Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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LI NI U
N TT NGHIP
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NGUYN TH H THU
N TT NGHIP
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Chng 1
CC PHNG PHP
KHI NG NG C KHNG NG B
s% =
NGUYN TH H THU
n1 n
.100%
n1
3
(1.1)
Thit b in- in t 3 k49
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N TT NGHIP
0 = E 2 + I 2 Z2
E
E
=
2
1
I 1 + I 2 = I 0
E 1 = I 0 Z m
(1.2)
U = E + I (r + j.x )
1
1 1
1
1
2 2 + j.x 2
0
E
I
=
2
s
E
E
=
2
1
I
I
I
+
=
1
2
0
E 1 = I 0 Z m
(1.3)
Trong :
U1
: in p t vo stato ng c.
I1 , E 1
I 2 , E 2
I0
NGUYN TH H THU
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N TT NGHIP
: H s trt ca ng c
- Mmem in t ca my in khng ng b
Pdt
m1 .U12 .p.r2, / s
M=
=
1 2f1 (r1 + C1r2, / s )2 + (x 1 + C1 x ,2 )2
(1.4)
Trong :
C1 = 1 +
Z1
2f1
v 1 =
Zm
p
f1, p : Tn s ca li in v s i cc ca ng c.
I
I1
I 2
I1
I 2
M=f(s)
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N TT NGHIP
M MC = MJ = J
d
dt
(1.5)
Trong :
M, Mc v Mj l mmem in t ca ng c, mmen cn v mmen
qun tnh.
GD 2
l hng s qun tnh.
J=
4g
g = 9,81 m/s2 l gia tc trng trng.
G v D l trng lng v ng knh rotor.
l tc gc ca rotor.
d
> 0 hay
dt
(r
U1
) + (x
, 2
1 2
+ C .r
+ C1 .x
(1.6)
, 2
2
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N TT NGHIP
UL
ATM
- Nu ngun in tng i ln th c
RLN
m my nhanh v n gin.
Nhc im:
NGUYN TH H THU
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N TT NGHIP
- Dng in m my tng i ln.
U1
U1 > U2
U 2 > U3
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
S ni dy nh hnh 4. Khi m my
UL
ATM
K1
Cun
khng
U k
I k
RLN
din p m my trn u cc ng c UK s
nh hn in p li. Gi dng in m my
NGUYN TH H THU
Hnh 4: H in p m my bng
Thit b incun in
khngt 3 k49
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N TT NGHIP
Dng in m my cn li l
in p u cc ng c in l : UK = k.UK
: MK = k2.MK
Mmen m my l
Trong : k < 1.
u im:
- Thit b khi ng n gin
p.
Nhc im:
- Khi gim dng in khi ng xung th mmen m my gim i
S ni dy nh hnh 5. Bn cao p ni vi
UL
ATM
I1
- in p u cc ng c : U k = kT.U1
- Dng in m my
- Mmen m my
I k
: I K = kT.IK
K2
2
T
: M K = k .MK
K1
RLN
U k
Nu gi dng in ly t li vo l I1 (dng
in bn s cp my bin p t ngu) th dng in
Hnh 5: H p m my bng
bin p t ngu
I1 = kT.IK = k T2 .IK
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N TT NGHIP
u im:
- Dng in m my c th iu chnh c cho ph hp vi yu
cu.
- Vi dng in m my bng dng in m my ca phng php
Nhc im;
- Mmen m my gim
- Phi u t thm mt my bin p t ngu
3. M my bng phng php i ni Y -
UL
ATM
RLN
K
nh vy my u Y. Khi my chy ri th
ng tip im K, my u
KY
u Y th ta c:
1
U1
3
1
I kf
3
NGUYN TH H THU
10
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N TT NGHIP
1
: M 'k = M k
3
- Mmen khi m my l
1
1
I kf = I k
3
3
1
- Mmen khi m my l: M 'k = M k
3
Trng hp ny tng t nh dng mt my bin p t ngu m my
m t s bin i in p kT =
1
.
3
u im:
- Phng php ny n gin, c p dng rng ri vi nhng ng
c in khi lm vic u tam gic.
- Phng php ny dng cho ng c h p.
Nhc im:
- Khng dng cho ng c Y/ = 220/380.
- Khng iu chnh c dng in khi ng theo yu cu.
4. M my dng b khi ng mm (b iu p xoay chiu)
Thyristor
RLN
UL
ATM
NGUYN TH H THU
11
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N TT NGHIP
u im:
- Phng php m my dng bin tn c th gim dng khi ng
Nhc im:
- S dng nhiu thyristor khin mch iu khin phc tp v t.
1.4.3. M my bng cch thm in tr ph vo rotor
U
M
AT
RL
K1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
R
K2
R
K3
khi thm in tr vo
R
K4
NGUYN TH H THU
12
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N TT NGHIP
NGUYN TH H THU
13
N TT NGHIP
Chng 2
B IU P XOAY CHIU
B iu chnh in p xoay chiu gi tt l iu p xoay chiu thc hin
bin i in p xoay chiu v ln v dng sng nhng tn s khng thay
i. iu p xoay chiu thng c ng dng trong iu khin chiu sng
v t nng, trong khi ng mm v iu chnh tc qut gi hoc my
bm...
2.1. B iu p xoay chiu mt pha
2.1.1. Cc s
T1
U1
T2
U1
1)
2)
D1
D1
T1
D2
T
U1
D2
T2
U1
D3
D4
4)
3)
NGUYN TH H THU
14
N TT NGHIP
1. S hai Thyristor song song ngc
NGUYN TH H THU
15
N TT NGHIP
5. S dng mt Thyristor v mt Diode
2
1 2 2
1 2
Ud =
u 1 d =
2U1 sin d
2 0
2 0
Ud =
2U1 sin d = U1 1
sin 2
+
(2.1)
U1
sin 2
1 +
R
(2.2)
Trong :
= t
u1
: gi tr tc thi ca in p li.
NGUYN TH H THU
16
N TT NGHIP
: Gi tr in tr ca ti.
: gc m ca Thyristor.
L
R
- Gi tr hiu dng ca in p ti l:
Ud =
2
1 2 2
1 2
u
d
=
2U1 sin d
1
2 0
2 0
Ud =
U d = U1
2U1 sin d +
2U1 sin d
+ sin 2 sin 2
(2.3)
t
U
U
i = icb + itd = 1m sin(t ) 1m sin( )e L
Z
Z
(2.4)
Trong :
Z=
R 2 + (L )
NGUYN TH H THU
17
N TT NGHIP
b) Khi <
U
Ud
a)
U
Ud
b)
NGUYN TH H THU
18
N TT NGHIP
2.2. B iu p xoay chiu ba pha
2.2.1. Cc s
A
T3
T5
T3
T1
T6
T5
T6
T2
Z
T1
T4
T2
T4
2)
1)
Hnh 13: S iu p xoay chiu ba pha bng cp Thyristor mc song song ngc
1) Ti u sao c trung tnh. 2) Ti khng c dy trung tnh
A
T2
T1
Z
T3
Z
T2
T1
Z
T3
Z
T2
T1
Z
C
T3
Z
Z
19
N TT NGHIP
2. Ti khng c dy trung tnh
B1
T7
T3
T1
C1
T8
T4 T5
T2
T6
T9
T10
NGUYN TH H THU
20
N TT NGHIP
2.2.2. B iu p xoay chiu ba pha bng cp Thyristor mc song
song ngc, ti u sao khng c dy trung tnh.
1. Nguyn tc xy dng ng cong in p trn ti
1
Udy ).
2
Ua
Uab/2
Uc
Ub
UdA
Uac/2
t
= 30
Ua
Uab/2
Ub
Uc
a)
UdA
Uac/2
t
= 60
Ua
Uab/2
b)
Ub
Uc
Uac/2
UdA
t
= 120
c)
NGUYN TH H THU
21
N TT NGHIP
1 2 2
=
u dA d =
2 0
2
2
t3
t5
t6
t4
1 t2 2
u ab
u ac
2
=
+
u
d
d
u
d
d
u a2 d
a
c
t1
t2 2
t3
t4 2
t5
Trong :
ua
: Gi tr tc thi ca in p pha.
u ab = 3U m sin +
6
u ac = 3U m sin
6
1 3
sin 2
, 0 < < 60
2 4
2
U dA = U m
3 3
3
cos 2 , 60 < < 90
+ sin 2 +
4 3 4
4
U dA =
Um
2
1 5
3
3 3
cos 2 , 90 < < 150
3 + sin 2 +
2
4
4
3. Khi ti l ti in cm
U
Ua
Ub
Uc
UdA
a)
NGUYN TH H THU
22
N TT NGHIP
U
Uab/2
Ua
Ub
Uc
UdA
Uac/2
= 60
b)
Uab/2
Ua
Ub
Uc
Uac/2
UdA
t
= 120
c)
: i da = u da = U m sin
Za
Za
NGUYN TH H THU
23
N TT NGHIP
u ac
u
hoc u dA = ab v mt on udA = 0.
2
2
1 2 2
=
u dA d =
2 0
2
2
t3
t5
t6
t2
t4
1 t1 2
u ab
u ab
2
2
=
d + u a d +
d
u a d + 0.d + u a d +
2
2
0
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
3
1
2
2
= (U m sin ) d + (U m sin ) d +
0
3
3
2
+
U m sin + d + (U m sin ) d +
2
6
+
+
3
+ U m sin d
6
2
+
3
2
+
3
U dA = U m
13
1
3
1
3
+ sin 2 + sin 2 +
cos 2
4
4
3 8
2
8
Gc gii hn:
2 3 tg 1
gh = arctg
+
e
2
3
NGUYN TH H THU
24
N TT NGHIP
c) Khi gh < < 150. Trong mi na chu k s c hai van ca hai pha
dn in, mi na chu k s c hai on m U dA =
U AB
U
hoc U dA = AC .
2
2
T5
T3
T1
T6
T2
T4
25
N TT NGHIP
NGUYN TH H THU
26
N TT NGHIP
Chng 3
VI IU KHIN V
CCH LP TRNH CHO VI IU KHIN
3.1 Gii thiu chung v vi iu khin AVR ATmega16
3.1.1 Tng quan v vi iu khin AVR Atmega16
27
N TT NGHIP
- 32 ng kt ni I/O mc ch chung.
- 32 thanh ghi lm vic mc ch chung c ni trc tip vi n v
x l s hc v logic (ALU).
- Mt giao din JATG cho qut ngoi vi.
- Lp trnh v h tr g ri trn chip.
- 3 Timer/Counter linh hot vi cc ch so snh.
- Cc ngt ngoi v ngt trong (21 nguyn nhn ngt).
- Chun truyn d liu ni tip USART c th lp trnh.
- Mt ADC 10 bit, 8 knh vi cc knh u vo ADC c th la chn
bng cch lp trnh.
- Mt Watchdog Timer c th lp trnh vi b to dao ng bn trong.
- Mt cng ni tip SPI ( serial peripheral interface).
- 6 ch tit kim nng lng c th la chn bng phn mm.
- La chn tn s hot ng bng phn mm.
- ng gi 40 chn kiu PDIP.
- Tn s ti a 16MHz.
- in th 4,5 5,5V
Vi iu khin ATmega16 c h tr lp trnh vi ngn ng lp trnh
bc cao nh ngn ng lp trnh C. iu ny gip cho ngi s dng rt tin
li trong vic lp trnh cho vi iu khin.
NGUYN TH H THU
28
N TT NGHIP
PB7
PB6
PB5
PB4
NGUYN TH H THU
29
N TT NGHIP
PB3
PB2
PB1
PB0
- Port C(PC7..PC0): Port C cng l mt cng I/O 8 bit hai chiu trc
tip vi cc in tr ko ln bn trong (c chn cho tng bit). Khi giao din
JTAG c php hot ng, cc in tr ko ln ca cc chn PC5(TDI),
PC3(TMS), v PC2(TCK) s vn hot ng c khi xy ra reset. Port C c
s dng cho giao din JTAG v cc chc nng c bit khc nh trong bng:
NGUYN TH H THU
30
N TT NGHIP
NGUYN TH H THU
31
N TT NGHIP
3.1.2 Cu trc b nh
NGUYN TH H THU
32
N TT NGHIP
NGUYN TH H THU
33
N TT NGHIP
3.2 Ngn ng lp trnh C cho vi iu khin AVR
NGUYN TH H THU
34
N TT NGHIP
Ton t (operators): l nhng k hiu bo cho trnh bin dch bit nhng
nhim v cn thc hin.
- Cc ton t i s
Ton t
ngha
Php nhn
Php chia
Php cng
Php tr
++
Tng
__
Gim
Du m
ngha
>
Ln hn
>=
Ln hn hoc bng
<
Nh hn
<=
Nh hn hoc bng
==
So snh bng
!=
&&
||
NGUYN TH H THU
35
N TT NGHIP
ngha
[]
Phn t ca mng
a ch gin tip
&
a ch trc tip
ngha
&
Php OR bit
>>
<<
36
N TT NGHIP
Cu lnh 2;
}
- If (iu kin) cu lnh 1; else cu lnh 2;: Nu iu kin ng th thc
hin cu lnh 1, nu khng ng th thc hin cu lnh 2. Vic t else v cc
cu lnh trn cng 1 dng hay khc dng khng lm thay i ngha ca cu
trc;
Nu cn thc hin nhiu cu lnh th cc cu lnh cn c dt trong 1
khi:
If (iu kin) {
Cu lnh 1;
Cu lnh 2;
}
Else {
Cu lnh 1;
Cu lnh 2;
}
- Trong trng hp c nhiu kh nng xy ra cho 1 biu thc (hay mt
bin) vi mi kh nng li cn thc hin mt cng vic no , ta c th s
dng cu trc switch:
Switch (biu thc) {
Case hng _s_1:
Cc cu lnh 1;
Break;
Case hng_s_2:
Cc cu lnh 2;
Break;
Defaul:
NGUYN TH H THU
37
N TT NGHIP
Cc cu lnh khc;
}
Cu trc switch hot ng theo cch thc sau: u tin chng trnh tnh
gi tr ca biu thc sau ln lt dem so snh vi cc gi tr hng s t
pha sau t kha case. Biu thc c gi tr bng hng s no th thc hin cc
cu lnh trong case dn khi tm thy t kha break. C th t bao nhiu
case ty . Nu gi tr ca biu thc khng tng ng vi cc hng s th
chng trnh thc hin cc cu lnh trong phn defaul: (nu c phn ny).
- Cu trc lp While: while (iu kin) cu lnh 1. ngha ca cu trc
lp while l thc hin cu lnh 1 (hoc 1 khi cu lnh t trong du {}) khi
iu kin cn ng.
- Cu trc lp for : for (biu thc 1; biu thc 2; biu thc 3) cu lnh.
Trong biu thc 1 l biu thc khi to, biu thc 2 l iu kin, biu thc
3 l biu thc thc hin sau. Biu thc 1 c thc hin 1 ln sau chng
trnh kim tra iu kin qua biu thc 2, nu iu kin ng cu lnh c
thc hin, sau thc hin biu thc 3 ri li quay li kim tra iu kin. C
nh vy ti khi iu kin khng cn ng na th chng trnh thot khi
vng lp. Ch khi s dng vng lp for l cc biu thc trong cu trc for c
th khng c nhng cc du ; th bt buc phi c.
Hm (functions): Trong C c rt nhiu hm, mi hm dng thc hin
mt chc nng c th. Cc hm trong C thng c thit k nh gn, c
nhng hm phc tp ngi dng cn t to ra.
Cc t kha (key words): T kha l nhng t quy nh ca ngn ng C
nh tn cc kiu d liu (char, int, unsigned int, ); tn cc cu trc iu
khin (if, while, for,). Cn ch khng c t tn bin trng vi t kha.
Cc kiu d liu thng dng khi lp trnh C cho vi iu khin:
Tn kiu d liu
S byte
Khong d liu
Char
Unsigned char
0 n 255
NGUYN TH H THU
38
N TT NGHIP
Signed char
- 127 n 127
Int
- 32767 n 32767
Unsigned int
0 n 65353
Singed int
- 32767 n 32767
Short int
- 32767 n 32767
0 n 65353
- 32767 n 32767
Long int
- 2147483647 n 2147483647
0 n 4294967295
- 2147483647 n 2147483647
- (263 1) n (263 1)
0 n (264 1 )
- (263 1) n (263 1)
NGUYN TH H THU
39
N TT NGHIP
40
N TT NGHIP
41
N TT NGHIP
NGUYN TH H THU
42
N TT NGHIP
NGUYN TH H THU
43
N TT NGHIP
NGUYN TH H THU
44
N TT NGHIP
NGUYN TH H THU
45
N TT NGHIP
NGUYN TH H THU
46
N TT NGHIP
47
N TT NGHIP
Chng 4
THIT K B KHI NG MM
IU KHIN S
A.Thit k mch ng lc
4.1. Tnh ton chn van ng lc
4.1.1. Tnh chn van ng lc theo dng in
Pm
0,75.103
I hd =
=
= 2,2 (A)
3.U f . cos . 3.220.0.72.0.74
Trong :
Pm : cng sut nh mc ca ng c.
Uf
: in p pha.
: hiu sut ca ng c.
Ihd
48
N TT NGHIP
: Unmax = 1000 V
Dng in lm vic cc i
: Immax = 20 A
Dng in dnh cc i
: Ipicmax = 400 A
: Ig = 10 mA
in p xung iu khin
: Ug = 3,5 V
Dng in duy tr
: Ih = 200 mA
Dng in r
: Ir = 5 mA
: Umax = 2,3 V
o hm in p
Nhit lm vic cc i
4.2. Bo v cc linh kin bn dn
4.2.1. Thit b bo v ngn mch
49
N TT NGHIP
4.2.3. Thit b bo v qu nhit
Dng mch RC bo v.
R = (5 20) ; C = 4F Chn R = 20 ; C = 4F
4.2.5. Bo v xung in p do chuyn mch van
Dng mch RC bo v.
R = (5 30) ; C = (0,5 4)F Chn R = 20 v C = 4F
~ 380
Aptomat
B khi
ng mm
Cng tc
t
RLN
NGUYN TH H THU
50
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N TT NGHIP
Khu
ng pha
Vi iu
khin
Khu
khuch i
Bin p
xung
K
tiristor
: Uk = 3,5(V)
Dng in iu khin
: Ik = 0,01(A)
: tx = 2tm = 100(s)
Tn s xung iu khin
: fx = 3(KHz)
: U = 12(V) v 5V
Mc st bin xung
: sx = 0,15
p ng nhng yu cu trn:
V phn cng, ta s dng cc ti nguyn ca vi iu khin ATmega16
nh sau:
NGUYN TH H THU
51
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N TT NGHIP
Timer 1
NGUYN TH H THU
52
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N TT NGHIP
T1
PORTC.0
t
T2
PORTC.1
T3
PORTC.2
T4
PORTC.3
T5
PORTC.4
t
T6
PORTC.5
PORTC
NGUYN TH H THU
53
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N TT NGHIP
Ngt input capture
I 2 0, 01
=
= 0, 0033( A)
m
3
B
0,3
=
= 8.103
6
0 .H 1, 25.10 .30
tb .0 .t x .sx .U1.I1
NGUYN TH H THU
B 2
54
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
N TT NGHIP
Thay s vo ta c:
V=
OA-12/14-3
12
S liu cn tra cu
Qcs
Q.Qcs
(cm2)
(cm)
(cm2)
(g)
(cm4)
0,03
4,1
1,13
0,96
0,034
14
d
b
Hnh 21: Hnh chiu li bin p xung
dB
B
= W1.Q.
dt
tx
U1.t x 10,5.100.106
=
= 1167 (vng)
B.Q 0,3.0, 03.104
S vng dy th cp
W2 =
W2 1167
=
= 389 (vng)
m
3
I1 0, 0033
=
= 0, 00056(mm 2 )
J1
6
NGUYN TH H THU
55
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
N TT NGHIP
d1 =
4.0, 00056
= 0, 027(mm)
I 2 0, 01
=
= 0, 0025(mm 2 )
J2
4
4.S 2
4.0, 0025
= 0, 056(mm)
0,12.1167 + 0,12.389
=
= 0,11
122
Dxung
T chn ca
4081
C1
D2
R1
Thyristor
T1
D1
NGUYN TH H THU
56
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
N TT NGHIP
: ICmax = 5(A)
: IBmax = 0,12(A)
: PC = 2(W)
: T1 = 15oC
H s khuch i
: = 50
: IC = 0,0033(A)
: IB = IC/ = 0,066mA
: Im = 1(A)
in p ngc ln nht
: UN = 25(V)
in p diod m thng
: Um = 1(V)
: Im = 2(A)
in p ngc ln nht
: UN = 800(V)
in p diod m thng
: Um = 1,5 (V)
:Vcc = 3 9(V)
Nhit lm vic
: - 40oC 80oC
in p ng vi mc logic 1: 2 4,5(V)
Dng in
: < 1mA
: P = 2,5nW/1 cng
NGUYN TH H THU
57
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N TT NGHIP
4.4.4. Chn R1 v C1
U
12
=
= 6k ; Chn R1 = 6,8 k
I b3 2.10 3
C1 =
tx
100
=
= 0,0147 F ; Chn C1 = 0,022 F
R 1 6,8.103
~7V
D3
R3
D4
ICP
D5
+5V
: 30(V)
Nhit lm vic
: T = - 40 105(oC)
NGUYN TH H THU
58
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N TT NGHIP
4.4.6. To ngun nui
7812
C2
~220V
C5
C8
~15V
~7V
+5V
7805
C3
C6
C9
C4
C7
C10
7905
-5V
12
= 13,33(V ) chn U2 = 15(V)
0,9
: 0,69W
NGUYN TH H THU
59
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N TT NGHIP
in p nh mc
: 12V)
S 4, 62
=
= 0,308( A)
U2
15
Dng in s cp my bin p
I1 =
S 4, 62
=
= 0, 021( A)
U1 220
S
4, 62
= 6.
= 1, 05(cm 2 )
m. f
3.50
NGUYN TH H THU
60
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N TT NGHIP
H h
a
C
U1
220
=
= 6080
4, 44. f .B.QT 4, 44.50.1.1, 63.104
(vng)
I1 0, 021
=
= 7, 64.103 (mm3 )
J1 2, 75
4.S1
4.7, 64.103
= 0, 0986(mm)
U2
15
= 6080.
= 415 (vng)
U1
220
u ra 9V:
W22 = W1.
U 22
9
= 6080
= 249 (Vng)
220
U1
NGUYN TH H THU
61
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N TT NGHIP
kld = 4
Vi:
Suy ra:
c= 4
= 4
(0,122.6080 + 0,422.415)
0,7.30
= 6,0(mm )
Chn c = 10mm
Chiu di mch t: L = 2.c + 3.a = 2.10 + 3.12 = 56(mm)
Chiu cao mch t: H = h + 2.a = 30 + 2.12 = 54(mm)
4.4.7. Tnh chn diode cho b chnh lu ngun nui
NGUYN TH H THU
62
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N TT NGHIP
+5V
C2
XTAL1
Thach anh
R2
C3
R1
XTAL2
RESET
b)
Nt nhn
C
a)
NGUYN TH H THU
63
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N TT NGHIP
Chng 5
CH TO V TH NGHIM
B KHI NG MM IU KHIN S
1
2
+5V
J6
2
4
6
8
10
+5V
1
D10
+
+
+
+
+
R1
10K
1N1199
1 mosi
3
5
7 sck
9 miso
+
+
+
+
+
J16
CON10AP
R2
SW1
100
13
12
C6
RESET
1uF
adc
C4
22pF
Y1
C5
CRYSTAL/16M
mosi
miso
sck
22pF
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
PC0 (SCL)
PC1 (SDA)
PC2 (TCK)
PC3 (TMS)
PC4 (TDO)
PC5 (TDI)
PC6 (TOSC1)
PC7 (TOSC2)
RESET*
XTAL1
XTAL2
PA0/ADC0
PA1/ADC1
PA2/ADC2
PA3/ADC3
PA4/ADC4
PA5/ADC5
PA6/ADC6
PA7/ADC7
PB0 (XCK/T0)
PB1 (T1)
PB2 (INT2/AIN0)
PB3 (OC0/AIN1)
PB4 (SS*)
PB5 (MOSI)
PB6 (MISO)
PB7 (SCK)
port1.1
port1.2
port1.3
port1.4
port1.5
port1.6
chum
relay
1
2
CON2
U18
+5V
CON3
U12
J8
R4
3
R
CON2
4
-5V
+Vcc
output
-Vcc
5
6
1
2
3
NC
port1.4
chum
adc
null1
30
32
chum
J12
D6
+5V
D5
port1.5
icp
10
11
31
VCC
GND
GND
chum
12
port1.6
13
port1.2
chum
port1.1
chum
6
8
R6
icp
uA741
chum
12
port1.3
13
D8
1N1199
GND
Vcc
1.1
14
2.1
5.2
out1
6.2
out2
8.3
out3
9.3
out4
T5
T4
10
T6
11
12.4
13.4
GND
IC 4081
U19
+5V
null2
6
5
4
3
2
1
+5V
chum
relay
ATMEGA16
J13
CON6
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
PD0/RxD
PD1/TxD
PD2/INT0
PD3/INT1
PD4/OC1A
PD5/OC1B
PD6/ICP1
PD7/OC2
AVCC
AREF
2
1
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
U11
9
Vcc
1.1
+5V
14
2.1
5.2
out1
6.2
out2
8.3
out3
9.3
out4
T2
T1
10
11
T3
12.4
13.4
dong pha
GND
IC 4081
2
7812
U13
D4
2 -
+5V
IN OUT
1
+ 4
D2
LED
GND
C9
C
J11
2
1
C12
C
BRIDGE
3
2
1
CON3
-5V
CON2
U14
C11
C10
C14
C
IN OUT
3
-5V
7912
NGUYN TH H THU
C13
C
+5V
J14
R3
220
64
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N TT NGHIP
5.1.2. Mch in
NGUYN TH H THU
65
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N TT NGHIP
5.2. Ch to mch li
5.2.1. Mch nguyn l
NGUYN TH H THU
66
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N TT NGHIP
+12V
U20 3
J1
D1
D2
2
4 1
BAX
C1
DKT1
U3
R1
1
2
dkt1
2
J22
D3
2
1
realy
3
1
CON2
+12V
1
U21 3
41
D4
U4
1
2
J18
DKT2
1
2
3
1
D6
1
2
3
+12V
2
CON3
1
U22 3
J3
D8
1
U5
C3
2 -
D19
1N1199
C9
C8
R7
R
U23 3
41
J4
2
BAX
1
2
DKT4
U24 3
41
D13
U7
J5
D14
2
BAX
1N1199
1
2
CON2
C5
J21
D20
1
2
DKT5
+12V
+12V
1
D15
R9
relay
3
+12V
Q1
2N1723
1
R
3
D12
R5
dkt4
C7
3
1
C4
dkt5
IN OUT
GND
+ 4
CON2
3
+12V
+12V
7812
1
2
D11
D21
BRIDGE
DKT3
J17
U6
R4
1
2
D9
dkt3
41
BAX
D7
R3
dkt1
dkt2
dkt3
dkt4
dkt5
dkt6
J19
CON3
3
BAX
C2
2
R2
dkt2
J2
D5
U25 3
D16
R6
C6
2
dkt6
41
BAX
1
2
DKT6
1
D18
J6
D17
2
2
1
U8
5.2.2. Mch in
NGUYN TH H THU
67
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N TT NGHIP
NGUYN TH H THU
68
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N TT NGHIP
KT LUN
NGUYN TH H THU
69
PH LC
Chng trnh cho vi iu khin vit bng ngn ng lp trnh C, s dng phn
mm lp trnh CodevisionAVR
/************************************************************************
This program was produced by the
CodeWizardAVR V1.24.8d Professional
Automatic Program Generator
Copyright 1998-2006 Pavel Haiduc, HP InfoTech s.r.l.
http://www.hpinfotech.com
Project : Do an tot nghiep
Version :
Date : 5/21/2009
Author : Nguyen Thi Ha Thu va Do Viet Lon
Company : Dai Hoc Bach Khoa Ha Noi
Comments:
Chip type
: ATmega16
Program type
: Application
Clock frequency : 16.000000 MHz
Memory model
: Small
External SRAM size : 0
Data Stack size : 256
************************************************************************/
// Khai bao thu vien su dung chip ATmega16
#include <mega16.h>
/************************************************************************
Khai bao cac bien su dung trong chuong trinh
y: bien tuong duong voi goc mo alpha
j:
chi so cua mang
i: bien dem so chu ky
a:
dung de luu gia tri thanh ghi TCNT1 khi goc mo lon
************************************************************************/
unsigned int y=0x74,a,i,j=1000;
/************************************************************************
bang tra cac gia tri ung voi cac goc mo, thoi gian khoi dong la 20s
************************************************************************/
flash unsigned char bang[]={
0x1A, 0x1A, 0x1A, 0x1A,0x1A, 0x1A, 0x1A, 0x1A,0x1A, 0x1A, 0x1A, 0x1A,0x1A,
0x1A, 0x1A,
0x1B, 0x1B,0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B,
0x1B, 0x1B,
0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C, 0x1C,
0x1C, 0x1C,
0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x1D,
0x1D, 0x1D,
0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E, 0x1E,
0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F,
0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,0x20, 0x20,
0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21, 0x21,
0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,
0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23,
0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24,
0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25,
0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26,
0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27,
0x29, 0x29, 0x29, 0x29, 0x29, 0x29, 0x29, 0x29, 0x29, 0x29, 0x29,
0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2A, 0x2A,
0x2B, 0x2B, 0x2B, 0x2B, 0x2B, 0x2B, 0x2B, 0x2B, 0x2B, 0x2B, 0x2B,
0x2C, 0x2C, 0x2C, 0x2C, 0x2C, 0x2C, 0x2C, 0x2C, 0x2C,
0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2D,
0x2E, 0x2E, 0x2E, 0x2E, 0x2E, 0x2E, 0x2E, 0x2E, 0x2E,
0x2F, 0x2F, 0x2F, 0x2F, 0x2F, 0x2F, 0x2F, 0x2F, 0x2F,
0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,
0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31,
0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32,
0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33,
0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34, 0x34,
0x35, 0x35, 0x35, 0x35, 0x35, 0x35, 0x35, 0x35, 0x35,
0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
0x37, 0x37, 0x37, 0x37, 0x37, 0x37, 0x37, 0x37, 0x37,
0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x38,
0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39,
0x3A, 0x3A, 0x3A, 0x3A, 0x3A, 0x3A, 0x3A, 0x3A, 0x3A,
0x3B, 0x3B, 0x3B, 0x3B, 0x3B, 0x3B, 0x3B, 0x3B, 0x3B,
0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C,
0x3D, 0x3D, 0x3D, 0x3D, 0x3D, 0x3D, 0x3D, 0x3D, 0x3D,
0x3E, 0x3E, 0x3E, 0x3E, 0x3E, 0x3E, 0x3E, 0x3E, 0x3E,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,
0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41,
0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42,
0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43,
0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44,
0x45, 0x45, 0x45, 0x45, 0x45, 0x45, 0x45, 0x45, 0x45,
0x46, 0x46, 0x46, 0x46, 0x46, 0x46, 0x46, 0x46, 0x46,
0x47, 0x47, 0x47, 0x47, 0x47, 0x47, 0x47, 0x47, 0x47,
0x48, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48,
0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49,
0x4A, 0x4A, 0x4A, 0x4A, 0x4A, 0x4A, 0x4A, 0x4A, 0x4A,
0x4B, 0x4B, 0x4B, 0x4B, 0x4B, 0x4B, 0x4B, 0x4B, 0x4B,
0x4C, 0x4C, 0x4C, 0x4C, 0x4C, 0x4C, 0x4C, 0x4C, 0x4C,
0x4D, 0x4D, 0x4D, 0x4D, 0x4D, 0x4D, 0x4D, 0x4D, 0x4D,
0x4E, 0x4E, 0x4E, 0x4E, 0x4E, 0x4E, 0x4E, 0x4E, 0x4E,
0x4F, 0x4F, 0x4F, 0x4F, 0x4F, 0x4F, 0x4F, 0x4F, 0x4F,
0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50,
0x51, 0x51, 0x51, 0x51, 0x51, 0x51, 0x51, 0x51, 0x51,
0x52, 0x52, 0x52, 0x52, 0x52, 0x52, 0x52, 0x52, 0x52,
0x53, 0x53, 0x53, 0x53, 0x53, 0x53, 0x53, 0x53, 0x53,
0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54,
0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
{
PORTD.1=0x01;y=0x1A;}
else
{j=j-1;
y=bang[j];}
}
/************************************************************************
CHUONG TRINH PHUC VU MGAT SO SANH (TIMER0)
(xay ra khi TCNT0 = OCR0)
************************************************************************/
interrupt [TIM0_COMP] void timer0_comp_isr(void)
{
PORTD.0^=1;
}
/************************************************************************
CHUONG TRINH CHINH
************************************************************************/
void main(void)
{
/************************************************************************
DAT CHE DO HOAT DONG CHO CAC CONG VAO - RA
PORTA: Dat la cac dau vao (khong su dung)
PORTB: Dat la cac dau vao (khong su dung)
PORTC: Dat la cac dau ra (xuat xung dieu khien)
PORTD: - PORTD.6: dat lam dau vao (nhan tin hieu dong pha)
- PORTD.0: dat lam dau ra (phat tin hieu xung chum)
- PORTD.1: dat lam dau ra (phat tin hieu dieu khien ro le)
************************************************************************/
PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0xFF;
PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0x03;
/************************************************************************
DAT CHE DO HOAT DONG CHO TIMER0
- che do hoat dong CTC top = OCR0
- xung nhip la xung nhip hoat dong cua chip
- prescaler = 1/1024
- OCR0 = 0x02
************************************************************************/
TCCR0=0x0D;
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x02;
/***********************************************************************
DAT CHE DO HOAT DONG CHO TIMER1
- che do hoat dong normal top = 0xFFFF
- xung nhip la xung nhip hoat dong cua chip
- prescaler = 1/1024
- ngat input capture khi co suon len o chan ICP (PORTD.6)
************************************************************************/
TCCR1A=0x00;
TCCR1B=0x45;
TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;
/***********************************************************************/
CHO PHEP XAY RA NGAT
************************************************************************/
TIMSK=0x22;
#asm("sei")
/************************************************************************
VONG LAP VO TAN
so sanh gia tri cua thanh ghi TCNT1 de phat xung ra PORTC
************************************************************************/
while (1)
{
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y){PORTB=0x09;PORTC=0x09;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y+0x34){PORTB=0x21;PORTC=0x21;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y+0x68) {PORTB=0x24;PORTC=0x24;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y+0x9C) {PORTB=0x06;a=TCNT1;PORTC=0x06;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y+D0) {PORTB=0x12;PORTC=0x12;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y+104) {PORTB=0x18;PORTC=0x18;}
if (i>=1)
{
if (TCNT1==a+0x34){PORTB=0x12;PORTC=0x12;}
if (TCNT1==a+0x68){PORTB=0x18;PORTC=0x18;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y){PORTB=0x09;PORTC=0x09;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y+0x34){PORTB=0x21;PORTC=0x21;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y+0x68) {PORTB=0x24;PORTC=0x24;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y+0x9C) {PORTB=0x06;a=TCNT1;PORTC=0x06;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y+0xD0) {PORTB=0x12;PORTC=0x12;}
if (TCNT1==ICR1+y+0x104) {PORTB=0x18;PORTC=0x18;}
}
};
}
MC LC
Chng 1 ......................................................................................... 1
CC PHNG PHP
KHI NG NG C KHNG NG B
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
Chng 2 ....................................................................................... 14
B IU P XOAY CHIU
2.1.
2.1.1. Cc s .................................................................................... 14
2.1.2. iu p xoay chiu mt pha ti thun tr .................................. 16
2.1.3. iu p xoay chiu mt pha khi ti mang tnh tr cm ............. 17
2.2.
2.2.1. Cc s .................................................................................... 19
2.2.2. B iu p xoay chiu ba pha bng cp Thyristor mc song song
ngc, ti u sao khng c dy trung tnh. ........................................... 21
2.3.
2.4.
Chng 3 ....................................................................................... 27
VI IU KHIN V
CCH LP TRNH CHO VI IU KHIN
3.1
3.2
3.3
Chng 4 ....................................................................................... 48
THIT K B KHI NG MM
IU KHIN S
A.Thit k mch ng lc ............................................................ 48
4.1.
4.4.
Chng 5 ....................................................................................... 64
CH TO V TH NGHIM
B KHI NG MM IU KHIN S
5.1.
Ch to mch li ................................................................................ 66