Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

I HC NNG
I HC S PHM
KHOA HA -------------------------------------------------------------------

BI BO CO THC T CHUYN MN

TI TM HIU DY CHUYN SN XUT MT S HA CHT C BN CA CC TNH PHA BC NAM V SO SNH

Ging vin hng dn: Th.S Nguyn Th Hng : Th.S o Vn Dng Sinh vin thc hin Lp : Trn Th Kim Cc : 08CHP

NNG, THNG 5 NM 2011

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

A LI M U Cng nghip sn xut ha cht c bn l mt ngnh rt quan trng n nh hng trc tip n cc mt khc ca i sng v sn xut cng nghip. Mt khc nu khng c cc ha cht c bn c sn xut trong cng nghip th cng khng th no sn xut my tnh hay nhin liu v cht bi trn cho cng nghip t vv. Vic tm hiu v hot ng cng nh quy trnh sn xut cc ha cht c bn ca cc nh my hin nay l rt quan trng i vi mt sinh vin ha. V vy em xin trnh by quy trnh sn xut axit sunfuric v xt- clo ca cc nh my ha cht cc tnh pha Bc v Nam. Axit sunfuric v xt- clo l nhng sn phm ha cht c bn rt quan trng v c sn xut rng ri hin nay. B NI DUNG CHNH 1 CNG NGH SN XUT AXIT SUNFURIC

Sn phm axt sulfuric Axt sulfuric ( H2SO4 ) l mt axt v c mnh. N ha tan trong nc theo bt k t l no. Tn gi c ca n l du sulfat, c t tn bi nh gi kim th k th 8, Jabiribn Hayyan sau khi ng pht hin ra cht ny. Axt sulfuric c nhiu ng dng, v n c sn xut vi mt sn lng ln hn bt k cht ha hc no, ngoi tr nc. ng dng ch yu ca n bao gm sn xut phn bn, ch bin qung, tng hp ha hc, x l nc thi v tinh ch du m.
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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

1.1 Cng ngh sn xut axit sunfuric ca nh my Supe pht pht v Ha cht Lm Thao 1.1.1 gii thiu nha may 1.1.1.1 Lch s

Nh my Supe pht pht v Ha cht Lm Thao - Tin thn ca cng ty c phn Supe pht pht v Ha cht Lm Thao l nh my Supe pht pht Lm Thao c Chnh ph nc Vit nam Dn ch Cng ha khi cng xy dng ngy 8 thng 6 nm 1959 bn dng sng Thao trn qu hng t T (huyn Lm Thao, tnh Ph Th,). - Sau 3 nm thi cng xy dng, nh my c a vo vn hnh sn xut ngy 24 thng 6 nm 1962. - 19/8/1962 cng ty c vinh d ln lao c Bc H v thm - c ng v Nh nc 3 ln phong tng danh hiu n v Anh hng: + Anh hng Lao ng (1985) + Anh hng Lc lng v trang nhn dn (1999) + Anh hng Lao ng thi k i mi (2000)
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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

- c trao tng nhiu hun chng nh: + Hun chng H Ch Minh (2005) + Hun chng c Lp + Hun chng Lao ng + Huy chng Vng "Bn Nh nng" + Huy chng "V s nghip pht trin nng nghip Vit Nam" cng nhiu danh hiu v phn thng cao qu khc. 1.1.1.2 Cc sn phm hin nay - Supe Pht pht n (Supe Lm Thao) - Phn hn hp NPK Lm Thao - Axit sunfuric k thut (H2SO4) - Axit sunfuric tinh khuyt (P) va tinh khuyt phn tich (Pa) - Axit sunfuric dung cho cquy (H2SO4) - Natri silicoflorua (Na2SiF6) - Phen nhm sunfat - Phen kep amoni sunfat - Natri sunfat (Na2SO3) - Natri bisunfit (NaHSO3) - Natriflorua (NaF) - Natri pyrosunfit (Na2S2O5) 1.1.2 Cng ngh sn xut axit sunfuric ca nh my - Dy chuyn sn xut ca nh my s dng l phi tiu chun v nguyn liu hn hp l qung pyrit (ca cng ty Gip Lai, Vit Nam) phi trn lu hunh ha lng nhp khu - thc hin gii php ny, nh my nghin cu, lp t h thng thit b trn pyrit vi lu hunh theo nhng t l khc nhau, nhm tm ra t l u vit

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

nht; tnh ton cc thng s k thut nh lu lng kh thi vo l, chiu cao lp si hp l, nhit lp si, nng kh SO2 ra khi l, thay th xc tc - Cc cng on chnh trong dy chuyn sn xut axit : + Cng on ho lng lu hunh + Cng on t lu hunh + Cng on ni hi nhit tha + Cng on tip xc + Cng on hp th + Cng on sy 1.1.2.1 Cng on ho lng lu hunh : * M t cng ngh : - Lu hunh rn t kho theo bng ti cp vo b ho lng lu hunh 106 . - B ho lng gm 6 cm trao i nhit ng xon. Hi nc c p xut 6KT/cm2, nhit 1600C a vo cc cm 1500C trao i nhit . - Lu hunh a vo gia nhit nng chy n nhit 1400C v sang thng lng 108, 109 v thng lng cng c trang b cc cm trao i nhit, xung quanh thn thng c o hi gi nhit lu hunh lng nhit 1500C sau khi lng cn lu hunh t chy t thng 108, 109 sang thng 1400C cha 111 . - Lu hunh lng t thng 111 c 02 bm M-110A, M-110B bm lu hunh vo vi phun ca l t 201 1.1.2.2 Cng oan lo t lu huynh *M t cng ngh - Bm M-110A, M-110B bm lu hunh lng vo vi phun u l t, cng cha vi khng kh c cp vo l bng qut thi c lu lng 33.500 3 34.000 Nm / h
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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

- Du DO c cha thng 206, 2 ng c M-206A, M-206B c nhim v 0 bm du DO vo l t t nng lp gch v l t t 700 800 C, nhit ny lu hunh t chy thnh kh SO2 v pht sinh nhit 0 - Nhit hn hp kh SO2 ra khi l t c nhit 900 1025 C, hm lng SO2 t 9 10 % sang ni hi thu nhit 208 1.1.2.3 cng oan ni hi nhit tha * M t cng ngh : 0 - Nc mm a n bnh kh kh v c hm nng nhit 105 C c 0 cp vo ni hi lm ngui hn hp kh t 900 1025 C xung cn 3500C - Dung dch Na3PO4 t thng cha c bm M-215 bm vo ni hi cng vi nc mm duy tr PH trong nc cp ni hi t 9 9,5 - Hn hp kh SO2 cn c ng b xung kh ( iu khin bi ng c van MV0 202) t trong l t nng nhit hn hp kh ln 445 455 C trc khi vo thit b lc gi nng 201 ( c tc dng lc bi , cc thnh phn tp cht c hc 0 b gi li) Sau khi qua thit b lc gi nng hn hp kh c nhit 420 430 C 0 - Hi nc t ni hi c p sut 2,5 Mpa v nhit 225 C i qua b gim p v lm lnh xung cn 0,6 Mpa i vo mng chung ca nh my 1.1.2.4 Cng oan tip xuc * M t cng ngh - Hn hp kh SO2 c nng 9 10 % sau lc gi nng 201 c nhit 0 420 430 C i theo cc ng ng v cc thit b iu chnh vo lp tip xc 1 ca thp tip xc 306. Ti lp tip xc 1 kh SO2 c chuyn ho thnh SO3 , hn hp kh ra khi lp 1 t mc chuyn ho 72.0 % v nhit
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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

0 575 C c a sang trao i nhit 305 , qua b iu khin nhit TIC0 306A t nhit 470 C a vo lp tip xc 2 . - tng din tch b mt tip xc , hn hp kh SO2 - SO3 c a qua lp snh s ri a vo lp tip xc 2 . Do nhit ca phn ng lin tc, hn hp 0 kh ra khi lp tip xc 2 c nhit 535 C , mc chuyn ho 93,0% ri a 0 vo trao i nhit 305. Sau trao i nhit 305 hn hp kh c nhit 492 C c a vo lp tip xc 3 . Ti y phn ng chuyn ho tip tc t SO2 thnh SO3 .Sau lp 3 mc chuyn ho t 97,3% , nhit 4920C c a 0 i lm ngui xung cn 426 C nh trao i nhit ngoi 304 , sau cho vo 0 lp tip xc 4 . Sau khi qua lp tip xc 4 , nhit 440 C v mc chuyn ho 98,0% , hn hp kh li c a vo b trao i nhit 305 h nhit 0 xung cn 424 C v a vo lp tip xc 5 - Ra khi lp tip xc 5, hn hp kh t mc chuyn ho 99,6%, nhit 0 433 C a vo lm ngui b trao i nhit sau lp 5 ( 304 ) , ri li a qua b lm ngui SO3 v a ti thp hp th lum Ghi ch : cc h thng trao i nhit sau lp 5 (304 ) v h thng lm ngui SO3 s dng h thng qut lm ngui nh cc qut M-307 , M-308 , M-309 ht khng kh t ngoi tri vo lm mt 1.1.2.5 Cng oan hp thu * M t cng ngh 0 - Hn hp kh SO3 t thp tip xc c nhit >400 C c a vo thp lm 0 ngui h nhit xung <180 C , kh sau khi c lm ngui c a vo
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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

thp lum 254 , sau c a vo thp hp th mono 255 v i dn ln nh thp . - Axit 98,3% c cc bm y ln phn phi vo cc dn lm lnh ng chm sau c ti vo thp qua cc h thng a phn phi t nh thp xung . - Sau khi tip xc vi lp m yn nga axit c nng 98,6% hi lu v thng tun hon . Hn hp sau khi hp th c a qua thp tch mi ri i vo ng thi kh . Mc hp th sau thp mn t 99,8% - Nng axit trong thng cha c iu chnh bng lng axit sy v nc sch b xung vo , lu lng c iu chnh t ng theo tn hiu ca ng h nng CE-521 - Mc axit trong thng cha duy tr nh thit b o LT-321 iu chnh van axit mn v thng sy - Nc lm lnh ca axit ca dn lm lnh v trao i nhit c thu trong my thng qua u o PH ri thi ra mng thi 1.1.2.6 Cng on sy khng kh - Khng kh ngoi tri qua my nn khng kh c thi vo thp sy 3 c nng axit 98,3% c bm ht qua thit b lm lnh ti vo thp - Trong thp sy ra qu trnh hp th hi nc , khng kh sau thp hp th c m < 0,015 % i sang b phn l t lu hunh

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

1.2 Cng ngh sn xut axit sunfuric ca nh my hoa cht Tn Binh 1.2.1 Gii thiu nha may 1.2.1.1 Lch s

Nh my hoa cht Tn Binh - L cng ty ha cht trc thuc cng ty ha cht c bn min nam. - c xy dng v a vo s dng t nm 1972 - Nh my c t ti 46/6 Phan Huy ch, P15, Q. Tn Bnh, Tp. H Ch Minh 1.2.1.2 Cc sn phm hin nay - Nhm Hydroxyt Al(OH)3 - Axt Sunfuric H2SO4 - Phn Nhm sunfat Al2(SO4)3.nH2O - Phn Nhm Kali Sunfat Al2(SO4)3.K2SO4.24 H2O - Phn Nhm Amn Sunfat Al2(SO4)3.(NH4)2SO4.24 H2O - Natri Thiosunfat Na2S2O3.5H2O - Can nha

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

1.2.2 Cng ngh sn xut axit sunfuric ca nh my - San xut axit sunfuric t nguyn liu lu hunh theo phng php tip xc + S l nguyn liu tt nht sn xut ra kh SO2. Dy chuyn sn xut axit sunfuric i t lu hunh n gin hn i t cc ngun nguyn liu khc v nhit t chy lu hunh thp v qu trnh tinh ch kh SO2 n gin hn. S thng c khai thc t cc m + Cac bc c ban trong san xut lu huynh bng phng phap tip xuc . Trong giai on u lu hunh b t to ra ixt lu hunh. (1) S(rn) + O2(kh) SO2(kh) . Sau n b xi ha thnh trixt lu hunh bi xy vi s c mt ca cht xc tc xt vanadi (V). (2) 2SO2 + O2(kh) 2SO3(kh) (vi s c mt ca V2O5) . Cui cng trixt lu hunh c x l bng nc (trong dng 97-98% H2SO4 cha 2-3% nc) sn xut axt sulfuric 98-99% (3) SO3(kh) + H2O(lng) H2SO4(lng) Bn cnh , SO3 cng b hp th bi H2SO4 to ra lum (H2S2O7), cht ny sau b lm long to thnh axt sulfuric. (4) H2SO4(lng) + SO3 H2S2O7(lng) lum sau phn ng vi nc to H2SO4 m c. (5) H2S2O7(lng) + H2O(lng) 2 H2SO4(lng) - Cc cng on chnh trong qu trnh sn xut + Tinh ch lu huynh + t lu huynh + Oxi hoa SO2 thanh SO3 + Hp th SO3

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

1.2.2.1 Tinh ch lu huynh - Lu huynh t kho cha mang bunken c bng chuyn a n lo tai y lu huynh c nu nong chay trong 6 thung, di ay thung co cum gia nhit trong thung co 6 ng rut gia c t nong bng hi nc hoa long lu huynh. Ngoai ra con co cach khuy iu hoa nhit cua toan b lu huynh. Lu huynh c un n 150oC thi nht cua lu huynh luc nay la phu hp vn chuyn lu huynh long trong cac ng, giam c cng vn chuyn lu huynh. - Bt lu huynh c a vao lin tuc, cach khuy u. Khi b lu huynh lp y thi tran qua ng bn trn b, lu huynh long tran qua 3 b loc loc ht tap cht, sau khi tinh ch xong c bm qua cac ng ,chuyn n lo t ,cac ng chuyn vn lu huynh c bao n kin 1.2.2.2 t lu huynh - khng khi c lam sach va nen t bm cao ap b phn nen va lam sach khi ,khng khi c a qua lo gia nhit tng nhit . - Lu huynh long c bm cao ap bm vao cac ng xon theo chiu kim ng h .Khng khi t ng dn phun theo phng tip tuyn ngc vi chiu cua day lu huynh long.lu huynh long va khng khi tip xuc voi nhau tao thanh lu huynh di dang sng mu ,lu huynh chay trong lo san phm ra lo la SO 2 ,Oxi d va nit nhit cua hn hp la 1000 50oC . 1.2.2.3 Oxi hoa SO2 thanh SO3 -Hn hp khi sau khi ra khoi lo t c xung con 450oC bng cac ni m sau o khi SO2 va O2 c a vao may tip xuc Oxi hoa SO2 thanh SO3 - B phn chinh cua may tip xuc la gian xuc tac - Xuc tac c mang trn gian ng kinh 6m, cao 12,7 m. thanh phn cua xuc tac la V2O5 (7%) ,ngoai ra con co cht hoat hoa la K2O,cht mang la SiO2. Nhit lam vit cua xuc tac la 400 600 oC. ng vi thi gian tip xuc va nhit thich hp a c xac inh thi lng SO3 tao thanh se at gia tri cc ai .thit bi

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

chuyn hoa SO2 bt u 600 oC va kt thuc khoang trn 400 oC. Hn hp phan ng c a vao va ly ra lin tuc 1.2.2.4 Hp th SO3 - Kh SO3 to thnh c lm lnh n 180 oC sau c a vo hp th, SO3 t di ln, H2SO4 t trn xung theo nguyn tc ngc dng. Nng ca axit hp th vo khong 98,3 24,3% - lum to thnh c pha thnh 98%, qu trnh ny c thc hin cng on kho axit. 1.3 So snh cng ngh sn xut ca hai nh my Nh my Supe pht pht v Ha cht Lm Thao - Dy chuyn sn xut ca nh my s dng l phi tiu chun phi trn lu hunh ha lng nhp khu - C 5 cng on chnh trong dy chuyn sn xut axit : + Cng on ho lng lu hunh + Cng on t lu hunh + Cng on ni hi nhit tha + Cng on tip xc + Cng on hp th + Cng on sy C 4 cng on chnh trong qu + Tinh ch lu huynh + t lu huynh + Oxi hoa SO2 thanh SO3 + Hp th SO3 trnh sn xut - Nguyn liu hn hp l qung pyrit Nh my hoa cht Tn Binh San xut axit sunfuric theo Nguyn liu l lu hunh

phng php tip xc

2 CNG NGH SN XUT XT - CLO

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

2.1 Khi qut chung

Sn phm xt - Sn xut xt - clo l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip c ng dng cng ngh in ha ln nht trn th gii. y l qu trnh in phn dung dch nc mui thu c clo v xt. Clo c s dng trong sn xut vinyl clorua sn xut PVC; lm cht ty trng cho giy v bt giy; lm cht ty u v ngoi ra cn s dng cho cc ng dng clo ha khc na. Xt rt quan trng trong cc cng ngh v c, cng nghip giy, dt v cc ngnh cng nghip khc. Ngoi ra xt, clo cng c s dng ch yu trong cc phng th nghim. - Cc sn phm xt, clo c bt u sn xut trn quy m cng nghip t hn 100 nm nay. C ba cng ngh ch yu in phn mui n v sn xut xt clo l: cng ngh in phn bng in cc thu ngn, cng ngh in phn bng mng ngn v cng ngh in phn bng mng trao i ion. 2.2 Sn xut xt - clo ca nh my ha cht Vit Tr 2.2.1 Gii thiu nh my 2.2.1.1 Lch s

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

Nh my ha cht Vit Tr L mt thnh vin ca cng ty ha cht Vit nam c xy dng nm 1958. Vo thng4 nm 1961 th bt u hot ng n ngy 9 thng 5 nm 1961 nh my sn xut ra m xt u tin. - Thng 7-1961 a vo sn xut thuc tr su 666 - Thng 8-1961 sn xut axit HCl - Thng 12-1961 sn xut PVC Cng xut ban u khong 1000 tn NaOH/ nm - 18/3/1962 khanh thanh nha may - 1974 m rng cng xut 3 ln - 1993 m rng thay th mt thung in phn cu bng thung in phn cc titan ( 2 thung ) con lai la graplut - Nm 1995 thay the hoan toan cac thung in phn bng titan cng sut 6.000 tn /nm - Nm 2003 m rng, n 2004 u t cng xut 9000 tn /nm( co 72 thung in phn ) - Cai tao cng oan sy kh clo - u t mi cng oan san xut axit HCl lo t 3 trong 1 - Thay th cng ngh loc mui trong cng oan san xut mui 2.2.1.2 Cac san phm hin nay - Xut NaOH 30%
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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

- Axit HC 31% - Clo long 99,6 % - Javen khoang 8% clo nguyn t hu hiu - Thuy tinh long Na2SiO3 - BaCl2 - ZnCl2 2.2.2 Cng ngh san xut xut - clo cua nha may Dy chuyn sn xut xt-clo ca nh my dc tin hnh trn 2 phn xng * Xng sn sn xut xt - Cng oan loc mui: + Hoa tan va tinh ch nc mui + Loc va ra bun - Cng oan in phn: - Cng oan c c : + C c + Loc mui * Xng sn xut clo - Cng on sy kh + Sy kh clo + Lm lnh H2 - Giai on ha lng 2.2.2.1 Xng sn sn xut xt *Cng oan nc mui - Hoa tan mui: mui c a t kho vao thung hoa tan bng bng tai, thung cao 6 m ng kinh 1,4m. cht lng mui a vao ( tiu chun 2000-2003 )

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

Tn chi tiu n vi(%) Mc B NaCl 90 85 MgO 0,6 0,8 CaO 0,4 0,5 SO4 1 1,5 Tap cht khng tan 0,3 0,5 Ham lng nc 6,5 10 o - Mui ri t trn xung nc nong 60 C, dong nc t ay thung i ln, co bot khi suc kem theo. - Nc mui sau khi hoa tan cho qua b tinh ch ( dung tich 50 m3 ) bng may dn co li ngn lp tap cht bot bn ni trn nc mui. - Lng trong va ra bun, nc mui bm vao rut nc mui trong ra lin tuc t 5-6 gi - Nc trong c a vao ng tr lng loai cac cn bn - Trong ng loc gm ( co soi a, cat nm trn cung ) nc ra cha trong b 40 m3 co thit bi o trong, PH. Nc mui luc nay 40oC va bao hoa mui. * Cng oan in phn - Chi tiu nc mui vao NaCl 315 [ Ca 2+& Mg 2+] SO42PH to Ant 2Cl 2e =Cl2 Cl2 + H2 + NaOH ( in phn vi mng ngn ) HClO + HCl
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3g/l 0,25 mg/l 8g/l > 1000mm = 75 85oC

- Qua trinh in phn nh sau: Katt 2H2O + 2e = H2 + 2 OH2NaCl + 2H2O Cl2 + H2O - Co th xay ra mt s phan ng phu

Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

Cl2 + 2 NaOH

NaClO + HCl + H2O

Vi th lam giam hiu xut dong * Cng oan c c - Xut t thung in phn ra c a vao cac ct cha xut, xut c bm t di ln, gia nhit tun hoan t 40-100oC - Chi tiu ky thut + Nng xut 450 420 g/l + p xut hi nong 4-6 kg/cm2 + chn khng 550 mgHg + p sut nc + Nhit axit 3 kg/ cm2 85oC

- Xut c c c sau o tach mui trong xiclon tach bng may ly tm y, cac hat mui kt tinh lng xung a ra ngoai. * M ta b in phn - Thung in phn anot titan c san xut Trung Quc t nm 1970, co cac loai 8;10;12;25;30 m2 - i vi loai thung DSA - 8 m2 co cac loai thung chinh va kt cu nh sau: - Chi tiu: + Phu tai I =15 Ka + Mt dong in: iA = 14,5 18 A/dm2 + in th thung: U = 3,16 3.34 Vol + Hiu xut dong in = 96% - Chi cn lu y cac iu kin cng ngh thi d dang at = 9395%. Nu khng at chi tiu trn thi cn phai xem xet lai cac iu kin vn hanh. - Kt cu:

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

+ Kt cu cac tm dng cc: gm mt hang 13 tm anot.

phn

toan

= 8,32m2 . kich thc 800 x 400. ng dn in hinh tru la hp kim Cu-Ti H catot = 810mm. Trn b mt m cc phu mt lp mang ngn aming

+ Vt liu m cc: thep tm inh hinh hoc li thep an + Cac cc cach nhau 8mm + Kich thc bn ngoai cua thung in phn la: 1,67 x 1,05 x 1,97 m + Tng trong lng GW = 1,67 tn + Kt cu gm co 3 phn chu yu: (1) Np thung : Vo thep cacbon thng bn trong lot cao su, co ni dung thuy tinh hu c nhng co nhc im la ch tip giap hay bi ro khng kin
(2) Dng cc:

Vt liu titan t tm va keo thanh li. Cht lng TA1- TA2. Ct dn in lng kim Ti-Cu Cu = 29 mm. Ti = 1,0 1,5mm Rut ng dn in T1 T2 Ghep gia thanh dn in va li anot bng han im. Lp mat phu dng cc la hn hp oxyt RuO va TiO2 . Khi nung 2 oxyt trn kt hp vi nhau tao ra cac tinh th chp mi Tm lot ay dng cc la titan = 1,2 1,5 mm Tm la thep thng tai trong = 20 mm Ni vi ay dng cc la tm ng T1 T2 ay thung va toan b thung la hai tm thep ch U (3) m cc: Hai u la thep vung, ni gia hai thanh thep vung la cac tm ban, hai bn la cac thanh thep tron. Cu tao nh vy giup H2 sinh ra d thoat ra khoi tui katot theo cac hng 2.2.2.2 Xng sn xut clo
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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

* Cng on sy kh - Clo sn xut ra trong qu trnh in phn dung dch NaCl c lm lnh trc tip bng khng kh. Kh clo c sy bng axit trong thp in, axit phun t trn xung di dng sng m. Nng axit vo khong 93% sau khi hp th nc th thoatsra ngoi nng cn khong 80 - 85% - Ch tiu clo trc v sau khi ly Ch tiu Trc tinh khuyt 90%V m 904%V H2 98 0,2 kg/ cm2 H2/Cl2 0,08% Cl2 lng - Kh c lm lnh n nhit phng, ngng t ng bnh hoc sn xut HCl * Cng on ha lng clo - Clo sau khi sy c a vo thng ha lng cha CaCl 2 trong cc gin xon ( c 10 gin xon ) CaCl2 trao i nhit gin tip vi clo, cht lm lnh l NH3 lng, clo sau khi ha lng c a i ng bnh hoc sn xut HCl - Phn clo khng ha lng ( clo ph ) cha nhiu nc th c dn i sn xut nc Javen 2.2.3 Xu hng thay i cng ngh sn xut xt clo ca nh my Ho cht Vit Tr - Cng ty c phn Ho cht Vit Tr mi khi cng cng trnh ci to nng cp dy chuyn sn xut xt theo cng ngh Menbrane cng sut 10.000 tn/nm. - Dy chuyn sn xut xt theo cng ngh Menbrane l cng ngh sn xut xt tin tin hng u ca Nht Bn ang c nhiu nc trn th gii p dng v em li hiu qu cao - Cng ngh ny sn xut ra xt 30% ngay m khng cn phi qua cng on c c nh hin ti
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Sau 60-80%V < 0,04% 3,5%V 99,5% hi nc sau i vo thp

Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

- Hu ht cc cng on sn xut ca dy chuyn sn xut u c iu khin t ng, c chnh xc cao - Tng gi tr u t cng trnh l 118 t ng, d kin sau mt nm thi cng cng trnh s hon thnh i vo hot ng v s thu ht thm khong 70 lao ng. 2.3 Sn xut xt ca nh my ha cht Bin Ha 2.3.1 Gii thiu nh my 2.3.1.1 Lch s

Nh my ha cht Bin Ha - Nh My Ha Cht Bin Ha trc thuc Cng Ty Ha Cht C Bn Min Nam tin thn l nh my ho cht VICACO - T khi xy dng cho n nay Nh my lun ch trng vic thay i cng ngh to ra sn phm c cht lng cao, chi ph sn xut thp - Nh my p dng h thng ISO 9001:2000; ISO 17025: 2005, ISO14001:2004 v ISO18001:1999 trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh nhm cung cp n khch hng sn phm v dch v c cht lng tt nht. 2.3.1.2 Cc sn phm hin nay - Xt : NaOH - Axt Clohydric : HCL - Clo lng - Silicate natri : Na2O.n SiO2 - Mt s sn phm khc.
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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

2.3.2 Cng ngh san xut xut - clo cua nha may 2.3.2.1 Gii thiu chung - Trc khi gii phng min Nam nh my sn xut xt-clo bng cng ngh mng cch dng loi thng VORCE, cng sut 3000 tn NaOH (100%)/nm. - Thng 12/1986 Nh my Ho cht Bin Ho ci to m rng dy chuyn sn xut xt-clo lp t 68 thng in phn HOOKER thay cho thng VORCE, nng cng sut ln 4.300 tn NaOH/nm, nhng vn s dng cng ngh in phn mng cch. - Thng 11/1996 nh my u t chiu su, i mi cng ngh vi phng thp in phn mng trao i ion, s dng 2 thng in phn 36 350-13100A, vi cng sut 10.000 tn NaOH/nm. 2.3.2.2 S bnh in phn

- Cu to gn, chim t din tch mt bng. - Trong qu trnh lm vic khong khng gian gia cc in cc lun cha y cht lng nn trnh c tnh trng cn nc mui, do khng xy ra s c r r kh clo gy nhim mi trng ti ni sn xut

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

- bn ca thng in phn vi mng trao i ion cao do tn thi gian sa cha v gim c thit hi do phi ngng my sa cha + Lp ph ant, catt: 6 nm + Mng bn thm: 3 nm 2.3.2.3 S cng ngh dy chuyn in phn

- Mng trao i ion ngoi tnh nng ngn cch cc sn phm in phn cn c c im vn chuyn chn lc, do cht lng sn phm c nng cao r rt - H thng cho php ngng my n gin, an ton, v khi ng nhanh chng, d dng tin ti trng thi n nh - nh mc tiu hao nguyn vt liu gim ng k nh mc tiu hao cc vt Thng in phn mng trao i t chnh ion NaCl 93% (T/T sn phm) 1,560 in xoay chiu kwh/T sn 2.300 - 2.400 phm
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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

Du FO (lt/T sn phm) khng dng - Qa trnh in phn sn xut xt clo khng cn n giai on c c. - Hm lng tp cht trong sn phm xt theo cng ngh mng trao i ion ca nh my thng rt thp nh sau Tp cht NaCl Hm lng (thng thng) di 30 ppm Hm lng (ti a) 75 ppm 5 ppm 0,05% (trng lng) 20 ppm

NaClO3 di 3 ppm Na2CO3 0,03% (trng lng) Na2SO4 15 ppm

2.4 So snh cng ngh sn xut ca hai nh my Nh my ha cht Vit Tr Nh my ha cht Bin Ha - X dng cng ngh in phn c - p dng cng ngh in phn ch mi p dng cng ngh mng trao i ion t nm 1996 - Cng ngh in phn b qua giai - Hm lng tp cht trong sn phm Menbrane c c xt xt ca nh my cn cao

- Cng ngh in phn c cng on on c c xt - Hm lng tp cht trong sn phm xt ca nh my thng rt thp

C KT LUN Sau khi tim hiu v dy chuyn san xut cac hoa cht c ban cua cac nha may trong nc, em a thu thp thm c nhiu kin thc v quy m cung nh hoat ng san xut cua cac nha may. y la nhng kin thc rt b ich cho em trong vic hoc cung nh i sng.

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Bi bo co thc t chuyn mn

SVTH: Trn Th Kim Cc

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