i cng dng in xoay chiu

YeuVatLy.Com

i cng dng in xoay chiu

1. Khi nim dng in xoay chiu a. nh ngha - Dng in xoay chiu l dng in c cng bin thin iu ha theo thi gian (theo hm cos hay sin ca thi gian) b. Biu thc

Trong : i: gi tr cng dng in xoay chiu tc thi, n v l (A) I0 > 0: gi tr cng dng in cc i ca dng in xoay chiu , i : l cc hng s. > 0 l tn s gc (t + i) : pha ti thi im t i : Pha ban u ca dng in c. Cc i lng c trng Chu k: Tn s: 2. Hiu in th dao ng iu ha (in p) Cho khung dy dn c din tch S gm c N vng dy quay u vi vn tc gc xung quanh trc i xng xx trong t trng u c . Ti t = 0 gi s . Sau khong thi t, quay c mt gc t. T thng gi qua khung l = NBScost (Wb). t 0 = NBS => = 0cost, 0 c gi l t thng cc i. Theo hin tng cm ng in t trong khung hnh thnh sut in ng cm ng c biu thc e = -' = NBSsint t: Vy : sut in ng trong khung dy bin thin tun hon vi tn s gc v chm pha hn t thng gc /2. Nu mch ngoi kn th trong mch s c dng in, hiu in th gy ra mch ngoi cng bin thin iu ha: u = U0cos(t + u) (V) n v : S (m ), (Wb)- Webe, B(T) Testla, N (vng), (rad/s). e (V) 3. lch pha ca hiu in th v in p t = u - i , c gi l lch pha ca hiu in th v dng in trong mch Nu > 0 thi khi hiu in th nhanh pha hn dng in hay dng in chm pha hn hiu in th Nu > 0 thi khi hiu in th chm pha hn dng in hay dng in nhanh pha hn hiu in th 4. Cc gi tr hiu dng Cho dng in xoay chiu i = I0cos(t + ) chy qua R, cng sut tc thi tiu th trong R p = Ri2 =
2

1 trong 4

6/21/2011 1:31 AM

i cng dng in xoay chiu

Gi tr trung bnh ca p trong 1 chu k: Kt qu tnh ton, gi tr trung bnh ca cng sut trong 1 chu k (cng sut trung bnh):

Nhit lng ta ra khi l: Cng trong cng khong thi gian t cho dng in khng i (dng in mt chiu) qua in tr R ni trn th nhit lng ta ra l: Cho: I c gi l gi tr hiu dng ca cng dng in xoay chiu hay cng hiu dng Tng t ta cng c hiu in th hiu dng v sut in ng hiu dng l:

Ngoi ra, i vi dng in xoay chiu, cc i lng nh hiu in th, sut in ng, cng in trng, cng l hm s sin hay cosin ca thi gian, vi cc i lng ny 5. Cc v d in hnh V d 1: Dng in chy qua on mch xoay chiu c dng i = 2cos(100t) (A), hiu in th gia hai u on mch c gi tr hiu dng l 12V, v sm pha /3 so vi dng in. a. Tnh chu k, tn s ca dng in b. Tnh gi tr hiu dng ca dng in trong mch c. Tnh gi tr tc thi ca dng in thi im t = 0,5 (s) d. Trong mt giy dng in i chiu bao nhiu ln e. Biu thc ca hiu in th gia hai u on mch l * Hng dn gii: a. T biu thc ca dng in i = 2cos(100t) ta c = 100 (rad/s)

T ta c chu k v tn s ca dng in l:

b. Gi tr hiu dng ca dng in trong mch l: c. Ti thi im t = 0,5 (s) th i = 2cos(100.0,5) = 0 Vy ti t = 0,5s th i = 0 d. T cu b ta c f = 50 (Hz), tc l trong mt giy th dng in thc hin c 50 dao ng. Do mi dao ng dng in i chiu hai ln nn trong mt giy dng in i chiu 100 ln. e. Do hiu in th sm pha so vi dng in nn c:

Hiu in th cc i l: Biu thc ca hiu in th hai u mch in l:

* Nhn xt : Trong trng hp tng qut th s ln m dng in i chiu trong 1(s) l 2f. V d 2: Mt mch in xoay chiu gm mt in tr R = 50, dng in qua mch c biu thc a. Vit biu thc hiu in th hai u mch in bit rng hiu in th hiu

2 trong 4

6/21/2011 1:31 AM

i cng dng in xoay chiu

dng l

v hiu in th nhanh pha hn dng in gc

b. Tnh nhit lng ta trn in tr R trong 15 pht. * Hng dn gii a. Ta c:

Biu thc ca hiu in th l: b. Cng hiu dng ca dng in qua mch l:

V d 3 : Mt khung dy dn c din tch S = 50cm gm 150 vng dy quay u vi vn tc 3000 vng/pht trong mt t trng u c cm ng t vung gc trc quay ca khung v c ln B = 0,002T. Tnh: a. T thng cc i gi qua khung b. Sut in ng cc i * Hng dn gii : Tm tt: N = 150 vng B = 0,002T = 3000 vng/pht = 100 (rad/s) a. T thng qua khung l = NBScost => t thng cc i l: b. Sut in ng qua khung l: Vy sut in ng cc i qua khung l E0 = 0,47(V) V d 4: Mt khung dy dt hnh ch nht gm 500 vng dy, din tch mi vng dy l 53,5 cm2, quay u vi tc gc l 3000 vng/pht quanh trc xx trong mt t trng u c B = 0,02T v ng cm ng t vung gc vi trc quay xx. Tnh sut in ng hiu dng ca sut in ng xut hin trong khung * Hng dn gii: Tm tt: S = 50cm2 = 50.10-4m2 N = 500 vng B = 0,02T = 3000 vng/pht = 100 (rad/s) Sut in ng

cc

l:

T sut in ng hiu dng: BI TP LUYN TP Bi 1 : Mt khung dy hnh ch nht, kch thc 40cm x 60cm, gm 200 vng dy, c t trong mt t trng u c cm ng t 0,2T. Trc i xng ca khung dy vung gc vi t trng. Khung dy quay quanh trc i xng vi vn tc 120vng/pht. a. Tnh tn s ca sut in ng b. Chn thi im t = 0 l lc mt phng khung dy vung gc vi ng cm ng t. Vit biu thc sut in ng cm ng trong khung dy c. Sut in ng ti t = 5s k t thi im ban u c gi tr no? d. Nu b qua in tr ca khung dy th hiu in th hai u khung dy c biu thc nh th no?
2 Bi 2: Mt cun dy dt hnh ch nht c tit din S = 54cm gm 500 vng dy, in tr khng ng k, quay vi vn tc 50 vng/giy quanh mt trc i qua tm v song song vi mt cnh. Cun dy t trong t trng c cm ng t B = 0,2T vung gc vi trc quay.

3 trong 4

6/21/2011 1:31 AM

i cng dng in xoay chiu

a. T thng cc i c gi tr bng bao nhiu? b. Vit biu thc sut in ng xut hin trong cun dy. Xem nh ti thi im ban u, mt phng khung dy vung gc vi cm ng t B. Bin son Thy ng Vit Hng - BK H Ni

4 trong 4

6/21/2011 1:31 AM