Phan Tich Mot So de Thi

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.
com
PHN TCH, HNG DN GII THI I HC, CAO NG NM 2009 V 2010 S 01 ( thi tuyn sinh vo cc trng i hc khi A, nm 2010) Cu 1: Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na+; 0,02 mol SO 2 v x mol OH-. Dung dch Y c 4 + cha ClO 4 , NO 3 v y mol H ; tng s mol ClO 4 v NO3 l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100ml dung dch Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca H2O) l A. 1. B. 2. C. 12. D. 13.
Phn tch, hng dn gii:
p dng bo ton in tch cho dung dch X: 0,07 = 0,02 x 2 + x x = 0,03 (mol) p dng bo ton in tch cho dung dch Y: y = n H + = n ClO + n NO = 0,04 (mol)
4 3
Khi trn dung dch X vi dung dch Y: H + + OH H 2 O 0,03 0,03

n H + (du ) = 0,04 - 0,03 = 0,01 (mol) H + =
(1)
[ ]
0,01 = 0,1 = 10 1 (M ) 0,1
pH = 1 p n A.
Cu 2: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l: A. 6,40. B. 16,53. C. 12,00. D. 12,80.
Phn tch. hng dn gii:
t nZn = x (mol) nCu = 2x (mol) 65x + 64.2x = 19,3 x = 0,1 (mol) Zn + 2Fe3+ Zn2+ + 2Fe2+ 0,1 0,2 Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu2+ + 2Fe2+ (2) 0,1 0,2 kim loi sau phn ng l Cu d: 0,1 (mol) m = m(Cu(d) = 0,1 x 64 = 6,4 (gam) p n A.
Cu 3: Hn hp kh X gm N2 v H2 c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X mt thi gian trong bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He bng 2. Hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH3 l" A. 500%. B. 36%. C. 40%. D. 25%.
(1)
Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

N2
28 7,2
5,2
20,8 n N2 n H2 = 5,2 1 = 2,8 4
H2
Hiu sut phn ng tnh theo N2. Chn nX = 1 n N 2 = 0,2 (mol)
Do mX = mY
N2 + 3H2
M X n Y 1,8 = = = 0,9 nY = 0,9 (mol) MY nX 2
2NH3
H=
H = 100% s mol kh gim = 2n N 2 = 0,4 (mol) H p n D. (1 - 0,9) = 0,1 (mol)
0,1 100% = 25% 0,4
Cu 4: Trong s cc cht: C3H8, C3H7Cl, C3H8O v C3H9N; cht c nhiu ng phn cu to nht l: A. C3H7Cl. B. C3H8O. C. C3H8. D. C3H9N
Tng s nguyn t cacbon trong cc cht l bng nhau ; khi lin kt vi cc nguyn t c ha tr cao (N c ha tr cao nht), sng ng phn s tng p n D.
Cu 5: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4 (II) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S (III) Sc hn hp kh NO2 v O2 vo nc (IV) Cho MnO2 vo dung dch HCl c, nng (V) Cho Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (VI) Cho SiO2 vo dung dch HF S th nghim c phn ng oxi ha - kh xy ra l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 5 D. 4
- iu kin cn phn ng oxi ha, kh c th xy ra l phi c cht kh v cht oxi ha loi phng n (V) v (VI) p n D. - iu kin phn ng oxi ha, kh c th xy ra l phn ng phi to thnh cht oxi ha v cht kh yu hn cht oxi ha v cht kh ban u. - Cc phng trnh ha hc.
K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4 (1) 5SO2 + 3KMnO4 + 2H2O
(2) SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O

(3) 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4HNO3 (4) MnO2 + 4HCl c t MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O (5) 2Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 c t Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (6) SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + 2H2O
Cc phn ng (5) v (6) khng c s thay i s oxi ha.
0 0
Cu 6: Cho cn bng: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)
2SO3 (k)
Khi tng nhit th t khi ca hn hp kh so vi H2 gim i. Pht biu ng khi ni v cn bng ny l:

A. Phn ng nghch ta nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun khi tng nhit . B. Phn ng thun ta nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu nghch khi tng nhit . C. Phn ng nghch thu nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun khi tng nhit . D. Phn ng thun thu nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu nghch khi tng nhit . Phn tch, hng dn gii:
Theo nh lut bo ton, khi lng hn hp kh lun khng i. T khi ca hn hp kh (sau khi tng nhit ) so vi H2 gim i, chng t khi lng phn m t trung bnh gim M = S mol kh tng Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch n (chiu gim nhit tc thu nhit) Phn ng thun l ta nhit.
p n B.
Cu 7: Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO3 nng a mol/l, thu c 2 lt dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl2 (d) ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m tng ng l: A. 0,04 v 4,8. B. 0,07 v 3,2 C. 0,08 v 4,8. D. 0,14 v 2,4

p dng bo ton nguyn t (vi cacbon):
OH- + HCO 3 H 2 O
(1)
Do n CaCO 2 =
7,0 11,82 0,07(mol) > n BaCO3 = = 0,06(mol) 100 197
2 Dung dch X c cha ng thi CO 3 ; CHO 3 : x (mol)
Sau (1): NaOH phn ng ht; NaHCO3 cn d n CO 2 = 2 xn BaCO3 = 0,12 (mol)

3
2 2 HCO 3 t CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O
x
3
0,5x
n CO 2 = (0,12 + 0,5x ) = 2n CaCO3 = 0,14 x =0,04 (mol)

n HCO = 0,12 + x = 0,16 (mol) = 2a a = 0,08 (M)
3
n NaOH = n CO 2 (1) = 0,12 m = 0,12 x 40 = 48 (gam)

3
p n C.
Cu 8: Mt phn t saccaroz c A. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz B. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz C. hai gc -fructoz D. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz Phn tch, hng dn gii:
Saccaroz c cu to t mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz lin kt vi nhau qua nguyn t oxi gia C1 ca glucoz v C2 ca fructoz (C1-O-C2): Lin kt glicozit p n D.
Cu 9: Oxi hja ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8 gam CuO. Cho ton b lng anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol l: A. C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH C. CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH Phn tch, hng dn gii:
n ancol = n CuO = 4,8 23,76 = 0,06(mol); n Ag = = 0,22(mol) 108 80
B. C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH D. CH3OH, C2H5OH
Nhn thy: nAg > 2nancol C mt ancol l CH3OH Loi phng n A v B. Nhn xt: Cc ancol trong 4 phng n u l ancol bc nht. CH3OH HCHO 4Ag a b 4a 2b RCH2OH RCHO 2Ag
a + b = 0,06 a = 0,05 4a + 2b = 0,22 b = 0,01
mancol = 32 x 0,05 + (R + 31) x 0,01 = 2,2 R = 29 (-C2H5) R = 29 (-C2H5) p n C.
Cu 10: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mch h v c cng s nguyn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln hn s mol ca X). Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 25,2 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng M vi H2SO4 c thc hin phn ng este ha (hiu sut l 80%) th s este thu c l A. 34,20. B. 27,36. C. 22,80 D. 18,24 Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 14 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).

Cu 11: Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na+; 0,003 mol Ca2+; 0,06 mol Cl-; 0,006 mol HCO3- v 0,001 mol NO 3 . loi b ht Ca2+ trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a gam Ca(OH)2. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,222 Phn tch, hng dn gii: B. 0,120 C. 0,444 D. 0,180
V n Ca 2 + = 2n HCO3 nn c th coi phn ng to kt ta ln nht l: Ca (HCO 3 ) 2 + Ca (OH) 2 2CaCO 3 +2H 2 O 0,03 0,03 => a = 0,003 x 74 = 0,222 (gam) => p n A
Cu 12: Hn hp kh no sau y khng tn ti nhit thng? A. H2 v F2 Phn tch, hng dn gii: B. Cl2 v O2 C. H2S v N2 D. CO v O2
H 2 + F2 2HF Phn ng c th xy ra trong bng ti hoc -2520C => p n A

Cu 13: un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C2H2 v 0,03 mol H2 trong mt bnh kn (xc tc Ni), thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, khi lng bnh tng m gam v c 280ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca Z so vi H2 l 10,18. Gi tr ca m l A. 0,328 Phn tch, hng dn gii:
Br ,t {C 2 H 2 ; H 2 } Ni Y + Z
o 2
B. 0,205
C. 0,585
D. 0,620
mhn hp ban u = 0,02 x 26 + 0,03 x 2 = 0,58 (gam) mkhi tc dng vi dung dch brom = m khi lng bnh brom tng mhn hp ban u = mY = mZ + mkhi lng bnh brom tng Mt khc: m Z =
280 x (10,08x 2) = 0,252(gam)(gam) 22400
mkhi lng bnh brom tng = mhn hp ban u - mZ = 0,58 - 0,252 = 0,328 (gam) =>p n A
Cu 14: Nung nng tng cp cht trong bnh kn: (1) Fe + S(r), (2) Fe2O3 + CO(k),
(3) Au + O2 (k), (4) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 (r), (5) Cu + KNO3 (r), (6) Al + NaCl (r). Cc trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ha kim loi l:
A. (1), (3), (6) Phn tch, hng dn gii:
Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO 2 Fe+ 3CO 2 => Phn ng (2) l phn ng kh ion kim loi thnh kim loi => Loi phng n B v D.
+3 o
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (4), (5)
D. (2), (5), (6)
- Au, Pt khng b oxi ha bi oxi => Loi phng n A => p n C Cu + Cu(NO3)2 ?

2 Cu(NO3)2 t 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 2Cu + O2 t 2CuO
0 0 0
(1) (2)
Cng (1) v (2) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 t 2CuO + 2NO2 (*) Cu + KNO3 ? 2KNO3 t 2KNO2 + O2 2Cu + O2 t 2CuO Cng (1) v (2) Cu + KNO3 t CuO + KNO2
0 0 0
(1) (2) (*)
Cu 15: Tng s cht hu c mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O l A. 3. Hng dn gii: B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
Cc cng thc tha mn l: CH3COOH; HCOOCH3 v HOCH2CHO p n A. C2H4O2 c bt bo ha = 2x 2 + 2 2 =1 2
+ Trng hp 1: C2H4O2 l axit (hoc este) no, n chc mch h (nhm chc axit v este u cha mt lin kt i nn gc hirocacbon phi no, mch h). + Trng hp 2: C2H4O2 cha ng thi nhm -OH v -CHO - Sai lm mc phi trong trng hp ny l hc sinh vit trng hp C2H4O c mt nhm chc este (-O-) v mt nhm chc -CHO : CH3-O-CHO Chn phng n D. Tuy nhin nhm chc este lin kt vi nhm chc anhit hoc xeton chnh l nhm chc este.
Cu 16: C cc pht biu sau:
(1) Lu hunh, photpho u bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3. (2) Ion Fe3+ c cu hnh electron vit gn l []3d5. (3) Bt nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi kh clo. (4) Phn chua c cng thc Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. Cc pht biu ng l:
A. (1), (3), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (4)
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 17 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 17: Pht biu no sau y ng? A. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u tc dng vi nc nhit thng. B. Kim loi xesi c dng ch to t bo quang in. C. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din. D. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c nhit chy gim dn. Hng dn gii:
Da vo ng dng ca kim loi nhm 1A (hoc kin thc vt l) p n B.

- Ch c cc kim loi kim (nhm IA) v kim loi kim th (Ca, Sr, Ba) tc dng vi H2O nhit thng. Be v Mg l kim loi IIA nhng khng tc dng vi H2O nhit thng Loi giai on A. - Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lc phng Loi phng n C - T Be n Ba bin i khng u (tng v gim) Loi phng n D p n B.
Cu 18: Ha tan hon ton m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Nu cho 110ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th thu c 3a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th thu c 2a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 32,20. B. 24,15. C. 17,71. D. 16,10
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 2: Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 19: Cho cc loi t: bng, t capron, t xenluloz axetat, t tm, t nitron, nilon-6,6. S t tng hp l A. 3. Hng dn gii: B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
T tng hp l t m cc polime do con ngi tng hp ra t cc monome, gm: T capron, t nitron, nilon-6,6 p n A.. Bng, t tm: L polime thin nhin (do thin nhin to nn) T xenlulz axetat: L polime nhn tio hay polime bn tng hp (t cc polime thin nhin, con ngi ch ha thm).
Cu 20: Trong s cc pht biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH):
(1) Phenol tan t trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dch HCl. (2) Phenol c tnh axit, dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu tm. (3) Phenol dng sn xut keo dn, cht dit nm mc. (4) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom v th nitro d hn benzen. Cc pht biu ng l
A. (1), (2), (4). Hng dn gii: B. (2), (3), (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (4)
Phenol l mt axit yu tan t trong nc Tan t trong dung dch HCl p n B.

Cu 21: C bao nhiu tripeptit (mch h) khc loi m khi thy phn hon ton u thu c 3 aminoaxit: glyxin, alanin v phenylalanin? A. 3 B. 9 C. 4 D. 6
Gi 3 aminoaxit to ra tng ng l X1, X2 v X3 C cc loi tripeptit (mch h) nh sau:

Vi X2 nm gia X1 v X3 X1-X2-X3; X3-X2-X1: C 2 tripeptit (mch h) Thay th v tr X2 bng X1 hoc X3: C 4 tripeptit (mch h). p n B.
Cu 22: Hn hp kh X gm imetylamin v hai hironcacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton 100ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp Y gm kh v hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c (d) th cn li 250 ml kh (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l A. C2H6 v C3H8 B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. CH4 v C2H6. D. C2H4 v C3H6
Cu 23: Pht biu ng l A. Khi thy phn n cng cc protein n gin s cho hn hp cc -aminoaxit. B. Khi cho dung dch lng trng trng vo Cu(OH)2 thy xut hin phc mu xanh m. C. Enzim amilaza xc tc cho phn ng thy phn xenluloz thnh mantoz. D. Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v glucoz.
- Khi cho dung dch lng trng trng vo Cu(OH)2 thy xut hin phc mu xanh tm Loi phng n B. - Enzim amilaza l xc tc cho phn ng thy phn xenluloz thnh glucoz Loi phng n C. - Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v pentoz (mono sacarit c 5C) Loi phng n D.
Cu 24: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng, thu c 3,808 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l A. 4,72. B. 5,42. C. 7,42. D. 5,72.
Cch 1: n CO 2 =
5,4 3,808 = 0,17(mol); n H 2O = = 0,3(mol) 18 22,4
n H 2O > n CO 2 Ancol, mch h; n ancol = n H 2O n CO 2 = 0,13(mol) p dng BTNT i vi oxi: 0,13 + 2n O 2 = 2 x 0,17 + 0,3 n H 2O = 0,255 (mol) p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: m ancol m CO 2 + m H 2O m O 2 = 44 x 0,17 + 5,4 - 32 x 0,255 = 4,72 (gam) Cch 2: n CO 2 = 5,4 3,808 = 0,17(mol); n H 2O = = 0,3(mol) 18 22,4
n H 2O > n CO 2 Ancol no, mch h

n ancol = n H 2O n CO 2 = 0,13(mol) n C = 0,17 0,13
C mt ancol l CH3OH (n chc) Hn hp gm cc ancol n chc cng thc tng qut C n H 2n + 2 O

m ancol = m = 14n + 18 x 0,13 = 4,72(gam ) p n A.
Cch 3: n CO 2 = 5,4 3,808 = 0,17(mol); n H 2O = = 0,3(mol) 18 22,4
n H 2O > n CO 2 ancol no, mch h; nancol = n H 2O n CO 2 = 0,13 (mol) mancol = m = mC + mH + mO(ancol) = 0,17 x 12 + 0,3 x 2 + 0,13 x 16 = 4,72 (gam) p n A.
Cu 25: Nhn nh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t : A. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ha hc B. X v Z c cng s khi C. X v Y c cng s notron D. X, Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ha hc
26 13
X, 55 Y, 26
26 12
X?
p n B.
Cu 26: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H2SO4 (t l x: y = 2 : 5), thu c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mi sunfat. S mo electron do lng Ge trn nhng khi b ha tan l A. 3x. B. y. C. 2x. D. 2y.
Xem phn tcg v hng dn gii (V d 8 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 27: Axeton c iu ch bng cch oxi ha cumen nh oxi, sau thy phn trong dung dch H2SO4 long. thu c 145 gam axeton th lng cumen cn dng (gi s hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t 75%) l A. 300 gam Hng dn gii: B. 500 gam C. 400 gam D. 600 gam
(CH3)2CH-C6H5 CH3COCH3 + C6H5OH 120 m 58 145 m= 145x 20 = 300 (H = 100%) 58 100 = 400 (gam) 75
V hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t 75% mcumen = 300 x p n C.
Cu 28: Cho cc cht: NaHCO3, CO, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6

Hng dn gii:
Cc cht khng tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l: CO; Fe(OH)3 p n B.
Cu 29: Thy phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%, thu c mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit l: A. HCOOH v CH3COOH C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH Phn tch, hng dn gii: B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH D. HCOOH v C2H5COOH
Cch 1:
n NaOH 0,06 = = 3 E l este 3 chc (to bi ancol 3 chc v 2 axit n chc) nE 0,02
(RCOO) 3 R '+3NaOH 3RCOONa + R ' (OH )3
0,2 M RCOONa =
0,6 43,6 = 72,67 Mui th nht l HCOONa (M = 68) 0,6
Gi cng thc mui cn li l RCOONa. TH1: nRCOONa = 0,4 (mol) 2M RCOONa + 68 43,6 = M RCOONa = 75 (loi) 3 0,6 M RCOONa + 2 x 68 43,6 = M RCOONa = 82(CH 3 COONa ) p n A. 3 0,6
TH2: nHCOONa = 2nRCOONa = 0,4 (mol)
Cch 2:
n NaOH 0,06 = = 3 E l este 3 chc (to bi ancol 3 chc v 2 axit n chc) nE 0,02
Gi cng thc tng qut ca E l: RCOO-R2(R1COO)2 R1COO-R(R2COO)2 + 3NaOH R1COONa + 2R2COONa + 3H2O 0,6 0,2 0,4 (R1 + 67) x 0,2 + (R2 + 67) x 0,4 = 43,6 R1 + 2R2 = 17 Ch c gi tr R1 = 1 (H); R2 = 15 (CH3) l tha mn Hai axit l: HCOOH v CH3COOH p n A.
Cu 30: Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th A. bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng B. bn knh nguyn t tng, m in gim C. bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng

D. bn knh nguyn t v m in u gim. p n C. Cu 31: Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit lutamic) vp 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phng thc xy ra hon ton, s mol NaOH phn ng l A. 0,50. Hng dn gii: B. 0,65. C. 0,70. D. 0,55.
nglutamic = 0,15 (mol); nHCl = 0,35 (mol) nNaOH = 2nglutamic + nHCl = 0,65 (mol) p n B.
Cu 32: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l A. natri v magie. C. kali v canxi. Phn tch, hng dn gii: B. liti v beri. D. kali v bari.
2M + 2nHCl 2MCl n + nH 2 0,5 n V 1 < n < 2 0,25 < n M 0,25 7,1 7,1 = 14,2 < M < = 28,4 0,5 0,25
Hai kim loi ln lt l Na (23) v Mg (24) p n A.

Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l A. 13,70 gam. B. 18,46 gam. C. 12,79 gam. D. 14,62 gam.
2M + H 2 O 2M(OH )n + nH 2 Nhn thy: n OH = 2n H 2 = 0,24(mol)

n + = 6a H n HCl = 4a n Cl = 4a t n H 2SO4 = a n SH 2 = a 4 6a = 0,24 a = 0,04 (mol) p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: nmui = mkim loi (phn ng) + mCl-(mui) + m SO2 (mui)
4
mmui = 8,94 + 0,04 x 96 + 0,16 x 35,5 = 18,46 (gam) p n B.

Cu 34: Cho s chuyn ha

, xt , C 3 H 6 dungdich X NaOH Y CuO Z O 2 T CH 3OH , t E Br2 ,t xt
o o
(Este a chc) Tn gi ca Y l
A. propan-1,3-iol. C. propan-2-ol Hng dn gii: B. propan-1,2-iol D. glixerol.
V E l este a chc T l axit a chc C3H6 phi l xiclopropan Y l propan-1,3-iol p n A.

Cu 35: Cho 4 dung dch: H2SO4, AgNO3, CuSO4, AgF. Cht khng tc dng c vi c 4 dung dch trn l A. KOH. B. BaCl2. C. NH3. D. NaNO3.
p n D.
Cu 36: Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl2 (vi in cc tr), v phn ng n mn in ha xy ra khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl c c im l: A. Phn ng xy ra lun km theo s pht sinh dng in. B. u sinh ra Cu cc m. C. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi. D. Phn ng cc dng u l s oxi ha Cl-. Phn tch, hng dn gii: Cch 1: Phn tch bn cht
CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 (Cc m: Cu2+ + 2e Cu0) Khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl Cc m l kim loi c tnh kh mnh v b n mn ( Zn Zn 2+ + 2e)
p n C.
CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 (Cc m: Cu2+ + 2e Cu0) Khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl Cc m l kim loi c tnh kh mnh v b n mn: (Zn Zn2+ + 2e) p n C. Cch 2: Loi tr cc phng n Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl2 s dng dng in mt chiu. Loi phng n A. Khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl, cc m l Zn v b n mn. Loi phng n B. - Khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl, cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh H+ (2H+ + 2e H2) Loi phng n D.
p n C.

Cu 37: Anken X hp nc to thnh 3-etylpentan-3-ol. Tn ca X l A. 3-etylpent-3-en. C. 3-etylpent-2-en. Phn tch, hng dn gii: B. 2-etylpent-2-en. D. 3-etylpent-1-en.
Phn ng cng hp H2O c th tun theo quy tc Maccopnhicp nu anken khng i xng. OH
, X + HOH H CH 3 CH 2 C CH 2 CH 3 CTCT ca X l t
+ 0
C 2 H5 CH 3 CH C CH 2 CH 3 C2H5
p n C.
Cu 38: Cho s chuyn ha:
,t Triolein + H 2 (Ni X + NaOH du t Y + HCl Z du )
0 0
Tn ca Z l
A. axit linoleic. B. axit oleic C. axit panmitic. D. axit stearic

,t Triolein + H 2 (Ni X , nn X l tristearin du )
0
Y tc dng vi HCl Y l C17H35COONa p n D.

Cu 39: Pht biu khng ng l: A. Hiro sunfua b oxi ha bi nc clo nhit thng. B. Kim cng, than ch, fuleren l cc dng th hnh ca cacbon. C. Tt c cc nguyn t halogen u c cc s oxi ha: -1, +1, +3, +5 v +7 trong cc hp cht. D. Trong cng nghip, photpho c sn xut bng cch nung hn hp qung photphorit, ct v than cc 12000C trong l in. Hng dn gii:
- Trong hp cht flo ch c s oxi ha duy nht l -1 p n C.

Cu 40: t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn 6 3), thu c th tch kh CO2 bng th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng 7 iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 7,20 B. 6,66. C. 8,88 D. 10,56.

Cu 41: Cht c dng ty trng giy v bt giy trong cng nghip l A. CO2 p n B. Cu 42: Hn hp X gm 1 mol aminoaxit no, mch h v 1 mol amin no, mch h X c kh nng phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH. t chy hon ton X thu c 6 mol CO2, x mol H2O v y mol N2. Cc gi tr x, y tng ng l B. SO2 C. N2O D. NO2.
A. 8 v 10
B. 8 v 1,5
C. 7 v 1,0
D. 7 v 1,5
X c kh nng phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH X gm mt amino axit (1 nhm -NH2 v 2 nhm -COOH) v mt amin n chc. CnH2n-1(NH2)(COOH)2 (n+2)CO2 +
mCO2 + CmH2m+3N
2n + 3 1 H 2O + N 2 2 2
1 2m + 3 H 2O + N 2 2 2
n N2 =
1 1 + = 1 (mol) 2 2 2n + 3 2m + 3 2(n + m + 2 ) + 2 = n CO 2 + 1 = 7(mol) + = 2 2 2
n H 2O =
Cu 43: T 180 gam glucoz, bng phng php ln men ru, thu c a gam ancol etylic (hiu sut 80%). Oxi ha 0,1a gam ancol etylic bng phng php ln men gim, thu c hn hp X. trung ha hn hp X cn 720ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Hiu sut qu trnh ln men gim l
A. 80%
B. 10%
C. 90%
D. 2%
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH 2CH3COOH 0,72 0,144x10(mol)
H=100% 100 = 162(gam ) 80
V hiu sut qu trnh l 80% m C6 H12O 6 = 0,72 x180 x H= 162 x100% = 90% 180
p n C.
Cu 44: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 l:
A. CuO, Al, Mg
B. Zn, Cu, Fe.
C. MgO, Na, Ba
D. Zn, Ni, Sn
Cu 45: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O

S phn t HCl ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca k l A. 4 7 B. 1 7 C. 3 14 D. 3 7
K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 2KCl + 7H2O - C 12 HCl ng vai tr l cht kh, tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng l 14 k = 6 3 = p n D. 14 7
Cu 46: Nh t t tng git n ht 30ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100ml dung dch cha Na2CO3 0,2M v NaHCO3 0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l
A. 0,030
B. 0,010
C. 0,020
D. 0,015
Na2CO3 + HCl NaCl + NaHCO3

0,02 0,02
(1)
0,02
Sau (1); nHCld = 0,01 < n NaHCO3 = 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04 (mol)
NaCl + H2O + CO2 NaHCO3 + HCl
(2)
0,01 p n B.
0,01
Cu 47: Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,9
Hng dn gii:
B. 14,3
C. 10,2
D. 9,5
RCHO RCOONH4 + 2Ag 0,2 0,4 Khi lng mui tng = 0,2x33 = 6,6 (gam) m = 17,5 - 6,6 = 10,9 (gam) p n A.
Cu 48: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca axit vi kim loi kim c tng khi lng l 15,8 gam. Tn ca axit trn l
A. axit propanoic C. axit etanoic

B. axit metanoic D. axit butanoic
Gi cng thc ca axit v mui tng ng l RCOOH v RCOOM
(R + 45) + (R + 44 + M ) = 15,8 2R + M = 69
2 0,2 R = 69 M (M < 69; R < 34,5) 2 M R 3 (Li) 31 (Loi) 23 (Na) 23 (Loi 39 (K) 15 (-CH3)
Axit l CH3COOH p n C.
Cu 49: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim 19,35 gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H4
B. C2H6
C. C3H6
D. C3H8
n CO 2 = n BaCO3 =
29,55 = 0,15(mol) 197
mdung dch gim = m BaCO3 m CO 2 + m H 2O = 19,35 m H 2O = 19,35 + 0,15 x 44 - 29,55 = 3,6 (gam) n H 2O = 0,2 (mol)
Cch 1:
n CO 2 > n H 2O X l ankan, v nX = n H 2O n CO 2 = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 (mol) S nguyn t cacbon (X) = n CO 2 nX = 3 X: C3H8
p n D.
Cch 2:
nC : nH = n CO 2 : 2 n H 2O = 0,15 : 0,4 = 3 : 8 p n D.
Cu 50: in phn (vi in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol, n khi catot xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm thu c anot l
A. kh Cl2 v O2 C. ch c kh Cl2
B. kh H2 v O2 D. kh Cl2 v H2
2NaCl + CuSO4 Cu + Cl2 + Na2SO4 (anot) CuSO4 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4 (anot) p n A.
(1)
(2)

Cu 51: Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli(vinyl axetat), cc polime l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng l:
A. (1), (3), (6)
B. (3), (4), (50
C. (1), (2), (3)
D. (1), (3), (5)
Cu 52: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng in c cng 2A. Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l
A. 2,240 lt
B. 2,912 lt
C. 1,792 lt
D. 1,344 lt
p dng nh lut Faraay: m =

n electron nhng (hoc nhn) =
AIt It m = x n = n electron nF F A
nhng (hoc nhn)
It 2 x 9650 = = 0,2(mol) F 9650
0,12 0,06 0,12 = (0,06 + 0,02) x 22,4 = 1,792 (lt) 2 0 2H 2 O O 2 +2H + + 4e 0,02 (0,2 0,12 ) 2 Cl Cl 2 +2e
1 0
Cu 53: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH3 (ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng, thu c cht rn X (gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 12,3% B. 87,63% C. 14,12% D. 85,88%

n NH 3 = 0,02(mol); n CuO = 0,2(mol) n CuO >
0
3 n NH3 CuO d 2
3CuO + 2 NH 3 t 3Cu + N 2 + 3H 2 O Ban u: Phn ng: 0,2 0,02

0,03 0,03 0,02
Khi lng cht rn sau phn ng gim = Khi lng oxi trong CuO phn ng %Cu = 0,03x 64 x100 12,37% 16 0,03x16
p n A.
Cu 54: t chy hon ton V lt hi mt amin X bng mt lng oxi va to ra 8V lt hn hp kh cacbonic, kh nit v hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin). Amin X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit. Cht X l
A. CH2=CH-NH-CH3 C. CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2 B. CH3-CH2-NH-CH3 D. CH2=CH-CH2-NH2

Nhn xt: C 4 phng n amin u n chc (cha 1 nguyn t N) Gi cng thc ca X l CnHmN - X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit X l amin bc I Loi phng n A v B. - n gin nht l th vi mt trong hai phng n cn li (nu C ng D sai v chn p n C. Nu C sai, khng cn th li vi D v chn p n D). Th vi phng n D: CH2-CH-CH2-NH2 O 2 3CO2 + 3,5H2O + 0,5N2
p n C.
Cu 55: Hiro ha cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l
A. metyl isopropyl xetol C. 3-metybutan-2-ol B. 3-metybutan-2-on D. 2-metylbutan-3-on

H X +(CH 3 )2 CHCH(OH )CH 3 X phi cha no v c cu to mch cacbon ging sn 2 phm to thnh, nn X l: (CH3)2-CH-CO-CH3.
p n B.
Cu 56: Trong s cc ngun nng lng: (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri, (4) ha thch; nhng ngun nng lng l
A. (1), (3), (4) B. (2), (3), (4) C. (1), (2), (4) D. (1), (2), (3)
Hng dn gii:
Nng lng ha thch (ch yu t than ) khng phi l ngun nng lng sch
p n D.
Cu 57: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, kt tip nhau trong dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn ng este ha t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn hp X l
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH C. C25COOH v C3H7COOH B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH D. C2H7COOH v C4H9COOH

nX = 2n H 2 = 0,6 (mol) V cc cht trong X phn ng va vi nhau n CH 3OH = n axit = 0,3(mol)
CH 3 OH + RCOOH RCOOCH 3 + H 2 O
0,3 m RCOOCH =
3
0,3 25 = 83,33 M R = 24,3 0,3

Hai axit l CH3COOH M (CH3 ) = 15 v C 2 H 5 COOH M (C2 H5 ) = 29
p n B.
nX = 2n H 2 = 0,6 (mol) C th t cng thc tng qut ca este di dng: C n H 2 n +1COOCH 3 25 = 83,33 0,3
ME =
14n + 60 = 83,33 n = 1,66

Hai axit l CH3COOH v C2H5COOH p n B.
Cu 58: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung dch Y thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O2 9d) to hn hp 3 oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt
B. 0,672 lt
C. 1,344 lt
D. 1,008 lt
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 23 - Phn th hai: Phn tch, trnh mt s sai lm thng gp trong cc k thi).
Cu 59: Tch nc hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol Y ch to ra 2 anken. t chy cng s 5 ln lng nc sinh ra t ancol mol mi ancol th lng nc sinh ra t ancol ny bng 3 kia. Ancol Y l
A. CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3. C. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
B. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH D. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3
Nhn xt: C 4 phng n ancol u c s nguyn t H ln hn s nguyn t H trong C2H5OH Gi cng thc ancol Y l CnH2n+2O
Loi phng n A v D
2n + 2 5 = n = 4 C 4 H 10 O 6 3
V tch H2O ch to mt anken duy nht Y l CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH (ancol bc 1) p n B.

Cu 60: Xt cn bng: N2O4 (k)
2NO2 (k) 250C.
Khi chuyn dch sang mt trng thi cn bng mi, nu nng ca N2O4 tng ln 9 ln th nng ca NO2 A. tng 9 ln B. tng 3 ln C. tng 4,5 ln D. gim 3 ln
- Gi nng ca N2O4 v NO2 ban u ln lt l a, x - Sau khi thay i nng , nng ca N2O4 l 9a, ca NO2 l y.

- V hng s cn bng Kc, khng ph thuc vo nng , ch ph thuc vo nhit v cch vit phng trnh, nn: x 2 y2 = y = 3x p n B. a 9a

S 02 ( thi tuyn sinh vo cc trng i hc khi B, nm 2010) Cu 1: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. Thy phn X to ra hai ancol n chc c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhan. Cng thc ca X l
A. CH3OCO-CH2-COOC2H5 C. CH3OCO-COOC3H7
B. C2H5OCO-COOCH3 D. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5
- Bo ton nguyn t vi cacbon(6C) Loi phng n B v D. - V hai ancol to thnh c s nguyn t cacbol trong phn t gp i nhau
Loi phng n C
p n A.
Cu 2: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi gian thu c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO3 (d), thu c 0,672 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). S mol HNO3 phn ng l
A. 0,12
B. 0,14
C. 0,16
D. 0,18
n O2 =
2,71 2,23 = 0,015(mol) 32
+5 +2 N + 3e N(NO ) 0,09 0,03 nelectro nnhn = 0,15 (mol) 0 2 O 2 + 4e 2 O
0,15 0,06
n NO (mui) = nelectron nhng = nelectron nhn = ,15 (mol)
3
V phn ng khng to NH4NO3 p dng bo ton nguyn t i vi nit: n HNO3 = n NO3 (mui) + nNO = 0,15 + 0,03 = 0,18 (mol)) p n D.
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l
A. 0,015
B. 0,010
C. 0,020
D.0,005
Cch 1: Vit v tnh theo phng trnh ha hc - V 3 axit u n chc nx = nNaOH = 0m04 (mol) - t n C15H31COOH = a; n C17 H35COOH = b; n C17 H31COOH = c

a + b + c = 0,04 16a + 18b + 18c = 0,68 c = 0,015(mol) p n A. 16a + 18b + 16c = 0,65 Cch 2: - Axit panmitic (C15H31COOH) l no, n chc, mch h Khi chy cho n H 2O = n CO 2 n H 2O n CO 2 = 0
- Axit linoleic (C17H31COOH) l axit cha no (c hai lin kt i trong gc hirocacbon Khi chy cho n CO 2 n H 2O = 2n axit
n axit linoleic =
CO 2
n H 2O 2
0,68 0,65 = 0,015 (mol) p n A. 2
Nu khng nhn dng c theo cch 2; khng cn s dng n s mol hn hp t d kin s mol CO2 v s mol H2O cng tm c c, nh sau
- t n C15H31COOH = a; n C17 H35COOH = b; n C17 H31COOH = c n CO = 16a + 18b + 18c = 0,68(1) (1) (2) 2c = 0,03 c = 0,015(mol) 2 n H 2O = 16a + 18b + 16c = 0,65(2 )
Nhn xt: Trong hai cch trn, lm c theo cch 2, cn phi hiu c mi lin h gia s mol CO2 v H2O trong cc phng trnh t chy. Cu 4: Phng php loi b tp cht HCl c ln trong kh H2S l: Cho hn hp kh li t t qua mt lng d dung dch
A. Pb(NH3)2 B. NaHS C. AgNO3 D. NaOH
Phn tch, hng dn gii: - loi b c HCl dung dch cn phi tc dng c vi HCl m khng tc dng vi H2S
NaHS + HCl NaCl + H2S - Cc cht cn li u tc dng vi c HCl v H2S
p n B.
Cu 5: Pht biu no sau y khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca nhm v crom?
A. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dung dch H2SO4 c ngui. B. Nhm c tnh kh mnh hn crom. C. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l v s mol. D. Nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v trong nc
Hng dn gii:
Al + HCl AlCl3 ; Cr + HCl CrCl 2 p n C.
Cu 6: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2, u l cht rn iu kin thng. Cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh. Cht Y c phn ng trng ngng. Cc cht X v Y ln lt l
A. vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat.

B. amoni acrylat v axit 2-aminopropionic. C. axit 2-aminopropionic v amoni acrylat. D. axit 2-aminopropionic v axit 3-aminopropionic.
Phn tch, hng dn gii: Cch 1: Phn tch theo cht X trc, cht Y sau:
- V cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh Loi phng n C v D - V cht Y c phn ng trng ngng Loi phng n A
p n B.
Cch 2: Phn tch theo cht Y trc, cht X sau:
- V cht Y c phn ng trng ngng Loi phng n A v C. - V cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh Loi phng n D.
p n B.
Phng trnh ha hc CH2=CH-COONH4 + NaOH CH2=CH-COONa + NH3 + H2O nCH3-CH(NH2) - COOH xt ( NH CH (CH 3 ) CO )n + nH 2 O
Cu 7: Kh hon ton m gam oxit MxOy vn va 17,92 lt kh CO2 (ktc), thu c a gam kim loi M. Ha tan ht a gam M bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt khiSO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Oxit MxOy l
A. Cr2O3 B. FeO C. Fe3O4 D. CrO
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 20 - Phn th nht: phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi).
Cu 8: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH, Na2CO3, KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l
A. 4 B. 7 C. 5 D. 6

Cch 1: Phn tch xt kh nng phn ng to kt ta Ba(HCO3)2 tc dng vi dung dch to kt ta l: NaOH, Na2CO3, KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4.
p n D.
Cch 2: Phn tch, xt cc cht khng c phn ng Ba(HCO3)2 khng tc dng vi cc dung dch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, HCl p n D.
Cu 9: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt aminoaxit (no, mch h, trong phn t cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y, thu c tng khi lng CO2 v H2O bng 54,9 gam. t chy hon ton 0,2mol X, sn phm thu c cho li t t qua nc vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 120 B. 60 C. 30 D. 45

Gi cng thc tng qut ca amino axit to X v Y l: CnH2n+1, NO2 2CnH2n+1NO2 C2nH4nN2O3 + H2O 3CnH2n+1+ NO2 C3nH6n-1N3O4 + 2H2O Cng thc ca X v Y ln lt l: C2nH4nN2O3 v C3nH6n-1N3O4 t chy Y:
O2 C3nH6n-1N3O4 + 3nCO2 + (3n-0,5)H2O + 1,5N2
0,1 t chy X:
0,3n (3n-3,5)x0,1
0,3n x 44 + (3n - 0,5) x 0,1 x 0,8 = 54,9 n = 3

O2 Vy khi t chy: C2nH4nN2O3 + 2nCO2
0,2
2nx0,2 = 1,2 (mol)
m CaCO3 = m = 1,2 x 100 = 120 (gam) p n A.
Cu 10: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (MX > MY) c tng khi lng l 8,2 gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X trong Z l
A. C3H5COOH v 54,88% A. C2H5COOH v 56,10 A. C2H3COOH v 43,%90 A. HCOOH v 45,12%
Cu 11: Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l:

A. HBr, CO2, CH4 C. NH3, Br2, C2H4 B. Cl2, CO2, C2H2 D. HCl, C2H2, Br2.

- Lin kt trong phn t HBr; HCl; NH3 l lin kt cng ha tr c cc (cc phn t c xt trong chng trnh Ha hc lp 10 v 11). Loi phng n A, C v D
p n B.
Cu 12: Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, notron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ag]3d54s1. B. [Ar]3d64s2 C. [Ar]3d64s1 D. [Ar]3d34s2

2Z + N = 79 + 3 Z = 26 26 M : [Ar]3d 6 4s 2 p n B. (2 Z 3) N = 19

Cu 13: Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 11,25. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt X, thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (cc th tch kh o ktc). Cng thc ca ankan v anken ln lt l
A. CH4 v C2H4 B. C2H6 v C2H4 C. CH4 v C3H6 D. CH4 v C4H8

M X = 11,25 x = 22,5 ankan l CH4
p dng bo ton khi lng: mH = mX - mC = 0,9 (gam) n H 2O = 0,45 (mol)
n CH4 = n H2O n CO2 = 0,45 0,3 = 0,15(mol) nanken = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 (mol)
Gi cng thc tng qut ca anken l CnH2n (n2) 0,15 + 0,05n = 0,3 n = 3 Anken l C3H6 p n C.
Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?

A. Trong cc dung dch: HCl, H2SO4, H2S c cng nng 0,01M, dung dch H2S c pH ln nht. B. Nh dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch CuSO4 thu c kt ta xanh. C. Dung dch Na2CO3 lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn sang mu hng. D. Nh dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch AlCl3, thu c kt ta trng.

Hp cht ca Cu2+ to phc vi dung dch NH3 (d) p n B. CuSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 CU(OH)2 + 4NH3 d [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OH-
Cu 15: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, t0), to ra sn phm c kh nng phn ng vi Na l:

A. C2H3CH2OH, CH3COCH3, C2H3COOH B. C2H3CHO, CH3COOC2H3, C6H5COOH C. C2H3CH2OH, CH3CHO, C6H5COOH D. CH3O2H5, CH3CHO, C2H3COOH

- V cc cht u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, t0) Loi phng n C (CH3COOH) v D (CH3OC2H5) - CH3COOC2H3 tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, t0) to este no khng c phn ng vi Na Loi phng n B.
p n A.
Cu 16: Mt loi phn supephophat kp c cha 69,62% mui canxi ihirophotphat, cn li gm cc cht khng cha photpho. dinh dng ca loi phn ln ny l
A. 48,52% B. 42,25% C. 39,76% D. 45,75%

Ca (H 2 PO 4 )2 69.62 x142 234gam 142gam x = 42,25 p n B. 234 69,62% x %
Cu 17: Cho 13,74 gam 2,4-6-trinitrophenol vo bnh kn ri nung nng nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c x mol hn hp kh gm: CO2, CO, N2 v H2. Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,60
B. 0,36
C. 0,54
D. 0,45
C 6 H 3 N 3 O 7 t CO 2 + 5CO + 1,5 N 2 + 1,5H 2 13,74 = 0,06 0,06 0,3 0,09 0,09 229 x = (0,06 + 0,3 + 0,09 + 0,09) = 0,54 (mol) p n C.
Cu 18: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro bng 23. Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2 gam. Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca propan -1 -ol trong X l
A. 65,2%
B. 16,3%
C. 48,9%
D. 83,7%
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 32 - phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi). Cu 19: Cho phn ng: 2C3H5-CHO + KOH C6H5-COOK + C6H5-CH2-OH. Phn ng ny chng t C6H5-CHO
A. Va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh B. Ch th hin tnh oxi ha C. Ch th hin tnh kh D. Khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxit ha
Hng dn gii:
+1 +3 1
2C 6 H 5 C HO + KOH C 6 H 5 C OOK + C 6 H 5 C H 2 OH p n A
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm FexOy v Cu bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d). Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 39,34%
B. 65,57%
C. 26,23%
D. 13,11%
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 47 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi). Cu 21: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 mol dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt thi gian thu c dung dch y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,25
B. 1,50
C. 1,25
D. 3,25

p CuSO 4 + H 2 O dd Cu + H 2SO 4 + 0,5O 2
(1)
a nFe = 0,3 mol Fe +
0,5a
64a + 16a = 8 a = 0,1 (mol) H 2SO 4 FeSO 4 + H 2 (2)
0,1 0,1 Fe + CuSO 4 FeSO 4 + Cu 0,2x - 0,1 0,2x - 0,1 0,2x - 0,1 (3)
Ta c: mkim loi = mCu(3) + mFe d = (0,2x - 0,1) x 64 + (0,3 - 0,2x) x 56 = 12,4
x = 1,25 (M) p n C
Cu 22: Trn 10,8 gam bt Al vi 34,8 gam bt Fe3O4 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Ha tan hon ton hn hp rn sau phn ng bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c 10,752 lt kh H2 (ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 80%
B. 90%
C. 70%
D. 60%
8 n Al = n Fe3O4 = 0,4(mol) C hai cht u ht nu H = 100% 3 8Al + Ban u: Phn ng: Kt thc: 0,4 8x (0,4-8x) 3 Fe3O4 4Al2O3 + 9Fe 0,15 3x (0,15-3x) 4x 4x 9x 9x
Khi phn ng vi H2SO4 long: 3 3 n H 2 = n Al + n Fe = x (0,4 8x ) + 9 x = 0,48 x = 0,04 (mol) 2 2
H=
8x x100% = 80% p n A. 0,4
Cu 23: Cho hn hp M gm anehit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hirocacbon Y, c tng s mol l 0,2 (s mol ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hirocacbon Y l
A. CH4
B. C2H2
C. H3H6
D. C2H4
n H 2O = n CO2 = 0,4 (mol) Y l anken hoc xicloankan: CnH2n (n 2) Loi phng n A v B

S nguyn t cacbon trung bnh = n CO2 nM
0,4 =2 0,2 3 +1 2
Trng hp 1: X l HCHO v Y l C3H6 Loi X v Y khng c s mol bng nhau v
p n D.
Cu 24: Cc dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng l:
A. glixerol, axit axetic, glucoz B. lng trng trng, fructoz, axeton C. anehit axetic, saccaroz, axit axetic. D. fructoz, axit acrylic, ancol etylic
Cch 1: Cc cht hu c tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng cn cha nhm chc -COOH hoc t nht hai nhm -OH lin k p n A. Cch 2: - Axeton khng c tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 Loi phng n B - Anehit axetic ch tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng
Loi phng n C.
- Ancol etylic khng tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 Loi phng n D.
p n A.
Cu 25: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO4 (long) ln lt vo cc dung dch FeCl2, FeSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l
.3
B. 5
C. 4
D. 6
Ch c cc cht c tnh kh mi c kh nng tc dng vi dung dch cha KMnO4 v H2SO4 (long): FeCl2, FeSO4, H2S, HCl (c) p n C. 5Fe2+ + MnO + 8H + 5Fe 3+ + Mn 2+ + 4H 2 O 4 5H 2S + 8MnO 5SO 2 + 8Mn 2+ + 10H + 4 4
10Cl + MnO 4 + 8H + Mn 2+ + 5Cl 2 +4H 2 O
Cu 26: Cc cht u khng b thy phn trong dung dch H2SO4 long nng l:
A. t capron; nilon-6,6; polietilen B. poli(vinyl axetat); polietilen; cao su buna C. nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephatalat); polistiren D. polietilen; cao su buna; polistiren
T nilon-6,6 v poli(vinyl axetat) b thy phn trong c mi trng axit v baz:

H ( HN [CH 2 ]6 NH CO [CH 2 ]4 CO )n + 2nH 2 O (hoc OH)
+
H (CH 2 CH )n + nH 2 O ( CH 2 CH )n + nCH 3 COOH

+
OOCCH 3 Loi phng n A, B v C
OH
p n D.
Cu 27: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt amin no, mch h X bng oxi va , thu c 0,5 mol hn hp Y gm kh v hi. Cho 4,6 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), s mol HCl phn ng l
A. 0,1 B. 0,4 C. 0,3 D. 0,2

Gi cng thc tng qut ca amin: CnH2n+2-x(NH2)x CnH2n+xNx
O CnH2n+2+xNx + nCO2 + (n+1+0,5x)H2O + 0,5xNx 2
nX: nY = 0,1 : 0,5 = 1 : 5 Chn ng h s theo phng trnh n + (n + 1 + 0,5x) + 0,5x = 5 2n + x = 5 n = 1; x = 2 tha mn nHCl = 2nX = 2 x 4,6 = 0,2 (mol) p n D. 46
Cu 28: Cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M tc dng vi 100ml dung dch AlCl3 nng x mol/l, thu c dung dch Y v 4,68 gam kt ta. Loi b kt ta, thm tip 175 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M vo Y, thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,2 B. 0,8 C. 0,9 D. 1,0

Khi thm 0,21 (mol) KOH vo tip thu c lng kt ta t hn ban u Phn ng to kt ta v kt ta b tan mt phn: n Al(OH )3 = 4,68 + 2,34 = 0,09(mol) 78
p dng bo ton nguyn t vi Al: 0,1 x = 0,09 + n [Al(OH ) ] 4 n [Al(OH ) ] = 0,1x - 0,09
4
Dung dch sau phn ng cha ion: K+ : 0,39 (mol); Cl-: 0,3x (mol); [Al(OH)4]- : 0,1x - 0,09 (mol) p dng nh lut bo ton in tch: 0,39 = 0,3x + 0,1x - 0,09 x = 1,2 (M)
p n A.
A. Dung dch m ck ca Na2SiO3 v KSiO3 c gi l thy tinh lng. B. m chy magie c th c dp tt bng ct kh. C. CF2Cl2 b cm s dng do khi thi ra kh quyn th ph hy tng ozon

D. Trong phng th nghim, N2 c iu ch bng cch un nng dung dch NH4NO2 bo ha
Hng dn gii:
2Mg + SiO2 t Si + 2MgO p n B.
0
Cu 30: C 4 dung dch ring bit: CuSO4, ZNCl2, FeCl3, AgNO3. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh Ni. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ha l
A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
Hng dn gii:
Khi nhng Ni vo cc dung dch mui ca kim loi ng sau Ni (CuSO4 v AgNO3) mi xy ra n mn in ha p n D.
Cu 31: Thy phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c X v Y (MX < MY). Bng mt phn ng c th chuyn ha X thnh Y. Cht Z khng th l
A. metyl propionat C. atyl axetat B. metyl axetat D. vinyl axetat
p n A.
Cu 32: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C5H10O2, phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 8 D. 9

C5H10O2 phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc L axit hoc este (khng to bi axit fomic) Axit (4 ng phn): CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH; CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH; CH3CH(CH3) CH2COOH; CH3C(CH3)2COOH Este (5 ng phn): CH3CH2CH2CH2COOCH3; CH3CH(CH3)COOCH3; CH3CH2COOC2H5; CH3COOCH2CH2CH3; CH3COOCH(CH3)2
p n D.
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200ml dung dch HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi X l
A. Mg v Ca B. Be v Mg C. Mg v Sr D. Be v Ca

nHCl = 0,25 (mol) 2,45 2,45 = 0,102 < n X < = 0,273 24 9 M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2 Hai kim loi phi l Be (M = 9) v Ca (M = 40) p n D
Cu 34: Cho cc cn bng sau:

(I) 2HI (k) H2(k) + I2(k); CaO (r) + CO2 (k); Fe (r) + CO2 (k); 2SO3 (k)
(II) CaCO3 (r)
(III) FeO (r) + CO (k) (IV) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)
Khi gim p sut ca h, s cn bng b chuyn dch theo chiu nghch l A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1

- Cc cn bng (I) v (III) c tng h s mol khi hai v bng nhau Khi thay i p sut ca h, cn bng khng b chuyn dch - Cn bng (II) khi gim p sut ca h, cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu tng p sut ca h (tc tng s mol kh) Chuyn dch theo chiu thun - Ch c cn bng (IV) tha mn bi ton.
p n D
Cu 35: Cho s chuyn ha: P2O5 + KOH X + H3PO 4 Y KOH Z
Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. K3PO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4 C. K3PO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4 B. KH2PO4, K2HPO4, K3PO4 D. KH2PO4, K3PO4, K2HPO4

X tc dng c vi H2PO4 Loi phng n B v D Y tc dng vi KOH S nguyn t H trong Z thu c phi t hn ca Y Loi phng n A.
p n C.
Cu 36: t chy hon ton m gam FeS2 bng mt lng O2 va , thu c kh X. Hp th ht X vo 1 lt dung dch Cha Ba(OH)2 0,15M v KOH 0,1M, thu c dung dch Y v 21,7 gam kt ta. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH, thy xut hin thm kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,2 B. 12,6 C. 18,0 D. 24,0
Hai ancol u cha hai nguyn t oxi p dng bo ton nguyn t vi O2, ta c: nX + n O2 + n H 2O 2 n O2 = 0,5 + 0,7 0,2 = 0,65(mol) 2
VO 2 = 0,65 x 22,4 = 14,56 (lt) p n A
Cu 39: Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c dung dch Y cha (m + 30,8) gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch Z cha (m + 36,5) gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 112,2 B, 165,6 C, 123,8 D, 171,0

X gm: Alanin: a(mol) v axit glutamic: b (mol) + Tc dng NaOH: x + 2y = + Tc dng HCl: x + y = 30,8 = 1,4 (*) 22
36,5 = 1 (**) 36,5
T (*) v (**) x = 0,6 (mol); y = 0,4 (mol) m = 0,6 x 89 + 0,4 x 147 = 112,2 (gam) p n A
Cu 40: Trong cc cht: xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl ete, s cht c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom l:
A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 3

Cc cht c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom l: xiclopropan, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat p n B.
Cu 41: Pht biu no sau y ng?

A. Khi un C2H5Br vi dung dch KOH ch thu c etilen. B. Dung dch phenol lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn thnh mu hng. C. Dy cc cht: C2H5Cl, C2H5Br, C2H5I c nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi.

C2H5Cl, C2H5Br, C2H5I c phn t khi tng dn (t tri qua phi) v u khng to lin kt hiro gia cc phn t nhit si tng dn (t tri qua phi) p n C.
Cu 42: Cho cc cp cht vi t l s mol tng ng nh sau:

(a) Fe3O4 v Cu (1 : 1); (c) Zn v Cu (1 : 1); (e) FeCl2 v Cu (2 : 1); (b) Sn v Zn (2 : 1); (d) Fe2(SO4)3 v Cu (1 : 1); (g) FeCl3 v Cu (1 : 1)
S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung dch HCl long nng l A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5

Cc cp cht: Fe3O4 v Cu (1 :1); Sn v Zn (2 : 1); Fe2(SO4)3 v Cu (1 : 1) tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl long nng, d p n C.
Cu 43: C bao nhiu cht hu c mch h dng iu ch 4-metylpentan-2-ol ch bng phn ng cng H2 (xc tc Ni, t0)?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4

+ H (Ni. t ) X 2 CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3
0

OH CH3
X l xeton (no, cha no) v ancol (cha no) c cu to cacbon ging 4-metylpenta-2-ol, gm: CH2=CH(CH3)CH2COCH3; (CH3)2CH=CHCOCH3; (CH3)2CH2CH2COCH3; CH2=CH(CH3)CH2CH(OH)CH3; (CH3)2=CHCH(OH)CH3; p n B.
Cu 44: Hn hp M gm cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp hai ln s mol Y) v este Z c to ra t X v Y. Cho mt lng M tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH, to ra 16,4 gam mui v 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l
A. HCOOH v CH3OH A. HCOOH v CH3OH B. CH3COOH v CH3OH A. CH3COOH v C2H5OH

R1COOH : 2a (mol) ; R2OH : a (mol); R2COOR2: b (mol) n R1COONa = n NaOH 2a + b = 0,2 M R1COONa = Loi phng n A v C. n R 2OH = a + b < 0,2 M R 2OH > p n D.
Cu 45: Dung dch X cha ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO 3 v Cl-, trong s mol ca ion Cl- l 0,1. 1 1 Cho dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho 2 2 dung dch X cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n cn dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
16,4 = 82 CH 3COONa 0,2
8,05 = 40,25 Loi phng n B. 0,2
A. 9,21
B. 9,26
C. 8,79
D. 7,47

n Ca 2+ = 2 x 2 3 = 0,04 (mol); n HCO = 2x = 0,06(mol) 3 100 100
p dng bo ton in tch: 0,04x2 + n Na + = 0,06 + 0,1 n Na + = 0,08 (mol)

2 Khi c cn: 2HCO 3 t CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O
0
0,06 p n C.
0,03
m = 0,04 x 40 + 0,08 x 23 + 0,03 x 60 + 0,1 x 35,5 = 8,79 (gam)
Cu 46: Hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3. Ha tan hon ton 44 gam X bng dung dch HCl (d), sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khc, nu kh hon ton 22 gam X bng CO (d), cho hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng li t t qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l

A. 76,755 O 2 (oxit ) 2Cl n O2 (oxit ) = 85,25 44 = 0,75(mol) (71 16) B. 73,875 C. 147,750 D. 78,875
CO + O(oxit) = 0,375 x 197 = 73,875 (gam) p n B.
Cu 47: Cho mt s nhn nh v nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh nh sau:

(1) Do hot ng ca ni la (2) Do kh thi cng nghip, kh thi sinh hot. (3) Do kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng. (4) Do kh sinh ra t qu trnh quang hp ca cy xanh. (5) Do nng cao ca cc ion kim loi: Pb2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, trong cc ngun nc. Nhng nhn nh ng l: A. (1), (2), (3) B. (2), (3), (5) C. (1), (2), (4) D. (2), (3), (4)

- Kh sinh ra t qu trnh quang hp ca cy xanh l kh sch, khng gy nhim Loi phng n C v D - Nng cao ca cc ion kim loi: Pb2+, Hf2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, trong cc ngun nc gy nhim ngun nc, khng gy nhim mi trng khng kh Loi phng n B p n A.
Cu 48: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu c 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol alanin (Ala), 1 mol valin (Val) v 1 mol phenylalanin (Phe). Thy phn khng hon ton X thu c ipeptit Val-Phe v tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val nhng khng thu c ipeptt Gly-Gly. Cht X c cng thc l
A. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val A. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly B. Gly- Ala-Val-Val-Phe A. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Gly

Pentapeptit X Gly + Ala + Val + Phe 1 Loi phng n B X Val-Phe + Gly-Ala-Val Loi phng n D. Khi thy phn X khng thu c ipeptit Gly-Gly Loi phng n A. p n C. 2 1 1 1

Cu 49: Hn hp X gm Cu, Zn. t chy hon ton m gam X trong oxi (d), thu c 40,3 gam hn hp gm CuO v ZnO. Mt khc, nu cho 0,25 mol X phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch KOH long nng, th thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 19,81% B. 29,72% C. 39,63% D. 59,44%

Zn + 2KOH K2ZnO2 + H2 0,15 0,15 n Zn 0,15 3 = = n Cu 0,1 2 n Cu = 0,25 0,15 = 0,1(mol)
Trong 40,3 gam X, t nZn = 3a (mol); nCu = 2a (mol) 81 x 3a + 80 x 2x = 40,3 a = 0,1 (mol) %Cu = 0,1x 64 x100% = 39,63% p n C. 0,1x 64 + 0,15x 65
Ghi ch: C th khng cn dng n d kin X tc dng vi oxi to 40,3 gam hn hp oxit Zn + 2KOH K2ZnO2 + H2 0,15 0,15 0,1x 64 x100% = 39,63% p n C. 0,1x 64 + 0,15x 65 nCu = 0,25 - 0,15 = 0,1 (mol) %Cu =
Cu 50: Cho cc cht: (a) axit picric; (2) cumen; (3) xiclohexanol; (4) 1,2-ihiroxi-4metylbenzen; (5) 4-metylphenol; (6) -naphtol. Cc cht thuc loi phenol l:
A. (1), (3), (5), (6). C. (1), (2), (4), (5) B. (1), (2), (4), (6) D. (1), (4), (5), (6)

- Phenol l hp cht hu c c nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen H3C-CH-CH3 cumen p n D. OH xiclohexanol
Cumen v xiclohexanol khng phi l phenol Loi phng n A, B v C
Cu 51: Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO3)2 vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H2SO4 (Long). Sau khi cc phn ng ca hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 6,72 B. 8,96 C. 4,48 D. 10,08

n NO = 1,2(mol); n H + = 1,8(mol) . Nu Cu v Fe2+ tham gia phn ng ht:
3
nelectron (nhn) = 0,3 x 2 + 0,6 x 1 = 1,2 (mol)

4H+ + NO 3 + 3e NO + 2H2O
4H + + NO 3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O + H (d); NO 3 (d) 1,8 0,45 1,35
n NO =
1 1,2 = 0,4 (mol) VNO = 8,96 (lt) p n B. nelectron (nhn) = 3 3

A. Trong mi trng kim, mui Cr(III) c tnh kh v b cc cht oxi ha mnh chuyn thnh mui Cr(VI). B. Do Pb2+ ng trc 2H+/H2 trong dy in ha nn Pb d dng phn ng vi dung dch HCl long ngui, gii phng kh H2. C. CuO nung nng khi tc dng vi NH3 hoc CO, u thu c Cu. D. Ag khng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 long nhng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng. p n B.
Cu 53: Dung dch axit fomic 0,007M c pH = 3. Kt lun no sau y khng ng

A. Khi pha long 10 ln dung dch trn th thu c dung dch c pH = 4. B. in li ca axit fomic s gim khi thm dung dch HCl. C. Khi pha long dung dch trn th in li ca axit fomic tng. D. in li ca axit fomic trong dung dch trn l 14,29%.

Cch 1: Phn tch, tnh loi tr phng n cha ng Khi pha long, in li tng Loi phng n C HCOOH HCOO- + H+ 10-3 10-3 10-3 =
10 3 x100% = 14,29% Loi phng n D 0,007
- Khi thm dung dch HCl Lm tng nng H+ Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch in li gim Loi phng n B. p n A. Cch 2: Phn tch, chn trc tip phng n cha ng V HCOOH l axit yu, phn li khng hon ton khi pha long 10 ln, dung dch thu c s c pH ln hn 4 p n A.
Cu 54: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phnt C5H10O. Cht X khng phn ng vi Na, tha mn s chuyn ha sau:
dac X H 2 / C Y CH 3COOH / H 2SO 4 Este c mi chui chn. Ni
0
Tn ca X l

A. pentanal C. 2,2-imetulpropanal B. 2-metylbutanal D. 3-metylbutanal

c V Y CH 3COOH / H 2SO 4 Este c mi chui chn
Y l ancol isoamylic: CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-OH Ni , t C X H 2 / Y X c cu to mch cacbon ging Y X l CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CHO p n D

0
Cu 55: nh gi s nhim kim loi nng trong nc thi ca mt nh my, ngi ta ly mt t nc, c c ri thm dung dch Na2S vo thy xut hin kt ta mu vng. Hin tng trn chng t nc thi b nhim bi ion
A. Fe2+ B. Cu2+ C. Pb2+ D. Cd2+
Hng dn gii:
Cd2+ + S2- CdS vng p n D. (FeS, CuS v PbS u kt ta en).
t t C Cu 56: Cho s phn ng: Stiren + H 2O / H C X CuO Y Br2 / Z , , H
+
0 0
Trong X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, C6H5COCH2Br. B. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, C6H5CH2COOH. C. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, m-BrC6H4CH2COOH. D. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, m-BrC6H4COCH3.

- V X l sn phm chnh Loi phng n B v C - V Z l cc sn phm chnh Loi phng n D p n A.
Cu 57: Trung ha hon ton 8,88 gam mt amin (bc mt, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh) bng axit HCl, to ra 17,64 gam mui. Amin c cng thc l
A. H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2 C. H2NCH2CH2NH2 B. CH3CH2CH2NH2 D. H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2
Xem phn tch v hng dn gii (V d 33 - Phn th nht: Phn tch, la chn phng php gii nhanh v mt s th thut lm bi)
Cu 58: Cho s chuyn ha: Fe3O4 + dung dch HI (d) X + Y + H2O. Bit X v Y l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh chuyn ha. Cc cht X v Y l
A. Fe v I2 B. FeI3 v FeI2 C. FeI2 v I2 D. FeI3 v I2

Fe3O4 + 8HI FeI2 + 2FeI3 + 4H2O V: I Fe 2+ Fe 3+ < 2 < 2+ Loi phng n A, B v D p n C. Fe 2I Fe
(Fe 3+ + I d Fe2+ + I2)
Cu 59: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm ba ancol (n chc thuc cng dy ng ng), thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng m gam X vi H2SO4 c th tng khi lng ete ti a thu c l
A. 7,85 gam B. 7,40 gam C. 6,50 gam D, 5,60 gam

n CO 2 = 0,4 < n H 2O = 0,65 Cc ancol u no, mch h nX = n H 2O n CO 2 = 0,15 (mol) n X = m C + m H + m O = 0,4 x 12 + 0,65 x 2 + 0,15 x 16 = 10,1 (gam) 2ROH ROR + H 2 O 0,25 0,125 p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: mancol = mete + m H 2O mete = 10,1 - 0,125 x 18 = 7,85 (gam) p n A.
Cu 60: Cht X c cc c im sau: phn t c nhiu nhm -OH, c v ngt, ha tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng, phn t c lin kt glicozit, lm mt mu nc brom. Cht X l
A. xenluloz B. mantoz C. glucoz D. saccaroz

V X c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch brom Loi phng n A, C v D (khng cha ni i hoc nhm chc -CHO). p n B.

Phan Tich Mot So de Thi

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phan Tich Mot So de Thi

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

Khi trn dung dch X vi dung dch Y: H + + OH H 2 O 0,03 0,03

0,01 = 0,1 = 10 1 (M ) 0,1

Phn tch. hng dn gii:

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

Hiu sut phn ng tnh theo N2. Chn nX = 1 n N 2 = 0,2 (mol)

M X n Y 1,8 = = = 0,9 nY = 0,9 (mol) MY nX 2

H = 100% s mol kh gim = 2n N 2 = 0,4 (mol) H p n D. (1 - 0,9) = 0,1 (mol)

0,1 100% = 25% 0,4

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

(2) SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

Cu 6: Cho cn bng: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)

Khi tng nhit th t khi ca hn hp kh so vi H2 gim i. Pht biu ng khi ni v cn bng ny l:

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

7,0 11,82 0,07(mol) > n BaCO3 = = 0,06(mol) 100 197

2 Dung dch X c cha ng thi CO 3 ; CHO 3 : x (mol)

Sau (1): NaOH phn ng ht; NaHCO3 cn d n CO 2 = 2 xn BaCO3 = 0,12 (mol)

n CO 2 = (0,12 + 0,5x ) = 2n CaCO3 = 0,14 x =0,04 (mol)

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

n NaOH = n CO 2 (1) = 0,12 m = 0,12 x 40 = 48 (gam)

B. C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH D. CH3OH, C2H5OH

a + b = 0,06 a = 0,05 4a + 2b = 0,22 b = 0,01

mancol = 32 x 0,05 + (R + 31) x 0,01 = 2,2 R = 29 (-C2H5) R = 29 (-C2H5) p n C.

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

H 2 + F2 2HF Phn ng c th xy ra trong bng ti hoc -2520C => p n A

280 x (10,08x 2) = 0,252(gam)(gam) 22400

B. (2), (3), (4).

C. (1), (4), (5)

D. (2), (5), (6)

- Au, Pt khng b oxi ha bi oxi => Loi phng n A => p n C Cu + Cu(NO3)2 ?

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

(1) (2) (*)

Cc cng thc tha mn l: CH3COOH; HCOOCH3 v HOCH2CHO p n A. C2H4O2 c bt bo ha = 2x 2 + 2 2 =1 2

Da vo ng dng ca kim loi nhm 1A (hoc kin thc vt l) p n B.

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

Phenol l mt axit yu tan t trong nc Tan t trong dung dch HCl p n B.

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

Gi 3 aminoaxit to ra tng ng l X1, X2 v X3 C cc loi tripeptit (mch h) nh sau:

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

5,4 3,808 = 0,17(mol); n H 2O = = 0,3(mol) 18 22,4

n H 2O > n CO 2 Ancol no, mch h

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

C mt ancol l CH3OH (n chc) Hn hp gm cc ancol n chc cng thc tng qut C n H 2n + 2 O

Cch 3: n CO 2 = 5,4 3,808 = 0,17(mol); n H 2O = = 0,3(mol) 18 22,4

V hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t 75% mcumen = 300 x p n C.

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

0,6 43,6 = 72,67 Mui th nht l HCOONa (M = 68) 0,6

TH2: nHCOONa = 2nRCOONa = 0,4 (mol)

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

Hai kim loi ln lt l Na (23) v Mg (24) p n A.

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

2M + H 2 O 2M(OH )n + nH 2 Nhn thy: n OH = 2n H 2 = 0,24(mol)

mmui = 8,94 + 0,04 x 96 + 0,16 x 35,5 = 18,46 (gam) p n B.

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

V E l este a chc T l axit a chc C3H6 phi l xiclopropan Y l propan-1,3-iol p n A.

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

Y tc dng vi HCl Y l C17H35COONa p n D.

- Trong hp cht flo ch c s oxi ha duy nht l -1 p n C.

Bi vit c ng ti trn website http://thaytrunghieu.com