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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM


VIN CNG NGH SINH HC-THC PHM

Ti

TP.HCM,thng 10 nm 2010
B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM
VIN CNG NGH SINH HC-THC PHM

Ti

GVHD:
PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng
Nhm thc hin:
Nhm 4
Danh sch nhm:
0826392
1. L Khnh Duy
1
0823769
2. Nguyn Php
1
0820395
3. Trn Th Minh Thy 1
0823679
4. Trn Th Thu
1
0822245
5. Trn Vn Thit
1
0823311
6. L Th M Ngc
1
0826392
7. Nguyn Vit Thnh
1
0824175
8. Nhan Minh Tr
1
0825682
9. Tng Th Thanh Thy 1
0823125
10. Trn Thnh Trung
1

TP.HCM,thng 10 nm 2010

Nhn xt ca ging vin


Tr Atiso c m >5%
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MC LC
I. M U......................................................................................................................................1
1 Cy Atis......................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Ngun gc..................................................................................................................................1
1.2 c im thc vt......................................................................................................................2
1.3 a l phn b............................................................................................................................2
1.4 Thnh phn ha hc...................................................................................................................2
1.4.1 L Atis cha..........................................................................................................................2
1.4.2 Hoa Atis................................................................................................................................3
1.4.3 R............................................................................................................................................3
2. t vn ....................................................................................................................................3
3. Gii quyt vn .........................................................................................................................4
II. NI DUNG.................................................................................................................................4
1 Bo qun hoa atis........................................................................................................................4
2 Ch bin tr Atis.........................................................................................................................5
2.1 Lm ho.....................................................................................................................................5
2.1.1 Mc ch.................................................................................................................................5
2.1.2 Nhng bin i cua nguyn liu che khi c lam heo..........................................................5
2.1.3 iu kin ky thut...................................................................................................................6
2.2 V v ln men atis...................................................................................................................7
2.2.1 Muc ich.................................................................................................................................7
2.2.2 Nhng bin i xay ra khi vo.................................................................................................7
2.2.3 Ky thut vo atis.....................................................................................................................8
2.2.4 Yu cu ky thut.....................................................................................................................8
2.3 Sy kh......................................................................................................................................9
2.3.1 Muc ich:................................................................................................................................9
2.3.2 Yu cu...................................................................................................................................9
2.3.3 Nhng bin i cua che ln men khi sy................................................................................9
2.3.4 iu kin ky thut:..................................................................................................................9
2.4 Phn loai, u trn, ong hp va bao quan thanh phm..........................................................10
3. Sn xut dc phm...................................................................................................................10
3.1 nh hng ca atis ln sc khe con ngi..........................................................................10
3.1.1 Giu vitamin v cht khong................................................................................................10
3.1.2 Tt cho h tiu ho................................................................................................................11
3.1.3 Gim cholesterol v bnh tim...............................................................................................11
3.1.4. Gim lng ng mu.......................................................................................................11
3.2 Tc dng dc l.....................................................................................................................11
3.3 Ch tr......................................................................................................................................11
3.4 Mt s dc phm c thnh phn t Atis..............................................................................12
3.4.1 Nagantec...............................................................................................................................12
3.4.2 Comcophytol.........................................................................................................................12
3.4.3 Mt gan gii c...................................................................................................................12
4. Ch bin thc phm...................................................................................................................12
4.1 Canh atis hm to ..............................................................................................................13

4.1.1 Nguyn liu...........................................................................................................................13


4.1.2 Cch nu...............................................................................................................................13
4.2 Atis hm gi heo....................................................................................................................14
4.2.1 Nguyn liu...........................................................................................................................14
4.2.2 Ch bin................................................................................................................................14
4.2.3 Thng thc..........................................................................................................................14
4.3 Tht nhi atis..........................................................................................................................14
4.3.1 Nguyn liu...........................................................................................................................14
4.3.2 Cch lm...............................................................................................................................15
5. Bao gi bo qun v marketing.................................................................................................15
5.1 Tm quan trng ca bao gi....................................................................................................15
5.2 Yu cu i vi bao b.............................................................................................................16
5.3 S cn thit xy dng Thng hiu cho sn phm ch...........................................................17
5.4 Phng php to dng thng hiu.........................................................................................17
III. KT LUN..............................................................................................................................17
1. Vai tr Cng ngh sau thu hoch...............................................................................................17
2. Gii thiu mt s Cng ty sn xut Atiso..................................................................................18
TI LIU THAM KHO.............................................................................................................20

Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

I. M U
Trong bt ngn cc loi hoa tri, rau
xanh, cy atis c bit n nh mt loi
dc tho c bit Lm ng. Trong tit tri
du nh, nhng vt atis n tr bng tri
dc theo trin i thp thong, lm cho sc
mu vng cao nguyn thm lng ly, tr
ph
Theo t in dc hc: Nhiu th k nay, cy
Atis c bit n nh l mt cy thuc li
mt. V thuc Atis v cc ch phm t Atis
to nn mt nhn t kinh in ca thc vt liu php nhm kch thch tiu ha v
tng cng cc chc nng bi tit. Cy Atis cn non c th luc chn hay nu
canh n, nhng b phn thng c dng lm rau l cm hoa. Bng Atis l loi
rau cao cp, khi nu chn rt d tiu ha dng tr au gan, gim au d dy, rt cn
cho nhng ngi b bnh i ng. Cn l v thn ca atis c ch nh dng
cha thiu nng gan, chng vng da, chng tng cholesterol-huyt, s va ng
mch
Khng nhng em li hiu qu cao trong tr bnh, cy Atis cn rt d s
dng. C th dng ti hay kh, sc nc hay nu thnh cao cn c dng chit ti
bng cn hoc lm cn thuc. Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu ch phm t
Atis nh cao, cynaraphytol vin, thuc nc ng ng Actisamin v thng
dng nht l tr Atis dng ha tan hay ti lc.
1 Cy Atis
1.1 Ngun gc
Atis (tn khoa hc: Cynara scolymus) l loi cy l gai lu nm c ngun gc
t min Nam chu u (quanh a Trung Hi) c ngi C Hy Lp v C La
M trng ly hoa lm rau n. Atis c th cao ln ti 1,5 n 2 mt, l cy di t
50-80 cm.
Nhng cy Atis c trng u tin quanh Naples vo gia th k 15. N
c Catherine de Medici gii thiu ti nc Php trong th k 16, sau , ngi
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

H Lan mang n n Anh. Atis tip tc c mang ti M trong th k 19 bi


nhng ngi n nhp c: bang Louisiana bi ngi Php v bang California bi
ngi Ty Ban Nha. Ngy nay, atis c trng ch yu Php, v Ty Ban
Nha, M v cc nc M Latinh. Atis du thc vo Vit Nam u th k 20, c
trng Sa Pa, Tam o, nhiu nht l Lt. Tn gi ca n l s phin m
sang ting Vit ca t ting Php artichaut.
1.2 c im thc vt
Atis l cy tho ln, cao 1 - 1,2m, c th n 2m. Thn ngn, thng v cng,
c kha dc, ph lng trng nh bng. L to, di, mc so le; phin l x thy su v
c rng khng u, mt trn xanh lc mt di c lng trng, cung l to v ngn.
Cm hoa hnh u, to, mc ngn, mu tm hoc tm l nht, l bc ngoi ca
cm hoa rng, dy v nhn, cm hoa nc ph y lng t, mang ton hoa hnh
ng. Qu nhn bng, mu nu sm c mo lng trng.
1.3 a l phn b
Atis l cy thuc ngun gc a Trung Hi, c ngi Php di thc vo
trng Vit Nam t hng trm nm nay cc vng c kh hu n i nh Lt
(Lm ng), Sapa (Lo Cai), Tam o (Vnh Phc). n nay Atis c pht
trin trng nhiu ni, k c vng ng bng nh Hi Dng cy vn pht trin
tt.
1.4 Thnh phn ha hc
Hot cht chnh ca atis l cynarine (Acide 1- 4 dicafin quinic). Ngoi ra cn
c inulin, inulinaza, tamin, cc mui hu c ca cc kim loi Kali, Canxi, Magi,
Natri...
1.4.1 L Atis cha
Acid hu c bao gm:
Acid Phenol: Cynarin (acid 1 - 3 Dicafeyl Quinic) v cc sn phm ca s
thy phn (Acid Cafeic, acid Clorogenic, acid Neoclorogenic).
Acid Alcol.
Acid Succinic.
Hp cht Flavonoid (dn cht ca Luteolin), bao gm: Cynarozid ( Luteolin - 7
- D Glucpyranozid), Scolymozid (Luteolin - 7 - Rutinozid - 3 - Glucozid).
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

Thnh phn khc: Cynaopicrin l cht c v ng, thuc nhm Guaianolid.


L cha nhiu hot cht nht: 1,23% Polyphenol, Clorogenic acid 4%, hp cht
Flavonoid (c bit l Rutin), sau n thn (0,75%), r (0,54%). Dn cht
Caffeic nh Clonogenic acid, Neoclorogenic acid, Cyptoclorogenic acid, Cynarin.
Sesquiterpen lacton: Cynarpicrin, Dehydrocynaropicrin, Grossheimin, Cynatriol.
Hot cht trong phin l cao gp 10 ln trong cung l.
L non cha nhiu hot cht hn l mc thnh hnh hoa th mt t. Nu sy
nhit cao th l mau kh nhng li mau mt hot cht. nhit thp, vic
lm kh s lu hn. L cn c n nh trc ri mi chuyn thnh dng bo ch.
Ngn c hoa cha Inulin, Protein (3,6%), du bo (0,1%), Carbon Hydrat (16%),
cht v c (1,8%0, Ca (0,12%), P (0,10%), Fe (2,3mg/100g), Caroten (60
Unit/100g tnh ra Vitamin A).
Thn v l cn cha mui hu c ca cc kim loi K, Ca, Mg, Na. Hm lng
Kali rt cao.
1.4.2 Hoa Atis
Hoa Atis n rt tt cho sc khe, n cung cp khong 9,3% carbohydrate,
1,5% cht x, rt t cht bo v protein. Nng lng cung cp rt thp, ch khong
40 n 50 kcal nhng li rt giu vitamin v cht khong nh potassium,
phosphorus, calcium, sodium, sulphor v magnesium. Hoa c bit thch hp cho
ngi b i tho ng do c rt t ng. Hoa cng gip thi bt cht c cho
nhng ngi mt cn bng do ung nhiu ru.
1.4.3 R
R hu nh khng c dn cht ca Cafeic acid, bao gm c Clorogenic acid v
Sesquiterpen lacton. R ch u thng tiu ch khng c tc dng tng tit mt
(Herbal Medicine 1999).
2. t vn
Hoa v cm l bc Atis dng lm rau n, rt b, thch hp vi bnh nhn i
tho, ngoi ra cn c tc dng nhun gan, nhun trng, li tiu, gii c. L Actis
(v cc ch phm chit sut ton phn nh cao lng, cao c, cao kh Actis) c
tc dng li tiu, tng tit mt, thng mt, h cholesterol mu.
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

Atis c trng ch yu Lt nhng nhu cu c mi ni. Trong cuc


sng hin i, mi trng ngy cng nhim nh hng n sc khe v i sng
con ngi cng vi ch n ung hi h, khng hp l s ngi mc bnh tiu
ng, cholesterol trong mu, nng trong ngi, ngy cng nhiu.
Vn t ra l lm sao c th a sn phm Atis vi cht lng tt nht n
ngi tiu dng.
3. Gii quyt vn
Cng vi s pht trin ca Cng ngh sau thu hoch, Cng ngh bo qunch
bin gp phn quan trng a sn phm c cht lng n ngi tiu dng vi
nhiu hnh thc khc nhau: dng ti, thuc di dng nc hay vin, tr, gp
phn p ng nhu cu th trng v sc khe tiu dng.
II. NI DUNG
1 Bo qun hoa atis
Hoa atis ti c th dng nh mt loi
rau c v thuc, dng ch bin cc mn
n nh atis nhi tht, salad, ais hm to
, atis hm gi heo.
Nhng iu quan trng l atis Vit Nam
ch yu ch c trng Lt, nhng
nhu cu ca mi ngi l khp ni.
Chnh v vy cng ngh sau thu hoch cn phi gii quyt vn n bo qun v vn
chuyn atis t Lt n ni cn thit v vn gi c ti ca atis, c v
hnh thc v cht lng.
K thut bo qun hoa atis: hoa atis ra sch v chn bng hi nc si
nhit 100oC trong 5 pht sau bi dung dch Ca(OH)2 bo ha vo vt ct
cung sau phun u dung dch axit citric 1% vo cm hoa. a sn phm vo
kho lnh bo qun nhit t 0 - 2 oC, m khng kh t 90-95%. Sau 30
ngy bo qun, t l h hng l 10%, t l gim khi lng 5% v Brix tng t
5,2% n 9,24%.

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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

2 Ch bin tr Atis

Actis ti

Ty vo nh sn
Lm ho
xut v nhu cu
ngi tiu dng
V
m nhiu loi tr
atis vi t l l,
Ln men
bng, thn, r
khc nhau c b sung c ngt, cam tho,
Sy kh
c sn xut nhm p ng mi yu cu th
trng. Nhn chung quy trnh sn xut tr atis
Phn loi v ng gi
c th c tm tt nh sau:
2.1 Lm ho
Sn phm
2.1.1 Mc ch
Atis nguyn liu sau khi thu hai v co cha nhiu nc. Nu em tin hanh vo
ngay thi atis se bi nat, nc thoat ra mang theo mt s cht hoa tan lam anh
hng n cht lng tr thanh phm. Do o, lam heo cho lng nc trong
atis nguyn liu bay hi bt, nguyn liu tr nn mm va deo dai hn. Ngoai ra,
do lng nc giam i ma ham lng cht kh trong nguyn liu tr nn m c
hn, t o tng cng kha nng hoat ng cua cac enzym co trong nguyn liu.
2.1.2 Nhng bin i cua nguyn liu che khi c lam heo
Bc hi nc: khi lam heo, nc se bc hi va no se i qua cac mao quan ra
ngoai lam cho la atis mm va deo dai hn. Khi lng va th tich nguyn liu
giam. Qua trinh nay chia lam ba giai oan:
+ Bc hi nc t do: tc bc hi nhanh, chim 15 - 20 % tng lng
nc co trong nguyn liu.
+ Tc bc hi chm vi nc cac dich bao bi can tr bi cac dich keo co
trong la che.
+ T bao mt kha nng hoat ng binh thng, lng nc bay hi tip tuc
giam.
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

Qua ba giai oan nay ta thy khng th lam heo nguyn liu che giai oan
cui vi tc ln vi nh vy se lam chay nguyn liu do tc bay hi trn mt
nguyn liu che khng phu hp vi tc dich chuyn cua nc trong h thng
ng mao quan trong moi phn cua cac m la.
Cang keo dai thi gian lam heo, cht lng tr thanh phm se giam do ham
lng tanin co trong atis nguyn liu giam.
Trong qua trinh lam heo, ham lng clorofin trong nguyn liu giam, iu nay
rt co li trong san xut vi mau xanh cua clorofin se lam cho mau sc cua nc pha
khng ep.
Trong qua trinh lam heo, ham lng vitamin C giam (cht chng oxy hoa), do
o lam tng qua trinh oxy hoa sc t antoxianidin tao ra nhng san phm tan c
trong nc lam cho mau sc cua nc pha tr tr nn ep.
Qua trinh lam heo chu yu la qua trinh vt ly, nhng bin i sinh hoa xay ra
trong qua trinh nay cung co nhng khng nhiu.
2.1.3 iu kin ky thut
Nhit va m tng i cua khng khi: hai yu t nay anh hng ln n
tc lam heo. Nu lam heo chm thi cht kh tn hao t 4 - 5 %.
Nu m khng khi thp thi tc lam heo nhanh, nhng nu thp qua thi
vic lam heo se khng u. Thc t nu lam heo t nhin thi m khng khi <
60 %. Nu lam heo nhn tao thi m khng khi 28-30% la tt.
Nu nhit cao, tc lam heo se nhanh, nhng nu nhit qua cao se anh
hng n hoat tinh cua cac enzym co trong nguyn liu va nhit cao, cac
cht hng tao thanh se khng tich luy c, cac cht bay hi co mui thm bi tn
tht lam giam cht lng tr thanh phm. Do o, nhit lam heo thng la 40450C.
iu kin lu thng khng khi: lu thng khng khi nhm muc ich giam m
cua mi trng lam heo. Trong qua trinh lam heo, m trong nguyn liu thoat ra
lam mi trng lam heo nhanh chong bao hoa nc. Vi th cn phai lu thng
khng khi cua mi trng lam heo tng tc lam heo ng thi cp cho
nguyn liu che mt lng oxy cn thit cho qua trinh sinh hoa xay ra trong qua
trinh nay. Ngi ta khng ch tc lu chuyn khng khi khoang 2m/s.
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

ng nht cua nguyn liu: tc thoat hi nc nhng phn non, gia


cua nguyn liu co khac nhau, do o trc khi lam heo cn phai phn loai vi
nguyn liu non thng heo trc.
2.2 V v ln men atis
2.2.1 Muc ich
Vo lam dp cac t chc t bao cac m lam cac thanh phn trong nguyn liu
thoat ra b mt sau khi sy cac dich bao se bam ln b mt nguyn liu lam cho
canh tr ong anh hn va d dang hoa tan vao nc pha tao ra hng vi c trng.
Hn na, do dich bao thoat ra ngoai nn tanin va cac hp cht hu c khac co iu
kin tip xuc vi oxy khng khi xay ra qua trinh oxy hoa tao ra mui vi, hng va
mau sc cua san phm.
Vo lam cho la bi cun lai, tao hinh dang ep, giam th tich, d dang cho vn
chuyn va bao quan.
ng thi qu trnh ln men cng xy ra lm atis mt i mau xanh v mi
hng, co mui thm diu, khng con vi chat.
2.2.2 Nhng bin i xay ra khi vo
Trong khi vo, cac thanh phn trong atis heo u v co nhng bin i ang
k:
Khi t bao atis bi vo dp thi lng oxy thm nhp vao nguyn liu tng gp ba
ln so vi khi cha vo. iu nay co th nhn thy qua s oxy hoa manh tanin trong
nguyn liu di xuc tac cua cac men oxy hoa tao nn cac san phm mau. Qu
trnh v thng chia thnh nhiu ln, mau atis heo t xanh vang chuyn sang mau
hung hung o, sau chuyn sang mau ng o.
Trong qua trinh vo, lng tanin giam lin tuc, nu trong atis heo ham lng
tanin la 23,6 % thi sau ln vo I se con 23,3 %, sau ln vo II con 19,8 % va sau ln
vo III con 17,5 %.
Trong qua trinh vo, ham lng clorofin giam ro rt, nu xem ham lng
clorofin trong atis heo la 100 % thi sau khi vo ba ln, ham lng clorofin chi con
30 %. iu nay rt thun li cho san xut tr atis.

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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

Trong qua trinh vo, ham lng cac cht bay hi tao hng thm tng ln ro rt.
Trong qua trinh nay co s tich ly cac san phm d bay hi nh: benzaldehyt,
benzylphenol, hexanol...
Ham lng pectin giam trong khi vo che. Trong che heo, ham lng pectin
khoang 3,4 %, sau khi vo con 2,2 %. Nguyn nhn la do co s ln men xay ra trong
khi vo atis, mt phn hydrat pectin bin thanh axit pectin lam cho ham lng
pectin giam.
Ham lng vitamin C cung giam rt nhiu sau khi vo.
Ngoai ra, trong khi vo heo co nhng bin i vt ly quan trong, nhng phin la
xon cht, thng va nho, anh bong tao nn ngoai hinh ep cho san phm.
2.2.3 Ky thut vo atis: co hai phng phap vo:
Vo thu cng: cho atis heo vao trong cac tui vai tha ri dung tay vo,
phng phap nay it c dung trong san xut hin i.
Vo c gii: phng phap nay cho cht lng san phm cao, nng sut ln. Qua
trinh vo c thc hin trong nhng may vo, may vo gm mt thung hinh tru
cha atis a lam heo, ban vo t ay thung co b tri ca thao atis a vo, trn
ban vo co nhiu thanh g tao nn nhng lc xon cun khi atis khi vo. Nh
co h thng ga ma thung vo co th chuyn ng tron, lui ti trn mt phng cua
ay thung vo, ban vo ng yn hoc cung chuyn ng tron, lui ti trn mt phng
song song vi mt phng cua ay thung vo nhng theo hng ngc lai.
2.2.4 Yu cu ky thut
Lng atis heo a vao may vo: Tuy thuc vao th tich cua thung vo, trong
thc t, lng atis heo a vao thung vo chim 75- 85 % th tich cua thung vo.
Nu lng atis heo a vao may vo qua nhiu thi vic vo atis se khng u va
tan nhit se khng tt, gy anh hng n cht lng san phm. Nu lng atis
heo a vao may vo qua it thi nng sut may vo se giam va ap lc vo c tao ra
do trong lng ban thn khi atis se giam nn kho lam atis xon kt ep.
Tc quay cua mm vo: tc quay cua mm vo co anh hng n cht
lng thanh phm. Tuy theo cht lng atis heo em vo va iu kin cua phong
vo ma khng ch tc quay cua mm vo cho thich hp. Nu tc quay cua
mm vo qua ln thi atis d gay vun nhng co u in la rut ngn c thi gian
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

vo va cht lng cua san phm tt hn. Ngc lai, nu tc quay cua mm vo
nho thi co u im la atis khng bi t oan nhng thi gian vo se keo dai, nng
sut vo thp, atis vo trong may d phat nhit gy anh hng n cht lng san
phm. Do o, nu may vo va phong vo co h thng thng gio tt, co th dung tc
vo nho, ngc lai, phai tin hanh vo nhanh.
Thi gian vo: nu tc vo ln thi thi gian vo giam. Tuy nhin cn phai lam
th nao qua trinh vo at c nhng yu cu ra v dp t bao, ti l vun
nat.... B phn gia thi cn thi gian vo ln hn la b phn non.
Ap lc vo: nu ap lc vo qua ln thi atis d bi tn thng, che vun nhiu,
ngc lai nu ap lc vo qua nho thi qua trinh vo se khng trit , mau nc pha
tr thanh phm se nhat, ba tr co nhng m xanh.
2.3 Sy kh
2.3.1 Muc ich:
Khi atis a c ln men ung mc trong qu trnh v, phai cn inh chi hoat
ng cua cac enzym cht lng san phm mc tt nht, thng thi ngi ta
dung nhit cao thc hin iu nay.
ng thi qu trnh sy kh lam giam m cua atis ln men thun li cho
vic bao quan tr atis thnh phm. T o lam cho tr atis xon kt va en bong.
2.3.2 Yu cu: atis phai c sy u, kh va khng co mui khet, m con
lai t 3-5 %.
2.3.3 Nhng bin i cua che ln men khi sy
Nc bay hi, mau cua tr atis chuyn t mau ng o sang mau en bong,
mui tao chin cua atis ln men mt i, thay vao o la mui thm diu hn, c trng
cua atis.
2.3.4 iu kin ky thut:
Nhit : thng sy che 800 C, nu sy nhit cao hn 800 C thi che mt
i nhiu hng thm va mau sang, nu sy thp hn 800 C thi qua trinh sy keo
dai, cac enzym trong che khng c inh chi kip thi, che d bi len men qua mc.
Tc khng khi trong may sy che: tc khng khi nong trong may sy che
thng khng ch 0,5 m/s, nu khng ch nho hn tc nay thi thi gian sy
keo dai va nu khng ch khoang 0,6 m/s thi che vun se bi cun theo.
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

day cua lp che rai trn bng chuyn may sy: thc nghim cho thy nu
tc khng khi nong trong may sy che < 0,5 m/s thi day cua lp che rai trn
bng chuyn khng anh hng n cht lng che sy c. Do o, nu ta khng
ch tc khng khi bng 0,5 m/s va sy hai ln thi day cua cac lp che rai trn
bng chuyn la:
Sy ln 1: 2 - 2,5 cm
Sy ln 2: 3 - 5 cm
Ngoai cac phn che non gia khac nhau thi day cua lp che rai trn bng
chuyn cung khac nhau, thng thi day che non se nho che gia.
2.4 Phn loai, u trn, ong hp va bao quan thanh phm:
Sau khi sy xong atis c phn loai thanh nhng san phm co phm cht
tt xu khac nhau, chu yu la v kich thc, hinh dang; ngoai ra phn loai con
nhm muc ich loai tr cac tap cht ln vao trong qua trinh ch bin.
Sau khi phn loai, ngi ta tin hanh u trn nhng phn a phn loai ra theo
mt ti l nht inh theo yu cu cua khach hang hoc theo tiu chun cua nha may.
Thng thi chi u trn tr canh hoc tr manh, con tr vun thi em san xut che
hoa tan. Vic trn tr c thc hin trn nhng may trn kiu thung quay.
bao quan thanh phm, tr atis c ong vao ti lc hoc vo hp, thng
bng cacton hoc bng kim loai, trong lng cua mi hp tuy theo yu cua khach
hang hoc theo tiu chun cua nha may, bn trong hp co 3 lp giy, 2 lp giy
thng va 1 lp giy bac gia. ong hp, u tin cho 2/3 lng atis cn
ong vao hp, dung may lc lc che tht cht ri cho tip 1/3 lng con lai vao hp
am bao khi lng mong mun va giam c th tich bao bi.
3. Sn xut dc phm
3.1 nh hng ca atis ln sc khe con ngi
3.1.1 Giu vitamin v cht khong
Mt lng Atis trung bnh p ng 20% nhu cu vitamin C ca c th trong
1 ngy, cung cp khong 60 calo ng thi giu kali v magi nn rt tt cho tim
mch. Kh nng chng li qu trnh xy ho ca Atis gip c th chng li cc
bnh tt.
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

3.1.2 Tt cho h tiu ho


Gan yu, hot ng km s khng kp tiu ho lng thc n c th a vo
gy au d dy, y bng, au bng sau khi n v kh tiu, Atis kch thch gan
tit mt gip h tiu ho hot ng tt. Nhiu nghin cu khoa hc pht hin ra
nhng tin trin r rt khi iu tr chng kh tiu bng chit xut astis.
3.1.3 Gim cholesterol v bnh tim
Astis hn ch cholesterol t cc cht bo c th hp thu, gan khng tit
mt gy tng cholesterol cho c th nn nhng ngi mc cc bnh v gan thng
c ch s cholesterol cao.
Astis kch thch gan tit mt nn gip gim cholesterol. Nghin cu c
ch ra rng dng chit xut Astis trong thi gian 6 tun gim lng cholesterol
xu LDL xung cn hn 22 %.
Astisi nga vic hnh thnh nhng cholesterol mi vng gan.
3.1.4. Gim lng ng mu
Qua nghin cu trn ng vt, cc nh nghin cu thy rng trong Astiso
c cha cht c kh nng ngn chn qu trnh to ra qu nhiu glucose trong gan.
3.2 Tc dng dc l
Dng dung dch Actis tim tnh mch, sau 2-3 gi, lng mt bi tit tng
gp 4 ln ( M.Charbol, Charonnat Maxim v Watz, 1929).
Ung v tim Actis u c tc dng tng lng nc tiu, lng Ur trong
nc tiu cng tng ln, hng s Ambard h xung, lng Cholesterin v Ur
trong mu cng h xung. Tuy nhin, lc mi ung c khi thy lng Ur trong
mu tng ln do Artichaud lm tng s pht sinh Ur trong mu. (Tixier, De Sze
M.Erk v Picard. 1934 - 1935).
Tng tit
c ti s khng gy c.
3.3 Ch tr
Cm hoa c dng trong ch n king ca ngi bnh i tho nht v n
ch cha lng nh tinh bt, phn Carbon Hydrat gm phn ln l Inlin.
L Atiso v ng, c tc dng li tiu v c dng trong iu tr bnh ph v
thp khp.
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

L ti hoc kh sc hoc nu thnh cao cha bnh v Gan (gan vim mn, da
vng), thn vim cp v mn, sng khp xng. Thuc c tc dng nhun trng
v lc mu nh i vi tr em.
Thn v r Atiso thi mng, phi kh, cng dng ging l.Actis c dng
tr bnh Chu u t lu nh v thuc lm mt gan, nhun trng, thng tiu.
3.4 Mt s dc phm c thnh phn t Atis
3.4.1 Nagantec
Thnh phn: Cao c Actis, Cao bin sc, Bm bm bic
Vim gan, vng da, mn nht, l nga

Gii c, chng d ng, c bit l suy gim


chc nng gan.
X va ng mch, m (triglycerid,
cholesterol) trong mu cao.
B i tiu tin, kh tiu, to bn.

3.4.2 Comcophytol
Thnh phn: Cao c Actis
Ch nh:
Mt gan, thng mt
Li tiu trong cc bnh thn

3.4.3 Mt gan gii c


Thnh phn: c tranh, sm i , l actis, c mc, l du
tm, cam tho, k u nga, gng ti, v qut, natri benzoat,
ng trng, nc va .
Ch nh: Trong cc trng hp st nng, phong nga, d
ng, mn nht, rm, to bn, tiu t, ng ming n khng
ngon.
4. Ch bin thc phm
Bng atis khi nu chn c tc dng b dng tng lc, kch thch gan tit mt
gip h tiu ho hot ng tt, gip n ngon ming, tr tim, li tiu, tng tit sa
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cho sn ph (khi hm vi chn gi). V th m trong ng y, hoa atis dng trong


cc trng hp au gan, au d dy, n ung khng tiu, sn ph t sa, thp khp,
suy nhc c th... Khi nu ch khng dng ni gang hoc ni nhm v hoa s b
ng, kh n.
B phn ca cy atis c dng lm rau n l cm hoa bao gm mang hoa,
cc lng t, v cc l bc (c phn gc mm mu trng bao chung quanh). Trong
100g bng atis, c cha: 3 - 3,15 g protein, 0,1-0,3 g lipid, 11-15 g glucid (ch
yu l inulase, tt cho ngi b tiu ng) v 82 g nc. Mt ci hoa atiso to c
cha 25 calo, khng cht bo, 170 mg kali v n cn l ngun cung cp vitamin C,
magie v cht x rt tt.
Ngoi ra cn c cha cc cht khong nh mangan, phospho, st, cc vitamin:
A , B1, B2, C, cung cp 50-75 calori.
Mt s mn n c ch bin t bng Atiso
4.1 Canh atis hm to
Mn canh di y c cng dng mt gan nhun phi,ngi gi hay tr nh u
thch hp vi mn canh ny.
4.1.1 Nguyn liu:

2 bng Atiso,nu bng ln th


dng 1 bng

300g xng ui heo

200g tht thn hay tht bp

5 - 6 tri to

10g hnh nhn

2 c c rt

4.1.2 Cch nu:


Bng Atiso ch lm t ra sch,xng heo cht nh,tht ct ming,cho xng
heo v tht heo trng s cho sch,khi nu canh s c trong hn.
To ct i,c rt gt v ct ming
Cho khong hn 2lt nc v ni nu si,sau cho tt c nguyn liu v hm
la nh,hm khong 1h l c,nm mui v t bt nm dng nng.
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4.2 Atis hm gi heo


Cc mn n ch bin t gi heo c bit
tt cho cc b m ang nui con nh.
4.2.1 Nguyn liu:
Bng Atis 1 ci, gi heo 1 ci (khong
700gr), nc mm ngon, hnh tm, du n, gia
v, tiu s xay.
4.2.2 Ch bin:
Gi heo rt xng, lm sch, p gia v
v b li tht cht. Bng Atis ra sch, ch
i theo chiu dc. Hm gi heo trong khong 40 pht, sau nm gia v vo nc
dng cho va n ri cho bng Atis vo ni hm thm 20 pht. Dng tm che
thm tht gi heo mm l c.
4.2.3 Thng thc: Tht gi heo thnh nhng khoanh mng, va n. Nc
hm trong, ngt mt v c hng thm nh. Tht chn gi v hoa Atis ngon nht
l phn thn cnh hoa dnh lin vo cung, v vy khi n, bn nh ng b qua
phn ny. Mn ny n nng, km nc mm mn.
4.3 Tht nhi atis:
Tht nhi atiso mm, thm, m cc loi gia v v nc st, rt thch hp n
trong thi tit giao ma.
4.3.1 Nguyn liu:

Trang 14

Ci hoa atiso c va

2 qu chanh

200 gr tht ln xay

200 gr tm tht bm nh

1 c gng

1 chn nc dng

3 tha ng

Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng


Mui, du n

vng

Ht tiu, du ho, du

Bt ng hoc bt ao

4.3.2 Cch lm:


Ra hoa atiso di vi nc cc bi bn bm bn trong cnh hoa c loi
b ht. Ct b nhng cnh gi bn ngoi, cung hoa, phn u cnh hoa ca atiso
(gip atiso mm hn khi nu) gi mu sc p. Hoc sau khi ct ngn hoa bn
dng ngay ming chanh xoa u ch va ct thu ht nha hoa li, trnh b thm.
Cho tht xay v tm bm nh vo trn ln, cho gia v, ht tiu vo ri trn k
li, 10 pht cho ngm. Sau dng tha nhi tht vo gia hoa atiso, ri nhi
tip vo gia cc cnh hoa bn ngoi. Cho nc vo ni hp un si. t atiso
nhi tht vo lng hp, un nh vy trong 15 20 pht tu thuc vo ln ca
hoa atiso.Khi mn n chn, 10 pht cho ngui bt
Cho t du n vo cho un nng, cho gng vo o nhanh tay cho thm. Cho
1 chn nc dng vo un ri cho thm, ng, mui, tiu, du ho vo un cng.
Khi phn st si th cho thm tha du vng
Ct i tng ci hoa atiso nhi tht hp, cho vo cho nc st chng trong
10 pht. Ho bt ng hoc bt ao vo cht nc ri cho t t vo nc st
snh li
By gi th bn c mt mn n mi, hoa atiso nhi tht vi nc st mn
ngt l ming.
5. Bao gi bo qun v marketing
5.1 Tm quan trng ca bao gi:
Trong qu trnh vn
chuyn , bo qun v phn
phi tr v cc sn phm
ch bin t atis khc rt d
b p, nn, chm chch
dn n b gip nt, h
hng, cng nh b nhim
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bn. c bit l cc sn phm tr d b ht m trong qu trnh bo qun dn n b


m mc. Ngoi ra chng cn b tc ng bi cc yu t ngoi cnh nh : nhit ,
m,nh sng,cc cht kh: oxy, CO2, etylen, COtia cc tm v sinh vt gy hi
nh: vi sinh vt, cn trng , chim, chut lm gim phm cht hay l gy ra h
hng cho sn phm. V vy vic bao b cho sn phm s gip hn ch cc tc hi t
cc yu t trn n cht lng sn phm gp phn nng cao gi tr sn phm trn
th trng.
Nng cao gi tr cm quan cho sn phm. Bao b cng p, cng bt mt th
cng thu ht c s ch ca ngi tiu dng.
Vic bao b cn cung cp cho ngi tiu dng nhng thng tin cn thit v sn
phm t gip h c thm thng tin la chn sn phm nh mong mun:
Tn sn phm
Ngy sn xut, hn s dng
Thnh phn, cng dng
Cch s dng, bo qun
Nh sn xut, nh phn phi
Khi lng
5.2 Yu cu i vi bao b:
Khng c, khng nh hng n cht lng sn phm.
Chng s xm nhp ca dch hi t bn ngoi.
Ngn cn s xm nhp ca oxy v hi nc t khng kh i vi cc sn
phm kh (nh tr v cc sn phm dc,) hay ngn cn s mt nc
ca cc sn phm atis s dng ti.
Ngn cn s xm nhp ca cc tc nhn gy c t bn ngoi.
Chu c s va p c hc.
D dng vn chuyn.
Bn vng.
D m cng nh d hn kn li.
Tin li.
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

Hnh dng, kch thc, khi lng ph hp.


Gi thnh thp.
C th ti ch v s dng li, khng gy nhim mi trng.
5.3 S cn thit xy dng Thng hiu cho sn phm ch
Xy dng Thng hiu l cch tip cn tt nht ca nh sn xut n vi
ngi tiu dng.
Mt sn phm c Thng hiu s gip chng ta n nh v pht trin
doanh s bn hng, to li nhun cho doanh nghip.
Thng hiu cn l cam kt ca nh sn xut i vi cht lng sn
phm.
Thng hiu gip chng ta gia tng c gi tr sn phm.
5.4 Phng php to dng thng hiu
Cam kt trung thnh vi ngi tiu dng. Nu ch mt lc no chng
ta khng quan tm n quyn li ca ngi tiu dng chng ta s nh
mt Thng hiu ca chnh mnh.
Quy trnh sn xut phi c tiu chun ha m bo cht lng sn
phm n nh.
Phi to ra c s khc bit gia Thng hiu ca mnh vi cc thng
hiu khc. Nu khng c s khc bit th thng hiu ca chng ta s
nhanh chng b o thi khi th trng.
Phi c h thng phn phi mnh v phi c tim lc ti chnh
mnh chi tr cho vic xc tin bn hng v qung b Thng hiu.
III. KT LUN
1. Vai tr Cng ngh sau thu hoch
Nm 2009, gi bng kh c thng li mua vi gi tng gn gp ri nm
trc: 130.000 - 140.000 ng/kg, thn: 60.000 ng/kg, cng: 12.000 ng/kg, r:
60.000 ng/kg.
L ti cng khng b loi thi c mua vi gi 300 - 600 ng/kg. Nhiu
nh vn nng dn mang nguyn m bn cho thng li t thu hoch, vi gi

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30.000 ng/cy. Vi mc trn, nng dn trng Atis Lt thong th thu vo


30 - 35 triu ng/so
Theo ng Dinh, mt nng dn trng Atiso Lt, vi gi ny th sau khi tr
chi ph u t nh nng vn li rng t 35 50 triu ng/so.
Do nhng c tnh mt gan, gii c, li tiu ca Atiso m nhu cu tiu th
ngy cng tng. Hin nay, cng vi s pht trin ca Cng ngh ch bin, bo
qun, cc sn phm atis xut hin trn th trng tht a dng v phong ph c v
mu m v chng loi, p ng mi nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng. ng thi, k
thut ng gi bo qun v qung b sn phm gp phn nng cao gi tr kinh t
cho cc doanh nghip. iu ny chng t Cng ngh sau thu hoch c vai tr
khng nh trong vic a sn phm cht lng n tay ngi tiu dng v nng
cao li nhun cho doanh nghip.
2. Gii thiu mt s Cng ty sn xut Atiso
Cng ty TNHH Tr Atis Ngc Duy l n v u tin bin Atiso thnh sn
phm rt c o, gn nh, thanh tao trong mi gia nh l tr atis ti lc
chi phi th trng trong nc v c bit n cui nm 1992, 15.000 hp Tr
Atis ti lc Ngc Duy c xut khu sang i Loan
Song khng dng li , thung hiu Atis Ngc Duy chnh thc c th
ng trn th trng trong v ngoi nc cc sn phm tr ti lc mang thng
hiu Ngc Duy c mt ti mi vng trong c nc v cc quc gia khc trn th
gii. Xy dng thng hiu tr ti lc Atiso
Nm 1992, nh du mt bc ngot quan trng i vi tr Atiso Ngc Duy,
15.000 hp tr vi gi bn cao gp 4 ln trong nc c khch nc ngoi t
mua
Sau hi ch quc t nng nghip ti Cn Th nm 1995, tr Atiso Ngc Duy
c trao Huy chng vng, mt s thng nhn ngi Canada, Nht ln
Lt xem c s v k kt hp ng tiu th di h
c bit trong nm 2005, doanh nghip vinh d c nhn gii thng Sao
vng t vit v nm 2006 c nhn huy chng vng Doanh nghip Vit nam uy
tn cht lng.
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Cng ngh ch bin, bo qun Atis...........................................GVHD: PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng

Cng ty TNHH Vnh Tin, l mt doanh nghip ra i t hn 10 nm nay


vi sn phm tr atis u nm 2009, cng ty Vnh Tin hp ng vi chuyn
gia t vn VietGap trin khai tp hun cho hn 30 nng h trng atis trn a bn
phng 12, Lt. Song song vi , h thng qun l cht lng ISO ti Vnh
Tin gp phn lm tng thm gi tr cho sn phm, t to c s canh
tranh mnh m cho nhng sn phm t cy atis m cng ty Vnh Tin a ra
th trng nh tr atis, cao atis, nc atis ung lin, Cng ty Vnh Tin a
sn phm n cc nc vn c xem l kh tnh nh Hoa K, c, Singaporev
cng c ngi tiu dng ti y chp nhn. Nhng kt qu ban u nhiu
ha hn , hin ti Cng ty Vnh Tin ang chun b tip tc t chc nhng
chng trnh tip theo cho ngi nng dn trng cy atis, khng nhng ch c
tiu chun VietGap, m cn tp hun o to cho b con nhng tiu chun nh
GlobalGap v p dng thm tiu chun HACCP
nm sau ma. Hin Lt c khong 30 c s ch bin atis
Ngay t by gi Lt nn sm quy hoch cc vng chuyn canh cy atis
nguyn liu phc v cho cc c s ch bin atis v cho xut khu, ng thi tng
cng u t ging, k thut thm canh, thy li nng cao nng sut v cht
lng cy
Mi ngy c khong 7-15 tn bng atis c thng li a t Lt v tiu
th ti TP.HCM, mc k lc t trc n nay.
ng ng Sanh, ch tch Hi Nng dn P.12, TP Lt (Lm ng), cho bit
my ngy qua nhiu thng nhn mua bng atis ti vi s lng ln y gi
atis tng kh cao.
Hin nay, Atis trng t nc Pru ni ting vi hng v c o v c
nhiu doanh nghip nhp khu sn phm ny trn th gii nh gi cao v cht
lng.
Hoa k vn l th trng xut khu atis ln nht ca Pru. Tip sau l Php,
Canada, c, Thy S, Italia, Lebanon, Brazil, B, Anh v Panam.

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TI LIU THAM KHO


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Cy ch v k thut ch bin, PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng, nm 2009


Gio trnh bo qun nng sn, nxb Gio Dc, Th.s Nguyn Mnh Khi
http://www.diendandulich.net/lofiversion/index.php/t13459.html
http://agro.gov.vn/news/newsdetail.aspx?targetid=2453
http://www.vnnhahang.com/congthuc/140-atiso-ham-gio-heo.aspx
http://lamtheo.com/huong-dan-cach-nau-canh-bong-atiso-xuong-heo-tao-do2899175ee.html
7. http://afamily.vn/2009031903575347tm0ca52/Thit-nhoi-atiso
8. http://www.thuocbietduoc.com.vn/thuoc/drgsearch.aspx?act=S&key=stis
%C3%B4&opt=1

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