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P N CHI TIT CHO D B I HC KHI A 2009
MN HA HC M 860
Cho bit khi lng nguyn t (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He= 4 ; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16 ; F=19; Ne=20; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27;
S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Br = 80;
Ag = 108;Ba =137.
I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40):
Cu 1: Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe
2
O
3
nung nng. Sau
mt thi gian thu c 10.44 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
. Ha
tan ht X trong dung dch HNO
3
c, nng thu c 4.368 lt NO
2
(sn phm kh
duy nht iu kin chun). Gi tr ca m l
A. 12 B. 24 C. 10.8 D. 16
p n A.
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php thng thng (phng php quy i)
+Quy i hn hp X thnh Fe v O
+Theo m
X
=10.44 gam nn: 56n
Fe
+ 16n
O
=10.44 (1)
+L BT E: 3n
Fe
=2n
O
+ n
NO2
(2)
+T (1) v (2) n
Fe
=0.15 mol m=0.5*0.15*160=12 gam (BTNT Fe)
*Phng php kinh nghim
+p dng cng thc nhanh: m
Fe
=0.7*m
hn hp oxit Fe
+ 5.6*n
e trao i
=8.4 gam
+Suy ra : n
Fe
=0.15 mol m=12gam
Cu 2: t chy hon ton mt hn hp A (glucz, anehit fomic, axit axetic)
cn 2.24 lt O
2
(iu kin chun). Dn sn phm chy qua b nh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
, thy khi lng bnh tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6.2 B. 4.4 C. 3.1 D. 12.4
p n A.
Hng dn gii:
+D thy rng cc cht trong hn hp A c cng cng thc n gin
(CH
2
O)
n
+ nO
2
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O
+Theo phng trnh trn: n
CO2
=n
H2O
=n
O2
=0.1 mol
+Khi lng bnh tng chnh l khi lng H
2
O v CO
2
m=6.2 gam.
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Cu 3: Tng s ht ca mt nguyn t X l 28. X l
A. O B. N C. F D. Ne
p n C.
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php thng thng
+T iu kin: p n p 5 . 1 < <
3 5 . 3
T
p
T
< < (vi T l tng s ht)
Theo ta c: 33 . 9 8 < < p
+ p=8 X:O n=8 T=26 (loi)
+ p=9 X: F n=10 T=28 (tho)
*Phng php kinh nghim
V T 60 < (v khc 58) nn p=
]
]
]

3
T
=
]
]
]

3
28
=9 X: F
Cu 4: Bit Cu c s hiu nguyn t l 29. Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu
+
l
A. [Ar]3d
10
4s
1
B. [Ar]3d
9
4s
1
C.[Ar]3d
9
D.[Ar]3d
10
p n D.
Hng dn gii:
Cu hnh electron ca Cu l [Ar]3d
10
4s
1
Cu
+
: [Ar]3d
10
Cu 5: Cho phng trnh ho hc:
Al + HNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + N
2
O + H
2
O
(Bit t l th tch N
2
O: NO = 1 : 3). Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ho hc
trn vi h s cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s ca HNO
3
l
A. 66 B. 60 C. 64 D. 62
p n A.
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php thng thng
Cn bng phng trnh bng phng php oxi ha -kh
*Phng php kinh nghim
+p dng cng thc nhanh: n
HNO3
=4n
NO
+10n
N2O
=22n
N2O
+Suy ra h s ti gin ca HNO
3
phi chia ht cho 22, trong c 4 p n ch
c p n A l tha mn.
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Cu 6: a mt hn hp kh N
2
v H
2
c t l 1: 3 vo thp tng hp, sau phn
ng thy th tch kh i ra gim 1/10 so vi ban u. Tnh thnh phn phn
trm v th tch ca hn hp kh sau phn ng.
A. 20%, 60%, 20% B. 22.22%, 66.67%, 11.11%
C. 30%, 60%, 10% D. 33.33%, 50%, 16.67%
p n B.
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php thng thng
N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3
Ban u: 1 3
Phn ng: a 3a 2a
Cn bng: 1-a 3-3a 2a
Th tch kh gim : 2a
Theo : 2a/4=1/10 a=0.2 %N
2
% 22 . 22 % 100 *
2 * 2 . 0 4
2 . 0 1
=

= chn B
*Phng php kinh nghim
+Trong phn ng c hiu sut nh hn 100%, nu t l cc cht tham gia phn
ng bng ng h s cn bng phng tr nh th sau phn ng phn cht d cng
c t l ng bng h s cn bng trong phn ng. C th trng hp ny l 1:3.
Do A v B c kh nng l p n ng
+Trong phn ng tng hp amoniac, th tch kh gim sau phn ng ng
bng th tch kh NH
3
sinh ra, do , trong trng hp ny, %NH
3
=10% hn hp
u hay l 1/9=11.11% hn hp sau. Do B l p n ng.
Cu 7: Dy gm cc cht no sau y u c tnh lng tnh ?
A. Al, NaHCO
3
, NaAlO
2
, ZnO, Be(OH)
2
B. H
2
O, Zn(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONH
4
, H
2
NCH
2
COOH, NaHCO
3
C. AlCl
3
, H
2
O, NaHCO
3
, Zn(OH)
2,
ZnO
D. ZnCl
2
, AlCl
3,
NaAlO
2
, NaHCO
3
, H
2
NCH
2
COOH
p n B
Hng dn gii:
+ Al, ZnCl
2
, AlCl
3
, NaAlO
2
khng phi l cht lng tnh
Cu 8: C 4 dung dch trong sut , mi dung dch ch cha mt cation v mt
loi anion. Cc loi ion trong c 4 dung dch gm: Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Pb
2+
, Na
+
,
SO
4
2-
, Cl
-
, CO
3
2-
, NO
3
-
. l 4 dung dch g?
A. BaCl
2
, MgSO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
, Pb(NO
3
)
2
B. BaCO
3
, MgSO
4
, NaCl, Pb(NO
3
)
2
C. BaCl
2
, PbSO
4
, MgCl
2
, Na
2
CO
3
D. Mg(NO
3
)
2
, BaCl
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, PbSO
4
p n A
Hng dn gii:
+ BaCO
3
, PbSO
4
l nhng cht kt ta nn ch c p n A l ph hp
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Cu 9: Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO
3
(xc tc
MnO
2
), KMnO
4
, KNO
3
v AgNO
3
. Cht to ra lng O
2
t nht l
A. KClO
3
B. KMnO
4
C. KNO
3
D. AgNO
3
p n D.
Hng dn gii:
+D thy rng AgNO
3
l cht c phn t khi ln nht nn s c s mol nh
nht, mt khc n
O2
=
2
3
n
KClO3
=
2
1
n
KMnO4
=
2
1
n
KNO3
=
2
1
n
AgNO3
nn AgNO
3
l cht
to ra lng O
2
t nht
Cu 10: Pht biu no sau y l ng:
A. Photpho trng c cu trc mng tinh th nguyn t, photpho c cu
trc polime
B. Nitrophotka l hn hp ca NH
4
H
2
PO
4
v KNO
3
C. Thy tinh lng l dung dch m c ca Na
2
SiO
3
v K
2
SiO
3
D. Cacbon monooxit v silic ioxit l oxit axit
p n C
Hng dn gii:
+Photpho trng c cu trc mng tinh th phn t
+Nitrophotka l hn hp ca (NH
4
)
2
HPO4 v KNO
3
+Cacbon monooxit l oxit trung tnh
Cu 11: Cho cc kim loi: Cr, W , Fe , Cu , Cs . Sp xp theo chiu tng dn
cng t tri sang phi l
A. Cu < Cs < Fe < W < Cr B. Cs < Cu < Fe < W < Cr
C. Cu < Cs < Fe < Cr < W D. Cs < Cu < Fe < Cr < W
p n B
Hng dn gii:
+Kim loi c cng ln nht l Cr
+Kim loi c cng nh nht l Cs
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Cu 12: Ho tan 5.4 gam bt Al vo 150 ml dung dch A cha Fe(NO
3
)
3
1M v
Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M. Kt thc phn ng thu c m gam rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10.95 B. 13.20 C. 13.80 D. 15.20
p n C
Hng dn gii:
n
Al
=0.2 mol ; n
Fe(NO3)3
=0.15 mol ; n
Cu(NO3)2
=0.15 mol
*Phng php thng thng
Al + 3Fe
3+
Al
3+
+ 3Fe
2+
0.05 0.15 0.15
2Al + 3Cu
2+
2Al
3+
+ 3Cu
0.1 0.15 0.15
2Al + 3Fe
2+
2Al
3+
+ 3Fe
0.05 0.075 0.075
m=56*0.075 + 64*0.15=13.8 gam
*Phng php kinh nghim ( phng php khong v BTE)
+V n
Fe3+
+2n
Cu2+
< 3n
Al
< 3n
Fe3+
+2n
Cu2+
+Nn suy ra :
m=0.15*64 + 56*(0.2-0.15/3-0.15*2/3)*3/2=13.8 gam
Cu 13: A l hn hp kh gm SO
2
v CO
2
c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 27. Dn a
mol hn hp kh A qua bnh ng 1 lt dung dch NaOH 1.5a M, sau phn ng
c cn dung dch thu c m gam mui. Biu thc lin h gia m v a l
A. m=105a B. m=103.5a C. m=116a D. m=141a
p n A
Hng dn gii:
M
A
=54
*Phng php thng thng (phng php trung b nh)
+Xem A l kh XO
2
v M
A
=54 X=22
Theo T=n
NaOH
/n
XO2
=1.5 Phn ng sinh ra 2 mui: NaHXO
3
v Na
2
XO
3
+Mt khc T=0.5 nn n
NaHXO3
=n
Na2XO3
=0.5a mol
Suy ra m=0.5a*94 + 0.5a*116=105a
*Phng php kinh nghim
D thy phn ng sinh 2 mui
p dng cng thc nhanh: m=(54+18)*a + 22*1.5a = 105a
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Cu 14: Sc V lt CO
2
( iu kin chun) vo 200 ml dung dch X gm Ba(OH)
2
1M v NaOH 1M . Sau phn ng thu c 19.7 gam kt ta, gi tr ca V l
A. 2.24 v 4.48 B. 2.24 v 11.2 C. 6.72 v 4.48 D. 5.6v 1.2
p n B
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php kinh nghim
n
OH-
=0.6 mol, n
BaCO3
=0.1 mol
+TH1: n
CO2
=n
BaCO3
=0.1mol V=2.24 lt
+TH2: n
CO2
=n
OH-
- n
BaCO3
=0.5 mol V=11.2 lt
Cu 15: Ho tan ht m gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo nc c dung dch A. Cho 300 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M vo A, thu c a gam kt ta. Mc khc, nu cho 4 00 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M vo A, cng thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 21.375 B. 42.75 C. 17.1 D. 22.8
p n A
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php kinh nghim
+TH1: n
NaOH(1)
=3n
kt ta
=0.3 mol (*)
+TH2: n
NaOH(2)
=4n
Al3+
- n
kt ta
=0.4 mol (**)
+T (*) v (**) suy ra n
Al3+
=0.125 mol m=0.5* 0.125 *342=21.375 gam
Cu 16: A l hn hp cc mui Cu(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
.
Trong O chim 9.6% v khi lng. Cho dung dch KOH d vo dung dch
cha 50 gam mui A. Lc kt ta thu c em nung trong chn khng n khi
lng khng i thu c m gam oxit. Gi tr ca m l
A. 47.3 B. 44.6 C. 17.6 D. 39.2
p n B
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php kinh nghim (phng php tng gim khi lng)
n
NO3
- =
3
1
n
O
=
16 * 100
50 * 6 . 9
*
3
1
=0.1 mol
+S hp thc: 2NO
3
-
(trong mui)
O
2-
(trong oxit)
+Theo qui tc tng gim m=50 - *
2
1
n
NO3-
* (2*62-16)=44.6 gam
Cu 17: Cho a mol bt km vo dung dch c ha tan b mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
. Tm iu
kin lin h gia a v b sau khi kt thc phn ng khng c kim loi.
A. a 2b B. b > 3a C. b 2a D. b = 2a/3
p n C
Hng dn gii:
+ sau khi kt thc phn ng khng c kim loi th s mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
va
hoc d. p dng LBTE b 2a
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Cu 18: t chy hon ton 4.872 gam mt Hirocacbon X, dn sn phm
chy qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong. Sau phn ng thu c 27.93
gam kt ta v thy khi lng dung d ch gim 5.586 gam. Cng thc phn t
ca X l
A. CH
4
B. C
3
H
6
C. C
4
H
10
D. C
4
H
8
p n C
Hng dn gii:
+V khng ni nc vi trong d nn khi dn sn phm chy qua b nh
ng dung dch nc vi trong, kt thc phn ng s sinh 2 mui
+Ta c: m
CO2
+ m
H2O
=27.93 5.586=22.344 gam
Hay 44n
C
+ 9
H
= 22.344 (1)
+ Theo : 12n
C
+ n
H
= 4.872 (2)
+T (1) v (2) n
C
:n
H
=4:10C
4
H
10
Cu 19: in phn 2 lt dung dch hn hp gm NaCl v CuSO
4
n khi H
2
O b
in phn hai cc th dng li, ti catt thu 1.28 gam kim loi v ant thu
0.336 lt kh ( iu kin chun). Coi th tch dung dch khng i th pH ca
dung dch thu c bng
A. 12 B. 13 C. 2 D. 3
p n C
Hng dn gii:
n
Cu(sinh ra)
=0.02 mol , n
Kh
=0.015 mol
CuSO
4
+ 2NaCl Cu + Cl
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
a mol a mol
+V n
Kh
=0.015 mol nn CuSO
4
d
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O Cu + H
2
SO
4
+
2
1
O
2
b mol 0.5b
+Theo ta c h

= +
= +
015 . 0 5 . 0
02 . 0
b a
b a
b=0.01mol n
H+
=0.02mol
[H
+
]=0.01pH=2
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Cu 20: Cho t t 150 ml dd HCl 1M vo 500 ml dung dch A gm Na
2
CO
3
v
NaHCO
3
th thu c 1.008 lt kh (iu kin chun) v dung dch B. Cho dung dch
B tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c 29.55 gam kt ta. Nng mol
ca Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
trong dung dch A ln lt l:
A. 0.18M v 0.26M B. 0.21M v 0.18M
C. 0.21M v 0.32M D. 0.2M v 0.4M
p n B
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php kinh nghim (phng php nhm)
+n
HCl
=0.15 mol , n
CO2
=0.045 mol , n
BaCO3
=0.15 mol
+n
Na2CO3
=n
HCl
- n
CO2
=0.105 mol [Na
2
CO
3
]=0.21M
+n
NaHCO3
=n
BaCO3
+ 2n
CO2
- n
HCl
=0.09 mol [NaHCO3]=0.18M
Cu 21: Cho 3.2 gam Cu tc dng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp HNO
3
0.8M v
H
2
SO
4
0.2M, sn phm kh duy nht l kh NO. S gam mui khan thu c l
A. 7.90 B. 8.84 C. 5.64 D. 10.08
p n A
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php kinh nghim (3 ng 8 long 2 NO)
n
Cu
=0.05 mol , n
H+
=0.12 mol , n
NO3-
=0.08 mol
+D thy H
+
ht trc n
Cu(phn ng )
=0.12/8*3=0.045 mol
n
NO3-(to mui)
=(0.08-0.12/4)=0.05 mol
+Suy ra m
mui
=0.045*64 + 0.05*62 + 0.02*96=7.9 gam
Cu 22: Hy cho bit, phn ng no sau y HCl ng vai tr l cht oxi ha?
A. Fe + KNO
3
+ 4HCl FeCl
3
+ KCl + NO + 2H
2
O
B. MnO
2
+ 4HCl MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
C. Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
D. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
p n C
Hng dn gii:
+HCl l cht oxi ha khi v ch khi phn ng sinh H
2
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Cu 23 : Cho hn hp kim loi Mg, Zn, Fe vo dung dch cha AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2.
.
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X gm 3 mui v cht rn Y
gm ba kim loi. Ba mui trong X l
A. Mg(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
, AgNO
3
B. Mg(NO
3
)
2
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
C. Mg(NO
3
)
2
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
D. Mg(NO
3
)
2
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
p n D
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php thng thng (loi tr)
Nguyn tc: Kh mnh gp oxi-ho mnh
+A) Sai v c mui st th dung dch X phi c mui km
+B) Sai v c mui ng th dung dch X phi c mui st
+C) Sai v c sinh mui st III th dung dch X phi c mui ng
*Phng php kinh nghim
+Dng trc oxi- ha kh d thy Y gm: Mg(NO
3
)
2
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
Cu 24: Cho 6.4 gam dung dch ru A c nng 71.875% tc dng vi lng d
Na thu c 2.8 lt H
2
iu kin chun. S nguyn t H c trong cng thc phn t
ru A l
A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10
p n C
Hng dn gii:
m
ru
=6.4*71.875/100=4.6 gam
m
nc
=1.8 gam n
nc
=0.1 mol
n
H2
=0.125 mol
M
ru
= n *
1 . 0 2 * 125 . 0
6 . 4

=92*n/3 (vi n l s nhm chc OH)

D thy A: C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
Cu 25: Cho cc cng thc phn t sau : C
3
H
7
Cl , C
3
H
8
O v C
3
H
9
N. Hy cho bit s
sp xp no sau y theo chiu tng dn s lng ng phn ng vi cc cng thc
phn t ?
A. C
3
H
7
Cl < C
3
H
8
O < C
3
H
9
N B. C
3
H
8
O < C
3
H
9
N < C
3
H
7
Cl
C. C
3
H
8
O < C
3
H
7
Cl < C
3
H
9
N D. C
3
H
7
Cl < C
3
H
9
N < C
3
H
8
O
p n A
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php thng thng :
+Vit ng phn
+ m
*Phng php kinh nghim
V Cl c ho tr I, O c ho th II , N c ho tr III nn s lng ng phn ca
C
3
H
7
Cl < C
3
H
8
O < C
3
H
9
N
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Cu 26: Cho 2.46 gam hn hp gm HCOOH, CH
3
COOH, C
6
H
5
OH, H
2
NCH
2
COOH
tc dng va vi 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tng khi lng mui khan thu c
sau khi phn ng l
A. 3.52 gam B. 6.45 gam C. 8.42 gam D. 3.34 gam
p n D
Hng dn gii:
+p dng phng php tng gim khi lng :
m
mui
=2.46 + 22* 0.04 =3.34 gam
Cu 27: Dy cc cht u lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm l
A. Etilen, axetilen, anehit fomic, toluen B. Axeton, etilen, anehit axetic, cumen
C. Benzen, but-1-en, axit fomic, p-xilen D. Xiclobutan, but-1-in, m-xilen, axit axetic
p n A
Hng dn gii:
Axeton, Benzen, Xiclobutan khng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm d nhit
cao
Cu 28: t chy 1.6 gam mt este E n chc c 3.52 gam CO
2
v 1.152 gam
H
2
O. Nu cho 10 gam E tc dng vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 1M , c cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c 16 gam cht rn khan . Vy cng thc ca axit to
nn este trn c th l
A. CH
2
=CH-COOH B. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOH
C. HOOC(CH
2
)
3
CH
2
OH D. HOOC-CH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
3
p n C
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php kinh nghim
n
CO2
=0.08 mol , n
H2O
=0.064 mol
n
C
/n
H
=5:8 E: C
5
H
8
O
2
D thy : 10 + 0.15*40 = 16 E l este vngp n C l ph hp
Cu 29: Cht bo A c ch s axit l 7. x phng ho 10 kg A, ngi ta un
nng n vi dung dch cha 1.420 kg NaOH. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
trung ho hn hp, cn dng 500ml dung dch HCl 1M. Khi lng x ph ng
(kg) thu c l
A. 10.3425 B. 10.3435 C. 10.3445 D. 10.3455
p n A
Hng dn gii:
S mg KOH cn trung ho 10 kg cht bo A l: 10000*7=70000 mg=0. 07 kg
Suy ra NaOH cn trung ho cht bo A l: 0. 07/56=0.00125 kmol
NaOH cn dng phn ng vi 10 kg A l: 1.420/40-0.5/1000=0.035 kmol
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c
m
A
+ m
NaOH(phn ng vi A)
=m
x phng
+ m
glyxerol
+ m
H2O
m
x phng
=10 + 0.035*40 - 0.00125*18 - 92*1/3*(0.035-0.00125)=10.3425 gam
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Trang11
Cu 30: Dy ch cha nhng ami no axit c s nhm amino v s nhm cacboxyl
bng nhau l
A. Gly, Ala, Glu, Tyr B. Gly, Val, Tyr, Ala
C. Gly, Val , Lys, Ala D. Gly, Ala, Glu, Lys
p n B
Hng dn gii:
+Glu c 2 nhm cacboxyl v 1 nhm amino
+Lys c 1 nhm cacboxyl v 2 nhm amino
Cu 31: Cho 29.8 gam hn hp 2 amin n chc k tip tc dng ht vi dung dch
HCl, lm kh dung dch thu c 51.7 gam mui khan. Cng th c phn t 2 amin
l
A. CH
5
N v C
2
H
7
N B. C
2
H
7
N v C
3
H
9
N
C. C
3
H
9
N v C
4
H
11
N D. C
3
H
7
N v C
4
H
9
N
p n B
Hng dn gii:
M= 67 . 49
5 . 36
8 . 29 7 . 51
8 . 29
=

p n B l ph hp
Cu 32: Cho cc cht: amoniac (1); anilin (2); p -nitroanilin(3); p-metylanilin (4) ;
metylamin (5) ; imetylamin (6) . Hy chn s sp xp cc cht trn theo th t
lc baz tng dn .
A . (3) < (2) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6) B . (2) > (3) > (4) > (1) > (5) > (6)
C . (2) < (3) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6) D . (3) < (1) < (4) <(2) < (5) < (6)
p n A
Hng dn gii:
Mt electron cng cao th tnh baz cng mnh
Cu 33: Thy phn 34.2 gam mantz vi hiu sut 50%. Sau tin hnh phn
ng trng bc vi dung dch thu c. Khi lng Ag kt ta l
A. 43.2 gam B. 32.4 gam C. 21.6 gam D. 10.8 gam
p n B
Hng dn gii
Lu
+1mol Mantoz tin hnh phn ng trng bc sinh 2 mol Ag
+1mol Mantoz thu phn hon ton sau ly dung dch thu c tin hnh phn
ng trng bc sinh 4 mol Ag
n
mantz
=0.1 mol
+Suy ra : m
Ag
=108*(0.1*0.5*2 + 0.1*0.5*4)=32.4 gam
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Trang12
Cu 34: C 45.75 gam cao su buna-S phn ng va ht vi 20 gam brom trong CCl
4
. T
l mt xch butaien v stiren trong cao su buna-S l
A. 1 : 3 B. 1 : 2 C. 2 : 3 D. 3 : 5
p n A
Hng dn gii
n
Buta-1,3-dien
=n
Brom
=0.125mol
n
Stiren
= 375 . 0
104
54 * 125 . 0 75 . 45
=

mol
T l mt xch butaien v stiren trong cao su buna-S l T=0.125/0.375=1:3
Cu 35: Cho cc cht sau : axetilen, axit fomic, fomanehit, phenyl fomat,
glucz, anehit axetic, metyl axetat, mantz, natri fomat, axeton. S cht c th
tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 8 B. 7 C. 5 D. 6
p n B
Hng dn gii
Axetilen, metyl axetat, axeton khng tham gia phn ng trng gng
Cu 36: nhn bit ba l mt nhn: phenol, stiren, ancol benzylic, ngi ta dng
mt thuc th duy nht l
A. Nc brom B. Dung dch NaOH C. Na D. Ca(OH)
2
p n A
Hng dn gii
+ Phenol + brom kt ta trng
+ Stiren + brom mt mu dung dch brom
+ Ancol benzylic + brom khng c hin tng
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Trang13
Cu 37: Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v C
2
H
4
c t khi so vi He l 3.75. Dn X qua Ni nung
nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho
l
A. 40% B. 50% C. 25% D. 20%
p n B
Hng dn gii
*Phng php thng thng (phng php ng cho+phng php 3 d ng)
+Theo d
X/He
=3.75 nn:
) ( 1
2 75 . 3 * 4
28 75 . 3 * 4
4 2 2
4 2
2
mol x n n
n
n
H C H
H C
H
= = =

=
H
2
+ C
2
H
4
C
2
H
6
Ban u: x x
Phn ng: x*H% x*H% x*H%
Cn li : x*(1-H%) x*(1-H%) x*H%
+ Mt khc: d
Y/He
=5 nn:
% 50 % 4 * 5
H%) - (2 * x
30 * H% * x 28 * H%) - (1 * x 2 * H%) - (1 * x
= =
+ +
H
*Phng php kinh nghim (phng php BTKL+t chn lng cht)
+LBTKL: n
X
*4*3.75=n
Y
*4*5 3n
X
=4n
Y
Chn n
X
=4 mol v n
Y
=3 mol
+S mol kh gim chnh l s mol H
2
phn ng n
H2 phn ng
=1 mol
+S dng ng cho: n
H2 ban u
=n
C2H4 ban u
=2 mol
H%=
2
1
=50%
Cu 38: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra axit
axetic l:
A. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. B. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
, CH
3
OH, CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
CHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
(glucoz), CH
3
OH. D. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
p n D
Hng dn gii
+CH
3
OH + CO
t xt ,
CH
3
COOH
+C
2
H
5
OH + O
2

mengim
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O
+2CH
3
CHO +O
2

t xt ,
2CH
3
COOH
Cu 39: Cho dy cc cht: CH
4
, C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
2
=CH-COOH,
C
6
H
5
NH
2
(anilin), C
6
H
5
OH (phenol), C
6
H
6
(benzen), CH
3
CHO. S cht trong dy phn
ng c vi nc brom l
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
p n B
Hng dn gii
CH
4
, C
2
H
5
OH , C
6
H
6
(benzen) khng phn ng c vi nc brom
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Trang14
Cu 40: Ru X, anehit Y, axit cacboxylic Z c cng s nguyn t H trong phn t,
thuc cc dy ng ng no n chc mch h. t hon ton hn hp 3 cht ny (c s
mol bng nhau) thu c t l mol CO
2
:H
2
O=11:12 . Vy cng thc phn t ca X, Y,
Z l:
A. CH
4
O, C
2
H
4
O, C
2
H
4
O
2
B. C
2
H
6
O, C
3
H
6
O, C
3
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
O, C
4
H
8
O, C
4
H
8
O
2
D. C
4
H
10
O, C
5
H
10
O, C
5
H
10
O
2
p n C
Hng dn gii
*Phng php kinh nghim (phng php t chn lng cht)
CO
2
:H
2
O=11:12 chn n
CO2
=11 mol v n
H2O
= 12 mol
Suy ra n
X
=12-11=1 mol
V 3 cht c s mol bng nhau nn s nguyn t H trong mi cht l
H= 8
1 * 3
2 * 12
=
II. PHN RING [10 cu] :Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc
B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Cho cc dung dch sau: Na
2
CO
3
, NaOH v CH
3
COONa c cng nng mol/l
v c cc gi tr pH tng ng l pH
1
, pH
2
v pH
3
. S sp xp no ng vi trnh t tng
dn pH.
A. pH
3
< pH
1
< pH
2
B. pH
3
< pH
2
< pH
1
C. pH
1
< pH
3
< pH
2
D. pH
1
< pH
2
< pH
3
p n A
Hng dn gii
Tnh baz cng mnh th pH cng cao v tnh baz ca
NaOH>Na
2
CO
3
>CH
3
COONa nn pH
3
< pH
1
< pH
2
Cu 42: Cho 13.8 gam axit A tc dng vi 16.8 gam KOH , c cn dung dch sau phn
ng thu c 26.46 gam cht rn. cng thc cu to thu gn ca A l
A. C
3
H
6
COOH B. C
2
H
5
COOH C. CH
3
COOH D. HCOOH
p n C
Hng dn gii
*Phng php kinh nghim (phng php bo ton khi lng)
+n
KOH
=0.3 mol v 2 . 88
3 . 0
46 . 26
= (l) nn KOH d
+m
H2O
= 13.8 + 16.8 26.46=4.14 gam n
A
=n
H2O
=4.14/18=0.23 mol
Suy ra M
A
=13.8/0.23=60
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Trang15
Cu 43: Chn pht biu ng:
A. Tnh oxi ha ca Ag
+
> Cu
2+
> Fe
3+
> Ni
2+
> Fe
2+
B. Tnh kh ca K > Mg > Zn > Ni > Fe > Hg
C. Tnh kh ca K > Fe > Cu > I
-
> Fe
2+
> Ag
D. Tnh oxi ha ca Ag
+
> I
2
> Fe
3+
> Cu
2+
> S
2-
p n C
Hng dn gii
+A) Sai v tnh oxi ha ca Fe
3+
>Cu
2+
+B) Sai v tnh kh ca Fe>Ni
+D) Sai v tnh oxi ha ca Fe
3+
> I
2
Cu 44: Cn ti thiu bao nhiu gam NaOH (m
1
) v Cl
2
(m
2
) phn ng hon ton vi
0.01 mol CrCl
3
. Gi tr ca m
1
v m
2
ln lt l
A. 3.2 v 1.065 B. 3.2 v 0.5325 C. 6.4 v 0.5325 D. 6.4 v 1.065
p n A
Hng dn gii
*Phng php thng thng (Tnh theo phng tr nh)
2CrCl
3
+ 16NaOH + 3Cl
2
2Na
2
CrO
4
+ 12NaCl + 8H
2
O
0.01 mol 0.08 0.015
Suy ra m
NaOH
=3.2 gam v m
Cl2
=1.065 gam
*Phng php kinh nghim ( BTE+ BTNT)
+BTE: 3n
CrCl3
=2n
Cl2
n
Cl2
=0.015 mol m
Cl2
=1.065 gam
+BTNT: n
NaOH
=2n
Na2CrO4
+ n
NaCl
=8n
CrCl3
=0.08 mol m
NaOH
=3.2 gam
Cu 45: Ch dng mt thuc th phn bit cc kim loi sau: Mg, Zn, Fe, Ba?
A. Dung dch NaOH
B. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
long
C. Dung dch HCl
D. Nc
p n B
Hng dn gii
Cho mi mu th kim loi tc dng vi mi ng nghim ng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long , ng nghim c to kt ta trng th kim loi cho vo l Ba, tip tc cho Ba d
vo v trong dung dich c nc nn Ba s tc dng vi nc to Ba(OH)
2
ly dung dch
thu c lm thuc th, cho t t cho n d vo 3 ng nghim cn li:
+ng nghim no ch to kt ta trng th kim loi cho vo l Mg
+ ng nghim no to kt ta trng sau kt ta tan ht th kim loi cho vo l Zn
+ ng nghim no to kt ta mu lc nht sau chuyn sang mu nu th kim loi
cho vo l Fe
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Trang16
Cu 46: t chy hon ton 1 mol ancol no A cn 3.5 mol O
2
. Cng thc phn t ca A
l
A. C
2
H
6
O B. C
2
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
O
3
D. C
3
H
6
O
2
p n C
Hng dn gii
*Phng php thng thng
+t cng thc A l C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
+ (
4
2 2 6 x n +
) O
2
nCO
2
+ (n+1)H
2
O
+Theo : (
4
2 2 6 x n +
)=3.5 6n 2x =12 n=3 v x=3
*Phng php kinh nghim
V = 5 . 3
2
A
O
n
n
S C = S O=3
Cu 47: Cho 0.1 mol cht X ( CH
6
O
3
N
2
) tc dng vi dung dch cha 0.2 mol NaOH un
nng thu c cht kh lm xanh giy qu tm m v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu
c m gam rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8.5 B. 12.5 C. 15 D. 21.8
p n B
Hng dn gii
+T gi thit suy ra cng thc cu to ca X l: CH
3
NH
3
NO
3
+Rn gm : NaOH d(0.1 mol) v NaNO
3
( 0.1 mol)
m=0.1* 40 + 0.1 *85 =12.5 gam
Cu 48: Ho tan 19.2 gam Cu vo 500 ml dung dch NaNO
3
1M, sau thm vo
500ml dung dch HCl 2M . Kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch X v kh NO duy
nht, phi thm bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo X kt ta ht ion Cu
2+
A. 600 B. 800 C. 400 D. 120
p n B
Hng dn gii
n
Cu
=0.3 mol , n
H+
=1mol , n
NO3
- =0.5 mol
*Phng php kinh nghim ( 3ng 8 long 2NO)
+D thy H
+
d v Cu phn ng ht: n
H+(d)
=1 0.3/3 * 8=0.2 mol
+ kt ta ht ion Cu
2+
th
n
NaOH
=n
H+(d)
+ 2n
Cu
=0.2 + 2*0.3 =0.8 mol V=800 ml
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Trang17
Cu 49: Thy phn hon ton mt lng mantoz, sau cho ton b lng glucoz
thu c ln men thnh ancol etylic th thu c 100 ml ancol 46
0
. Khi lng ring
ca ancol l 0,8gam/ml. Hp th ton b kh CO
2
vo dung dch NaOH d thu c
mui c khi lng l
A. 106 gam B. 84.8 gam C. 212 gam D.169.6 gam
p n B
Hng dn gii
+S mol CO
2
: n
CO2
=n
Etylic
=46*0.8/46=0.8 mol m
mui
=m
Na2CO3
=106*0.8=84.8 gam
Cu 50: Hirat ho 3.36 lt C
2
H
2
( iu kin chun) thu c hn hp A ( hiu sut
phn ng 60%) . Cho hn hp sn phm A tc dng vi d ung dch Ag
2
O/NH
3
d thu
c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19.44 B. 33.84 C. 14.4 D. 48.24
p n B
Hng dn gii
n
C2H2
=0.15 mol
+Hn hp A gm 0.09 mol CH
3
CHO v 0.06 mol C
2
H
2
d
+Rn gm Ag v C
2
Ag
2
m=108* 2*0.09 + 240* 0.06=33.84 gam
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Xt phn ng thun nghch sau:
SO
2
(k) + NO
2
(k) SO
3
(k) + NO(k).
Cho 0.11(mol) SO
2
, 0.1(mol) NO
2
, 0.07(mol) SO
3
vo bnh kn 1 lt. Khi t cn bng
ha hc th cn li 0.02(mol) NO
2
. Vy hng s cn bng K
C
l
A. 18 B. 20 C. 23 D. 0.05
p n B
Hng dn gii
+Phng php 3 dng:
SO
2
(k) + NO
2
(k) SO
3
(k) + NO(k)
Ban u : 0.11 0.1 0.07
Phn ng: 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
Cn bng: 0.03 0.02 0.15 0.08
Suy ra K
C
= 20
02 . 0 * 03 . 0
15 . 0 * 08 . 0
=
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Trang18
Cu 52: Cho Na d tc dng vi a gam dung dch CH
3
COOH. Kt thc phn ng, thy
khi lng H
2
sinh ra l
240
11a
. Vy nng C% dung dch axit l
A. 10% B. 25% C. 4.58% D. 36%
p n B
Hng dn gii
H
2
sinh ra do Na phn ng vi CH
3
COOH v nc trong dung dch
Suy ra:
240
11
18
%) 1 ( *
60
% * a C a C a
=

+ C%=25%
Cu 53: Cho 0.1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau
trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng thu
c 32.4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. CH
3
CHO v C
2
H
5
CHO. B. CH
3
CHO v C
3
H
5
CHO.
C. HCHO v CH
3
CHO. D. HCHO v C
2
H
5
CHO.
p n C
Hng dn gii
n
Ag
=0.3
+V n
Ag
/n
X
=3 v X gmhai anehit no, n chc nn X phi cha HCHO mt khc l
hai anehit k tip nhau trong dy ng ng nn ch c p n C l ph hp
Cu 54: Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch FeCl
3
l:
A. Fe, Mg, Cu, Ag, Al B. Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, Mg
C. Cu, Ag, Au, Mg, Fe D. Au, Cu, Al, Mg, Zn
p n B
Hng dn gii
Ag, Au khng tc dng vi dung dch FeCl
3
Cu 55: Cn bao nhiu a mol K
2
Cr
2
O
7
v b mol HCl iu ch c 3.36 lit Cl
2
iu
kin chun. Gi tr a v b ln lt l:
A. 0.05 v 0.7 B. 0.05 v 0.35
C. 0.1 v 0.7 D. 0.1 v 0.35
p n A
Hng dn gii
*Phng php thng thng (Tnh theo phng trnh)
n
Cl2
=0.15 mol
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ 14HCl 2CrCl
3
+ 2KCl +3Cl
2
+ 7H
2
O
0.05 mol 0.7 mol 0.15 mol
*Phng php kinh nghim (BTE + BTNT)
+BTE: 6
7 2 2
O Cr K
n
=2
2
Cl
n

7 2 2
O Cr K
n
= 0.15/3=0.05 mol
+BTNT: n
HCl
=3
3
CrCl
n
+ n
KCl
+ 2
2
Cl
n
=14
7 2 2
O Cr K
n
=0.7 mol
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Trang19
Cu 56: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm FeS
2
0.24 mol v Cu
2
S vo dung dch HNO
3
va thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v V lt kh NO duy nht . Gi tr
ca V l
A. 34.048 B. 35.84 C. 31.36 D. 25.088
p n B
Hng dn gii
*Phng php thng thng (BTT+BTNT+ BTE)
+Gi a l s mol Cu
2
S. Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
, SO
4
2-
+BTT: 3n
Fe3+
+ 2n
Cu2+
= 2 2
4
SO
n
+ BTNT: 3*0.24 + 2*2a = 2*(2*0.24 + a)
a=0.12 mol
+BTE: 15*0.24 + 0.12*10 = n
NO
*3n
NO
=1.6 mol V=35.84 lt
*Phng php kinh nghim
+p dng cng thc nhanh
) ( 12 . 0
2
1
2 2
mol n n
FeS S Cu
= =
+BTE: 15*0.24 + 0.12*10 = n
NO
*3n
NO
=1.6 mol V=35.84 lt
Cu 57: nhn bit cc kh: CO
2
, SO
2
, H
2
S, N
2
cn dng cc dung dch:
A. Nc brom v NaOH B. NaOH v Ca(OH)
2
C. Nc brom v Ca(OH)
2
D. KMnO
4
v NaOH
p n C
Hng dn gii
*Dng nc brom ta phn bit c 2 nhm:
+Nhm I: Lm mt mu dung dch brom gm SO
2
v H
2
S
+Nhm II:Khng lm mt mu dung dch brom gm CO
2
v N
2
*Dng Ca(OH)
2
ta nhn bit c SO
2
v CO
2
c xut hin kt ta trng
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Trang20
Cu 58: t chy hon ton 1 mol ancol no A cn 2.5 mol O
2
. Cng thc phn t ca A
l
A. C
2
H
6
O B. C
2
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
O
3
D. C
3
H
6
O
2
p n B
Hng dn gii
*Phng php thng thng
t cng thc A l C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
+ (
4
2 2 6 x n +
) O
2
nCO
2
+ (n+1)H
2
O
+Theo : (
4
2 2 6 x n +
)=2.5 6n 2x =8 n=2 v x=2
*Phng php kinh nghim
V = 5 . 2
2
A
O
n
n
S C = S O=2
Cu 59: Cho 20 gam hn hp 3 amin no n chc l ng ng k tip c t l mol tng
ng l 1: 10 : 5, tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c 31.68 gam hn hp mui.
Tng s ng phn ca 3 amin trn l
A. 7 B. 14 C. 28 D. 16
p n B
Hng dn gii
*Phng php kinh nghim
+M
amin
= 5 . 62
5 . 36
20 68 . 31
20
=

+Gi X l amin c phn t khi nh nht. Theo gi thit ta c

X + 10*(X+14) + 5*(X+28) = 62.5*(1+ 10 + 5) X=45
+Suy ra 3 amin trn l: C
2
H
7
N, C
3
H
9
N, C
4
H
11
N
+ p dng cng thc tnh s ng phn: T= 2
1
+ 2
2
+ 2
3
=14
Cu 60: Ln men m gam glucz vi hiu sut 90%, lng CO
2
sinh ra hp th ht vo
nc vi trong thu c 15 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch gim 5.1 gam. Gi tr m
l
A. 20.25 B. 22.5 C. 30 D. 45
p n B
Hng dn gii
m
CO2
= 15 -5.1 =9.9 gam n
CO2
= 0.225 mol
Suy ra m= 0.5 * 0.225*180*100/90 = 22.5 gam
Ngy 10 thng 6 nm 2010, THPT Ng Gia T-Ph Lm Tuy Ho-Ph Yn
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