CNG NGH SN XUT MC NH (NM MO)

Nhm thc hin

Nguyn Th Trang Nh Nguyn Ph Hip Lu Th Khnh Hng Hunh Vit Lc Nguyn Ngc Li Phan Hu Li Phm Th Ngc Nga L Th Hin Chu Quang Tn

NI DUNG CHNH
I- Gii thiu chung v nm n Li ch ca vic trng nm II- c im ca mc nh III- Meo nm IV- K thut trng mc nh Trn thn cy Trn mn ca Thu hi V- Bo qun Ti liu tham kho

I- Gii thiu chung v nm n

Ngnh sn xut nm n c t lu i. Nm c xp thnh 1 gii ring. Gii nm c nhiu loi, rt a dng.

 Gm nhiu loi : nm rm, nm s, nm m, mc nh, nm hng... L mt ngun thc phm qu : C nhiu c tnh bit dc: Rau sch - Tht sch

Li ch ca vic trng nm
Hiu qu kinh t cao; Gi bn xut khu cao. Nm c chu k nui trng ngn Nguyn liu r. Trng nm b sung khu phn n, nng cao sc khe; to cng vic v tng thu nhp.

II) c im ca mc nh
Nm mo hay mc nh en (danh php khoa hc: Auricularia auricula-judae (ng ngha Auricularia auricula, Hirneola auricula-judae

II.1) Phn loi khoa hc

Gii (regnum) : Ngnh (divisio) : Lp (class) : B (ordo) : H (familia) : Chi (genus) : Loi (species) : Fungi Basidiomycota Agaricomycetes Auriculariales Auricularaceae Auricularia A. auricula-judae

II.2 Hnh thi

Hnh dng: ta tai ngi, mu nu sm n en, mc trn cc thn cy mc. Kt cu: ta cao su, tng i cng v gin.

II.3) c im sinh l ca nm mo
Nhit :
Thch hp :28 32 0 C, > 35 0 C v < 15 0C : km pht trin v nng sut thp

m :
Trong cht trng nm mo :60 65%. Trong khng kh : 90 95%.

Hnh thc dinh dng : d dng v hp thu Sinh sn hu tnh bng bo t.

II.4 Gi tr ca mc nh
Dinh dng Dc liu

A- Gi tr dinh dng
100g mc nh cha: 10,6 g protid; 0,2g lipid; 65,5g glucid; 201mg calci; 185mg phospho; 185mg st; 10,03mg carotene; 0,15mgvit B1; 0,55mgvit B2; 2,7mgvit PP
Trong glucid ch yu l mannose, polymannose, glucose, xylose, pentose... Hm lng cht bo tuy khng cao nhng phong ph, c lecithin, cephalin v sphingomyelin. Cha rt nhiu loi sterol nh ergosterol v 22, 23 dihydroergosterol.

Cht st cao hn c rau cn v gan heo.

B- Gi tr dc liu
- Cellulose 8% chng s trm tch ca mui trong mt v gim hm lng cholesterol trong mu phng c bnh si thn v huyt p cao, gip ch cho ngi bnh tim mch. - Loi tr cc cht c hi trong ng rut, lm sch ng tiu ha. - Dng trong k ngh dc phm nh cht khng sinh :Penicilline, Streptomycine - ngn nga bnh ung th v ph n v ung th tuyn tin lit nam gii.

IV- K thut trng mc nh

1- Meo ging 2- K thut trng nm

IV.1- Meo ging:

Thnh phn khng th thiu to ra cc loi nm khc nhau. Quy nh cht lng ca nm. Nguyn liu to ra meo nm: rm, r, bt bp, ng ma, Agaz, la,

Meo ging

Quy trnh Chn tai nm ging tt, khng b bnh, khng non qu, gi qu. Ty trng mt ngoi tai nm. Gt b phn rm r, mn ca Lau qua bng Alcol hoc dung dch HgCl2 0,2% Ra li bng nc ct. Ch tai nm , ct thnh ming nh Cy vo trong hp lng ( pha ch: bt bp 40g, ng ma 20g, Agaz 20g, nc 20g)

 Khi t nm mc lan ra khp mt hp ta chn t nm thc th (khng ln t nm tp) em cy truyn sang ng nghim. T ng nghim meo ging cp 1 cy chuyn (trong t cy v trng ) sang cc chai c cha thn cy sn ( c hp v trng) meo ging cp 2. 1 ng nghim c th nhn ln vi chc chai meo ging cp 2.

Thn cy sn :S dng nhn ging meo nm mc nh Ch nh (lm 4 hay lm 6) Di 10 - 15 cm (ty theo chai cy cao hay thp). Lt v (b i rut trong thn sn) Phi kh Xp cht vo chai - y nt bng li Hp v trng.

Cch nhn v sn xut meo ging

IV.2- K thut trng mc nh

Nguyn liu
Rm r Bng ph thi Mn ca Thn cy g Cc loi ph gia (phn v c, hu c)

A- Trng mc nh trn thn cy

Chn cy 1 Cy meo ging 2

nui t 3

Ti ra qu th

Nm

Chn cy

Cy l rng, nn t hay h cy lc cy cn nhiu cht dinh dng, khng thn cy b d, tp nhim, xay xc ...

Cy meo ging nm

Meo s dng ng tui, mc u, mu trng c, khng chy nc, khng mu vng c m ...

 nui t

t 3-4 tun, nhit 28-33C, m xung quanh tt

Ti ra qu th

Nhit 25-32C, m 80-95%, nh sng khuch tn va phi, thong va phi, trnh gi la.

B- Trng nm trn mn ca
- Mn ca mm, khng c tinh du, phi kh, tn tr. - Phi trn nguyn liu: c nhiu cng thc. Cng thc: Mn ca kh 100kg Vi t 2kg Ure 0.25kg ng ma 0.5kg Supe ln 0.5kg CaCO3 0.5kg

- Ha tan vi t vo nc, ti mn ca t m 65-70%. Rc m ure, che ph nilon v . - Cch 10 ngy o trn 1 ln, b sung dn cc cht. 1 s ni phi trn ph gia: cm go, cm ng (0.3-0.5%); m ure hay m sunphat amon (0.5-1%). - ng bch nilon chu nhit. Dng di chc l gia. y nt. - Hp kh trng.

ng bch

Hp kh trng

Cy ging: Phng cy ging che kn, kh trng sch s. Cy ging t l 1.2% Cy ging vo bch c 2 cch:

Cch th nht: Nu s dng ging trn ht (nh ht la) dng que st khu ht ging t l thy tinh hoc ti nilon sang bch mt ca v lc u trn b mt ti. Cch th hai: Nu ging cy lm trn que g (thn cy khoai m) dng panh v trng kp nh tng que ging chuyn sang cc l di trc trong bch mt ca (mt bch mt ca cy mt que ging).

Cy meo ging

 Chuyn sang nh m: - Nh m thong kh, nh sng va phi, kh trng sch s. - Nhit phng thch hp l 25 30oC - Xp cc ti nm ln gin nhiu tng. - Theo di k trong 7-10 ngy, loi b ti nm b nhim. - Sau 25-30 ngy, si nm lan trng kn ti.

 a ra nh trng nm: - Thong kh, nn nh thot nc tt, kh trng. - Chun b dn tre, dy nilon treo nhiu ti nm, ming ti hng xung. - Rch ti nm: so le, ng rch 2-4cm, cch khong 7cm. - Ti phun to m khng kh 80 90% (khng ti t trc tip vo ti nm)

C- Thu hi
Cc n nm ln dn c hnh chn, mp trn cng thng. Nm tip tc pht trin chn nm tr dp, mp nm chuyn sang mng v nhn ln sng. => Lc ny hi c.

Qu trnh thu hi nm mo t u ko di hn na thng, 3ngy/ln. t sau ko di ngy hn Hi xong t 1 ngng ti 24-48 gi nui t nm to ra cc n nm mi ri ti. Ra bng nc mui 2%, sau ra bng nc lnh. C mt kinh nghim dn gian l mun cnh mc
nh c mu nu hng th sau khi ra sch, ngm chng vo chu nc vi mt t mnh v qut, v cam. Ngm mt m. Hm sau vt ra, phi kh.

Thu hoch nm

Nng sut
- i vi mc nh: Nu lm trn mn ca th trung bnh c 1000 bch cho nng sut 80kg mc nh kh. Nu lm trn thn cy g th trung bnh 1m3 g cho nng sut 20-25kg mc nh kh.

V-Bo qun nm
1- Bin i ca nm sau thu hoch 2-Bo qun

S bin i ca nm sau thu hoch

Nhit bnh thng: Thi gian bo qun ngn Mt nc: Nm (85%-95% :nc) mt do h hp v bc hi rt nhanh Nht l nm nhit i Thi nhn: Nhim vi sinh (nhim trng hoc b mc). phm cht gim. t c a chung.

 Sau 4 ngy bo qun: - Lng ng a: >10% gim 5% - Chitin vch t bo: tng ln 50% tai nm dai, chc hn - Cht bo bin i: acid bo khng no b oxy ha tr mi, thm ch gy c.

Thng tin?
Mc nh ti c c t porphyrin lm cho da b nga v nim mc ming b phng rp. Trong qu trnh phi nng c t porphyrin b phn gii. Mc nh kh em ngm nc, c t nu cn li s tan vo nc. Ch nn n mc nh sau khi phi kh.

Quy trnh sy nm mc nh
1.Chun b:
a. L sy : - Dng th cng: (cc h sn xut nh) - Dng cng nghip: (cc trang tri) - Yu cu k thut: sy gin tip (sy trc tip lm cho nm b hi, chy, cht lng gim) b. Gin phi sy: - Bng tre an hoc bng li st khng g

2.Cc bc tin hnh: a.Lm ro nc b.Sy nm: - Lc u: nm cn nhiu nc sy 50oC (c qut lu thng) - Khi nm c du hiu kh gin ta tng nhit sy (60-70C)

Lu : Khng nn nng nhit ln cao (Khi nm cn nhiu nc) trnh lm chy nm d chuyn sang mu thm. Khng nn a nm gi vo sy (cht lng khng bo m) Thi gian sy: 8-12 gi. Trnh olm gy vn nm. Nu sy nhiu ta c th dn khay cng loi cho tip vo sy nhng lu cc khay kh di hay t trn.

3.Bo qun: Dng c bo qun: Ti nilon hai lp - Mt bao :10 kg nm kh - Khu bo qun, sch s ,c gi k, kh ro -Thng xuyn kim tra, xng lu hunh nh k hng thng - Nu nm m phi sy li v thay i ti nilon.

Phi nm
u im : tn km, khng i hi k thut cao. D thc hin. Nhc im : Thi gian bo qun khng c lu. Tn nhiu thi gian phi. Ch thc hin c khi tri nng ro, v vo ma kh

Sn phm

Ti liu tham kho

Bi ging nm n v vi nm Ths. L Thy Trm, DH Nng Nui trng v s dng nm n, nm dc liu. PGS TS Nguyn Hu ng NXB Ngh An Cng ngh nui trng nm- GS TS Nguyn Ln DngNXB Nng Nghip Giadinh.net.vn Dalat.gov.vn Suckhoe360.com Longdinh.com Khoahocphothong.com.vn Agriviet.com