Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

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Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

1. Mch in xoay chiu RLC c R thay i Bi ton tng qut 1: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC trong R c th thay i c (R cn c gi l bin tr). Tm gi tr ca R : a. Cng hiu dng I ca mch t gi tr cc i, (nu c) b. Cng hiu dng I ca mch t gi tr cc tiu, (nu c) c. in p hiu dng hai u R t cc i, (nu c) d. in p hiu dng hai u R t cc tiu, (nu c) e. Cng sut ta nhit trn in tr R t cc i * Hng dn gii: Nguyn tc chung: tm cc tr ca mt biu thc no th chng ta xut pht t cng thc tng qut ca chng, thc hin cc php bin i theo quy tc nu t s v mu s u l i lng bin thin th ch mt biu thc thay i (chia c t v mu cho t s chng hn..) B : Bt ng thc Cauchy : Cho hai s khng m a, b khi Du bng xy ra khi a = b Hm s bc hai

, vi a > 0 t gi tr nh nht ti im

a. Cng hiu dng vy R = 0 th Imax v gi tr

b. Vy khi R rt ln th cng dng in rt nh v gim dn v 0, (ng vi khi nim in tr : cho bit kh nng cn tr s di chuyn ca cc in tch, tc l cn tr dng in) c. in p hiu dng hai u in tr l:

d. Ta c:

e. Cng sut ta nhit trn R (cng l trn ton mch): vi p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

Du bng xy ra khi Khi cng sut cc i ca mch Vy mch in xoay chiu RLC c R thay i t cng sut ta nhit trn R cc i:

Khi Ch : Trong trng hp Pmax th h s cng sut ca mch khi l

Thng thng khi mch in c R thay i th bi thng yu cu tm R Pmax nn cc em ch trng hp ny hn.

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Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

V d 1: Cho mch in RLC, R c th thay i c, in p hai u mch l: . Tm R : a. Mch tiu th cng sut P = 90W v vit biu thc ca cng hiu dng trong mch khi . b. Cng sut ta nhit trn mch cc i Pmax v tnh gi tr Pmax * Hng dn gii: Ta c: a. Cng sut ca mch tiu th chnh l cng sut ta nhit trn in tr R:

Vi lch pha ca u va i tha mn Biu thc cng dng in l Vi lch pha ca u va i tha mn Biu thc cng dng in l

b. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

vi

Du bng xy ra khi Khi cng sut cc i ca mch Vy khi th

* Nhn xt : Trong mch in RLC m cun dy c thm in tr hot ng r th ta c th tm cng sut mch cc i v cng sut ta nhit trn R cc i Cng sut ta nhit P trn ton mch cc i: vi p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

Du bng xy ra khi

Khi cng sut cc i ca mch Vy mch in xoay chiu RLC c R thay i v cun dy khng thun cm t cng sut ta nhit trn ton mch t gi tr cc i khi

Cng sut ta nhit trn in tr R, (PR) cc i:

vi p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

Du bng xy ra khi

Khi cng sut cc i ca mch Vy mch in xoay chiu RLC c R thay i v cun dy khng thun cm t cng sut ta nhit trn R cc i

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Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

khi:

V d 2: Cho mch in xoay chiu gm cun dy c r = 50,

v t in c in dung

in tr thun R thay i c. Tt c c mc ni tip vi nhau, ri t vo hai u on mch c hiu in th xoay chiu . Tm R : a. H s cng sut ca mch l b. Cng sut ta nhit trn ton mch t cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i . c. Cng sut ta nhit trn in tr R cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i ca cng sut . * Hng dn gii: Ta c a. H s cng sut ca mch l

Thay s ta c Gii phng trnh trn ta c cc nghim R cn tm b. Cng sut tiu th trn on mch t gi tr cc i khi Khi cng sut cc i ca mch c. Ta c cng sut ta nhit trn R l:

vi p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

Du bng xy ra khi

Khi cng sut cc i ca mch:

Bi ton tng qut 2: Cho mch in RLC c R thay i. in p hiu dng hai u mch in l U. Khi R = R1 v R = R2 th mch tiu th cng mt cng sut (hay P1 = P2 ) Chng minh rng: a. b. Cng sut tiu th * Hng dn gii: a. Theo gi thit ta c P1 = P2

b. Ta c

Vy mch RLC c R thay i m R = R1 v R = R2 th P1 = P2 s tha mn

V d: (i hc 2009) t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i vo hai u on mch gm bin tr R mc ni tip vi t in. Dung khng ca t in l 100. Khi iu chnh R th ti hai gi tr R1 v R2 cng sut tiu th ca on mch nh nhau. Bit in p hiu dng gia hai u t in khi R = R1 bng hai ln in p hiu dng gia hai u t in khi R = R2. Cc gi tr R1 v R2 l: A. R1 = 50, R2 = 100. B. R1 = 40, R2 = 250. C. R1 = 50, R2 = 200. D. R1 = 25, R2 = 100. * Hng dn gii:

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Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

Theo gi thit ta c P1 = P2

, (1) Mt khc, gi U1C l in p t in khi R = R1 v U2C l in p t in khi R = R2 Khi theo bi ta c

Li c Gii (1) v (2) ta c R1 = 50, R2 = 200.

, (2)

V d 2: Mt mch in gm mt t in C, mt cun cm L thun cm khng v mt bin tr R c mc ni tip. t vo hai u mch in mt hiu in th xoay chiu . Bit rng ng vi hai gi tr ca bin tr: R1 = 18 v R2 = 32 th cng sut tiu th P trn on mch l nh nhau. Cng sut P ca on mch c th nhn gi tr no trong cc gi tr sau? * Hng dn gii: Theo chng minh cng thc trn ta c 2. Mch in xoay chiu RLC c L thay i Bi ton tng qut: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC trong L c th thay i c. Tm gi tr ca L : a. Cng hiu dng I ca mch t gi tr cc i b. Cng sut ta nhit ca mch t cc i. Tnh gi tr Pmax c. in p hiu dng hai u L t cc i * Hng dn gii:

a. Cng hiu dng vy th Imax v gi tr . Do R khng i nn

b. Cng sut ta nhit trn mch Gi tr c. in p hiu dng hai u cun cm l:

Vi Do h s

, t hm s y t gi tr nh nht khi:

Khi gi tr nh nht ca hm s y l:

Vy V d in hnh: V d 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong . Cun dy thun cm c t cm L

thay i c. in p gia hai u on mch l u = 200cos(100t) (V). Xc nh t cm ca cun dy trong cc trng hp sau: a. H s cng sut ca mch cos = 1. b. H s cng sut ca mch cos = .

c. in p hiu dng trn cun cm L l cc i. * Hng dn gii: Ta c

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Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

a. H s cng sut

b. Khi

c. Theo chng minh trn ta c khi hai u L t cc i. Gi tr cc i:

th in p hiu dng

V d 2: Cho mch in RLC, L c th thay i c, in p hai u mch l tr . Tm L :

. Cc gi

a. Mch c cng sut cc i. Tnh Pmax b. Mch c cng sut P = 80W c. in p hiu dng gia hai u L t cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i . * Hng dn gii: Ta c a. Cng sut ca mch P = I2.R. Do R khng i nn:

Khi b.

T ta tm c hai gi tr ca L tha mn bi l

c. in p hiu dng hai u L t cc i khi Gi tr cc i V d 3: Cho mch in RLC,in p hai u mch in l u = 200 c L = L1 = (H) v L = L2 = .

cos(100t) (V). L thay i c. Khi mch

(H). Th mch c cng cng dng in hiu dng nhng gi tr tc thi

lch pha nhau gc a. Tnh R v C b. Vit biu thc ca i * Hng dn gii: Ta c a. Do

Theo bi th u1 v u2 lch pha nhau gc hn i. Do Khi Trong

nn c mt biu thc l nhanh pha hn i v mt biu thc chm pha

nn u1 nhanh pha hn i cn u2 chm pha hn i.

Vy cc gi tr cn tm l b. Vit biu thc ca i Vi

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Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

Tng tr ca mch lch pha ca u v i: Biu thc ca cng dng in i l: Vi Tng tr ca mch: lch pha ca u v i: Biu thc ca cng dng in i l: * Nhn xt: Cch gii trn l tng qut cho trng hp lch pha bt k. Tuy nhin trong bi ton trn chng ta c th nhn xt c rng do cng dng in trong hai trng hp bng nhau nn trong hai trng hp lch pha ca u v i c cng ln. Khi u1 s nhanh pha hn i gc trin cng thc lng gic. 3. Mch in xoay chiu RLC c C thay i Bi ton tng qut: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC trong C c th thay i c. Tm gi tr ca C : a. Cng hiu dng I ca mch t gi tr cc i b. Cng sut ta nhit ca mch t cc i. Tnh gi tr Pmax . c. in p hiu dng hai u C t cc i * Hng dn gii: a. Cng hiu dng vy th Imax v gi tr l gii ra R lun ch khng cn phi khai

b. Cng sut ta nhit trn mch P = I2.R. Do R khng i nn Gi tr :

c. in p hiu dng hai u t in l:

Vi Do h s

, t hm s y t gi tr nh nht khi

Khi gi tr nh nht ca hm s y l

Vy: V d in hnh: V d 1: Cho mch in RLC c . Tm C : a. Mch tiu th cng sut P = 50W b. Mch tiu th cng sut cc i. Tnh Pmax c. UC max * Hng dn gii: Ta c a. , C thay i. in p hai u on mch

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Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

Nhn nghim ZC = 200 ta c b. Cng sut ca mch P = I2.R. Do R khng i nn:

Khi c. Theo cng thc chng minh c in p hiu dng gia hai bn t cc i khi:

Khi V d 2: Cho mch in RLC c C thay i, hiu in th hai u on mch: Khi C = C1= F v C = C2 = F th mch c cng cng sut P = 200W.

a. Tnh R v L b. Tnh h s cng sut ca mch ng vi C1, C2. * Hng dn gii: a. Theo gii thit ta c:

Vi ZL = 300 ta c Gii phng trnh ta c nghim duy nht R = 100. Vy b. Tnh h s cng sut ng vi cc trng hp Khi Khi Nhn xt : Trong hai trng hp L thay i v C thay i chng ta thy vai tr ca L v C l bnh ng nn hon i v tr ca L v C ta s c kt qu. Vy nn trong trc nghim chng ta ch cn nh kt qu vi C hoc L.

4. Mch in xoay chiu RLC c tn s f hay thay i Bi ton tng qut: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC trong tn s gc thay i c. Tm : a. Cng hiu dng ca dng in t cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i . b. Cng sut ta nhit trn mch t cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i . c. in p hiu dng hai u R, hai u L, hai u C t cc i * Hng dn gii: a. Cng hiu dng:

Vy khi

th cng hiu dng trong mch t gi tr cc i v gi tr

b. Cng sut ta nhit trn mch P = I2.R. Do R khng i nn Gi tr c. in p hiu dng t cc i UR t cc i

Khi UL t cc i

Vi

, t

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Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

Do h s

Vy UL t cc i khi UC t cc i

Vi Do h s

, t

Vy UC t cc i khi tn s gc Nhn xt: - Do vai tr ca f v l nh nhau nn nu f thay i th bng php thay ta s gii quyt c lp bi ton m c f thay i. - Do vic tnh ton tm cc gi tr UL max hay UC max l tng i phc tp nn nhng bi ton dng ny ch dng li vic tm gi tr ( hay f ) cho in p hiu dng t cc i. V d in hnh: V d 1: Cho on mch in MN gm mt in tr thun R = 100, cun dy thun cm c t cm t in c in dung ,

, mc ni tip. Mc hai u M, N vo ngun in xoay chiu c in p tc thi , tn s f ca ngun in c th iu chnh thay i c.

a. Khi f = f1 = 50 Hz, tnh cng hiu dng ca dng in v tnh cng sut tiu th P1 trn on mch in MN. Vit biu thc cng dng in tc thi chy trong on mch . b. iu chnh tn s ca ngun in n gi tr f2 sao cho cng sut tiu th trn on mch in MN lc l P2 = 2P1. Hy xc nh tn s f2 ca ngun in khi . Tnh h s cng sut. * Hng dn gii: a. Khi f = f1 = 50 Hz

Cng hiu dng ca dng in trong mch l: Cng sut tiu thu trn on mch in l: lch pha ca u v i trong mch: Biu thc ca cng dng in trong mch l: b. Khi thay i f P2 = 2P1 tc P2 = 144W Ta c

y l trng hp xy ra cng hng in, thay s ta tm c:

H s cng sut khi V d 2: Mt mch in xoay chiu RLC c R = 100, L = 1/(H) v C = 10 /2 (F) mc ni tip. on mch c mc vo mt hiu in th xoay chiu c tn s f c th thay i. Khi hiu in th gia hai u t in t gi tr cc i th tn s f c gi tr l bao nhiu? * Hng dn gii:
-4

Ta c:

Vi

, t

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Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

Do h s

Vy UC t cc i khi tn s dao ng BI TP LUYN TP Dng 1: Mch c R thay i Bi 1: Cho mch RLC c C thay i, Khi C = C1 = Khi C = C2 = F th dng in tr pha so vi in p u

th in p hiu dng 2 u t in cc i

a. Tnh R v tn s gc , bit b. Bit UC max = 250V. Vit biu thc in p u hai u mch in Bi 2: Cho mch in RLC; u = 30 cos(100t) (V).R thay i c. Khi mch c R = R1 = 9 th lch pha

gia u v i l 1 . Khi mch c R = R2 = 16 th lch pha gia u v i l 2. bit a. Tnh cng sut ng vi R1 v R2 b. Vit biu thc ca cng dng in ng vi R1, R2 c. Tnh L bit C = . .

d. Tnh cng sut cc i ca mch Bi 3: Cho mch in RLC; u = U cost (V). R thay i c. Khi mch c R = R1 = 90 th lch pha gia

u v i l 1 . Khi mch c R = R2 = 160 th lch pha gia u v i l 2. bit a. Tm L bit C = b. Tm C bit L = c. Tm . Bit L = . ; = 100rad/s

(H); = 100rad/s (H); C = . cos100t (V).R thay i c ; Khi mch c R = R1 = 90 u v R = R2 =

Bi 4: Cho mch in RLC; u = U 160 th mch c cng cng sut P. a. Tnh C bit L = (H)

b. Tnh U khi P = 40W Bi 5: Cho mch in RLC, R c th thay i c, Hiu in th hai u mch l u = 200 (H), C = . . Tm R : cos(100t) V; L =

a. H s cng sut ca mch l b. Hiu in th hiu dng gia hai u in tr l UR = 50 c. Mch tiu th cng sut P = 80W V

Bi 6: Cho mch in RLC, R c th thay i c, Hiu in th hai u mch l u = 240 . .

cos(100t) V; C =

Khi mch c R = R1 = 90 u v R = R2 = 160 th mch c cng cng sut P. a. Tnh L, P b. Gi s cha bit L ch bit Pmax = 240W v vi 2 gi tr R3 v R4 th mch c cng cng sut l P = 230,4W Tnh gi tr R3 v R4 Bi 7: Cho mch in nh hnh v : UAB = 100 200V Cng sut ca mch l P = 100 a. Chng minh rng P = 100 W. W chnh l gi tr cng sut cc i ca mch V; UAN = 100 V; UNB =

b. Vi hai gi tr R1 v R2 th mch c cng cng sut P. Tnh P v R2 bit R1 = 200 Dng 2: Mch c L thay i Bi 1: Cho mch in RLC, L c th thay i c, hiu in th hai u mch l u = 200 . . R = 120 cos(100t) V; C =

a. Tnh L ULmax. Tnh UL max b. Tnh L UL bng 175 V

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Cc tr trong mch in xoay chiu

Bi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v, u = U 120 a. Tnh L

cos100t (V), C =

,R=

vung gc vi

b. Tnh L UAN t gi tr cc i c. Tnh L cos = 0,6 Bi 3: Cho mch in RLC, L c th thay i c, Hiu in th hai u mch l u = 100 mch c L = L1 = (H) v L = L2 = (H) th mch c cng cng sut P = 40W cos(100t) V; Khi

a. Tnh R v C b. Vit biu thc ca i ng vi L1 v L2 Bi 4: Cho mch in RLC, L c th thay i c, Hiu in th hai u mch l u = 170 80, C = . , Tm L : cos(100t) V; R =

a. Mch c cng sut cc i. Tnh Pmax b. Mch c cng sut P = 80W Bi 5: Cho mch in RLC; u = 200 a. Khi L = cos100t (V) R = 200 ; C = . . L c th thay i c

H vit biu thc ca i tnh P

b. Tm L ULmax. Tnh ULmax c. Tnh L Pmax , Tm Pmax Bi 6: Cho mch in RLC, L thay i c, Hiu in th hai u mch l u = U v a. Tnh R v bit b. Tnh v C bit R = 100 c. Tnh C v R bit = 100rad/s Bi 7: Cho mch in RLC mc ni tip nh hnh v , L c th thay i c u = 200 cos(100t) V, , , R = 200 a. Vit biu thc th gi tr tc thi ca cc dng in u lch pha mt gc . cos(t) V; Khi mch c so vi u

ca i, tnh P b. Vit biu thc ca UAN c. Vit biu thc ca UMB d. Tnh gc hp bi UAM v UMB e. Tnh gc lch gia UAM v UMB Dng 3: Mch c C thay i Bi 1: Cho mch in RLC, C thay i, hiu in th hai u on mch: u = 120 . Tm C : a. I = Imax, P = Pmax. Tnh I max, Pmax. Tnh UL khi . b. UC = UC max. Tnh UC max Bi 2: Cho mch in RLC, u = U cost(V), C thay i, R = 120, U = 150V cos(100t) (V), R = 240,

a. Uc = UL = nU th phi chn L v C bng bao nhiu? p dng n = 4/3 b. Uc tr pha hn u gc c tan = 4/3. Tnh Uc khi Bi 3: Cho mch in RLC, C thay i , hiu in th hai u on mch: u = 200cos(100t)V. Khi C = C1 = v C = C2 = a. Tnh R, L b. Vit biu thc i1 v i2 Bi 4: Cho mch in RLC, C thay i , hiu in th hai u on mch: u = U0cos(100t)V. Khi C = C1 = v C = C2 = mt gc rad. H F th i1 v i2 u lch pha vi u mt gc rad.

th mch c cng cng sut, nhng i1 v i2 ( ng vi 2 gi tr ca C) u lch pha vi nhau

a. Tnh R v bit L= b. Tnh L v , bit

c. Tnh R v L, bit = 100(rad/s) Bi 5: Cho mch in RLC, C thay i, u = 120 Tnh R, L, C0

Bin son Thy ng Vit Hng - BK H Ni

cos(100t)V. Khi C = C0 th UCmax = 200V. Khi P = 38,4W.

Bnh lun (107)

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