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B CNG THNG TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TPHCM KHOA CNG NGH IN T B MN IU KHIN T NG

TH NGHIM O LNG V IU KHIN BNG MY TNH


IU KHIN ON/OFF NG C DC S DNG PHN MM LABVIEW

GVHD: Th.S TRN VN TRINH SVTH: ng Vn Tun 07701011 Nguyn Ngoc Trung 07708361 Nguyn Tin 07703181

Lp : HT3A Kho : 2007-2011

DNG PHN MM LABVIEW IU KHIN ON/OFF NG C DC


Ni dung thc hin :
Tm hiu v cch giao tip gia vi x l v my tnh qua Labview . iu khin on/off ng c DC giao tip vi my tnh qua cng COM.

I. PHNG THC TRUYN THNG QUA CNG COM 1. Gii thiu v cng ni tip: Cng ni tip RS232 l mt giao din ph bin rng ri nht. Ngi ta cn gi cng ny l cng COM. Ging nh cng my in cng COM cng c s dng mt cch thun tin cho vic giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi. Vic truyn d liu qua cng COM c tin hnh theo cch ni tip. Ngha l cc bit d liu c truyn i ni tip nhau trn mt ng dn. Loi truyn ny c kh nng dng cho nhng ng dng c yu cu truyn khong cch ln hn, bi v cc kh nng gy nhiu l nh ng k hn khi dng mt cng song song (cng my in). Phch cm COM c tng cng 8 ng dn, cha k n ng ni t. Trn thc t c hai loi phch cm, mt loi 9 chn v mt loi 25 chn. C hai loi ny u c chung mt c im.Vic truyn d liu xy ra trn hai ng dn. Qua chn cm ra TXD my tnh gi d liu ca n n KIT Vi iu khin. Trong khi cc d liu m my tnh nhn c, li c dn n chn RXD cc tn hiu khc ng vai tr nh l tn hiu h tr khi trao i thng tin, v v th khng phi trong mi trng hp ng dng u dng ht. Bng a ch c bn v ngt ca cng ni tip: Tn a ch Ngt V tr cha a ch

COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4

3F8H 2F8H 3E8H 2E8H

4 3 4 3

0000H:0400H 0000H:0402H 0000H:0404H 0000H:0406H

Cng ni tip c s dng truyn d liu hai chiu gia my tnh v ngoi vi, c cc u im sau: Khong cch truyn xa hn truyn song song. S dy kt ni t. C th truyn khng dy dng hng ngoi. C th ghp ni vi vi iu khin hay PLC (Programmable Logic Device). Cho php ni mng. C th tho lp thit b trong lc my tnh ang lm vic. C th cung cp ngun cho cc mch in n gin

Hnh 1 - Cu trc chn ca cng Com theo chun RS 232 Cng COM c hai dng: u ni DB25 (25 chn) v u ni DB9 (9 chn) m t nh hnh sau :
D25 1 D9 Tn hiu Hng truyn M t Protected ground: ni t bo v

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 20 22 23 24

3 2 7 8 6 5 1 4 9

TxD RxD RTS CTS DSR GND DCD DTR RI DSRD TSET

DTE DCE DCE DTE DTE DCE DCE DTE DCE DTE DCE DTE DTE DCE DCE DTE DCE DTE DTE DCE

Transmitted data: d liu truyn Received data: d liu nhn Request to send: DTE yu cu truyn d liu Clear to send: DCE sn sng nhn d liu Data set ready: DCE sn sng lm vic Ground: ni t (0V) Data carier detect: DCE pht hin sng mang Data terminal ready: DTE sn sng lm vic Ring indicator: bo chung Data signal rate detector: d tc truyn Transmit Signal Element Timing: tn hiu nh thi truyn i t DTE Transmitter Signal Element Timing: tn hiu nh thi truyn t DCE truyn d liu Receiver Signal Element Timing: tn hiu nh thi truyn t DCE truyn d liu Local Loopback: kim tra cng

15

TSET

DCE DTE

17 18 21 14 16 19 13 12

RSET LL RL STxD SRxD SRTS SCTS SDSRD

DCE DTE

DCE DTE DTE DCE DCE DTE DTE DCE DCE DTE DCE DTE

Remote Loopback: To ra bi DCE khi tn hiu nhn t DCE li Secondary Transmitted Data Secondary Received Data Secondary Request To Send Secondary Clear To Send Secondary Received Line Signal Detector

9,10, 25 11

Dnh ring cho ch test Khng dng

2. Chun RS - 232 Chun RS-232 c a ra bi EIA (Electronics Industry Associations). Chun RS-232 quy nh mc logic 1 ng vi in p t -3V n -25V (mark), mc logic 0 ng vi in p t 3V n 25V (space) v c kh nng cung cp dng t 10 mA n 20 mA. Ngoi ra, tt c cc ng ra u c c tnh chng chp mch. Chun RS-232 cho php truyn tn hiu vi tc ln n 20.000 bps nhng nu cp truyn ngn c th ln n 115.200 bps. Cc c tnh k thut ca chun RS-232 nh sau: Chiu di cp cc i Tc d liu cc i in p ng ra cc i in p ng ra c ti Tr khng ti in p ng vo nhy ng vo Tr khng ng vo 15m 20 Kbps 25V 5V n 15V 3K n 7K 15V 3V 3K n 7K

Giao tip vi vi x l:
V tn hiu cng COM dng chun RS 232 nn khng tng thch vi in p TTL (mc cao l 3 5 V, mc thp l 0 0,8V) nn giao tip KIT Vi iu khin h 8051 vi my tnh qua cng COM ta phi qua mt vi mch bin i in p cho ph hp vi mc TTL, ta chn vi mch MAX232 thc hin vic chuyn i cho tng thch in p.

Hnh 2 Mch giao tip vi vi x l ` Vi mch ny nhn mc RS232 c gi ti t my tnh v bin i tn hiu ny thnh tn hiu TTL cho tng thch vi IC 8051 v n cng thc hin ngc li l bin i tn hiu TTL t Vi iu khin thnh mc +12V, -12V cho ph hp hot ng ca my tnh. Giao tip theo cch ny, khong cch t my tnh n thit b ngoi vi c th t ti trn 20 mt. Chun RS232: Mc thp (logic 0) c tr s t +3v n +25v Mc cao (logic 1) c tr s t -3v n -25v Min gia -3v n +3 v khng hp l Chun TTL: Ng vo Mc thp (logic 0) l 0v n +0.8v Mc cao (logic 1) l +2v n +5v Min gia 0.8v n +2 v khng hp l Ng ra Mc thp (logic 0) l 0v n 0.5v Mc cao (logic 1) l +2.7v n +5v

3. Giao tip gia cc thit b Cc thit b ghp ni chia thnh 2 loi: DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) v DCE (Data Communication Equipment). DCE l cc thit b trung gian nh MODEM cn DTE l cc thit b tip nhn hay truyn d liu nh my tnh, PLC, vi iu khin, Vic trao i tn hiu thng thng qua 2 chn RxD (nhn) v

TxD (truyn). Cc tn hiu cn li c chc nng h tr thit lp v iu khin qu trnh truyn, c gi l cc tn hiu bt tay (handshake). u im ca qu trnh truyn dng tn hiu bt tay l c th kim sot ng truyn. Cc phng thc kt ni gia DTE v DCE: n cng (simplex connection): d liu ch c truyn theo 1 hng. Bn song cng ( half-duplex): d liu truyn theo 2 hng, nhng mi thi im ch c truyn theo 1 hng. Song cng (full-duplex): s liu c truyn ng thi theo 2 hng. Ngoi ra truyn d liu qua Port COM cn cn nhng tham s sau: Bit m u cho mt n v d liu START Bit. STOP Bit (Bit kt thc). Parity (Kim tra chn l). Baud Rate (Tc truyn) to thnh mt Frame (Khung truyn). Port COM l mt th khi to bng BIOS thng qua chc nng 0 ca Interrupt 14, np vo thanh ghi DX1 ch s chn knh (COM1 = 0, COM2 = 1). Thanh ghi AL c np vo cc tham s ca vic truyn d liu

Khi khng truyn d liu, ng truyn s trng thi mark (in p -10V). Khi bt u truyn, DTE s a ra xung Start (space: 10V) v sau ln lt truyn t D0 n D7 v Parity, cui cng l xung Stop (mark: 10V) khi phc trng thi ng truyn. Dng tn hiu truyn m t nh sau (truyn k t A):

Hnh 3 - Tn hiu truyn ca k t A

Cc s khi kt ni dng cng ni tip:

Hnh 4 Kt ni n gin trong truyn thng ni tip gia 2 thit b Khi thc hin kt ni nh trn, qu trnh truyn phi bo m tc u pht v thu ging nhau. Khi c d liu n DTE, d liu ny s c a vo b m v to ngt. Ngoi ra, khi thc hin kt ni gia hai DTE, ta cn dng s sau:

Hnh 5 Kt ni trong truyn thng ni tip dng tn hiu bt tay Khi DTE1 cn truyn d liu th cho DTR tch cc tc ng ln DSR ca DTE2 cho bit sn sng nhn d liu v cho bit nhn c sng mang ca MODEM (o). Sau , DTE1 tch cc chn RTS tc ng n chn CTS ca DTE2 cho bit DTE1 c th nhn d liu. Khi thc hin kt ni gia DTE v DCE, do tc truyn khc nhau nn phi thc hin iu khin lu lng. Qu trinh iu khin ny c th thc hin bng phn mm hay phn cng. Qu trnh iu khin bng phn mm thc hin bng hai k t Xon v Xoff. K t Xon c DCE gi i khi rnh (c th nhn d liu). Nu DCE bn th s gi k t Xoff. Qu trnh iu khin bng phn cng dng hai chn RTS v CTS. Nu DTE mun truyn d liu th s gi RTS yu cu truyn, DCE nu c kh nng nhn d liu (ang rnh) th gi li CTS.

II. VI X L VI TRUYN THNG NI TIP 1. IC MAX 232 Vi mch MAX 232 ca hng MAXIM l mt vi mch chuyn dng trong giao din ni tip vi my tnh. Chng c nhim v chuyn i mc TTL li vo thnh mc +10V hoc 10V pha truyn v cc mc +3+15V hoc -3-15V thnh mc TTL pha nhn, Vi mch MAX 232 c hai b m v hai b nhn. ng dn iu khin li vo CTS, iu khin vic xut ra d liu cng ni tip khi cn thit, c ni vi chn 9 ca vi mch MAX 232. Cn chn RST (chn 10 ca vi mch MAX ) ni vi ng dn bt tay iu khin qu trnh nhn. Thng th cc ng dn bt tay c ni vi cng ni tip qua cc cu ni,

khi khng dng n na c th h mch cc cu ny. Cch truyn d liu n gin nht l ch dng ba ng dn TxD, RxD v GND (mass). IC max232 thng c dng trong vic kt ni thit b ngoi vi qua cng RS 232. N cho php chuyn i in p ng vo 30V (t cng Comm) thnh in p ng ra o 5V v 0V giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi. Tn hiu nhn t my vi tnh qua cng COM vi chun RS232 c IC MAX232 chuyn i sang mc TTL a vo port ni tip (chn RxD v TxD) ca vi iu khin. Ngc li, khi vi iu khin xut tn hiu qua port ni tip th cng c IC MAX232 chuyn i sang mc RS232 my tnh nhn c. Mt vi thng s ca MAX 232: Ngun cung cp: 4,5V n 5,5V 2 b chuyn i v truyn nhn Tc truyn ln n 120 kbps Mc in p ng vo 30V Dng do ngun cung cp: 8 n 10 mA

Tm nhit hot ng: t 0 n 70oC

Hnh 6 Cu trc Logic ca MAX 232

2. IC 89V51RB2
Gii hn trong mn ny chng ta ch tm hiu IC 89V51RB2 cho ng dng giao tip truyn thng ni tip.

Hnh 7 S chn ic h 8051 Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 Tn RXD TXD INTO INT1 TO T1 WR RD Chc nng Chn nhn d liu cho port ni tip Chn pht d liu cho port ni tip Ngt ngoi 0 Ngt ngoi 1 Ng vo ca timer 0 /counter 0 Ng vo ca timer 1 /counter 1 Xung ghi b nh d liu ngoi Xung c b nh d liu ngoi

Cc thanh ghi lin quan n truyn nhn d liu ni tip: Thanh ghi TMOD: L thanh ghi qui nh ch hot ng ca b nh thi , IC 89V51RB2 c 3 Timer (T0, T1, T2) dng nh thi gian hoc m xung.

M0

M1 0 0 1 1 0 ch 0 : nh thi 13bit 1 ch 1: nh thi 16 bit 0 ch 2: nh thi 8 bit t ng np li 1 ch 3: ch nh thi chia x

Thanh ghi TCON: Thanh ghi iu khin b nh thi

IT0: bit chn kiu iu khin tc ng tn hiu ngt ngoi timer 0 ( IT0 = 0: kch khi mc thp (mc 0); IT0 = 1: kch khi cnh m) ET0: c ngt ngoi timer 0 IE0=1 tn hiu ngt xut hin ti chn INT0
IT1: bit chn kiu iu khin tc ng tn hiu ngt ngoi timer 1 (IT1 = 0: kch khi mc thp (mc 0); IT1 = 1: kch khi cnh m) ET1: c ngt ngoi timer 1 IE1=1 tn hiu ngt xut hin ti chn INT1

Thanh ghi SCON : Thanh ghi iu khin ch ni tip

Thanh ghi iu khin ngt IE: EA ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0

EX0 : ngt ngoi timer0 EX1 :ngt ngoi timer1 ET0 :ngt timer0 ET1 :ngt timer1 ET2 :ngt timer2 ES : cho php ngt port ni tip EA: cho php tt c cc ngt hot ng

III.THIT K PHN CNG V GIAO DIN IU KHIN


PHNG N THIT K Yu cu thit k To c h thng iu khin tc ng khng hi tip, bao gm c phn thit k phn cng v to giao din iu khin trn my tnh. Thit k

V thit k phn cng: Bao gm mch iu khin v mch cng sut + Mch iu khin: S dng vi x l 89V51 + Mch cng sut: s dng mach iu khin dng FET v ROLE + Dng phn mm Labview giao tip v iu khin Phng php iu khin iu khin ng c DC bng cch iu bin rng xung ng c DC s dng trong dn dng thng ch hot ng in p 24V tr li. Mt trong nhng phng php iu khin m t l s dng mch iu ch rng xung (PWM circuit - Pulse Wide Modulation). Mch iu khin m t bng phng php PWM hot ng da theo nguyn tc cp ngun cho m t bng chui xung ng m vi tc nhanh. Ngun DC c chuyn i thnh tn hiu xung vung (ch gm hai mc 0 volt v xp x in p hot ng). Tn hiu xung vung ny c cp cho m t. Nu tn s chuyn mch ln m t s chy vi mt tc u n ph thuc vo m men ca trc quay. Vi phng php PWM, iu chnh tc ca m t thng qua vic iu ch rng ca xung, tc l thi gian "y xung" ("on") ca chui xung vung cp cho m t. Vic iu chnh ny s tc ng n cng sut trung bnh cp cho m t v do s thay i tc ca m t cn iu khin. Nh trn hnh, vi dy xung iu khin trn cng, xung ON c rng nh nn ng c chy chm. Nu rng xung ON cng ln (nh dy xung th 2 v th 3) ng c DC chy cng nhanh

u im:

- Transistor li ra ch c duy nht hai trng thi (ON hoc OFF) do loi b c mt mt v nng lng t nng hay nng lng r r ti li ra. - Di iu khin rng hn so vi mch iu chnh tuyn tnh. - Tc m t quay nhanh hn khi cp chui xung iu ch theo kiu PWM so vi khi cp mt in p tng ng vi in p trung bnh ca chui xung PWM. Nhc im: - Cn cc mch in t b tr - gi thnh cao - Cc xung kch ln in p cao (12 - 24V) c th gy nn ting n nu m t khng c gn cht v ting n ny s tng ln nu gp phi trng hp cng hng ca v. - Ngoi ra vic dng chui xung iu ch PWM c th lm gim tui th ca m t. S MCH PHN CNG

Ngun 5v cp cho vi x l Ngun 12v cp cho khi cng sut

Ngun 24v cp cho ng c Cch ly ngun 5v vi ngun 12v, 24v chng nhiu Cng dng tng linh kin trong mch: Opto coupler (hay cn gi l cch ly quang): L linh kin tch hp c cu to gm 1 led v 1 photo diot hay 1 photo transistor. Khi c dng nh i qua 2 u ca led trong opto lm cho led pht sng c s dng cch ly p gia hai khi vi x l v khi cng sut nhm bo v khi vi x l,ng thi trnh nhiu cho ng c. V i khi ng c chy qu dng th dng tr v ln lm cht linh kin mch cng sut, nu khng c cch ly quang th dng in ln s theo ng mch n tiu dit vi iu khin v ton b nhng linh kin khc .Ng ra ca Opto (chn 3 v 4) c dn khi ng vo (chn 1) mc 1 (tng ng in p 5V). Relay (18FF-12v): Dng o chiu quay ng c. Dng ng ngt l 12v-75mA o chiu l ph hp. Do in tr cun dy relay l 160 in p ng ngt relay l 12v v dng ti thiu ng ngt relay l 75mA. V vy dng iu khin phi c khuch i trc khi ti iu khin relay m bo dng kch relay trong trng hp c th dng transistor hoc 1 con IC. Ti s dng IC ULN2803 s dng chc nng . MOSFET IRF540: Mch cng sut s dng transistor hiu ng trng MOSFET IRF540 c kh nng cung cp dng ln ln n 5A, iu khin bng p trn ng vo G. Mch kch c la chn l y ko(PUSH PULL) cho p ng xung tt. ULN2803 gm 8 BJT ghp darlington c sn cc in tr v diode bo v, cung cp dng 500mA, in p lm vic ln n 50V. iu kin lm vic bnh thng ca ULN2803: IC =100mA, IB=250A, VCE=2V. Gi tr ca in tr cng sut trn ti ra ca mch y ko.

Cng sut tiu th trn in tr Chn in tr R = 330 , P =1 n 2 W.

IC ULN2803: Dng khuch i dng

in tr phn p cho led c tnh nh sau: Chn dng lm vic ca led l 10mA VR = Nguyn l hot ng ca mch trng thi ngng dn, khi vi iu khin xut ra mc 1 kch vo chn DK_PWM, ng ra ca opto1 khng c kch dn, dn n ti ng vo ULN 2803(chn 1) c phn cc, nn n c kch dn. ULN 2803 dn to ra s st p ng ra PWM, in p ti chn ny l mc 0. iu ny ko theo lm cho Transitor D468 ngng dn,do mc logic in p ti cc G ca FET l 0. FET khng c phn cc nn ng c ngng hot ng. in p ti chn PWM khng hon ton 0V do diot D9 l 1N4007 c mc nhm ngn khng cho D468 dn. Trong trng hp ngc li, ng ra ca vi iu khin mc 0 c kch vo chn DK_PWM, ng ra ca opto1 c dn. in p ti chn C_PWM l 0v, dn n ng ra ti chn PWM c p l 12v s qua diode n cc B ca tranzitor nghch D468 lm D468 thng khi s c 1 dng i t C xung E.tranzitor thun B562 lc ny s tt tc l k c dng i t E xung C.V vy in p 12V i n mosfet IRF540 lm mosfet ny thng.in p 24V s qua ng c DC v xung mass.-> ng c chy Khi opto2 c kch dn, ti chn C_ROLE c p 12v dn n ULN 2803 dn, s c dng ln t chn ROLE xung mass . iu ny nhm p ng dng cho Relay c th ht. Diode D5 1N4007 c tc dng dp dng ngc. Khi ng m Relay, cun ht ca relay to ra mt in p ngc v c dng xung nhn, a ngc v trasistor Q2, c th gy hng Q2 (hng kha). Do vy, tc dng ca diode l bo v kha. N s a xung nhn ny v ngun

Giao din iu khin trn my tnh Giao din iu khin c thit k kh trc quan vi ngi s dng h thng, t cc tiu chun v chnh xc, tnh thm m v d tip cn.

Giao din chnh(Front Panel)

M PHNG BNG PROTUES

CHNG TRNH IU KHIN:

;KHAIBAO BIEN $MOD51 PWM BIT SL BIT P1.0 P2.7

;XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

;KHAI BAO NGAT

ORG

00H

LJMP MAIN ORG 0023H

LJMP NGAT_NOI_TIEP

;XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

; CHUONG TRINH CHINH ORG MAIN: MOV TMOD,#00100000B MOV TH1,#0F9H 9600) SETB TR1 CLR 00H ;CHO TM1 HOAT DONG ; ;SU DUNG TIMER1 (MODE 2) ;TAO TOC DO BAUD (Fosc = 12M,BAUD 0040H

SETB SL CLR PWM ;MA KHI RESET VI DIEU KHIEN ;PORT NOI TIEP (MODE 1) ;CHO PHEP NGAT PORT NOI TIEP

MOV R7,#0FAH MOV SCON,#01010010B MOV IE,#10110000B MAIN1: CJNE R7,#0FAH,AA SJMP MAIN1 AA: CJNE R7,#0FDH,EE CLR CLR 00H PWM

;MA REET

MOV R7,#0FAH SJMP MAIN1

EE: CJNE R7,#0FBH,FF CLR SL ;MA QUAY TRAI

SJMP MAIN1 FF: CJNE R7,#0FCH,DD SETB SL SJMP MAIN1 DD: JB 00H,TTT ;NHAY NEU bit=1 ;MA QUAY PHAI

SETB 00H TTT: LCALL TAO_XUNG SJMP MAIN1 ; XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX

;CHUONG TRINH PWM

TAO_XUNG: PUSH 00H PUSH ACC

FFF: CJNE R7,#00H,CCC CLR PWM ; R7 % DO RONG XUNG

SJMP KT

CCC: CJNE R7,#100,DDD SETB PWM SJMP KT DDD: MOV A,R7 MOV R0,A SETB PWM AAA: LCALL DELAY_XUNG DJNZ R0,AAA CLR PWM

MOV A,100H CLR C

SUBB A,R7 MOV R0,A BBB: LCALL DELAY_XUNG DJNZ R0,BBB KT: POP POP RET ;************************************************************** ACC 00H

DELAY_XUNG: PUSH 00H MOV R0,#01H

DJNZ R0,$ POP RET ;XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 00H

NGAT_NOI_TIEP: PUSH ACC JB RI,THU ;KIEM TRA DA THU DU LIEU XONG CHUA

SJMP THOAT THU: MOV A,SBUF MOV R7,A CLR THOAT: POP RETI END ACC RI ;XOA CO RI, CHUAN BI THU KE TIEP ;THU VA CAT DU LIEU VAO ACC

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