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Ti
TP.HCM,thng 10 nm 2010
B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM
VIN CNG NGH SINH HC-THC PHM
Ti
GVHD:
PGS.TS Trnh Xun Ng
Nhm thc hin:
Nhm 4
Danh sch nhm:
0826392
1. L Khnh Duy
1
0823769
2. Nguyn Php
1
0820395
3. Trn Th Minh Thy 1
0823679
4. Trn Th Thu
1
0822245
5. Trn Vn Thit
1
0823311
6. L Th M Ngc
1
0826392
7. Nguyn Vit Thnh
1
0824175
8. Nhan Minh Tr
1
0825682
9. Tng Th Thanh Thy 1
0823125
10. Trn Thnh Trung
1
TP.HCM,thng 10 nm 2010
MC LC
I. M U......................................................................................................................................1
1 Cy Atis......................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Ngun gc..................................................................................................................................1
1.2 c im thc vt......................................................................................................................2
1.3 a l phn b............................................................................................................................2
1.4 Thnh phn ha hc...................................................................................................................2
1.4.1 L Atis cha..........................................................................................................................2
1.4.2 Hoa Atis................................................................................................................................3
1.4.3 R............................................................................................................................................3
2. t vn ....................................................................................................................................3
3. Gii quyt vn .........................................................................................................................4
II. NI DUNG.................................................................................................................................4
1 Bo qun hoa atis........................................................................................................................4
2 Ch bin tr Atis.........................................................................................................................5
2.1 Lm ho.....................................................................................................................................5
2.1.1 Mc ch.................................................................................................................................5
2.1.2 Nhng bin i cua nguyn liu che khi c lam heo..........................................................5
2.1.3 iu kin ky thut...................................................................................................................6
2.2 V v ln men atis...................................................................................................................7
2.2.1 Muc ich.................................................................................................................................7
2.2.2 Nhng bin i xay ra khi vo.................................................................................................7
2.2.3 Ky thut vo atis.....................................................................................................................8
2.2.4 Yu cu ky thut.....................................................................................................................8
2.3 Sy kh......................................................................................................................................9
2.3.1 Muc ich:................................................................................................................................9
2.3.2 Yu cu...................................................................................................................................9
2.3.3 Nhng bin i cua che ln men khi sy................................................................................9
2.3.4 iu kin ky thut:..................................................................................................................9
2.4 Phn loai, u trn, ong hp va bao quan thanh phm..........................................................10
3. Sn xut dc phm...................................................................................................................10
3.1 nh hng ca atis ln sc khe con ngi..........................................................................10
3.1.1 Giu vitamin v cht khong................................................................................................10
3.1.2 Tt cho h tiu ho................................................................................................................11
3.1.3 Gim cholesterol v bnh tim...............................................................................................11
3.1.4. Gim lng ng mu.......................................................................................................11
3.2 Tc dng dc l.....................................................................................................................11
3.3 Ch tr......................................................................................................................................11
3.4 Mt s dc phm c thnh phn t Atis..............................................................................12
3.4.1 Nagantec...............................................................................................................................12
3.4.2 Comcophytol.........................................................................................................................12
3.4.3 Mt gan gii c...................................................................................................................12
4. Ch bin thc phm...................................................................................................................12
4.1 Canh atis hm to ..............................................................................................................13
I. M U
Trong bt ngn cc loi hoa tri, rau
xanh, cy atis c bit n nh mt loi
dc tho c bit Lm ng. Trong tit tri
du nh, nhng vt atis n tr bng tri
dc theo trin i thp thong, lm cho sc
mu vng cao nguyn thm lng ly, tr
ph
Theo t in dc hc: Nhiu th k nay, cy
Atis c bit n nh l mt cy thuc li
mt. V thuc Atis v cc ch phm t Atis
to nn mt nhn t kinh in ca thc vt liu php nhm kch thch tiu ha v
tng cng cc chc nng bi tit. Cy Atis cn non c th luc chn hay nu
canh n, nhng b phn thng c dng lm rau l cm hoa. Bng Atis l loi
rau cao cp, khi nu chn rt d tiu ha dng tr au gan, gim au d dy, rt cn
cho nhng ngi b bnh i ng. Cn l v thn ca atis c ch nh dng
cha thiu nng gan, chng vng da, chng tng cholesterol-huyt, s va ng
mch
Khng nhng em li hiu qu cao trong tr bnh, cy Atis cn rt d s
dng. C th dng ti hay kh, sc nc hay nu thnh cao cn c dng chit ti
bng cn hoc lm cn thuc. Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu ch phm t
Atis nh cao, cynaraphytol vin, thuc nc ng ng Actisamin v thng
dng nht l tr Atis dng ha tan hay ti lc.
1 Cy Atis
1.1 Ngun gc
Atis (tn khoa hc: Cynara scolymus) l loi cy l gai lu nm c ngun gc
t min Nam chu u (quanh a Trung Hi) c ngi C Hy Lp v C La
M trng ly hoa lm rau n. Atis c th cao ln ti 1,5 n 2 mt, l cy di t
50-80 cm.
Nhng cy Atis c trng u tin quanh Naples vo gia th k 15. N
c Catherine de Medici gii thiu ti nc Php trong th k 16, sau , ngi
Trang 1
Trang 4
2 Ch bin tr Atis
Actis ti
Ty vo nh sn
Lm ho
xut v nhu cu
ngi tiu dng
V
m nhiu loi tr
atis vi t l l,
Ln men
bng, thn, r
khc nhau c b sung c ngt, cam tho,
Sy kh
c sn xut nhm p ng mi yu cu th
trng. Nhn chung quy trnh sn xut tr atis
Phn loi v ng gi
c th c tm tt nh sau:
2.1 Lm ho
Sn phm
2.1.1 Mc ch
Atis nguyn liu sau khi thu hai v co cha nhiu nc. Nu em tin hanh vo
ngay thi atis se bi nat, nc thoat ra mang theo mt s cht hoa tan lam anh
hng n cht lng tr thanh phm. Do o, lam heo cho lng nc trong
atis nguyn liu bay hi bt, nguyn liu tr nn mm va deo dai hn. Ngoai ra,
do lng nc giam i ma ham lng cht kh trong nguyn liu tr nn m c
hn, t o tng cng kha nng hoat ng cua cac enzym co trong nguyn liu.
2.1.2 Nhng bin i cua nguyn liu che khi c lam heo
Bc hi nc: khi lam heo, nc se bc hi va no se i qua cac mao quan ra
ngoai lam cho la atis mm va deo dai hn. Khi lng va th tich nguyn liu
giam. Qua trinh nay chia lam ba giai oan:
+ Bc hi nc t do: tc bc hi nhanh, chim 15 - 20 % tng lng
nc co trong nguyn liu.
+ Tc bc hi chm vi nc cac dich bao bi can tr bi cac dich keo co
trong la che.
+ T bao mt kha nng hoat ng binh thng, lng nc bay hi tip tuc
giam.
Trang 5
Qua ba giai oan nay ta thy khng th lam heo nguyn liu che giai oan
cui vi tc ln vi nh vy se lam chay nguyn liu do tc bay hi trn mt
nguyn liu che khng phu hp vi tc dich chuyn cua nc trong h thng
ng mao quan trong moi phn cua cac m la.
Cang keo dai thi gian lam heo, cht lng tr thanh phm se giam do ham
lng tanin co trong atis nguyn liu giam.
Trong qua trinh lam heo, ham lng clorofin trong nguyn liu giam, iu nay
rt co li trong san xut vi mau xanh cua clorofin se lam cho mau sc cua nc pha
khng ep.
Trong qua trinh lam heo, ham lng vitamin C giam (cht chng oxy hoa), do
o lam tng qua trinh oxy hoa sc t antoxianidin tao ra nhng san phm tan c
trong nc lam cho mau sc cua nc pha tr tr nn ep.
Qua trinh lam heo chu yu la qua trinh vt ly, nhng bin i sinh hoa xay ra
trong qua trinh nay cung co nhng khng nhiu.
2.1.3 iu kin ky thut
Nhit va m tng i cua khng khi: hai yu t nay anh hng ln n
tc lam heo. Nu lam heo chm thi cht kh tn hao t 4 - 5 %.
Nu m khng khi thp thi tc lam heo nhanh, nhng nu thp qua thi
vic lam heo se khng u. Thc t nu lam heo t nhin thi m khng khi <
60 %. Nu lam heo nhn tao thi m khng khi 28-30% la tt.
Nu nhit cao, tc lam heo se nhanh, nhng nu nhit qua cao se anh
hng n hoat tinh cua cac enzym co trong nguyn liu va nhit cao, cac
cht hng tao thanh se khng tich luy c, cac cht bay hi co mui thm bi tn
tht lam giam cht lng tr thanh phm. Do o, nhit lam heo thng la 40450C.
iu kin lu thng khng khi: lu thng khng khi nhm muc ich giam m
cua mi trng lam heo. Trong qua trinh lam heo, m trong nguyn liu thoat ra
lam mi trng lam heo nhanh chong bao hoa nc. Vi th cn phai lu thng
khng khi cua mi trng lam heo tng tc lam heo ng thi cp cho
nguyn liu che mt lng oxy cn thit cho qua trinh sinh hoa xay ra trong qua
trinh nay. Ngi ta khng ch tc lu chuyn khng khi khoang 2m/s.
Trang 6
Trang 7
Trong qua trinh vo, ham lng cac cht bay hi tao hng thm tng ln ro rt.
Trong qua trinh nay co s tich ly cac san phm d bay hi nh: benzaldehyt,
benzylphenol, hexanol...
Ham lng pectin giam trong khi vo che. Trong che heo, ham lng pectin
khoang 3,4 %, sau khi vo con 2,2 %. Nguyn nhn la do co s ln men xay ra trong
khi vo atis, mt phn hydrat pectin bin thanh axit pectin lam cho ham lng
pectin giam.
Ham lng vitamin C cung giam rt nhiu sau khi vo.
Ngoai ra, trong khi vo heo co nhng bin i vt ly quan trong, nhng phin la
xon cht, thng va nho, anh bong tao nn ngoai hinh ep cho san phm.
2.2.3 Ky thut vo atis: co hai phng phap vo:
Vo thu cng: cho atis heo vao trong cac tui vai tha ri dung tay vo,
phng phap nay it c dung trong san xut hin i.
Vo c gii: phng phap nay cho cht lng san phm cao, nng sut ln. Qua
trinh vo c thc hin trong nhng may vo, may vo gm mt thung hinh tru
cha atis a lam heo, ban vo t ay thung co b tri ca thao atis a vo, trn
ban vo co nhiu thanh g tao nn nhng lc xon cun khi atis khi vo. Nh
co h thng ga ma thung vo co th chuyn ng tron, lui ti trn mt phng cua
ay thung vo, ban vo ng yn hoc cung chuyn ng tron, lui ti trn mt phng
song song vi mt phng cua ay thung vo nhng theo hng ngc lai.
2.2.4 Yu cu ky thut
Lng atis heo a vao may vo: Tuy thuc vao th tich cua thung vo, trong
thc t, lng atis heo a vao thung vo chim 75- 85 % th tich cua thung vo.
Nu lng atis heo a vao may vo qua nhiu thi vic vo atis se khng u va
tan nhit se khng tt, gy anh hng n cht lng san phm. Nu lng atis
heo a vao may vo qua it thi nng sut may vo se giam va ap lc vo c tao ra
do trong lng ban thn khi atis se giam nn kho lam atis xon kt ep.
Tc quay cua mm vo: tc quay cua mm vo co anh hng n cht
lng thanh phm. Tuy theo cht lng atis heo em vo va iu kin cua phong
vo ma khng ch tc quay cua mm vo cho thich hp. Nu tc quay cua
mm vo qua ln thi atis d gay vun nhng co u in la rut ngn c thi gian
Trang 8
vo va cht lng cua san phm tt hn. Ngc lai, nu tc quay cua mm vo
nho thi co u im la atis khng bi t oan nhng thi gian vo se keo dai, nng
sut vo thp, atis vo trong may d phat nhit gy anh hng n cht lng san
phm. Do o, nu may vo va phong vo co h thng thng gio tt, co th dung tc
vo nho, ngc lai, phai tin hanh vo nhanh.
Thi gian vo: nu tc vo ln thi thi gian vo giam. Tuy nhin cn phai lam
th nao qua trinh vo at c nhng yu cu ra v dp t bao, ti l vun
nat.... B phn gia thi cn thi gian vo ln hn la b phn non.
Ap lc vo: nu ap lc vo qua ln thi atis d bi tn thng, che vun nhiu,
ngc lai nu ap lc vo qua nho thi qua trinh vo se khng trit , mau nc pha
tr thanh phm se nhat, ba tr co nhng m xanh.
2.3 Sy kh
2.3.1 Muc ich:
Khi atis a c ln men ung mc trong qu trnh v, phai cn inh chi hoat
ng cua cac enzym cht lng san phm mc tt nht, thng thi ngi ta
dung nhit cao thc hin iu nay.
ng thi qu trnh sy kh lam giam m cua atis ln men thun li cho
vic bao quan tr atis thnh phm. T o lam cho tr atis xon kt va en bong.
2.3.2 Yu cu: atis phai c sy u, kh va khng co mui khet, m con
lai t 3-5 %.
2.3.3 Nhng bin i cua che ln men khi sy
Nc bay hi, mau cua tr atis chuyn t mau ng o sang mau en bong,
mui tao chin cua atis ln men mt i, thay vao o la mui thm diu hn, c trng
cua atis.
2.3.4 iu kin ky thut:
Nhit : thng sy che 800 C, nu sy nhit cao hn 800 C thi che mt
i nhiu hng thm va mau sang, nu sy thp hn 800 C thi qua trinh sy keo
dai, cac enzym trong che khng c inh chi kip thi, che d bi len men qua mc.
Tc khng khi trong may sy che: tc khng khi nong trong may sy che
thng khng ch 0,5 m/s, nu khng ch nho hn tc nay thi thi gian sy
keo dai va nu khng ch khoang 0,6 m/s thi che vun se bi cun theo.
Trang 9
day cua lp che rai trn bng chuyn may sy: thc nghim cho thy nu
tc khng khi nong trong may sy che < 0,5 m/s thi day cua lp che rai trn
bng chuyn khng anh hng n cht lng che sy c. Do o, nu ta khng
ch tc khng khi bng 0,5 m/s va sy hai ln thi day cua cac lp che rai trn
bng chuyn la:
Sy ln 1: 2 - 2,5 cm
Sy ln 2: 3 - 5 cm
Ngoai cac phn che non gia khac nhau thi day cua lp che rai trn bng
chuyn cung khac nhau, thng thi day che non se nho che gia.
2.4 Phn loai, u trn, ong hp va bao quan thanh phm:
Sau khi sy xong atis c phn loai thanh nhng san phm co phm cht
tt xu khac nhau, chu yu la v kich thc, hinh dang; ngoai ra phn loai con
nhm muc ich loai tr cac tap cht ln vao trong qua trinh ch bin.
Sau khi phn loai, ngi ta tin hanh u trn nhng phn a phn loai ra theo
mt ti l nht inh theo yu cu cua khach hang hoc theo tiu chun cua nha may.
Thng thi chi u trn tr canh hoc tr manh, con tr vun thi em san xut che
hoa tan. Vic trn tr c thc hin trn nhng may trn kiu thung quay.
bao quan thanh phm, tr atis c ong vao ti lc hoc vo hp, thng
bng cacton hoc bng kim loai, trong lng cua mi hp tuy theo yu cua khach
hang hoc theo tiu chun cua nha may, bn trong hp co 3 lp giy, 2 lp giy
thng va 1 lp giy bac gia. ong hp, u tin cho 2/3 lng atis cn
ong vao hp, dung may lc lc che tht cht ri cho tip 1/3 lng con lai vao hp
am bao khi lng mong mun va giam c th tich bao bi.
3. Sn xut dc phm
3.1 nh hng ca atis ln sc khe con ngi
3.1.1 Giu vitamin v cht khong
Mt lng Atis trung bnh p ng 20% nhu cu vitamin C ca c th trong
1 ngy, cung cp khong 60 calo ng thi giu kali v magi nn rt tt cho tim
mch. Kh nng chng li qu trnh xy ho ca Atis gip c th chng li cc
bnh tt.
Trang 10
L ti hoc kh sc hoc nu thnh cao cha bnh v Gan (gan vim mn, da
vng), thn vim cp v mn, sng khp xng. Thuc c tc dng nhun trng
v lc mu nh i vi tr em.
Thn v r Atiso thi mng, phi kh, cng dng ging l.Actis c dng
tr bnh Chu u t lu nh v thuc lm mt gan, nhun trng, thng tiu.
3.4 Mt s dc phm c thnh phn t Atis
3.4.1 Nagantec
Thnh phn: Cao c Actis, Cao bin sc, Bm bm bic
Vim gan, vng da, mn nht, l nga
3.4.2 Comcophytol
Thnh phn: Cao c Actis
Ch nh:
Mt gan, thng mt
Li tiu trong cc bnh thn
5 - 6 tri to
2 c c rt
Trang 14
Ci hoa atiso c va
2 qu chanh
200 gr tm tht bm nh
1 c gng
1 chn nc dng
3 tha ng
vng
Ht tiu, du ho, du
Bt ng hoc bt ao
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