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1.1
Gii: =
9810
=
= 1000kg / m3
g 9.81
g 0.00588 9.81
=
=
= 0.064 104 (m2 / s)
8829
du
1
= 4.
dn
s
1.4
du
= 6.77 *102 * 4 = 0.27( N / m2 )
dn
1.5
tng p sut ln dp= 5.106 Pa (b qua s bin dng ca ng). Cho bit h s nn th tch
w =
1
Pa 1
2.109
d2
3,14*0,52 3
l=
10 = 196, 2m3
4
4
1
196, 2*106 = 0, 4905m3
9
2*10
1.6
nc vi dung tch W=1000 cm3, cn ngn di cha y thy ngn. Khi h my xung bin, do p
sut tng ln, nc bin ( = 104 N / m3 ) s b y qua ng a i vo ngn di v p mt phn thy
ngn i ln ngn trn qua l b.
Xc nh chiu su h ca nc bin nu sau khi h thit b xung n y bin, khi lng thy
ngn b y ln ngn trn l 350 g. Thy ngn coi nh khng nn
c ( w 0 ), h s th tch ca nc w =5*10-10 Pa-1; trng lng
4
th tch ca thy ngn 1 = 13, 6*10 N/m3. Cho bit qui lut phn
b p sut ca nc bin l p= h
Gii: Th tch thy ngn b y ln ngn trn :
dW =
dM dM * g
0,35*10
=
=
= 0, 257 *104 (m 3 )
4
1
1
13, 6*10
w =
1 dW
1 dW
=
W dp
W h
1
(0.257 *104 )
h= 4
= 5140m
10 *5*1010
103
Chng II: Thy tnh hc
2.1: Xc nh p sut d ti im A ca ng dn nu
chiu cao ct thy ngn h2=25cm, tm ng dn t di
ng phn gii gia nc v thy ngn h1=h=40cm.
Gii: p sut d ti im A: pA=pB+ H 2O h1 m pB= Hg h2
nn
pA= Hg h2 + H 2O h1 .
3
3
Thay cc tr s Hg = 133416 N / m v H 2O = 9810 N / m
2.2: Tm chnh mc nc trong ng o p v mc nc trong bnh kn, bit p sut tuyt i trn mt
thong trong bnh l p1=1,06 at
Gii: iu kin cn bng ti im A
p sut ti im A: pA=p1+ H 2O h1 m pA=pa+ H 2O h1 + k h
Cn
bng
hai
gin
ta
c:
p1=pa+ k h
=>
p1 pa 1.06 1
=
= 60cm
k
0.001
h=
pha
tri:
P1=pc =
H 1 H1
gH12b
= 86.7 kN
b
=
2 sin 2sin
T pha phi: P2 =
gH 22b
=31.25 kN
2sin
H3
2 H1
+
= 3.77 m
sin 3sin
z2 =
H1 + H 3 H 2
2H 2
+
= 4.23m
sin
3sin
Ly momen ca cc lc i vi im O:
MO = -P1z1+P2z2+Tz3= 0
V =450 nn z3 = H1+H3
Do : T =
P1 z1 P2 z z
= 55.62kN
z3
H + (H d )
d b = 397.30kN
2
1 d2
Pd = W = b
= 173.27 kN
2
4
P= Png2 + Pd2 = 433.44kN
2.7: Xc nh p lc nc ln ca van hnh cung trn AB, bn knh R=1,5m, rng b=8m (vung gc vi
mt hnh), ng sinh nm ngang. Trc quay O nm ngang vi mc nc thng lu v gc tm
=600.
H
1.32
bH = 9810*
8 = 66.3*103 N
2
2
3.14(1.5)2 1
R 2 600 1
0
HR
cos
60
)
b
=
*1.3*1.5*0.5 *8 = 5.545m3
0
360
2
6
2
Vy Pz =9810*5.545=54.5*103 N
P=85.7*103N
Pz
= 0.818 )
Px
uu
r
im t D ca Px l giao im ca ng tc dng ca n vi mt cong.
Chng III: ng lc hc cht lng.
Bi 3.1: Tm phng trnh ng dng v qu o ca cc phn t ct lng. nu bit cc thnh phn vn
tc ca n:
vx = a
vy = b
vz = 0
Gii:
dx dy
=
a
b
b
x+C
a
dx dy dz
=
=
= dt v tm c qu o trng vi ng dng v l mt
vx v y vz
b
x+C
a
3.2: Xc nh chuyn ng sau y ca cht lng l c th hay xoy, nu cho bit cc thnh phn vn
tc ca cc phn t cht lng chuyn ng dng:
vx = 2 xy
v y = 2 yz
vz = 2 zx
) = (0 2 y ) = y
2 y z
2
1 v v
1
= ( x z ) = (0 2 z ) = z
2 z x
2
1 v v
1
= ( y x ) = (0 2 x ) = x
2 x y
2
=
= 2x + 2y + 2z = x2 + y2 + z2
1 r
rotv = 0 ?
2
2)
3
uy = x
2
u x = xy 2
u y = x2 y
Bi gii:
s u u
divu = x + y = 0 + 0 = 0
x
y
rr u u r
1) uuu
3 r 5r
rotu = ( x y )k = (1 + )k = k 0
y
x
2
2
Vy y l chuyn ng n nh, 2 chiu, quay ca cht lng khng nn c.
s u u y
= y 2 + x2 0
2) divu = x +
x
y
Vy nu l cht lng khng nn c, chuyn ng s khng tn ti.
s
3.4: Chuyn ng ca cht lng c xc nh bi cc thnh phn hnh chiu ca vecto u trn cc trc
x, y v z nh sau:
u x = 2axy
ay 2
uy =
2
u z = ayz
a) Bng phng php gii tch, chng minh rng tn ti chuyn ng .
b) Chng minh rng chuyn ng trn khng phi l chuyn ng th ( chuyn ng khng quay)
c) Khi a=1, tnh cc thnh phn ca vecto xoy ti im (2,1,1)
d) Mt cch tng qut, chuyn ng trn l c quay nhng vn c nhng im m ti chuyn
ng l khng quay, tm phn trnh ta cc im .
s
Gii: Chng minh u biu th vn tc ca mt dng chy:
s
s
u c th l vecto vn tc, u phi tha mn phng trnh lin tc:
u x u y u z
+
+
=0
x
y
z
s
o hm cc thnh phn ca u
u y
u x
u z
=2ay;
=-ay;
=-ay
x
y
z
Theo nh ngha chuyn ng l c th khi c vecto xoy =0. Vy chng minh chuyn ng
trn khng phi l chuyn ng th, ta ch cn xt cc thnh phn ca vecto vn tc xoy.
Cc thnh phn ca vecto xoy c tnh nh sau:
1 u u
az 0 az
x = ( z y ) =
=
2 y
z
2
2
1 u u
y = ( x z ) = 0
2 z
x
1 u u
z = ( y x ) = ax
2 x
y
x =
(2,1,1)
z
2
-1/2
y =0
z =-x
-2
M = 2x + 2y + 2z =0
Thay vo cc thnh phn: x =
z
; =0; z =-x, ta nhn c
2 y
2
= z + 0 + x 2 =0
4
Phng trnh ch tha mn khi ng thi x=0 v y=0, vy tp hp cc im thuc mt phng xOz s
c chuyn ng khng quay.
3.5 Cho mt dng chy phng c cc thnh phn vn tc l :
u x = a.by
u y = bx.at
a, b l hng s; t l thi gian.
1. Tm phng trnh h ng dng. Xc nh ng dng i qua im A(1,1) lc t=1 v v ng
dng vi a=2, b=1
Gii:
Phng trnh h ng dng: (bx-at)dx=(a-by)dy; x2+y2-2a(tx-y)/b=C (1)
Bin i c: (x-at/b)2 + (y-a/b)2 = C + (a/b)2 + (at/b)2 (2)
Vy ng trn, hnh nh tc thi ti thi im t l h ng trn; tm ti (at/b; a/b) ; c bn knh
ty thuc vo hng s C
R=[C+(a/b)2 + (at/b)2 ]1/2
Thay s vo ta c ng dng c th;
t x=1; y=1; t=1; a=2; b=1; vo (1) ta c C=-6
Thay C=-6 vo (2) ta c.
(x-2)2 + (y-2)2 =( 2 )2
r
3.6 : Trng Euler cc vn tc ca mt dng chy hai chiu c xc nh bi: v( kx, ky, 0) trong ta
Descartes.
1. Hy tm cc c trng cho dng chy. C tn ti mt th vn tc khng?
i vi dng chy ny, hy xc nh:
a) Phng trnh cc ng dng
b) Phng trnh cc qu o. Bnh gii
2. Tnh gia tc ca mt ht cht lng.
3. Hy biu din s bin i ca mt hnh vung cht lng cnh a gia cc thi im t v t+dt. Bnh
gii.
Gii: 1) Dng chy l dng, v trng cc vn tc khng ph thuc r rng vo thi gian
r
Dng chy c th nn c, v div v =2k khc khng.
uuu
r r r
1
= v y = ky ngha l : = k ( x 2 + y 2 ) + cte
= vx = k x v
y
x
2
dx dy
=
, do
kx ky
kX v
b) Ta thu c cc qu o R (t ) = ( X (t ), Y (t )) bng cc tch phn cc phng trnh sau:
dt
dy
kY . Qu o ca mt ht bt u t im M0(X0,Y0) lc t=0 nh vy l:
dt
X(t) = X0ekt v Y(t)=Y0ekt. Nu kh t gia hai biu thc trn ta c: X(t)=
X0
Y (t ) ngha l ta li
Y0
d 2x
d2Y
2
kt
2
=
k
X
e
=
k
X
(
t
);
a
=
= k 2 Y0 e kt = k2 Y (t )
0
y
2
2
dt
dt