B GIO DC V O TO

CHNH THC
( thi c 06 trang)

THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2010

Mn thi : HA HC; Khi B
Thi gian lm bi : 90 pht, khng k thi gian pht

M thi 174
Ho, tn th sinh:
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t :
H = 1, Be =9, C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; P = 31, S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Sr = 88, Ag=108; Ba = 137, Pb=207.
I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1 : Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. Thy phn X to ra hai ancol n
chc c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l
A. CH3OCO-CH2-COOC2H5.
B. C2H5OCO-COOCH3.
C. CH3OCO-COOC3H7.
D. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5.
Gii: Ch c este to thnh t 2 ancol: CH3OH v C2H5OH tha mn
Cu 2: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi gian thu
c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO3 (d), thu c 0,672 lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). S mol HNO3 phn ng l
A. 0,12.
B. 0,14.
C. 0,16.
D. 0,18.
Gii: Ta c: nHNO3 = 2nO (oxit) + 4nNO =

0,672
(2,71 2,23 )
.2 + 4. 22 ,4 = 0,18 mol
16

Cu 3: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml

dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc)
v 11,7 gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l
A. 0,015.
B. 0,010.
C. 0,020.
D. 0,005.
Gii: Ta c: axit panmitic, axit stearic no n chc nn khi chy to nH2O = nCO2 cn axit linoleic
khng no c 2 lin kt i trong gc HC v n chc nn khi chy cho: 2naxit = nCO2- nH2O .
naxit linoleic = (0,68 0,65)/2 = 0,015 mol
Cu 4: Phng php loi b tp cht HCl c ln trong kh H 2S l: Cho hn hp kh li t t qua mt
lng d dung dch
A. Pb(NO3)2.
B. NaHS.
C. AgNO3.
D. NaOH.
Gii: Dng NaHS. V cc cht cn li u tc dng vi H2S
Cu 5: Pht biu no sau y khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca nhm v crom?
A. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dung dch H2SO4 c ngui.
B. Nhm c tnh kh mnh hn crom.
C. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l v s mol.
D. Nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v trong nc.
Gii: Al tc dng vi HCl to AlCl3 cn Cr tc dng vi HCl to CrCl2
Cu 6: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng cng thc phn t l C 3H7NO2, u l cht rn iu kin
thng. Cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh. Cht Y c phn ng trng ngng. Cc
cht X v Y ln lt l
A. vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat.
B. amoni acrylat v axit 2-aminopropionic.
C. axit 2-aminopropionic v amoni acrylat.
D. axit 2-aminopropionic v axit 3-aminopropionic.
Gii: CH2=CH-COONH4 (tc dng NaOH to kh NH3) v CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH c phn ng
trng ngng
Cu 7: Kh hon ton m gam oxit MxOy cn va 17,92 lt kh CO (ktc), thu c a gam kim loi
M. Ha tan ht a gam M bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt kh SO2 (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Oxit MxOy l
A. Cr2O3.
B. FeO.
C. Fe3O4.
D. CrO.
Gii: Gi s M M +x M+m. (+x l s oxi ha ca M trong oxit, +m l s oxi ha ca M trong
mui sunfat).
Ta c: nelectron ion kim loi trong oxit nhn = 2nCO = 1,6 mol (khi tc dng vi CO)
Trang 1/6 M 174

nelectron kim loi nhng = 2nSO2 = 1,8 mol (khi tc dng vi H2SO4 c nng)
x
8

=
. Ch c cp m = 3; x = 8/3 tha mn.
m
9

Cu 8: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH, Na2CO3,
KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l
A. 4.
B. 7.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Gii: Ba(HCO3)2 tc dng vi cc cht to kt ta l: NaOH, Na2CO3, KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2,
H2SO4.
Cu 9: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt aminoaxit (no, mch h,
trong phn t cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y, thu c
tng khi lng CO2 v H2O bng 54,9 gam. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X, sn phm thu c cho li
t t qua nc vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 120.
B. 60.
C. 30.
D. 45.
Gii: Gi CT ca amino axit l: CnH2n+1NO2 CT ca X l: C2nH4nN2O3
CT ca Y l: C3nH6n-1N3O4
+O
C3nH6n-7N3O4 3nCO2 + (3n -3,5)H2O + 1,5N2
0,1
0,3n
(3n-3,5).0,1
0,3n.44 + (3n-0,5).0,1.18 = 54,9 n = 3.
Vy khi t chy: C2nH4nN2O3 +O 2nCO2
0,2 mol
1,2 mol
m = 1,2 .100 = 120 gam
Cu 10: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (MX > MY) c tng khi lng l 8,2
gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam mui. Mt khc,
nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc
v phn trm khi lng ca X trong Z l
A. C3H5COOH v 54,88%.
B. C2H3COOH v 43,90%.
C. C2H5COOH v 56,10%.
D. HCOOH v 45,12%.
Gii: n hn hp axit = (11,5-8,2)/22 = 0,15 mol
nHCOOH = n Ag = 0,1 mol
0,1.46 + 0,05.(R + 45) = 8,2 R = 27 (C2H3). Vy axit X: C2H3COOH ( 43,90%)
Cu 11: Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l:
A. HBr, CO2, CH4.
B. Cl2, CO2, C2H2.
C. NH3, Br2, C2H4.
D. HCl, C2H2, Br2.
Gii: Cl2 ( = 0 ), CO2 v C2H2 c lai ha sp
Cu 12: Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d54s1.
B. [Ar]3d64s2.
C. [Ar]3d64s1.
D. [Ar]3d34s2.
Cu 13: Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 11,25. t chy
hon ton 4,48 lt X, thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (cc th tch kh o ktc). Cng thc ca ankan v anken
ln lt l
A. CH4 v C2H4.
B. C2H6 v C2H4.
C. CH4 v C3H6.
D. CH4 v C4H8.
Gii: M X = 22,5 . Nn ankan l CH4. mH = mX - mC = 0,9gam nH2O =0,45 mol
nCH4 = 0,45 0,3 = 0,15 mol nanken = 0,2 0,15 = 0,05 mol.
Gi CTPT anken: CnH2n (n 2) n = 3 (C3H6)
2

Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?

A. Trong cc dung dch: HCl, H2SO4, H2S c cng nng 0,01M, dung dch H2S c pH ln
nht.
B. Nh dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch CuSO4, thu c kt ta xanh.
C. Dung dch Na2CO3 lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn sang mu hng.
D. Nh dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch AlCl3, thu c kt ta trng.
Gii: Kt ta xanh sau tan to dung dch mu xanh lam thm khi NH3 d
Cu 15: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, t0) to ra sn phm c kh nng phn ng
vi Na l:
A. C2H3CH2OH, CH3COCH3, C2H3COOH. B. C2H3CHO, CH3COOC2H3, C6H5COOH.
C. C2H3CH2OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH.
D. CH3OC2H5, CH3CHO, C2H3COOH.
Trang 2/6 M 174

Cu 16: Mt loi phn supephotphat kp c cha 69,62% mui canxi ihirophotphat, cn li gm cc

cht khng cha photpho. dinh dng ca loi phn ln ny l
A. 48,52%.
B. 42,25%.
C. 39,76%.
D. 45,75%.
Gii: Gi s c 100 gam phn supephotphat kp c: Ca(H2PO4)2 P2O5
234 gam
142 gam
69,62 gam
42.25 gam
Cu 17: Cho 13,74 gam 2,4,6-trinitrophenol vo bnh kn ri nung nng nhit cao. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c x mol hn hp kh gm: CO2, CO, N2 v H2. Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,60.
B. 0,36.
C. 0,54.
D. 0,45.
t
Gii: C6H3N3O7 CO2 + 5CO + 1,5N2 + 1,5H2
0,06
0,06
0,3
0,09
0,09
x = 0,54 mol
Cu 18: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro
bng 23. Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2 gam. Cho Y tc
dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng
ca propan-1-ol trong X l
A. 65,2%.
B. 16,3%.
C. 48,9%.
D. 83,7%.
Gii: M X = 46 2 anol CH3OH v C3H7OH (c 2 ng phn) v nCH3OH = nC3H7OH ).
Ta c: n hn hp ancol = 0,2 mol
Gi s mol: propan-1-ol (x mol)
propan-2-ol (y mol)
/NH

4(x+y)
HCHO (x+y) AgNO
AgNO /NH
C2H5CHO x
2x
0

x + y = 0,1

x = 0,025

3 x + 2 y = 0,225 y = 0,075 %m propan-1-ol = 16,3 %

Cu 19: Cho phn ng: 2C6H5-CHO + KOH C6H5-COOK + C6H5-CH2-OH

Phn ng ny chng t C6H5-CHO
A. va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh.
B. ch th hin tnh oxi ha.
C. ch th hin tnh kh.
D. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ha.
+1
+3
-1
Gii: 2C6H5- C HO + KOH C6H5- C OOK + C6H5- C H2-OH
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe xOy v Cu bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng
(d). Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch cha 6,6
gam hn hp mui sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 39,34%.
B. 65,57%.
C. 26,23%.
D. 13,11%.
Gii: 2,44 gam X gm FexOy v Cu c th to ra ti a:
0,504

Hn hp Fe2O3 v CuO c khi lng: 2,44 + 22 ,4 .16 = 2,8 gam

Gi: s mol Fe2O3 x Fe2(SO4)3 x
CuO y CuSO4
y
160 x + 80 y = 2,8

x = 0,0125

Ta c: 400 x +160 y = 6,6 y = 0,01 %m Cu = 26,23 %

Cu 21: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dich CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt thi gian thu
c dung dich Y vn con mau xanh, co khi lng giam 8g so vi dung dich ban u. Cho 16,8g bt
Fe vao Y, sau khi cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan, thu c 12,4g kim loai. Gia tri cua x la
A. 2,25
B. 1,5
C. 1,25
D. 3,25
Gii: CuSO4 + H2O p d d Cu + H2SO4 + O2
(1)
a
a
a
a 64a + 16a = 8 a = 0,1 mol
nFe = 0,3 mol
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
(2)
0,1
0,1
Fe
+ CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
(3)
0,2x -0,1
0,2x -0,1
0,2x -0,1
Trang 3/6 M 174

Ta c: mkim loi = m Cu (3) + mFe d = (0,2x 0,1).64 + (0,3-0,2x ).56 = 12,4 x = 1,25
Cu 22: Trn 10,8g bt Al vi 34,8g bt Fe3O4 ri tin hanh phan ng nhit nhm trong iu kin
khng co khng khi. Hoa tan hoan toan hn hp rn sau phan ng bng dung dich H 2SO4 loang (d) thu
c 10,752 lit khi H2 (ktc). Hiu sut cua phan ng nhit nhm la
A. 80%
B. 90%
C. 70%
D. 60%
Gii: 8Al + 3Fe3O4 4Al2O3 + 9Fe
0,4
0,15
8x
3x
4x
9x
(0,4-8x) (0,15-3x)
4x
9x
Khi phn ng vi H2SO4 long
Ta c: (0,4-8x).3 + 9x .2 = 0,48.2 x = 0,04 mol H phn ng =

0,04 .8
.100 = 80%
0,4

Cu 23: Hn hp M gm anhit X (no, n chc, mach h) va hircacbon Y, co tng s mol la 0,2

(s mol cua X nho hn cua Y). t chay hoan toan M, thu c 8,96 lit khi CO2 (ktc) va 7,2g H2O.
Hircacbon Y la
A. CH4
B. C2H2
C. C3H6
D. C2H4
Gii: Ta c: nH2O = nCO2 = 0,4 mol HC l anken hoc xicloankan.
Mt khc s nguyn t CTB = nCO2/nM = 2. Nn X c th l HCHO v Y l C3H6 ( loi do nX <nY)
Hoc X l CH3CHO v Y l C2H4
Cu 24: Cac dung dich phan ng c vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng la
A. glixeron, axit axetic, glucoz
B. long trng trng, fructoz, axeton
C. anhit axetic, saccaroz, axit axetic
D. fructoz, axit acrylic, ancol etylic
Gii: glixeron, glucoz th hin tnh cht ca ancol a chc cn axit axetic th hin tnh axit
Cu 25: Cho dung dich X cha KMnO4 va H2SO4 (loang) ln lt vao cac dung dich : FeCl2, FeSO4,
CuSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp co xay ra phan ng oxi hoa - kh la
A. 3
B. 5
C. 4
D. 6
Gii: FeCl2, FeSO4, H2S, HCl c
Cu 26: Cac cht u khng bi thuy phn trong dung dich H2SO4 loang, nong la
A. t capron; nilon-6,6, polietylen
B. poli (vinyl axetat); polietilen, cao su buna
C. nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephtalat); polistiren
D. polietylen; cao su buna; polistiren
Cu 27: t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol mt amin no, mach h X bng oxi va u thu c 0,5 mol hn
hp Y gm khi va hi. Cho 4,6g X tac dung vi dung dich HCl (d), s mol HCl phan ng la
A. 0,1
B. 0,4
C. 0,3
D. 0,2
Gii : Gi CT ca amin: CnH2n+xNx
CnH2n+2+ xNx +O nCO2 + (n + 1+ 0,5x)H2O + 0,5xN2
0,1
0,1n
(n + 1+ 0,5x).0,1
0,5x.0,1
0,2n + 0,1 + 0,1x = 0,5 2n + x = 4 n = 1; x = 2 tha mn:
nHCl = 2nCH6N2 = 0,2 mol
Cu 28: Cho 150 ml dung dich KOH 1,2M tac dung vi 100 ml dung dich AlCl 3 nng x mol/l, thu
c dung dich Y va 4,68 gam kt tua. Loai bo kt tua, thm tip 175 ml dung dich KOH 1,2M vao Y,
thu c 2,34 gam kt tua. Gia tri cua x la
A. 1,2
B. 0,8
C. 0,9
D. 1,0

3+

Gii: Al
+ OH Al(OH)3 + Al(OH) 4
0,1x
0,39
0,09
(0,1x -0,09)
0,39 = 0,09.3 + (0,1x 0,09).4 x = 1,2 M
Cu 29: Phat biu nao sau y khng ung ?
A. Dung dich m c cua Na2SiO3 va K2SiO3 c goi la thuy tinh long
B. am chay magie co th c dp tt bng cat kh
C. CF2Cl2 bi cm s dung do khi thai ra khi quyn thi pha huy tng ozon
D. Trong phong thi nghim, N2 c iu ch bng cach un nong dung dich NH4NO2 bao hoa
Gii: 2Mg + SiO2 t Si + 2MgO
Cu 30: Co 4 dung dich ring bit: CuSO4, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AgNO3. Nhung vao mi dung dich mt thanh
Ni. S trng hp xut hin n mon in hoa la
A. 1
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2
2

Trang 4/6 M 174

Gii: CuSO4 v AgNO3

Cu 31: Thuy phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c X va Y (MX < MY). Bng mt
phan ng co th chuyn hoa X thanh Y. Cht Z khng th la
A. metyl propionat
B. metyl axetat
C. etyl axetat
D. vinyl axetat
Cu 32: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mach h, co cung cng thc phn t C5H10O2, phan
ng c vi dung dich NaOH nhng khng co phan ng trang bac la
A. 4
B. 5
C. 8
D. 9
Gii: axit : CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH ; CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH ; CH3CH(CH3)CH2COOH ;
CH3C(CH3)2COOH
Este : CH3CH2CH2COOCH3 ; CH3CH(CH3)COOCH3 ; CH3CH2COOC2H5
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 ; CH3COOCH(CH3)2
Cu 33: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loai kim th vao 200 ml dung dich HCl
1,25M, thu c dung dich Y cha cac cht tan co nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loai trong X la
A. Mg va Ca
B. Be va Mg
C. Mg va Sr
D. Be va Ca
Gii: V dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng bng nhau s mol 2 kim loi kim th bng
nhau = n HCl d (nu c). nHCl = 0,25 mol
M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2
a
2a
a
Ta c : nHCl d = a 0,25 2a= a a = 0,1 M = 24,5 =

9 + 40
. Nn 2 kim loi l Be v Ca
2

Cu 34: Cho cac cn bng sau

(I) 2HI (k)
H2 (k) + I2 (k) ;
(II) CaCO3 (r)
CaO (r) + CO2 (k) ;
(III) FeO (r) + CO (k)
Fe (r) + CO2 (k) ;
(IV) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)
2SO3 (k)
Khi giam ap sut cua h, s cn bng bi chuyn dich theo chiu nghich la
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
Gii: (II) CaCO3 (r)
CaO (r) + CO2 (k)
Cu 35: Cho s chuyn hoa :
+ H 3 PO4
+ KOH
+ KOH
P2O5
X
Y
Z
Cac cht X, Y, Z ln lt la :
A. K3PO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4
B. KH2PO4, K2HPO4, K3PO4
C. K3PO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4
D. KH2PO4, K3PO4, K2HPO4
Cu 36: t chay hoan toan m gam FeS2 bng mt lng O2 va u, thu c khi X. Hp thu ht X vao
1 lit dung dich cha Ba(OH)2 0,15M va KOH 0,1M, thu c dung dich Y va 21,7 gam kt tua. Cho Y
vao dung dich NaOH, thy xut hin thm kt tua. Gia tri cua m la
A. 23,2
B. 12,6
C. 18,0
D. 24,0

Gii: Y cho NaOH thy xut hin thm kt ta Y c HSO 3 . n = 0,1 mol < n Ba = 0,15 mol
SO2 + OH SO 32 +
HSO 3
0,3
0,4
0,1
0,2
nFeS2 = 0,15 mol m = 18 gam
Cu 37: Cho s chuyn hoa sau
2+

+ H 2 ,t
xt,t
+Z
C 2 H 2
X
Y
Cao su buna N
Pd,PbCO
t 0 ,xt,p
3

Cac cht X, Y, Z ln lt la :
A. benzen; xiclohexan; amoniac
B. axetanehit; ancol etylic; buta-1,3-ien
C. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; stiren
D. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; acrilonitrin
Gii: Z l CH2=CHCN (acrilonitrin). Ch c p n D tha mn
Cu 38: t chay hoan toan mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, a chc, mach h, co cung s
nhom -OH) cn va u V lit khi O2, thu c 11,2 lit khi CO2 va 12,6 gam H2O (cac th tich khi o
ktc). Gia tri cua V la
A. 14,56
B. 15,68
C. 11,20
D. 4,48
Gii: nancol = nH2O nCO2 = 0,2 mol. S nguyn t C TB = nCO2/n ancol =2,5. mt ancol l
C2H4(OH)2 .
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t oxi
nO2 = (2. 0,5 + 0,7 0,2.2) = 0,65 mol V = 14,56 lt
Trang 5/6 M 174

Cu 39: Hn hp X gm alanin va axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tac dung hoan toan vi dung dich
NaOH (d), thu c dung dich Y cha (m+30,8) gam mui. Mt khac, nu cho m gam X tac dung
hoan toan vi dung dich HCl, thu c dung dich Z cha (m+36,5) gam mui. Gia tri cua m la
A. 112,2
B. 165,6
C. 123,8
D. 171,0
Gii: Gi s mol: ala x
Glu y
+ Tc dng NaOH ta c: x + 2y = 1,4
(*)
+ Tc dng HCl ta c: x + y = 1
(2*)
Gii (*), (2*) x = 0,6 mol; y = 0,4 mol m = 0,6. 89 + 0,4. 147 = 112,2 gam
Cu 40: Trong cac cht : xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl ete, s cht co
kha nng lam mt mau nc brom la
A. 5
B. 4
C. 6
D. 3
Gii: xiclopropan, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat.
II. PHN RING [ 10 cu ]
Thi sinh chi c lam mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)
A. Theo chng trinh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Phat biu nao sau y ung?
A. Khi un C2H5Br vi dung dich KOH chi thu c etilen
B. Dung dich phenol lam phenolphtalein khng mau chuyn thanh mau hng
C. Day cac cht : C2H5Cl, C2H5Br, C2H5I co nhit si tng dn t trai sang phai
D. un ancol etylic 1400C (xuc tac H2SO4 c) thu c imetyl ete
Gii: Do M tng dn
Cu 42: Cho cac cp cht vi ti l s mol tng ng nh sau :
(a) Fe3O4 va Cu (1:1)
(b) Sn va Zn (2:1)
(c) Zn va Cu (1:1)
(d) Fe2(SO4)3 va Cu (1:1)
(e) FeCl2 va Cu (2:1)
(g) FeCl3 va Cu (1:1)
S cp cht tan hoan toan trong mt lng d dung dich HCl loang nong la
A. 4
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
Gii: (a) Fe3O4 va Cu (1:1)
(b) Sn va Zn (2:1)
(d) Fe2(SO4)3 va Cu (1:1)
Cu 43: Co bao nhiu cht hu c mach h dung iu ch 4-metylpentan-2-ol chi bng phan ng
cng H2 (xuc tac Ni, t0)?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
Gii:
CH2=CH(CH3)CH2CH(OH)CH3; (CH3)2CH=CHCH(OH)CH3; CH2=CH(CH3)CH2COCH3 ;
(CH3)2CH=CHCOCH3 ; CH3)2CH2CH2COCH3
Cu 44: Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp hai ln s mol Y) va
este Z c tao ra t X va Y. Cho mt lng M tac dung va u vi dung dich cha 0,2 mol NaOH, tao
ra 16,4 gam mui va 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc cua X va Y la
A. HCOOH va CH3OH
B. CH3COOH va CH3OH
C. HCOOH va C3H7OH
D. CH3COOH va C2H5OH
Gii: gi s mol: RCOOH a
ROH
a
RCOOR b
Theo gi thit: nRCOONa = a + b = 0,2 mol. MRCOONa = 82 R = 15. (CH3). X l CH3COOH
Loi p n: A v C. (a + b) < nROH = a + b < a + b 0,1 < nROH < 0,2
40,25 < Mancol < 80,5. Loi p n B.

Cu 45: Dung dich X cha cac ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3 va Cl , trong o s mol cua ion Cl la 0,1. Cho
1/2 dung dich X phan ng vi dung dich NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt tua. Cho 1/2 dung dich X con
lai phan ng vi dung dich Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c 3 gam kt tua. Mt khac, nu un si n can dung
dich X thi thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gia tri cua m la
A. 9,21
B. 9,26
C. 8,79
D. 7.47
Gii: T gi thit n Ca = 2.0,02 = 0,04 mol; n HCO = 2.0,03 = 0,06 mol
3

2+

p dng bo ton in tch n Na = 0,08 mol

2
Khi c cn xy ra phn ng: 2 HCO3 t CO 3
+ CO2 + H2O
0,06
0,03
m = 0,04.40 + 0,08.23 + 0,03.60 + 0,1.35,5 = 8,79 gam
+

Trang 6/6 M 174

Cu 46: Hn hp X gm CuO va Fe2O3. Hoa tan hoan toan 44 gam X bng dung dich HCl (d), sau
phan ng thu c dung dich cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khac, nu kh hoan toan 22 gam X bng CO
(d), cho hn hp khi thu c sau phan ng li t t qua dung dich Ba(OH) 2 (d) thi thu c m gam
kt tua. Gia tri cua m la
A. 76,755
B. 73,875
C. 147,750
D. 78,875
Gii: Ta c: 2nO2- (oxit) = nCl- = a (mol) (trong 44 gam X)
mCl- - mO2- = 41,25 a. 35,5 a.16 = 41,25 a = 1,5 mol
Trong 22 gam X c nO2- (oxit) = 0,375 mol nBaCO3 = nCO2 = 0,375 mol. m = 73,875 gam
Cu 47: Cho mt s nhn inh v nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng khng khi nh sau :
(1) Do hoat ng cua nui la
(2) Do khi thai cng nghip, khi thai sinh hoat
(3) Do khi thai t cac phng tin giao thng
(4) Do khi sinh ra t qua trinh quang hp cy xanh
(5) Do nng cao cua cac ion kim loai : Pb2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ trong cac ngun nc
Nhng nhn inh ung la :
A. (1), (2), (3)
B. (2), (3), (5)
C. (1), (2), (4)
D. (2), (3), (4)
Cu 48: Thuy phn hoan toan 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu c 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol alanin (Ala), 1
mol valin (Val) va 1 mol Phenylalanin (Phe). Thuy phn khng hoan toan X thu c ipeptit Val-Phe
va tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val nhng khng thu c ipeptit Gly-Gly. Cht X co cng thc la
A. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val
B. Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Phe
C. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly
D. Val-Phe-Gly-Ala-Gly
Gii: pentapeptit X Gly
+ Ala + Val + Phe
1 mol
2 mol 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol
X thy phn Val-Phe + Gly-Ala-Val
Cu 49: Hn hp bt X gm Cu, Zn. t chay hoan toan m gam X trong oxi (d), thu c 40,3 gam
hn hp gm CuO va ZnO. Mt khac, nu cho 0,25 mol X phan ng vi mt lng d dung dich KOH
loang nong, thi thu c 3,36 lit khi H2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng cua Cu trong X la
A. 19,81%
B. 29,72%
C. 39,63%
D. 59,44%
Gii: Ta c n Zn = nH2 = 0,15 mol n Cu = 0,1 mol nZn/nCu = 3/2
Gi s mol Zn 3x
Cu 2x 81.3x + 80.2x = 40,3 x = 0,1 mol %mCu = 39,63%
Cu 50: Cho cac cht : (1) axit picric; (2) cumen; (3) xiclohexanol; (4) 1,2-ihiroxi-4-metylbenzen;
(5) 4-metylphenol; (6) -naphtol. Cac cht thuc loai phenol la:
A. (1), (3), (5), (6)
B. (1), (2), (4), (6)
C. (1), (2), (4), (5)
D. (1), (4), (5), (6)
B. Theo chng trinh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu va 0,6 mol Fe(NO3)2 vao dung dich cha 0,9 mol H2SO4 (loang). Sau khi
cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan, thu c V lit khi NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gia tri cua V la
A. 6,72
B. 8,96
C. 4,48
D. 10,08

+
2+
Gii:
3Cu + 8H + 2NO 3 3Cu
+ 2NO + 4H2O
(1)
0,3
0,8
0,2
0,2
3Fe2+ + 4H+ + NO 3 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O
(2)
0,6
1,0
1,0
0,2
T (1), (2) nNO = 0,4 mol V = 8,96 lt
Cu 52: Phat biu nao sau y khng ung ?
A. Trong mi trng kim, mui Cr(III) co tinh kh va bi cac cht oxi hoa manh chuyn thanh
mui Cr(VI).
B. Do Pb2+/Pb ng trc 2H+/H2 trong day in hoa nn Pb d dang phan ng vi dung
dich HCl loang ngui, giai phong khi H2.
C. CuO nung nong khi tac dung vi NH3 hoc CO, u thu c Cu
D. Ag khng phan ng vi dung dich H2SO4 loang nhng phan ng vi dung dich H2SO4 c
nong.
Cu 53: Dung dch axit fomic 0,007M c pH = 3. Kt lun no sau y khng ng?
A. Khi pha long 10 ln dung dch trn th thu c dung dch c pH = 4.
B. in li ca axit fomic s gim khi thm dung dch HCl.
C. Khi pha lang dung dch trn th in li ca axit fomic tng.
Trang 7/6 M 174

D. in li ca axit fomic trong dung dch trn l 14,29%.

Gii. HCOOH l axit yu ph thuc vo Ka.
Cu 54: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C 5H10O. Cht X khng phn ng vi Na,
tha mn s chuyn ha sau:
+ H2
+ CH 3COOH
X
Y

Este c mi mui chn.

H 2 SOa
Ni ,t 0
4, c
Tn ca X l
A. pentanal
B. 2 metylbutanal
C. 2,2 imetylpropanal.
D. 3 metylbutanal.
Cu 55: nh gi s nhim kim loi nng trong nc thi ca mt nh my, ngi ta ly mt t
nc, c c ri thm dung dch Na2S vo thy xut hin kt ta mu vng. Hin tng trn chng t
nc thi b nhim bi ion
A. Fe2+.
B. Cu2+.
C. Pb2+.
D. Cd2+.
Gii: Cd2+ + S2- CdS vng
+ H 2O
+ Br2
+ CuO
X
Y
Z
Cu 56: Cho s phn ng: Stiren
H + ,t 0
t0
H+
Trong X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, C6H5COCH2Br.
B. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, C6H5CH2COOH.
C. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, m-BrC6H4CH2COOH
D. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, m-BrC6H4COCH3.
Cu 57: Trung ha han tan 8,88 gam mt amin (bc mt, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh) bng axit
HCl, to ra 17,64 gam mui. Amin c cng thc l
A. H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2.
B. CH3CH2CH2NH2.
C. H2NCH2CH2NH2
D. H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2.
Gii: Ta c : nHCl = 0,24 mol ; Gi CT ca amin R(NH2)2
R(NH2)2 + 2HCl R(NH3Cl)2
0,12
0,24 R = 42 (C3H6)
Cu 58: Cho s chuyn ha:
Fe3O4 + dung dch HI (d) X + Y + H2O
Bit X v Y l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh chuyn ha. Cc cht X v Y l
A. Fe v I2.
B. FeI3 v FeI2.
C. FeI2 v I2.
D. FeI3 v I2.
Gii: Do HI c tnh kh cn Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha
Cu 59: t chy han tan m gam hn hp X gm ba ancol (n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng),
thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng m gam X vi H2SO4 c th
tng khi lng ete ti a thu c l
A. 7,85 gam.
B. 7,40 gam.
C. 6,50 gam.
D. 5,60 gam.
Gii: nCO2 = 0,4 mol < nH2O = 0,65 mol. Gi CT chung ancol l: C n H 2 n +2 O; nX = 0,25 mol
n = 1,6 m = 10,1 gam.
p dng bo ton khi lng: mancol = mete + mH2O mete = 10,1

0,25
.18 = 7,85 gam
2

Cu 60: Cht X c cc c im sau: phn t c nhiu nhm OH, c v ngt, ha tan Cu(OH) 2 nhit
thng, phn t c lin kt glicozit, lam mt mau nc brom. Cht X la
A. xenluloz
B. mantoz
C. glucoz
D. Saccaroz
------------- HT-------------

Trn y l mt s hng tm ra p n ca cc cu hi m nhiu khi

khng nht thit phi gii ra p s

Trang 8/6 M 174