nguyn nhn : Xu pap ong khng kin v Xu pap lam vic co ting go

Cc h hng ca cc b phn thay i hnh trnh xupap:

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

81

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

1. Xu pap ong khng kin: Trong khi lam vic xu pap ong khng kin va bi ro hi la do ra xu pap khng tt, khe h xu pap qua nho, lo xo xu pap qua yu hoc bi gay v.v Nu khe h xu pap qua nho thi c cu phi khi lam vic chiu nhit cao bi gian n, u on ganh se lun i vao thn xu pap lam cho xu pap ong khng kin va bi ro hi. 2. Xu pap lam vic co ting go: Khe h xu pap qua ln: khi chay vi tc thp thi np y xu pap co ting ku lach tach ro rang, lin tuc. Nu lo xo bi gay thi khi lam vic se phat ra ting go nhe. Trng hp khe h gia thn xu pap va ng dn qua ln ta co th nghe thy ting go nhe vi m iu trung binh. Con i bi ket trong ng dn lam cho xu pap i xung khng c linh hoat, khi ri xung se va p vao truc cam khi may chay vi tc thp hoc trung binh se phat ra ting go yu nhng rt ro. 3.2 Cc h hng ca cc b phn tay di hnh trnh xupap

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

82

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

L xo hi v : l xo yu nh hng n s lm vic ca ng c khi tc cao , xupap phi ng m nhanh d bi gy hoc yu l xo .m khng lc hi v la v tr ban u . Nguyn nhn : do lm vic trong iu kin tc cao , lm vic thi giang di dn ra h hng trn. Trc cam : Trc cam nt ngm, b cng , gy do lm vic lau di trong iu kin nhit cao , khng m bo dng dinh k , du bi trn bn lm nght hoc l khng c bi trn du trong qu trnh lam vic. Cc trt: cc trc c th b cc vt co, xc trong mt hot l ngoi cc trc . do v van b c cc vt co xc , c vt mm ca kim loi l so b gim ng hi . Nguyn nhn: do trong lc lm vic nhit cao , lm vic lin tc pittng chuyn ng len xung nhiu ln lm mn v ma xc vi than cc trt lm cc mc kim loi b vng ra ho vi du lm cho s boi trn khng c tt mm chuyn ng ln xung theo thng l xo v b lm cc trt mau mn co xc lo xo yu hn, van b co xc C m: t khi b h hng nhng c th b gi do lm vic lu di trong iu kin nht cao, chiu sc nn ln Cht hm : do chuyn ng trong c m nn xy ra hin tng ma sc lm mn chi tit gy ra sai gc lch phun sm Cc cm bin : ngoi ra cc h hng ca cng tt p xut du v cc cm bin v van iu khin du nh b tt , ng dy ni t ECU, b li. gy nn hot ng km ca h thng v p sut du khng iu khin chuyn trc cam hot l vu cam sang ch khc hot gy nn iu kin sai hnh trnh ng m ca suppap Cm bin v tr bm ga: c lp trn c hng gi cm bin ny bin i gc m bm ga thnh in p, c truyn n ECU ng c nh tnh hiu m bm ga ( VTA). Ngoi ra mt s thit b truyn mt tnh hiu IDL ring bit . cc b phn khc xc nh n lc ti thi im chy khng tikhi in p VTA ny di gi tr chun. Cm bin v tr trc khuu ( b to tn hiu ti NE) : tn hiu NE c ECU ng c s dng pht hin gc ca trc khuu v tc ca ng c. ECU ca ng c dung tn hiu NE tn ton thi gian phun c bn v gc dnh la sm c bn . i vi tn hiu NE oc to ra bi khe khng kh gia cm bin trc khuu v cc rng trn chu vica roto tn hiu NE oc lp trn trc khuu. Cm bin nhit noc lm mt v cm bin nhit kh np : cm bin nhit noc lm mt oc gn cc nhit in tr bn trong , nhit tr cang thp , tr s in tr cng cao , ngoc li nhit cng cao, tr s in tr cng thp . v s thay i v gi tr in tr ca nhit in tr ny oc s dng cc thay i nhit noc lm mt v khng kh np . Cm bin lu lng kh np : l mt trong nhng cm bin quan trng nht n uc s dng trong EFI kiu L pht hin khi lng hoc th tch khng kh np . tn hiu ca khi lng hoc khng kh np oc dng tnh hthi
GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI 83 SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

lng kh np ch yu doc chia thnh hai loi Kiu cnh v kiu gian phun c bn v gc dnh la sm c bn .Cm bin gi xoay quan hc Karman . Hin nay hu ht cc loi xe sa dng cm bin lu lng kh np kiu dy v n o chnh xt hn , trng lng nh hn v bn cao hn. Cm bin tc : cm bin tc d oc gn hp s v oc dn ng bnh rng ch ng ca cng t mt .Cm bin tc bao gm mt mch tch hp hot ng nh t tr v cm bin HALL gn bn trong mt nam chm bn cc. Khi xe bt u hot dng th cc vng nan chm bt u quay , cm bin tc s pht ra cc tn hiu xung . C hai kiu mch ra : + kiu in p pht ra . +Kiu in tr thay i . 3.3 Phong php kim tra h hng v c c phn phi kh . L xo hi v : Dng dng c o p vi lc , n l xo li .D9i chiu khong dch chuyn n khi l xo nn li vi lc p trn, so vi khoang cch ti chun . Nu ln hn l xo yu phi thay . Kim tra vung gc cu lo xo: Dng e ke thp kim tra .D9t thoc trn mt tm phng .dng dng l xo trn mt u ca n trn tm phng v dch chuy l xo ln trn theo thc . Xoay l xo v ch khong cch gia vng dy l xo trn cng vi thc . Nu vung gc vt qu cho php .Phi thay mi . Cc truc ( con i) : Kim tra mt trong , mt ngoi than cc trt , cc vt co xc nhn bng mt thung . Dng knh lc pht hin cc khuyt tt ca pitng tay pittng nu mt ngoi ca n b co xc c cm nhn bng ngn tay . Kim tra mc r r du trn b g chuyn dng , con i nhng ngp trong bnh cha y du trn b g , dng bm c tay bm .Khng kh b dn ht ra khi con i.M c lt du ch trn ng h ( thi gian gia cc dim trn ng h ) trong khong 12 dn 40s m bo s lm vic ca con i. Trc cam : t trc cam ln khi V. S dng ng h so k o ti c trc gia. Xay trc cam mt vng , x dch ca kim ng h so k biu th cong ca trc. cng ln nht 0.06 mm nu c cong ln hn gi tr ln nht thay trc cam hoc nn li trc cam . Kim tra xon : Trong qu trinh lm vic trc cam c th b xon , khi b xon th phi thay mi trc cam. Kim tra khe hi dc trc : Tr s khe hi trc cam rt b n m bo cho trc cam chuyn ng trong qu trnh lm vic Bt trc cam vo than my xic cht tn chn u trc cam .rng hp trc cam lp trn np my th phi xic cht cc . y trc cam ht v mt pha. t so k ty vo trc cam.
GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI 84 SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Ko trc cam ngc li x dch ca kim ng h so k chnh l tr s khe h. Khe hi tiu chun : 0.08 n 0.19 mm Khe hi ln nht : 0.3 mm. Nu jhe hi ln hn gi tr ln nht thay trc cam . Nu cn thit thay np trc v np quy lt . Kim tra chiu cao ca vu cam : Nu nh vu cam b mn th lng kh np vo xi lanh s khng y v khi chy s khng c thy sch . Phng php kim tra : Dng panme o chiu cao ca cc vu cam sau so snh tr s ca nh ch to Chiu cao vu cam tiu chun : Cam np t : 35.21 - 35.31 mm . Cam x t : 34.91- 35.013 mm. Nu chiu cao vu cam nh hn 34,51 mm th thay th trc cam. Cc cm bin . 3.4 Kim tra cm bin . Cm bin trc khuu : Kim tra khe hi khng kh , dung thc l khe hi gia r to tn hiu v vu li trn cun dy tn hiu . Khe h khng kh : 0.2 - 0.4 mm . Nu khe h ny khng ng th thay b chia in . Kim tra in tr cun dy tn hiu , dung m k o in tr gia cc NE + v NE ,in tr cun dy tn hiu :140 180 . nu in tr khng ng tiu chun , thay cun dy cn bin . Cm bin bm ga : Bc 1 : ngt gic cm ca cm bin . Bc 2: t thc l vo gia vt chn bm ga v cn hn ch . Bc 3 : Dng m k din tr gia cc cc . iu chnh cm bin bm ga : Bc 1: ni lng 2 dai c cm bin . Bc 2: t thc l vo gia vt chn bm ga v cn hn ch bm ga . Bc 3: Ni u d ca m k vo cc IDL v ca cm bin bm ga . Bc 4: xoay t t cm bin bm ga theo chiu kim ng h cho n khi kim ca m k bt u dch chuyn v gia cht bm ga bng vt. Bc 5: Kim tra tnh thong mch gia IDL v E2 . Cch sa cha h hng ca c cu phn phi kh : L xo hi v : c thay th bng cch ly mng hm ra v ly a l xo ra , khi p l xo xung ri ly l xo xupp ra , cch lp th ngc li . Trc cam : nu trc cam cong qu 0.05 mm c nn li cho thng .t trc cam ln hai khi V c trc chnh u v ui gia trc c ng h so kim tra bin dng . Thit b p dung kch thy lc bng tay vi p k chnh thy lc nn .Khi nn phi p trc cong theo hng ngc li vi chiu cng ban u mt lng bin dng d mi lm cho trc thng li , ng thi khng gy cng theo chiu mi v khng lm gy trc .

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

85

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Trc cam bng thp hp kim , lng bin dng khi nn c th gp 10_- ln cng mi t hiu qu nn chia nhiu ln p trc t t thng , ln p cui cng duy try lc p trong nhiu gi nhm to ra ng sut d , kh ht ng sut bin dng ban u . Cc trt ( con i ) : khi con di b h hng nn thay mi . C m : C m b gy nn thay mi . Cht hm : khi b my mn st m th nn thay mi. Cm bin : khi b hng hay li thay mi .

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

86

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

KT LUN Qua qu trnh nghin cu v tm hiu ti H THNG PHN PHI KH THNG MINH c th rt ra mt s kt lun sau: Qua tm hiu th h thng phn phi kh c trang b trn t rt phong ph v a dng tu theo hng xe khc nhau m cc h thng phn phi kh oc trang b cng khc nhau. Tt c cc c cu diu hng n mt ch tit kim nhin liu , ng c chy dt cng xut cao hn. Mc d cng c s tham gia ca diu khin bng in nhng chua hon ton , vn cn nhiu phn iu khin bng c kh . Cc c cu iu ly mt di mt phn no cng xut ca dng c . p ng c nhu cu v phn phi kh c hiu qu nhng n tiu hao cng sut ca ng c qu nhiu , c cu qu nhiu chi tit , gi thnh mt th c cu cng kh chp nhn .

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

87

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

Vi s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut , em mong rng nghnh cng ngh t s cho ra nhiu c cu tt hn , hiu qu hn , t bit l v nhin liu thay th nhin liu ho thch ngy cng cn kit .

T TI LIU THAM KHO Tiu lun tt nghip : H THNG PHN PHI KH THNG MINH VVT-I TRN T : SV : NGUYN VN THM. Trang wep: www,oto-hui.com www.thuvienoto.com www.baigiang.com www.oto365.com ..

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

88

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN

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H Thng Phn Phi Kh VVT - I

GVHD: NGUYN HUNH THI

89

SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYN