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ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.

Q,rl
CItm«g 2
PHUdNG TRiNH - BAT PHUdNG TRiNH

H~ PHUdNG TRiNH

MU vA
vA

LOGARIT

§1. PHUONG TRINH MU


I. KIEN TIH1c co BAN

LOGARIT

1. Dang co han
a. Phuong trill" mii
Phuong trlnh mil co ban co dang:

a' = b (a> 0, a*- 1).

Cdch gidi:

+ Khi b >

=> a' = b <=> x = log" b .

+ Khi b ~ 0 => a' = b vo nghicrn.


b. Phuong trinh liigarit
Phuong trinh logarit co ban co dang: log"

=b

(a> 0, a*- 1)
log
a

Cdch gidi:

log, x = b <=> x = ab
luon co nghiern

nrc la phuong

trlnh

x = b (a> 0, a*- 1)

duy nha't

x = ab

2. Cac phuong phap giai


a. Phuong b. Phuong c. Phuong d. Phuong phap dira

v6 cung
hoa,

co s6.

phap di_it ~n phu, phap logarit phap sU' dung tinh d6ng bien hay nghich bien cua ham s6.

II. PIHJONG PHAP GIAI CAC DANG TOAN THUONG G~P


a. D~NG 1: Gini phuang trinh mii

va liigarit

bang phuang pluip

dua vi cung co sfj' Dung cac phep bien d6i vf: lily thira va logarit trang de dang sau: dua phirong trinh vf: mot

• a II') = aM
64

¢>

r{~i:):(x) ~

(NGu C<! so' a kh6ng d5i)

,-.. ,,• eIi- eB_.O_g "U'\1I. - -. _.•'I--~ . 111--;:-:-'

Phat bi6u nao sau day dung? A. Chi (1) dung

H. ChI (III) dung


D. ChI (II)

C. Chi (II) dung Cau 26: T~p xac dinh cua ham s6: y

va

(III) dung

= (X2 -

4x + 3 rIft:

A. (1 ; 3)

n. IFt\{I; 3}
D.

C. [1 ; 3]
, Cau 27: Mien xac dinh ella ham s6:
A.

(-00

;1)U(3;

+00)

e' -1 y = In ( ,e\ _ 2

J la:
+00)

(-00

;0)

n. [0; 2]
D. (-00 ;0)u(ln2;

C. [ln2

;+00)

, Cau 28: Ncu log 3

=a

thl

1,

log., 100

bang:

n.2a
C~ 29 : Ch 0 ham so y au am

c.5.
1ogo x-I 3 --. , x+5

8
?

D.16a

M'" xac diin h eua h'am so a: KI' len ic B. x > 1.


D. KCl qua khac,

A. x s 1 C. x < -5 hoac x > 1.


Cau 30: Cho 4" + 4-" A.7

= 23.
B.4

Tinh 2" + r" . C.5 D.6

Ddp

all
3
C

cdc

call

trdc nghiem
5 A

call Dap all call Ddn all call DalJ all

1
C
11

2
A

6
B

7 D 17

g C

9
A

10
A

n
14
C

12 D 22

13 D 23
C

15
A

16 D 26

18
B

19
B

20
A

D 21 D

n
27 D

24
A

25 D

28
H

29
C

30
C

* **
63

·.11Ovi -ndiem:
• al(') = a,d\)

1,.0 cK,
<:::>{(a> 0)[
a-I

--,
f
()
x -g x

()]

=0

(N6u eel s(') a thay o()'i)

0 < a :;t: 1 • log"

[I(x)]

~ log" [g(x)]

¢>

I(x) ~ g(x) f(x»O (hay g(x»O)

a.i. Cdc vi du miult hoa Vi du 1.


Giai
\"+5

de phuong trlnh sau:


\+17

a. 32,-7 =0,25.128,-3
Cia; a. Dicu kicn: (1)<:::>2'-7 x:;t: 3, x :;t:7 .
5(_~~_5)

h.

(JlO + 3

r~i(JlO "=
\-3

\+1

3 )\+3

=T1.2

~L~:':.'21 5_(x+5) 71C:_I!l_ , ,-3 <:::>2,-7· =2 x-3 -2<:::>x=10


ella phirong trinh:

<:::>5(x+5)
x-7 h. Dicu kicn:

= 7(x+17)
x":"3

So vdi oicu kicn ta eo nghicrn

x = 10. =

x:;t: -3,x:;t: 1.

Nhfin xct:

(JlO -3)( JlO +3)


\-3

I=>( JlO -3)


\+1

(JlO +3
t;

Do 06: (I) <:::>( ,/10 + 3 )\-1 <:::>-x-3 x-I

= ( JlO + 3 f\+3
<:::>x-

= - --

x+l)

x+3

=5

<:::>x = ±....; 5

So voi Jicu kicn La co nghiern

ella phirong trinh:

x=

±J5 .

Vi du 2. Gi.li de phirong trlnh sau: a, 4,'-301 + 4,'+(j,+s = 41\'+3,+7 + I.

h.

, (x-4\'-3.1+1

2x + 2

)47 = 1.
Cia;

a.

+ 4"+h.,+5

= 41,'+3x+7

+1

65

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
¢::;>

4,2_3,+2

1- 4X2+6X+5) _ ( 1- 4x2+6x+5)
)(

=0

¢::;> (

1- 4,2 +6.\+5

4,2 -3x+2 -1) = 0 [X2 + 6x + 5 = 0 x2 - 3x + 2 = 0


¢::;>

¢::;>

[4X~+6X+5
4\"-3,+2

=I =I

¢::;>

[x = -1 hay x =-5 .x = I hay x = 2

V~y nghiern ella phuong trinh: x = -5 hay x = -1 hay x = 1 hay x = 2 .


h.
(

x: - 2x + 2
1
1 (

)~

=1
)~

¢::;>

x- - 2x + 2
(

= (Jx- - 2x + 2 )0
)

X2-2X+2>0,VX
¢::;>
2

{ X - 2x + 2 -1 'J 4 - x4-x
2 ~

tr=:

=0

¢::;> (

2x + 1) 'J" 4 - x = 0
2

0
¢::;>

{- 2 ::; x ::;2

¢::;>

[X2 - 2x + 1 = 0

[x ~ I
X

~ [: : ~

4-x

=0

= ±2

V~y nghicrn ella phirong trinh: x = -2 hay ~ = 1 hay x = 2. VI du 3.


Giai cac phirong trlnh sau:
I

a. log I (x -1) + log 3 b. -Iog,


1

(x + 1) -log

(7 - x) = 1
3

(1) .
3

Ii 2 4
(x+2t-3=log,

:;

(4-x)

+Iog,

,;

(x+6)

(2).

Cia;

x-I>
3.

0
¢::;>

Di6u kicn:

x + 1> 0

1< x

<7

7-x>0

(I)~log:
¢::;>

(X-l)+log; (x+l)~IOgi (7-x)' +log; (~)


I

log x2

(X2

-1) = log

[.!. (7 - x)2] -2
I

¢::;>

x2

-1 =

.!. (7 - X)2 2

¢::;>

+ 14x - 51 = 0

x=3
¢::;>

[ x=-17
cua phuong trlnh:

So voi di6u kicn La e6 nghicm

=3.

66

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
b. Di~u kicn: {::~: ~
¢=>

{-6 < x < 4

x+6>O
(2)
¢=>

x:;t:-2

310g

I 4

Ix + 21-

= 310g
_I

I 4

(4 -

x) + 310g I (x + 6)
4

¢=>

log

IX + 21-log

(_!_)
4

= log _I (4 - x) + log _I (x + 6)
[(

44444

¢=>

log~
4

(4IX+21) = log!

4-x)(x+6)]

¢=>

41X + 21 = ( 4 - X) (X + 6) 6)

4(X+ 2) = (4-x){x+ ¢=> [ 4(x+2)=-(4-x)(x+6)


¢=>

[<
J

+ 6x -16
32

=0
=0

¢=>

[X = 2

ha~ ... x

x- - 2x -

x = I±

= -8
=2
hay x

So vdi oi~u kicn ta co nghicm cua phuong trlnh: x

= 1-

J33 .

Vi du 4.

Giai de phtrong trinh sau:


X-

3I a. ( log) x . og2 b. log, 2.log2\ 2

I x) og)

J3 ="2I + Iog2" IX
(2).

(1) (D~l hoc Klllh tc lYI) 1)

A'

log'6, 2

cuu
a. Di~u kicn: x > O. (I)
¢=>

(I - log)

x) .log, X - ( 31og3 X X

k) = k k
+

log, X

¢=> ¢=> ¢=>

log, x - 210gz x.log, x - 6log)


log] 3.log)
X-

=0
X

Zlog, x.log, x - 6log}


X-

=0

log} x.(log2 3 - Zlog, log}

6)

=0

¢=>

x.( log, x

-Iogz

:4) = 0
67

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
lOg3

X=

lX = 1
1<;111

[X =
X

<=> logo x2 = log, 2_ <=> x2 = 2_ <=> - 64 64


X

J3
8
= 1 Ilay
X

So

VOl

" uicu ki ~ ta ,t''> .icn

'h' CO ng

"h ' cua p uongtrtn I1:

= -.-.

.../3
8

h. Dicu kicn:

•_ 0 _ 1 _ 1 ,\: *- 1, X*--, _\:*- 2 1


=--

16

(2)<=>--,

log: x log] 2x

log: 16x

<=> _-,

log: x 1+ log] x

= ----

4 + log: ,\"

<=> 4 + log: x = (1 + log: x) .log , x <=> logo - x = 4 <=> logo


o

= ±2 <=> x = 4 hay X

= -4

Vfiy, nghicm ella phuong trinh lu: (1.2. M{)t s{;' bai tijp ap dung a.2.1. D~ bai Hili 1. Gidi ciic phirong trinh sau:
H.

= 4 hay

1 ="4'

co Uti gidi

6\ + 6\+1 + 6\+2

5\ + 503

5'+1,

h. 2\,3\+1.5'+2

= 37500,

mti 2.
H.

(*)

Gi.ii cac phuong trlnh sau:


.1

log] (x -It

+ logJ:j (2x - 1) = 2, =-+log2,-,x+2. log2x+1 4 2


1

(Dc du hi B1 - 20(7)
r=':

h.log4(x-I)+

(Dc du hi A: - 20(7)

c. logj2 E+l-Iog

(3 - x) -logX(x

-1)'

= 0,

(DG du hi B1 - 20(6)

6X

u.2.2. Uti ghii


Hai 1. Giai c.ic phuong trlnh sau:

a. 6' + 6'+1

+ 61+2 = 5' + 51+3_ 51+1

<=> 6' (I + 6 + 6~ ) = 5' (I + 53 - 5) <=>"5 (


6 ).,

121 43 <=> x

= IOg6~

121 43 .

b. 2'.3'+1.5'+1

37500

<=> 2'.3.3'.5~5' <=> 75(2.3.5)'

= 37500 = 37500
.A

c.

(%J'Jlli :
Dieu kicn: x EN,

<=> 30' = 500 <=>

log.; 500.

l~ x~2
X-

<=> Hui 2.

(3)'-2-~ = (3J~ <=> 4 4

2- -

5 = 2 <=> x- - 4x - 5 = 0 <=>
1

[X=-I
x=5

So vdi dieu kicn, phirong trlnh Giai cac plurong trinh sau:

eo mot
(1)

nghiern:

5.

a.log,(x-I)2+logj3(2x-I)=2
X {

Dieu kicn:
(l) ~

>

.!.
2
I log3/x -II + log , (2x - I) = I (2)

x;to

2log] [x -II + 210g3 (2x - 1) = 2 ~ log3[lx-11(2x-I)]=1 ~

Ix-II(2x-l)=3

• X6t..!_ < x < I: (2) ~ (1 - x) (2x - 1) = 3 ~ 2X2- 3x + 4 = 0: vo nghicm.

'

• X6tX>1:(2)~(X-I)(2X-1)=3~2X2-3X-2=O~[X=21

x = --(Ioal

')

Y~y nghiern ella phirong trlnh la x


b.l()g~(x-I)+ =-+log2v'x+2 log2x+14 2

= 2,
(2)

'

r=:z:

Dieu kien: x > 1

69

Thuvi,'-ndieuhl.Q,rl
1 1 11 (2) <=> -log2 (x -1) + -log2 (2x + 1) = - + -log2 (x + 2) 2 2 22

<=> Iogix - 1) + Iogi2x + 1) = 1 + Iog2(x + 2) <=> log2[(x - 1)(2x + 1)] <=> (x - 1)(2x + I) <=>
2X2 -

= Iog [2(x
2

+ 2)]

= 2(x + 2)

3x - 5

= 0 <=>

IX =-1 x =%
cua phuong trlnh Ia x =

So vdi oiGu kicn, ta eo nghicrn

2. .
2

c. logh .rx+!-log!
2

(3 - x) -logx(x -1)' =

o.

DiGu kien: 1 <'x < 3.

Ta co: logh .rx+!-Iog!


2

(3 - x) -Iogx(x -1)' = 0

~ log, (x + I) + log, (3 - x) -log2 (x -I)

=0

<=> log, [( X + 1)(3 - x) ] = log, (x -1) <=>


(x
2

+ 1)(3 -

x)

= x-I

<=>x -x-4=0<=>x=---

l±.f0
2
A .,

So

V(11 ulCU

"

.t·"

ki1I.;n,ta eo ng ucrn cua p huong tnn h: 'I . '


A

+ = 1 .f0 .
2

a.3. Mf)1 .'Ii;' luu •

khi gidi dang todn nay

Day Ia phuong phap co ban

oG giiii phucng trinh dang nay, nhung chi 5n thi nen o,)t c1i6u kien 00

giai duoc mot s6 khong nhicu de phircng trlnh, 06i voi phirong trlnh logarit, hoac phircng trinh mii co eo s6 chua phuong trinh eo nghia r6i hay di bien d6i. • C~n chu

y ta
:1=

rfit hay nham khi ap dung nhorn cong thirc nay:

N C'u 0 < a
i.

1,

b, b, > 0 thl

loga (blb2) = log,

Ibll + log, Ib 1·
2

i i. log, ~~ = log"
iii.logab
2k

Iblla

Joga
k

Ib 1·
2

= 2k.log lbl,

Z+,

b:l= O.

70

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl I b. D~NC 2: Phuong phdp dq.tiill


b.l. Cdc vi du minh hoa
Vi du 1.

phu

a. 2 ,
2

Giai cac phirong trtnh san: _3.2x+2 +32 = 0 (1) Gidi

b. 6.4' -13.6'

+6.9'

= 0 (2)

a. D~t

= 2' , t > 0 . Ta

diroc phirong trinh:

t2 -I2t + 32 = 0 <=>[t

= 8 (thoa
=4

di0u kien) ~

[2' 2'

= 8 = 2 <=>[x = 3 = 4 = 2- x = 2
3
1

v~y nghicrn ciia phirong trlnh: x = 2 hay x = 3. b.(2)<=>6-I3. 3 )X t = ( '2

3)X ( '2

+6.

(3 )2\ =0 '2
3

D~t

' t > 0 . Ta

diroc phirong trlnh:

6t- -I3t

= '2 ~ '2 = 2 + 6 = 0 <=> [ t=% (%) =%=(%J'


t x

(3)'

<=>

[x = 1
x=-I

Vfiy nghicm cua phirong trinh:

= -1 hay

= 1.

Vi du 2.
2

Giai cac phirong trlnh sau:

a. 2 "+'_9.2"+\

+ 22X+2 =0 =14

(1)

b.

(2-J3)' +(2+J3)'

(2)

au:
t = 2' -, , t > O. Ta diroc phuong trlnh:
2

Dr,lt

2t _:9 +

i = 0 <=>2t
t

9t + 4 == 0 <=>

=4 t
1

t =2

71

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl ~ rl2\~-.' = ~ = 22 ~
2'--'

="2 = z'

[X2 - X - 2 = 0 ~ [X = -1 . X2 - X + 1 = 0 (vo nghicrn) X =2


X

Vdy nghicm ella phirong trinh:


b. Nhan xct:

= -I

hay

=2.

(2-.J3)(2+.J3)=1 , t > 0 ~ (2 +.J3)' -+t=14


t 1

D~t t

= (2 +.J3)'

=!

Suy ra Clj co dang:

~t2-14t+l=O

7 + 4.J3 r( 2 +.J3)' [ t = 7 - 4.J3 ~ (2 + .J3


t=

= ( 2 + .J3f = (2 -

.J3

= ( 2 + J3

r"

[X = 2

x = -2

V~y nghicrn ella phirong trinh:

x = -2 hay x = 2 .

Vi du 3.
.v

Gidi de hat phtrong trlnh sau:

a. log , 2 + log, 4x = 3. h.log,x


2 2

-14.log'6,x

+40.1og4,'v'x=O.

cuu

Dicu kicn: .

X>O { x:;t2 1 1 1-!og2x _+log2x-1=O

(1)~--(-)+2+IOg2X=3~
Icg , 2
-X
X,

D~ t t

log,

t :;t 1. Ta eo phirong trinh:

1 -+t-l=O~t(t-2)=O~ 1- t

[t

= 0 ~ [lOgo = 0 t=2 log: x = 2


X

¢::;;>

[x = I
x
4.
=

So vdi dicu kicn ta eo nghicrn ella phuong trlnh:


72

= 1 hay x

nuvi.·-~eDta.o'rl
h.log,x2_14.log,6,XJ+40.log4,fx=o (2)
Di0u kien:

{X>

x7:-2,x7:--,x7:-16
X-

O.

4
X

(2)

¢:::>

Zlog, log2 Iog2 (

42.logllH
_

+ 20.log4,

=0

¢:::>

X) 2

21. log2 x + 10. log} x = 0 log) 16x log,4x 21. t


7:-

¢:::>

log, X log, X -I
X

log) X 4 + log, I,t


7:-

+ 10.
X

log2 X 2 + log,
Ta

=0
X

D,}t

t = log,

vcii

-4,t

7:- -2.

co phuong

trlnh:

_l__

t-I

21._t_+IO._t_
4+t

2+t

=0

¢:::>

t(2t2 -3t-2)

=0

¢:::>

It =_J_2
l=2

ft

=0

log, ~ log)

=0

x =I I

= --

¢:::>

X
X

=-

.J2
2

log,
So vdi ui0u kicn ta
X

=2

=4

co nghicmcua
= 4 hay
X

phirong trlnh:

= I hay

=-

.J2
2

Vi du 4.

Gi.ii de phtrcng trlnh sau: .

a. 4

1"g,2t

-x

log,(' 2

. =.231"g,4.,' .
-

h. log,

(x - ,/x
-

I ) .log.

(x + '/x
(I)

I ) = log.;

(x - '/x

I) .

Giai a.
,2, 41og. 1,,",(, =.23Iog,4" X", .

Di0u kicn: x> 0 .


73

D~t

(=

log,

41+1 _( 21

=> X
g ,6

t .Ta

co phirong trlnh:

2.32(1+1) ~

4.41 -

(i

Og,6

Y
18.

= 18.91

~ 4.41 - 61 = 18.91 (2)

~ 4-"2(3)1

(3 )21

"2

So voi di0u kicn ta co nghiern ciia phirong trlnh: h. log, ( X


- ~ X2 X2

X=-.

4
(1)

-1 ).log, ( x + ~ X2 -1 ) = log, ( X -1 ~ 0
r=":
\j X-

-~)

Di0uki(:n:

x+

-1 > 0
)(X

~x~l

Nhan xet:

(X

/\"2 -I

- ~ X2

-I )

=1
x-~x2-1
=~.
(

Dod6: D~t t=x+~,

((>0)

thl

(1) ~ log, (

7)

.log, ( = log.,

(7) ~
= SlOg204

log, r.log, t = log., t 4) = 0

~ log, r.log, t = log20 -l.log, t ~ IOg4 t.( logs t -log2u log t = 0 ~ [ log: t = log., 4 ~ + Vdi ( = 1, ta co: + Vdi t =
Slog204,

[t = 1
t

+ ~ X2 -1 = 1 ~

=1

ta co:

74

So vdi di0u kicn ta eo nghicrn

ella phuong trlnh:

= 1 hay

= ~(SIOg204 + S-log",4).

b.2. M(jt sl{ bai tijp tip dung co liti gidi b.2.l. D~ bai Hai 1. (*) Giai de phirong trinh sau: a. 23x+I_7.22\ +7.2x -2=0

(D0 du' bi kh6i O2 2007). (DG du bi khoi B2 2006). (D'.li hoc Y H?t N0i, 2(00) (Dai hoc An ninh, 1999).

h.

9,2+\-1

-10.3"
2.\

H-2

+ 1= 0

c. 2

3.,

-6.

--'(--) 2-' .\-1

+-. = 1 2\
trlnh sau:

12

d. 9sil1', + 9""" = 10
Bai 2. (*) Gi.ii de phuong

a.

(2 -log) - x) log, x 3 -

4 I-log

h. log,

(J' -I)
X+

log,

(3<+1 - 3) = 6
8
1
X+

=I

(DG du bi Kh6i B2 2(07). (D0 du bi Kh6i 01 2(06). (D6 dir bi Kh6i A2 2006). (DG du bi Kh6i O2 20(6). (D,~i hoc Y H?t N0i, 2000).

c. log, 2 + 2log2, d. 2(log2


C.

4 = log)b

I) log,

log, - = 0 4

log,(3-.Jx2
g "

-2x+l

)=~
=1+X2 =4

f. (2+J2)lu

+x.(2_J2)IOg" +x-I)+log,+,(2x-l)2

(DHQG (Kh6iA-

H?t N(Ji,2000) 20(8)

g. log2x_I(2x2

b.2.2. Uti ghii


Bai 1. Giai de phirong trtnh sau: +7.2x -2=0
t
1 -

a. 23x+I_7.22x
Dat t=2',

c- O
2

Ta co: 2t

7t

+ 7t - 2
2x = 1 x 2 =2 2x=!..

= 0 <=> (t -1 )(2t
rx = 0

5t + 2)

=0

t =I

<=> t = 2 ~
[ t=!..

<=> x: 1
x--l

VGy nghicrn cua phirong trinh l?t: x = -1; x

= 0; x = l.
75

h. 9,'+\-1 -10.3\'+\-2 B~t 1=3\'+1·2,

+ 1 = 0 ¢=>9.9,'+>-2 -10.3\'+>-2 r so
¢::>

+ 1= 0

It

1=

= \ => l3':+>-: = \ ¢=> + 2=0 3\ +.\-- = x: + x - 2 = -2

[x: x -

2 ¢=>[X +X-2=0
x +x=O
Y~y nghicrn
C.
2

¢=>[X=I hayx=-2
x=O hay x=-I

ella

phirong trinh lit: x = -2; x = 0; x = ±I.

20\ - 6.2' - _I - + g = 1 ¢=> iC\-I) 2' Bat t = 2 \ - .


t
J

(23x -

~J- (2' - 2J
23, 6 2'

=1

2 2\

=> 23\ - -,-

2 = to + 61 . Ta eo phuong trinh: 2"

+ 6t - 6t = 1 ¢=>t' = 1 ¢=>1 = 1

=> 2\

_2 = 1 ¢=>22\ -2' 2'


ella phuong

-2 = 0 ¢=>2\ = -I (Ioai) hay 2' = 2 ¢=>x = 1

Y~y nghicm d. 9"11' , f-),}t 1 Suy fa:

trinh:

1.

+g

, ens-,
sill

=
.

10 (1)

=9

"

Ta eo: 0 ~ sin ' x ~ 1 => 1 ~ 1 ~ 9

9CllS-'

= 91-

S111

,
-'

= -;t:

Khi u6:

9 (1) ¢=>1 + - = 10 ¢=>t2 -lOt + 9 = 0 ¢=>


1

[t

= 1. t=9

(thoa ui0u kicn)

=> 9""'\ =9 ¢=> sin ' x=1

[9

il1 S '

. =1
\

[.

SII1 2 X

=0

[.

S1I1 X

=0
(k
E E

¢=> cos x= O
7r

¢=>sin 2x = 0 ¢=>x = k
Yay nuhicrn . ~. Bui 2. a. Giai de ella phuong ~ trlnh: phuong x )log'J trlnh sau: 3-

Z)

= k 7r (k 2

Z).

(2 -log,

4
I-log_] x

== I

(1)

76

(I ) <=>

2 -log1

log, (9x)

4 I-log] x

=1 <=>

X 4 -=1 2 + log] x I -log] x

2 -log1

D~ilt = log, x (t"* -2, t "* I)

2-t Tae(): ----=1


2+t

4
I- I

<=>t -3t-4=O<=>

rt=-I
Lt = 4

r ~l - . Ix=loglX=-1
log, x I
=

I x ~,XI
L

.3

, So vdi dicu kicn ta e6 nghicrn . .

ella phuong trlnh l:t x ~

=3

hay x

= Xl.

h. log, (3' -I) log,


Di6u kicn:

(3'+1 -

3) = 6

3' - I > 0 <=> x > 0

Ta co: leg,

(3'

-I) log} (3x+1-

3) = 6 <=> log, ()'

-I) log] [3(3'

-I)]

= ()

<=> log] ( 3' -I) [ I + log}( 3' -I)] = 6 D~t t = log] ()' -I), ta co:
l(t

+ 1) = 6 <=> 12 + t - 6

= () <=>
=2
-

=2

[ 1 =-3

=>

log] (3' -I)

[ lou (3'-1)=-3 b.l 3.'. = 1.0 [ 3' =~ 27

<=>

[3.'. -1 = 9
3'-1=-

27

<=>

')x

<=>

lX = log] 10
x=lou2H
bJ

27

So vdi Ji6u kicn, ta co nghicm

cua plurong trlnh l:t:

x=log11O

hay x=log1-.

28
27

c. log, 2 + 21og2, 4 = 10gb 8


Dicu kicn: x >

a,x"*

I,x

=t:.-

2
77

·-mti~~---.- ----··I"g./ .. '" .. I ", III Th101'1·..', ...'·c_eBm.or,


e- .. " ..
• U ...",

IVS, ... I ...IVSh

.. '-"

log)h 8 ~ ~

log, 2 + 4log2x

= 61og2r =0
=0

log, 2 - 2log2, 2

..

~--log, ~--1

2
X

log, 2x 2

log,

X X

1+ log,

=0
X

<=> log,
So voi di0u kicn, ta

= 1 <=> x = 2
x

co nghicm cua phirong trlnh: + log, 4


1

d. 2(log2

+ 1) log,
>0

=2,

Di0u kicn: x

Ta co: 2(log2 x
D~t t

+ 1) log,
ta

+ log, _!_

°~
=
1

(log,

+ 1) log, x - 2 =

log)

X,

co:
t

t +t-2=0~

['=-2

=1

[tOg,X=-2

log,

=2
1

~
[

x=4

So vdi dicu kicn, ta

co nghicrn cua phuong trlnh:


(1)

x = - hay x = 2 ,
4

c.log.(3-.Jx2

-2X+l)=_!_ 2

Di0u kicn:

o<x 1 {3-.Jx2-2x+l
:;t

>0

{o < x

:;t

-2<x<4

{o < x < 4
x:;tl

(1) ~

log,

(3 -.J x

2x + 1) = log, Fx
~Fx=3-lx-ll
(2)

~3-.Jx2-2x+I=Fx +Nc'u O<x<l:

(2)~Fx=x+2~x=(x+2)2 ~ x2
-

3x + 4 = 0 (YO nghiem)

78

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
+ Ncu 1 < x < 4: (2)
¢::::;> ¢::::;>

Fx = 4 x

¢::::;>

x = (4 -

X)2

¢::::;> X

2-

9x + 16 = 0

= 9 +207 ~(1;4)

X=

9-f1
=
)

¢::::;>X=---

1-07
2

E(I;4) 1- 2

la p ' V ay, ng hi icrn cua nh irong trin hi' a: x


A A

07 .

.( f. 2

+ -v2

t;)IOg,

.r

r: )IOg2 + x. 2 - -v2
( X (

.r

= 1+ x.r

Di0u kicn: x> 0 . Nhan xet: Dodo:D~L

r: )IOg2 r: )IOg, . 2 --v2 (2 +-v2


t=

I_ = 2 ag,' = (r;::;)IOg2X 2--v2

r;::;)IOg,X .r s ( 2+-v2
¢::::;> (2 _ (X2

o
+

thi

=('
¢::::;>

(1)

¢::::;>

t + x = 1+ x2 (

l)t

+ x2 = 0
¢::::;>

[t

=x

= 12 x = 1.
X

r;::;)IOg2X + V oi t = 1 , La co: ( 2 + -v2 =1 + Voi t = x2


,

log,
¢::::;>

=0

¢::::;>

La co:

(2 +

J2)IOg"

= x2

J2) = 21og2 ¢::::;> log, x.[ log} (2 + J2) - 2] = 0


log, x.log, (2 +
¢::::;>

log, trinh:

So voi di0u kicn

La co nghicm

ciia phuong

= 0 ¢::::;> x = x = 1.

1..

g. log2x_' (2x z + x-I) D·.> k' All lCU 'lcn:

+ logx+, (2x

_1)2

=4

2<x

¢::::;> ¢::::;> ¢::::;>

log2x_' (2x -1)( x + 1) + logx+, (2x -

II = 4
x=2
X=-

1+ log2x_' (x + 1) + 21ogx+, (2x -1) = 4 log\x_, (x + 1) - 31og2x_ (x + 1) + 2 = 0 ' IOg2x_1 (x+ 1) = 1 [ log2x_,(x+l)=2
¢::::;>

¢::::;>

[x+ 1 = 2x -I x+l=(2x-l)

2 ¢::::;>

5 4

x=O (lo~i)
V~y phircng trlnh co hai nghiern:

5 = 2 va x ="4'
79

.U~."J.-'~Q;~~(~y~),~~I~~{lIlg ,

todtt !lay

a. Day Iii.phirong ph.ip rflt hay dung uG gi~ii phirong trlnh mil va logarit, ta khco 160 d(IL Un phu thich hop d0 dira phuong trinh v0 dang dai s6 vlli fIn mdi, giiii phuong trlnh nay tim nghiern the vao La siS diroc phirong trlnh eel ban hoac phucng trinh don gian hen, h. Khi d~t fin phu ta din d~t di0u kicn thich hop eho fin mdi, d6 rut ngan hot <'I cac biroc gi~ii tiep theo vii. nhttlii. nghicm cua phuong truth. trong de bai phai hi en luau

s6

c. D~NG 3: Phuong pluip liigarit luia (dauli clio phuang trill" mil) c.l . Cdc vi du miuh hoa 'Vi du 1. a. 5\.8 Gi.li cac phuong trlnh, hflLphirong trinh sau:
I

-I
1

= 500

I
36.3
21 .

h. 8'+]

_j

ouu
\-1

a. 5'.8

= 500
-:I:-

Dieu kicn: x
J(.I-I) ¢:.?

0.
3~~=1)_o
.r -

5'.2

.1

= 53.22 ¢:.? 2

= 53-

-.::-}
1

¢:.?

= 53-

1-3
1

¢:.?

log] 2

= log] 53-

¢:.?

[ I + X log,S = 0 ¢:.?
-

X =3

[X = 3
x

= __

1_ log] 5

= -logs

Y~y nghicm ella plurong trinh: x = 3 hay x = -logs 2. h. 8't1


=

36.3"

Dieu k icn: x

-:I:-

-2 .

"'" 2 ,':, ' ~ 3" "'" log, ( 2:;;


r-4 x+2

1~ log, (3'-' )
4) (.-- I ,x+2

¢:.? -' -

= ( 4 - x)

log] 3

¢:.?

(x -

+ log, 3 ) = 0

xu

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
X =4
Q

[X = 4
Q

[ x= __ I_-2=-log)2-2
log13

x=-log
X

18

Vay

nghicm ella phircng trinh:

= 4 hay x = -log} 18.

Vi du 2.

Giai de phirong trlnh, btt phirong trinh sau: = 0,2.( 10,-1

a. 2'.5'

b. 34' = 43'

Gidi
a. 2'.5'
Q

= 0,2.
5

(10'-1/
Q

10'.

110 = -. 5('-1)

Iog (lOX) = Iog -2 +1og 105(,-1)


10 .

QX

= log 2 -1 + 5x - 5 Q 4x

= 6 -log

2 Q x = - - -log 2 . 24

4'

= 3' log} 4 Q '3

(4)'

= log} 4 Q

= log , (log) 4).

c.2. M(U .w;'bizi tijp tip dung co lai giai c.2.1. D~ bai
Bai 1. Giai de phuong trinh sau:
\

a. 3'.8\+1
C.

= 36 x6 .5-log, 5 = 5-5 .
Giai de phuong trinh sau:
Xl
_ 'OgO.5(sin2

Uai 2.

a. 4.xlog,\ =
c. 4

x+5sin.\.l,;osx+2)

_!_

c.2.2. Lui giai mli 1. Girii cac phirong trinh sau:

a. 3'.8<+1

= 36
x:;:.-1

Di0u kicn

~1

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl J <=> log) 3'.2 ~ = log) 36 <=>


)x (

3 + -X-log) x +I

= 2 + 2 log)
2)

<=>

X-

2+

x-

x+l

2 log) 2

= 0 <=> (x -2)(1 [X
X

+_l_log) .r +I

XX

2=0 log) 2

=2

<=> [ _1_ = __ 1_ <=>


+1

-I-log

<=>

[X = 2
X

= -log)

(thoa di6u kien)


X

V~y phirong trlnh c6 nghiern

=2

hay 5

= -log}

6.

h. 3,2_4 =

5'-2

<=> x2 -4 = (x-2).log)

<=> x2 -4 = (x- 2).log) 5


5
9

<=>(X-2)(X+2_10g35)=O<=>[X=2
X

= -2

+ log) 5 5 9".

= log)

V~y phuong trlnh co hai nghiern: X


C.

=2

hay

= log)

x6 .5-log,

5-s
X

(1)

Di0u kien 0 <

*- 1
log ,S)

(1) <=> logs

(x .56

= logs (5-S)
5 = -5

<=> 6.logs <=>


logs

-log,

<=> 6log/
5

+ Slog. x-I

=0

x = -1
=1 6

[ logs x

<=>

fx

= 5-1 =.!.
~
(thea di6u kicn)

x = 56 = ifS x=

V~y phtrong trlnh c6 hai nghiern:

hay x

= ifS.

Ba! 2. a.. 4·

Giai cac phirong trlnh sau: x


log. x

= X2

(1)

Di6u kicn: x > 0

(1) <=> log, ( 4.Xlog4X) = log, x2 <=> 1 + log, x.log, X = Zlog , X

<=> log," X - Zlog, X + 1 = 0 <=> log, X = 1 <=> x = 4


So vdi di0u kien, suy ra phirong trinh c6 nghiern: x 82

4.

..uvi ~DdieD- I,.O_:I 1og


b. x4.63 = 6 ,6 (1) Di6u kicn: 0 < X -:t:. 1 (1) ¢::> log,
¢::>

(X4
2

.63)
X

= log,

(610gx6)

¢::>

4.1og6

X + 3 = log,

410gb 10gb

+ 31og6 x-I
1
¢::>

=0
1

X X
b

= -1

rx = 6-

= _!_
6

¢::>

[ log

=-

(thoa di6u kien)

x = 64 =

if6
X

V~y phuong trlnh c6 hai nghiern:


C.

= 7; hay

= if6.

10g(J.5(Sin2

x+Ssin.\'.cosx+1)

=-

(1)

Dicu kicn: sin2


(1)
¢::>

X + 5sin x.cos x + 2> 0 10g,u(SII1'x+5Sill,COSX+2) log, [ 4 ] = leg, ~

¢::> ¢::> ¢::>

logo.5 (sin

x + 5 sin x.cos x + 2) = logo.5 3

sin 2 X + 5 sin x. cos x + 2 = 3 (thoa di~u kien) 5 sin x. cos x - cos' X = 0 ¢::> cos x (5 sin X - cos x) cosx = 0 cos X
<=:>

=0
,k
Jr E ~).

=0
= -5
1 <=:>
[

x x

<=:>

[5 sin x - cos x = 0
so va so mil

= -2 + kst
= arc an
t (

Jr

ftan x

I) k -+
5

c.3. M(U st{ lttu j khi gidi dangtodn


Khi g~p cac phuong thira co co cung trlnh

flay

trlnh co hai v€

d6u duong va Ii tich cua nhieu liiy

so I11U duoc),

khac nhau (khong vdi co

nGu lay logarit

so thich

th~ dira

vc cling

hop ta

co th~

co

so, hoac

dira phirong

d<l cho thanh phirong trinh don gidn hen d<l biGl each giai.

d. D~NG 4: Phuong phdp sii dung tinh dan difu cua ham si;' d.l. Cdc vi du minh hoa
Vi du 1. Giai cac plurong trlnh

sau: b. 2,-1 _ 2"-'

a. 2'

= 1+ 3

.r

= (x _1)2.
83

cut
a. 2\ = 1+32

42 = 1+ 32 ~"4

.\
\

.\ ( 3) +"4 (I)
\"

\'

=I
trlnh.

Nhan xct: x M~t khac:

= 2 la

melt nghiern
.r

ella phuong

+ .f +

(x) = ( %

rr
+(~

El ham so luon nghich bien;

g(x) = I la

ham hang.

Do dll, d0 thi ella hai ham s6 nh£lt ell hoanh dO x V~y: x

f (x)

va

g (x) dt nhau tai mot diC;m duy


trlnh.

= 2 la

= 2.
duy nhflt ella phudng

nghiem

h. 2\-1 _ 2"-,

= (x-I)2 ~ 2,-1 - 2"-' = (X2 - x)-(x


~2\-I+x-I=2'2-\+x2-x

-I)
(I)

D(lt

1I

= x -I, v = x

Ta e() (I) lr(~ thanh:

2"

+ II = 2' + v

Xct ham sc>: f(t)

= 21 +t
vdi moi t
X ~

Suy ra: Ham Do do:

f' (t) = 21 In 2 + I > 0, \it E ~ sc> f (t) luon IU()J1d(~ng hien


= I( ~ u = v v)
ella phuong trinh:

E~ .
-

f (u)

~ x -I = x2
x

x2

2x + I = 0 ~ x = I

V~y nghicrn

1.

Iv!
I I

du 2.

Giiii cac phuong

trinh sau:

a. 3.25\-~ +(3x-lO).5,-2

+3-x=0.
_j

h.(2J6)

+_I_=_5\_.
Giai

a. 3.25,-2 +(3x-IO).5,-2
D~t t

+3-x=0

(I)

= 5\-2,

t>

O.Liic do (1) co dang: + 3 - x = 0 ~ [, = ~ t=3-x

3/2 + (3x -IO)t

84

.UV- -,11 ,ell _ 1.0 _]1 ,I


.
1

+ Vdi t

= _!_ <=> 5,-2 = _!_ <=> 3 3


=3-x nghicm

X-

= log. (_!_) -' 3

<=>

= 2 -log> _3 )

+ Vdi l=3-x<=>5,-2 Nh(tn xct: x M~t kh.ic:

(*)
ella phirong rrlnh.

= 2 Ia mot

f (x) = 5'-2

Iii ham s{)"]uon luon u(')ng bi0'n;

+ g (x) = 3 - x Iii ham s6 nghich bien.


Yay: x

= 2 El

nghicrn duy nhflt ella phuong trrnh (*).

K0't lu(ln: Nghicrn ella phirong trrnh uil cho Iii: x h.

=2

hay x"'" 2 -logs

3.

(2J6)'

+ 1= 5' <=> -5-

216 )'

(I)'(= S
-

Nhan xct: x Mii,t kh.ic: + + ./.(\,._)

= 2 Iii mOt

nghicrn ella phirong truih.

-, I(\2J}',)'I\+(SI)"
_1

Iii ham so luon nghieh bien;

g (x) = I Iii ham hing.

Do do, u6 thi ella hai ham


nhfll co hoanh u(> x

s6 f (x) vii g (x) dt nhau tai mOt ui0m duy

= 2.
~

YaY: x = 2 Iii nghicm duy nhfll ella phuong trlnh.

I
LI

Vi "
.1.

3.

~i~ii de~hu(1nJg "" log , _\+(x 1)log2x-6


>

s~u: .

2x.

I
I

__

h_._._\2_+_ 3_IOg_,_\_=_x_IO_g_,s_. _

___j
cuu

a.log/x+(x-l)log2x=6-2x
Di6u kicn: x> O.
Diit

log,

X,

plnrong trinh

uJ.
=

cho trd thanh:

t 2 + (x

I) t + 2x - 6

0 <=>

'll

=-2

1=3-x

,-iuvi~ndieDtu,.O'_-:=,~',
+ Voi t

= -2, ta co: log,-x = -2 <=> x = _.!._ 4


x

+ Vdi IOg2X=3-x(*).
NMn xet:
M,~t khac:

= 2 la nghicrn

cua phuong trlnh.

f (x) = log, x
= 3-x

Ia ham so d6ng bien;

+ g(x)

la ham so nghich bien.

V~y, x = 2 Ia nghicm duy nhat cua phuong trlnh (*). Ket lufin: Nghicm ciia phirong trinh dii eho Ia x I ="4 hay x = 2 .

b. x2 +3log,x D~t t

X1og,5

(1)

Di6u kicn: x > O.

= log,

=>

= 2' .

(I)'<=> (2' r + 3' = (2' yog,5 <=> 21' + 3' = (iOg,5), <=> 4' + 3' = 5' <=> ( ~)'
NMn xct:
M~t khac:
t

+ ( ~)' = I
ciia phuong trlnh

= 2 Iil nghicrn

+ +

f(t)=(~)'
g(t) = I

+(~)'

Ia harn so nghich bicn

Ia ham h~ng

Vay, t 2 lil nghiern duy nhat cua phirong trinh, suy ra: x cua phirong trlnh dii eho. Vi du 4. Giai cac phirong trlnh sau:

= 4 1ft nghicm

a. log),

x2 +x+3 2x- +4x+5

= x-, + 3x

+2 .
.

b. log) (Xl + X + I) -log) X = 2x - x2

cu.
a.log), 86 Xl + X + 3 2x- + 4x + 5 =x-+3x+2(1)
1

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
Ta co: Dodo:
J

{ 2x- +4x+5 > 0, '\Ix E IR.

x" + x + 3> 0, vx E IR.

va 2x- +4x+5-

(?x-

+x +S =X- +3x+2.

(1) ~

10g3 (X2 +x

+S )-10g3

(2X2 +4x+5)

= (2X2

+4x+5)

_(X2 +x+3)

~ 10g3 (X2 +x+3)+(


Dat {

x2 +x+3)

= 10g3 (2X2 +4x+5)

+( 2X2 +4x+5)

= x2

+x+3
2

v = 2x +4x+5

(u>2,v>2)

Ta co phuong trinh: 10g3 u Xet ham so: f(t)=10g3t+t, 1

+ u = 10g3 V + v
t>2

f' (t) = + 1 > 0, '\It > 2 tin 3

=> f (t)
Do do: j

la ham s6luan

luon d6ng bien

'\It> 2 .

(u) = f (v) ~ u = v

~ x" +x+3 = 2X2 +4x+5 ~ x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 ~ x = -1 hay x = -2


V~y, nghicrn ella phirong trinh la: x

= -1
(2)

hay x

= -2.

b.

10g3 ( x2 + X + 1) -10g3 X
Di6u kicn: x > (2) ~

= 2x

- x2

o.

10g3 [

X2 + X + x

1] = 2x - x..._"
2

_.__

x +X+ x

1 = 32x-x2

, + Xet harn so: f(x)=


Taco:

x2 +x + 1 x

.x c- O

f(x)=x+_!_+1~2. x

~x.~
x >0

Q +1=3=>f(x)~3,\fx>0.
~31 =3,

'" + X,ct h'am so: g ()x = 32<-<2 .., Ta co: 2x-x2

=1-(x-l)2

~1=>g(x)=32x-x2

'\Ix>O

Do do: f (x) = g (x) = 3 ~ x = 1 Vay, nghicrn ella phirong trinh la: x

1.

87

Thuvi,'-ndieuhl.Q,rl
d.2. M{)t

srI hili

tfjp tip dung

co It'Jigidi

d.2.1. D~ bai Bai 1. Giiii de phtrong trinh sau: a. 3' +x- 4 Bai 2.

=0

b.

(4
3

3 ),\

= _x1 + x-I

Giai de phirong trinh sau:

a. logs x = II - 2x
Bai 3. Giai de phuong trlnh sau: a.

~ b ..x

_logJ4

_ -x

.2Iog).\

x log)2

(~7+ 4F3 r + (~7- 4F3 r = fW


(I -"3 ).\ + 5 .r - (1 )X

h. 3.v

4 - (5).\ 12

= - 3x + 10

Bai 4. (*) Giili plnrong trlnh:

2.1og6 ( if;+

V;) = log, Fx

(1).

(D'.li hoc Y khoa Ha NQi, 1(98) Bai 5.


(*) Gi,li phuong trlnh sau:

3.1 + 2' = 3x + 2.
(Du bi B2 - 20(3)

H , . 6 . (I G"rat. P h uong tnn h : 1og2 2 x_I ' )al ")

-I-xl- = 1 + x- 2 x .
(Du bi O2
-

2(07)

Bai7.

(*)GiiiiphUl1ngtrlnh:

4'-2

HI

+2(2.\-I)sin(2\+y-I)+2=O.
(Du bi DI - 20(6)

d.2.2. Uii gil'ii Bai 1. Giai c.ic phuong trlnh sau: a, 3' + x - 4 = Ta thfly:

f (x) = J' d5ng f

°~

3' = 4 - x
bien trcn

IR : g (x) = 4 -

nghich bien trcn Ll.? .

Mjit khac:
h.

(I) = g (I) = 3 , suy ra phirong trlnh co nghicm duy nhflt x = 1 .

3 )X 1 ( -4 = - x + x-I
TathflY:

j(x)= (3)X 4
trlnh

>O,VXEJR:.
nghicm,

;g(x)=-4-

( X2_

1)2 <O,VXEIR

Ncn phuung

vo

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
a. logs x
Tathfty:

IH,i 2. Giai de phirong trlnh sau:

11- 2x

f(x)=logsx

d0ng bien trcn (0;

+00);

g (x) = 11- 2x nghich bien trcn lR. Mat khac:

I (5) = g (5) = 1, suy ra phirong

trinh co nghicm duy nhftt x =

5.

h . ~ x log,4 - x "2Iog,X _ x log," (I) .

3 DiCu kicn: x> 0


(l)<=:>*.(iOg\\f <=:>~ .iog,\ = x2

=x2.iog,x
-

-iog\\,(vl

alog/oc =clog/o(/)

1 3' , tljn den phuong trinh: ( +"9 1 )' =1

D~t log) x

= t => x =

8 3.3'

8 =9' -1 <=:>33 ( 1 )'

f (I) = 3' 3
=

8 (I ).\ +"9 la ham (I)·'

s(') Ilion nghich bien.

+ g (t)

I I~lam hang. h

Do

t1(),

di) thi cua hai ham s(')

f (t)

va

g (t) d t nha

II U.l i

m()! diem

J uy

nhft! co hoa nh d() t = 1 => log, x = 1 <=:> x = 3. Vfi y:

x = 3 ta nghicrn duy nhftt cua phuong trrnh.

Bui 3. Giai de phuong trlnh sau:


a.

(b+4J3)' +(b-4J3)' ~JW ~[~7+1:J3J [t-l:J3 +

J ~I

Ta thfiy

/. .I (x) = [{7;4J3].\ + [0-4f3JX ~~ ~~


7-

ia ham sclluon

nghich bien

( VI

0<

413
14

7+

413

14

< 1 ),

S II Y

ra:

Thuvi,'-ndieuhl.Q,rl
+ Khi x > 2 + Khi x < 2

=> f (x ) < f (2) = 1

=> f (x ) > f (2) = 1

+ Khi x = 2 =>
V~y:

f (x ) = f (2)

=1

x = 2 ia nghicm duy nhKt ella phirong trlnh.


x

h.

3' -"3

, ( 1)' +5 -"4 1)' - (5)' ( 12


x

=-3x+l0

xer f (x) = 3

-"3 (

1 )X

( + s: -"4 1 )X

- (5)X 12
4 4 12

=> j • , (x) = 3 .r .1113 - ( -1)" 1111 + 5 x 111 - ( -1 )X 1111 - (5)x. 5 3 3

5 .In12

5 12 =3'.1113+"3( 1)' 1113+5'1115+ ( 1 )X 111+( 12)X .1115>O,VxE~


Ncn Va

'4

f (x)

dOng bic'n tren lR : g (x)

= - 3x + 10 nghich bien

trcn

lR
trlnh

l(i)=3-~+5-_!'-2.=7;g(I)=-3.1+10=7, . 3 4 12 co nghiern duy nhat x = 1 .


Bai 4. DiGu kicn: x > 0

suy ra phucng

¢=>4~ +2;

=6~

¢=>(%l
I

+(~J

=1

Nhan xct: t = 2 la nghiern Mat khac:


I

cua phirong trinh.

+
+

2)2 t f () = ('3

( "" "" +"3 1)2 I'a h'am so ng hiic h bilen.

g(t) = 1 ia

ha111 h~ng.

Do do,

t = 2 la nghiern duy nha't ella phirong trlnh.

Suy ra: .[; Vay, nghiern

= 42

¢=> X

= 256

(thoa diGu kien).

ella phuong

trlnh drr cho la x

= 256.

90

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
Bai 5. Ta c6: 3' + 2' = 3x + 2 Xet ham s6:
¢::::>

3' + 2' - 3x - 2 = 0 (1)


ella (1)
E

NMn xct: x = 0; x = 1 la nghiem

1(x) = 3' + 2'


1'( ) = 3' x

- 3x - 2, x

IR

In 3 + 2' In 2 - 3
2

I" (x) = 3' In


=> I' (x) Iii ham
Mat khac:

3 + 2' In 2 2 > 0, '\Ix


E

s6 d6ng bien '\I x

R.

{ 1'(I)=lnl08-3>0
=0
c6 mot nghiern

I'(0) = In 6 -

3<0

=> 1'(0).1'(1) < 0


Xo
E

=> f'(x)
x

duy nha't

(0; 1)

Bdng bien thien:


-00

Xo

+00

rex)
+00

o
~CT~

+
+00

f(x)

Suy ra, phuong

trlnh

f (x) = 0
(1)

c6 hai nghiern:

= 0; x = 1.

. Bai 6. log2-I-xl-

2x -1

= 1 + x - 2'

£)i6u kicn: x > 0


(1)

<=> log2 (2' - 1) -IOg2X

<=> IOg2 (2' - 1) + (2' - 1) = logjx + x


£)~t u

1 + x - 2'

= 2' -

1, U > 0

Ta c6: IOg2U + u Xct ham d~t

= IOg2X + X <=> f(u) = I(x) tnrng: f'(t) = log-t + t, vdi t> 0


1"'(t)=-+
1 tin t

1>0, Vt>O

_I

=> f(t) Iii ham s6 d6ng bien vt > 0


Dod6:

feu) = f(x) <=> u = x <=> 2' - 1 = x <=> 2' = x + 1


ella phirong trinh

Nhan xct: x = 0; x = 1 Iii hai nghiern Mat khac: £)6 thi (C) ella ham s6 y Do do, duang thang (d): Mil x

= 2'

16m tren khoang (0; +(0).

y=x+

1 chi dt

u6 thi

(C) t6i da tai hai di<Sm.

> 0 ncn phucng trinh

urr

cho c6 nghiem

duy nhfit Iii x

I.
91

"IIIVi,.",-, ..a_leD
Hui 7. Ta eo:

..

4' -2\+1 +2(2\ -1)sin(2\ ~ (22, ~[( 2'


-

+y-l)+2=O

2.2\ + 1)+ 2(2' -1)sin(2'

+ y -I) + 1 = 0 + y-I)]+ l-sin2(2' + y-I) =0

_1)2

+2(2' -1).sin(2\ + y-I)+sil/(2'

~ [2' -I + sin(2' + y -I) ~{2\-I+sin(2\.+y-1) cos(2 \ -+- Y - 1)


(2)

J+
=0

cos

(2' + y -1) = 0
(I)

=0 vo

(2)

~sill(2'

+y-I)=±I
nghicm

+ YOi sin(2 \ + y -I) = I: (I) ~ 2\ = 0: +VOi


The x

sin(2'+v-I)=-l:

2\=2~x=1

I vao (I), ta co:

sin(Y+I)=-I~y+I=-;+k21t~Y=-I-~+k21t

(kE'£)
E

Y~y nghicm ella plurong trlnh la: x = I, Y = -1- ~ + k'Ir: (k


d.3. Al{U sit luu

Z).

khi gidi dang todtt nay


loan kh6, thirong khi slt dung ba phuong phap trcn v;'in trlnh

a. Dfiy la dang

khong giiii diroc ta phai nghi den each nay. Khco leo dira plurong

thanh dang ct) hai ve la hai ham nghicm


va kellu~n do la nghicm

s6 co tinh
duy nhfit.

d(1n dicu kluic uhau, chi ra ta

h. Neu phu(Jng trmh nao co nhicu hon mOL nghieni

dn dua vao hiing

bien thicn dG suy ra kel luau.

e. ])1;1NG 5: Phuong trinlt mii e.l: Cdc vi dumiult hoa


Vi du l. Cho phuong trlnh:
ill

va liigarit

cluia tliam s[{

Ill. 16'

1. Gi.ii plnrcng trlnh khi

= 3.

+ 2.81' =

5.36'

(m

la

tham sf»

(I)

l
i

2. TIm IfII d de gia tr] cua m dG phirong trlnh eo nghicm duy nhal. (f),~i hoc Cftn Thcf, 1997)1

92

e •'U"W, " ,,' ."

-",fRi,',' '~' U. ,'~-_

.•

II

0-1-'°, '·-AI

ouu
~2.

(1)~1Il+2. t

4 (9)2,'

=5.

(9)' 4

(9\2, 4)
trlnh:

-5. 2t2

(9)' 4'
-

+111=0

D~t

=(4 ~9
111

J' .t > O.
(2) ~

Ta duoc phuong

5t + l/l

=0

(2)

1. Khi

= 3:

2t2

51 + 3 = 0

<c>

m'~%~ml
= 1= (
Q X

(*J *J
=0

lX = 0
X~~

v(ty:

Khi m

= 3 plnrong
f (t) = -2l2

trlnh co nghicm:

hay

1 ="2'

2. (2)<=>-212+5t=m
Xct
h~lI11 scl:

+ St , t > 0

I' (t) = -4l


f'(l)=O<=>t=%
Bang bien thicn:

+5

o
f '(tl f(tl

5 4 +w

I~' ~ -> T'i:t b" ang h'~' trncn ta uiay ycu cau bai toan icn I' ~ ar

<=>

III

:-s; 0 Iray m

25 = -.

Vi du 2,

Clio phirong trlnh:

4\

-111.21+1

+ 2m = 0 (1)
phan bi~t
XI' X2

1. Giiii phuong trlnh khi m


2. Tim m

of

phuong

= 2. trinh lIZt cho co hai nghicm

sao cho

XI

+ X2 = 3 .

(D<.ti hoc Can Th(j, 1998) 93

"IIIVi,.",-, ..a_leD
Dat t

..

cui
suy ra (1) co dang t2
-

= 2' ,t > 0, 1. Khi m = 2: (2)

2mt + 2m

=0

(2)
x::::

(2 -

41 + 4 = 0 ~ t = 2 ~ 2' = 2 ~ nghicm phan bict x,, x2:

1.

2. Phuong trlnh (1)

co hai

x, + x2 = 3

~ Phirong trlnh (2) co hai nghiern dirong phan biet I, L'l'>0


('.(2

= 2" ,1 = 2"
2

thoa:

=2".2"

=2,,+x =23 =8 ~
2

S>O
P=8

{m(m-2»0 2m>0
2m=8

~1/l=4.

V~y, gia tri m cftn tim la: m Vi du 3. Cho phirong trlnh: 81


,1 Sill,

= 4.
+ 81 cos, = m (1)
2

1. Giai phirong trlnh khi m 30. 2. Xac dinh m 06 phuong trinh co nghiern. Giiii
£)~t

= 81 ;I1",
s

ta co:
2

o :s; sin

s 1~
(+ -

1 s t :s; 81 ~ 81"°S2, = 81'-SI11 = ~


2 \

81

=~
SI/I-'

Khi d6 (1) trd thanh:

81 t

= III

(2) I [

1. Khi m
S

= 30:
2 ,

(2) ~

t' - 30t + 81 = 0 ~ [3
4S 2 ;11 ,

= 27
x=3

1=3

(thea oiGu kien)

81 ;11 =27 ~ [ 81s;I1"=3 ~

=33 ~

[4sin2
2

[2(I-COS2X)::::3 ~ 2(I-cos2x)::::1

3 ;n'x=3
4s

4sin x=1

~ [COS2X = -~ = cos 2; "'" [x =


1
Jr

±;
Jr

+ kr: (k,l

Z)

cos 2x = - = cos x = ± - + I Jr 2 3 6 81 2. X6t ham so': /(t):::: t +-, (E [1; 81]


t /'(/):::: 1-~::::
(2

,2 t: ~81
(loai)

It(()::::0~(::::9hay(::::-9
94

..uvi ~DdieD- I,.O_:I


Bang bien thicn:
81

Til bang bien thien ta thily yeu diu bai roan ~

18 ~

III ~

82 .

Vi d1.l4.

TIm m

dG phuong

trlnh:

log(x2 +l1lx)-log(x-3)

=0 (1) co nghiern.

au:

(1) ~
~

log(

Xl

+ mx) = log(x

-3)
{X>3
X
7

X-3>0 { X 2 + IIlX = X - 3 / (x)


~

>3 -x+l-~=m

-x- + X - 3 = mx ~
x> 3

X6t ham s6: Ta c6: f'(x) Ycu

= -x

+ 1- ~,
x

-1

+], < 0, Vx > 3 => /(x) x~

lil ham s6 nghich bien Vx > 3.

cau bai

toan ~ m < /(3)

m < -3.

Vi du 5.

TIm m

d0 phuong trlnh:

log,

1X

+ log

Xl

= m (log4

x2

3)

(1)

c6 nghicm

thuoc mra khoang

[32; +00 ).
(HQc vi¢n

Ky

thu(tt Qufin su, 2001)

Giai Di6u kicn: x > O.

(1) ~

~Iog/

x- 21og2 x-3
X,

= m(log2

x-3)

Dat t = log,

x 2: 32 => IOg2 x 2: 5 => t e: 5.


95

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
Ta co phuong trtnh:

-J t' - 2t - 3 = 111 (t -

3)

¢::>~(t+l)(t-3)
Xct ham so:.
, , A'

=m(t-3)

r() t = --,
-2

J§+ 1 t-3
t-3

¢::>Jt+1 t-3
t

=m

(do t?:5)

>5.

Taco:

f'(t)=

7gf+1 (t - 3)---t
5

<0,\7't?:5

Bang bien thicn:


+00

--._'

..

Tir biing bien thicn ta thfiy ycu

du bai

toan

¢::>

<

III ::;

13.

e.Z, M(Jt st/ hili tijp dp dung c.2.1. D~ bai


Hai 1. Xac dinh m

co 1M gidi
trlnh sau co nghiern:

06 phirong
2 ) .4 r 2+1
-

( 111 -

In

+ I ). .2 r '+1 + 2m - 6 = 0

(1) (1)

Hili 2.

(*) Cho phirong trlnh: (2

+ 13r + (2 -

13r = m

1. Gi3i (I) khi m

= 4.
(Da i hoc Quoc gia TP.HCM, 1996)

2. Tim m d6 phuong trinh co hai nghicm phan biet.


Hai 3.

Tim

muG

phuong trlnh sau day

co nghicm:
(Dai hoc Giao thong V~n tiii, 1999)

9' - 111.3' + 2m + 1 = 0 (1)


Hili 4. Chung minh rhng phirong trlnh X,..-I

(x

+ I)' co melt nghicm

dtrong

duy nhftt. (Du bi AI - 20(4).

96

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
Hili S. (*) Cho phirong trinh:

21og4 ( 2X2 - X + 2m - 4m2) + log ~ (X2 + mx - 2m2)


2

=0

(1)

Xac dinh tham 86 m

M phirong

trlnh (1)

c6 2 nghiern

x,, x2 tho a X,2 + X22> I.


2001)

(D':li hoc Y Duoc Tp.HCM,

Hili 6. (*) Cho phirong trlnh: log; x


Tim m d0 plnrong trlnh (2)

+ ~'-Io-g-; -x-+-1- 2m -1 = 0 (2)

c6 it nha't mot nghiern thuoc doan [1; 3 Jj ].


(Kh6i A - 2002)

Hili 7.

(*) Tim m
1).

d6

phuong

trlnh:

4(logFxf

-Iog~ x+m=O
2

c6 nghiern thuoc

kho.ing (0;

(Du bi B, - 2(03)

Hili 8. (*) Cho phuong trlnh:

(X2 -1).lg2 (X2

1)-m~2(x2

-1 ).lg(x2 + 1)+ m + 4 = 0 (1)

1. Giai phirong trinh vdi m

= -4.

2. Tim m de phuong trinh (1) c6 dung hai nghiem x thoa man: 1~

Ixl ~ 3 .

(D':li hoc Can Tho, 2(00)

Hili 9.

(*) Tim tfit

(;,'1 cac gia tri ciia m d6 phuong trinh: log? (m

- x + 4) + log ~ (mx - X2) = 0


?

(1)

co dung hai nghicrn

phan biet.

(Dai hoc Dan l~p Dong Do, 2(00) e.2.2. Lui giai Hili 1. D~t

t = 2\' ". ta c6:

x2 + 12 1 ~ t 2 2. +t+6 6 <=:>? 2t -t+2 = &m t:


2

(1)<=:>{m-2)t2
<=:>

-(m+l)t+2m-6=O

(t

t+

2) m = 2t

+t+

X6t ham s6:

97

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
Bang bien thien:
t
2 +00

f'ltl
4

...... ~

Tir bang bien thien ta thay yeu Bili 2. Nh~n xct: (2

du bai toan <=> 2 < m ~ 4 .

+ J3)( 2 -

J3) = 1
thl

Do dor Dat
Khi d6: (1)

t=(2+J3)"t>O
<=> t + ~ = m
t (2) ~
2

(2+J3)'

=~

(2)

1) Khi m

= 4:

t - 4t + 1 = 0 <=>

[;

= 2+J3 t = 2-J3
=2-J3
2

=> (1) <=>

f( 2 + J3}' = 2 + J3 <=> [x = 1
(2-J3)' x=-1

2) Xctham s6:

f'(t)=I_-!,.=t :1 t r r f'(t) = 0 <=> t = 1 hay t = -1 (loa i)


o
+""

f(t)=t+~,t>O;

Bang bien thien: f'ttl fttl


<,

o
.. "":.11..
2

+
+ ...

-........ ,

Tir bang bien thien ta thay ycu du bai toan Bai3.


f)~t

<=> m > 2.

t = 3\t > O.

(1) <=>

t2 -mt+2m+l
t' + 1

= 0 <=> t

+1

=(t-2)m

<=> -98

t-2

=m

(do t

= 2 khong

thoa phirong trlnh vdi moi m)

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
Xc h'am so: () ~'J t ct t = -2

t-2

+ 1 , VOl t > 0 . ,.

J'(t)=t2-4t~1 (t-2f

J '(t)
Bang bien thicn: t

°~ t

=2+15 hay t =2-

15

(loai)

2+/5

+00

t'ttl tttl

Tir bang bien thicn ta thay phuong trinh co nghiern

~m<-_!_

hay

m~4+215.

Hui 4. Di0u kien: x > 0 Taco:


X'+I

=(x+IY

~(x+I)lnx=xln(x+l) ~ (x + I) In x - x In ( x + I) =

X6t ham so': f (x) = (x + I) In x - x In (x + I), x >


, x+I x J(x)=lnx+--ln(x+I)--=-In x x +I
D~t t=-.Oo

°
(X+IJ x x+I +--x x
x+I

x+ 1 x

x>O=>t>1
1 t 1

Taco:

g(t)=-lnt+t--, g'(t)=--+1+2= t t
1

t>l t2
-

t +1

>0, \it>1

=>g(t»g(I)=O,

\it>1

=> J'(x) >0, \ix>O


\ix >

=> J (x)

ia

bam so'

d6ng bien

(1)

99

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Qlrl
f(2) = In~
Mal khac: . <0

~ f(2).j(3) ~ f(x)
Til (I)

9 /'(3) .

= In~ > 0
64 lien tuc trcn [2;3]

< 0, f(x)

=0

co it nha't mOt nghicrn suy ra phirong

(2;3)

(2)

va

(2),

trlnh

drr cho

co

mot

nghiern

duy

nhal

(2;3).
¢::>

Bai 5. (I)

log, (2X2 - X + 2m - 4m2)

= log, (X2 + mx -

2m2 )

¢::>

{Xl + tnx
X2

- 2m >

2X2 - X + 2m - 4m2 = X2 + mx - 2m2

+ //IX

2m2> 0
=0(2)

¢::> {

x2 -(IIl+I)x+217l-1Il2

Xl + IILl - 2m2> 0 { ¢::> x = 2m hay x = I Ycu

111
XI

du bai
X12 X2 { Xl 2

toan <=:> phirong trlnh (2) co 2 nghiern

= Zin;

X2

= 1-

171

thoa:

+ IIlXI + mX2

2m

>
2

0
¢::>

{4m2>
2

2m > 0

2m + 111 -I < 0

+ x/ > 1

m (511l -

2) > 0

¢::>

-I<m<-

1 2 2 5
¢::>

-I < 111 < 0

m<Ov11l>V~y, gia tri din tim u. -I < 111 < 0 hay Bai 6. Ta

-<m<5

1 2

2 5' <

I1l

I <2'

co:

1 S x s 311

¢::>

< log,

J3
¢::>

Nc'u d~l t = Jlog~


¢::>

x + 1 thl x +1s2
1s t

1 s log~ x

s 3 ¢::> I s Jlog~

s2

100

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
Xct ham so': /
/'(t) Bring bien thicn: t 1

Khi do: (*)<=>t2+t-2=2m,

tE[I;2]

(t) = t' + t -

2, t

[1;2]
E

= 2t + 1>

0, \it

[1;2]

2 +

Tir bang biGn thicn, ta

Bui 7. Ta eo: 4 (log2

Fxr

thfiy ycu cftu ella bai loan <=> 0 ~ 2m ~ 4 <=> 0 ~


-log
_I_

111 ~

2.

x + 111

= 0 <=> log~ x + log,


< log,- x < 0 => t < 0
2 -

+ III = 0

8~t 1 = log,- x . VI 0 < x <1 => Ta duoc: t2

-00

+ t + III = 0, t < 0 <=>

_t

= III

Xet ham so': /(/)

= _t2

-t,

t <0

f'(t)=-2t-l

f'(t)
Bang bien thicn:

= 0 <=> t =-_!_

Tir bdng bien thicn, La thay yeu cau bai toan

<=>

111 ~ -

Bui 8.
1. Vdi
111

= -4:

(1) <=> (X2

-1 ).lg2

(X2 + 1)+4J2(

x2 -1 ).lg( x2

+ 1) = 0

(*)

8i~u kicn: x2 -12:: 0


(*)

<=> x ~ -1 hay x 2::1 + 1)[ ~ x2 -1.1g2 (X2 + 1) +

<=> ~ x2 -1.1g2

(X2

4.J2] = 0
101

So vdi

oi0u

kien La co nghiern

cua phirong trinh:

x=

± 1.

2. f)~L t = ~2 (X2 -1 ).lg2 (X2 + 1) . Ta co: 1~ X6Lham s6:

Ixl ~ 3 <=>

-3 ~

x ~ -1
-1

hay

1~

x~3

g(x) = t = ~2(X2

, (x)=xfi [lg(X2 g ~
Bang bien thien: x
g'{x}

x2 -1

+1) 2~]
+(
x
2

).lg(x2 + 1), voi x E [-3;-:1]u[I;3]


+ 1 In 10 ) , xE[-3,-I)u(l,

..

3]

g'(x) = 0 <=> x = 0 ~ [-3;-I]U[I;3]


.
:)

g{x}
..~.,.
_/

Tu bang bien thien

La

thay: \ix E [-3; -1] u[I;3] => t E [0;4]

M~L khac: Ung voi mOL nghiern


X

[0;4] co hai nghiem phfin bict:

E [-3; -1]u[I;3].

t2 (1) <=> - - mt + m + 4 = 0 <=> 2 t -1

t2 + 8 = (t
Lh" oa

-1) 2111
' p hucng tnn h
1,-/

t' kh <=> -- + 8 = 2 m (do L = long ~ X6t ham s6: Ta co:


102

v III )

J(t) = --,

t2 + 8 t-l
2

t E [0;4] = 0 <=> t = 4 hay t = -2


(Ioai)

J'(t) =

t2 -2t-8

(t -1)

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
tsang bien ttuen:
t
f'(t) -8 t(t)
.,~

IX>

-00

Tir bang bien thicn ta tha'y yeu du bai toan

¢:::>

2m::; -8 [ 2m~8

¢:::>

[m ::;-4 , m ~4 .

Bai 9. (1) ¢:::> log, (m - x + 4) -iog7 (mx _X2)


¢:::>

=0

log,

(m - x + 4) = log,
?

(mx _X2)
{m-x+4>0 x -x+4=(x-l)m
2

m-x+4>0
¢:::>

{ m-x+4=mx-xx -x+4 -----x+ x-I x2 -x+4 x-I x -->0 x-I x2 -x+4 x-I
¢:::> 2

¢:::>

4>0
(do x

= 1 khong

thoa phuong trinh)

=m
X {

7< Ov

>1

¢:::>

=m

x· - x + 4 ---=m x-I

Xct ham so: j' () x


, A'

=x
2

-X

x-I

+ 4 vdi x < 0 h ay x > I,


; f'(t)
= 0 ¢:::> [x =-1

Ta co:

f'(x)

= x -2x~3

(x-I)
Bang bi0n thicn: x
g'(x)
-00

x=3
o

-1

'1

:3 0
.".... ,.

+ +

IX>

g(x)

<,

'.~

....

»< •.

.;y

IX>

..

'\

Tir bang bien thicn ta thty yeu du bai toan

¢:::>

-4 < m < -3 v m > 5, 103

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q'rg y
e.3. JII:f.j( so luu trong tung bai.

khi gidi dang todn Ilay

Day 13.dang toan kho, thirong la cau kho nha't trong cac M thi, ta phai v(tn
dung linh hoat cac tinh chat don dieu ella ham s6. d€ suy fa cac dicu kien

III.BAI TJ.P TTj LUytN TJ.P


Bai 1. Giai cac phuong trlnh sau:
, 5

h. 2'- -6x-:2 c. 314x-41 Bai 2.

= 16.Ji

= 81'-1 =i
2

d. 2' + 2,-1 + 2,-2 = 3' - y-I + 3,-2

Giai cac phirong trlnh sau:

a. 2x2_2x.J'

c. 5x + 5.<+1 5H2 + Bai 3.

= 3' + 3.<+3_ 3
=0

x+1

d. 5'.'1P/

= 100 = 5.6
x 2

Giai cac phirong trlnh sau:

a. 4x -10.2'-1 - 24 c. 2'--' - 22+x-x c. g.


, 2

h. 4.3x d. 252x-,

9.2'
2'

=3

+1

+ 92x-x-+1

= 34.152,-,= 62

"OS

2,

+ 4cos .v_ 2

XE

[3 . 5]
--

4' 2

f.

(4 + Jl5)' +( 4-J15r
+(8-3J7fnx

(5 - 51)' + 7 (5 + 51)' = 2<+3

h. (8+3J7f"

=16

Bai 4. Giai de phirong trlnh sau: a. 3' -4=52 h. 52,

= 3 + 2.5' + 2.3'
2x
X

d. 9' +2(x-2)3 Bai 5. Cho phirong trlnh: 4x - 4m (2x -1)


a. Giai phuong trlnh vdi m

+2x-5=0

=0

(1)

1. trlnh (1) eo nghiern

h. V oi gia tri nao ella m thl phuong

Dap s{/

a. VO nghicrn;

h. m < 0 hay m > 1.


eo nghiern.

Ba i 6. TIm m Ddp s//·


104

dE phirong trinh: 4' - 2x+1 + m = 0


1.

In ~

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
Bai 7. (*) Cho phuong trlnh: a. Giai phuong

251+2x-x'

+ »is":' = (3m + 7 ).152<-"

(l)

trlnh (1) U'ng voi m

= 9.
x
E

h. Xac dinh m 00 phirong trlnh (1) c6 nghiern Diip

[0; 2] .

s/'/- a. x = 0 hay x = 2 hay x = 1± J3


130 h. 9~m~-.
9

Bai 8.

(*) Cho phirong trlnh:

(15 + 1
=- .
4

+ a (15 -1

= 2'

1. Gi,li phirong trlnh khi a


2. Tim a 00 phuong

trinh c6 nghiern
'/5+1

duy nhar.

Ddp s{/- 1. x

= -log

r:

2;

2. a ~ 0 hay a (3

=- .
4
(1)

Bai 9.

(*) Cho plurong trlnh:


111

+ 2J2fH

+ (3 -

2J2rnx = m

1. Giai phirong trinh khi

= 6.
(- ~ ;~ ) .

2. X,lc dinh m ot; phircng trlnh (1) co dung hai nghicm trong khoang

Ddp st/- 1. x

rr ±-+krr,k

Z;

2. m >2.

, , Hal . 10. Cho phuong tnnh:

( 7 +2

315 JX + a ( 7 - 2 J' 315


. cua phirong trlnh,

=8

1. Giai phircng trinh khi a Ddp st/- 1. x

=7

2. Bien luan thco a sf{ nghiern

= 0v

= log7+3Fs
-~-2

7.

2. a > 16:

vo

nghiern;
1 nghiem. trlnh sau co nghiern:

0< a < 16: 2 nghicm;

Bai 11.
Ddp

= 0 va = 16:
= 111
4

Tim m 00 cac phuong


-

1. 9x'-2x

3(\-1)'

2. 2x .32x+m

= 1.

,w;:.

1.

111

9 2 - -;

2. m ~ log, 3. 105

1 Hili 12. Voi gia tri nao cua m thl phtrong trinh 21t-11 nhflt. Dtip st(
III

= 3m

- 2 co nghiem duy

= 1.

Jlili 13. Wi gia tri nao cua m [hi phuong trlnh nghicm phfin bict.
Dap .1'/(

G)1.'-"1 ~
=0
(1)

m' + In + 1

co

bdn

-1 < m < 0 .
-5.2~ +m

Hili 14. (*) Cho phuong trlnh: 2.4~ 1. Giai phirong trinh (1) ling vci m

= 2.
d6 phirong trinh
25
(1) e6 nghiern.

2. Xac dinh tilt d cac gia tri cua tham s6 m


Ddp

.wr

1. x

=2;
oG phirong trlnh sau
91+~

2. m ~ -

Bili 15. (*) TIm a

co nghiem
+2a+l=O.

-(a+2).31+~

Dcip st/-

4 ~ a ~-.

64
7

Hili 16. (*) Cho phircng trlnh:

(k + 1).4\ + (3k - 2) .2<+1 - 3k + 1 = 0


1. Giti i phirong trlnh khi k
2. Xac dinh tat d cac gia

= 3.
2. - < k < - . 3 2
1 1

tri cua k 06 phirong trlnh trcn e6 hai nghiem trai dau.

Dap st/·

1. x

= -1 ;

Hili 17. (*) Cho phirong trlnh: (m TIm m

+ 3).16' +(2m -1).4'


dau.

+ m + 1= 0

oG phirong trinh e6 hai nghicm trai


3 -1 <III <-4
A

Dap st/-

B" 18 (*) G"" va bif 1U~lI1 phtro triillh : 5x'+2I1n+2 ar re, rar a rcn uong Ddp st/- + 0 < III < 1: Phuong trlnh

52x'+411"+111+2

= x 2 +2

mx +

III

vo

nghicrn

+ +
+ 106

III < 0 V Ill> 111 III

1: Phuong trinh e6 2 nghicrn phan biet x trinh e6 nghiern x .trlnh e6 nghiern x

= -/11 ±.[,;t - m ,

= 0: Phuong = 1: Phuong

= -1.

= O.

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
a. log,

Hili l~. Giui cac phuong trinh sau:

(x -

3) - log 1 (x -I) = 3
2

C.

log\+3

(3 - Jx

2x + I ) = ~
b.lg4(x_I)2+lg2(x_l)3

Bai 20. Giai cac phuong trlnh sau: a. log, ( 5' -I) .log, (5<+1- 5) = I =25

c. log,.r 16 + logo 64 = 3 _.\ Bai 21. Giai cac phucng trinh sau:

d. log/ x + log., (~) = 1

a. logs

= log,

(x

+ 2)

Bai 22. Xac dinh m 1. co nghicm

ad phirong

trinh:

Ig2 (lOx) + Ig x

=m

2. co nghicm thoa man I < x < 10.


III

.~ Dap so: 1.
mli 23.
(*) 11m
I

2 --;5

2. 1<

/Jl

< 5.

cac giri tri ciia tharn s6 m 06 phuong trinh: +


IIlX

log vS+2
Ddp

(X2

111 +
1/1

I) + log vS~2
I

= 0 co 1 nghicrn duy nhfit. .

st/- 111:::: -I v

= 3-

213 .
ad
phucng trlnh:

Bai 24. (*) Xac dinh gia tri cua tham s6 m nghicm duy nha't. Dap .1'(;:. III < Ov

19 (mx)
Ig(x

+ I)

2 co

III

= 4.
ad phuong trinh: log,
(X2

Bai 25. (*) 11m tham s6 a


co nghicrn

+4ax)+log~
3

(2x-2a-I)

=0

duy nhat. _ _!_::::a:::: __ 1 va=O. 2 10 log2+J3 [X2

Dap s/):

Rai 26. (*) V di gia tri nao ciia m thl phirong trinh:

-2(m+l)x
vm = Jl7-5 2

J+log2~Jd2x+I11-2)

=0

co nghicrn

duy nhfu.

Dap s('/- --::::

2 5

III ::::2

.
107

ThuVi.·-ndieuhl.Q,rl
19( x
2

Bui 27. (*) Xac dinh cac gia tri ella k sao cho phircng trlnh:

+ 2kx ) -lg (8x - 6k ,


--::;:

3)

=0

co nghiern duy nha].

Dap

.I'/}:

I 2

::;:-v

3 22

k = 1.
trinh:

Bai 28. (*) Tim tat d cac gia tri ella moE phuong

(m-l)

log

I2
-

(x -

2) -

(m -

5) log
::;: Xl

I 2

(x -

2) + Ill-I = 0

co 2 nghiern thoa man di6u kicn 2

< XI

< 4.

Diip

.'1(/.

-3::;:

III

< 1.
(X_2)IOg,4(X-2)

Bui 29. (*) Cho phirong trlnh:


1. Giai phirong trlnh vdi

= r (X_2)3

a = 2.

2. Xac dinh a 06 phirong trinh co hai nghicm phan bict x" x2 thoa man:

Dap

.I't/- 1. x

=6v x =- ;

2. -trlnh

1 4

<a::;: O.

Hili 30. (*) Dinh a


phan bict.

phuong

2log/

-llog3

xl + a = 0

co bon nghicrn

mli 31. (*) Cho phirong trlnh: 21og2+J3 ( ~ 1. Giai phuong trinh trcn khi a 2. Djnh a Dcip

Xl

+ 1 + x) + log2_-J3 ( ~

Xl

+ I - x) = a

= 3.
x
E[

00 phuong

trlnh co nghiem

0;

J3] .
+.J 6 - x ) = logl+1II( 3 oa cho
vdi moi

.w'/- 1. x = J3 ;

2. 0::;: a ::;: . 3
- 5//Ly2

Bui 32. (*) Cho phirong trlnh: log, ( IIlX3


1. Giai phirong trlnh tren voi m

~)

= O.
tn 2: 0 .
2. x = 5.

2. Tim cac gi,i tri ella x nghiern dung phuong trinh Dcip

.I't/- 1. x = 2 v x = 5 ;

lOX

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