MINI PROJECT REPORT

JD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

IC555 TIMER CIRCUIT

A Project Report On

IC 555 TIMER CIRCUIT

A REPORT SUBMITTED TO J D COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY NAGPUR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

ELECTROTECH-2010

SUBMITTED BY

PRAKASH CHOWDHARY
( 5th sem. ETC)

SAURABH BHOLE

ANIKET CHAUDHARI

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr.

Umale Sir

Department of Electronics Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING J D COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHOLOGY, NAGPUR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled IC 555 TIMER CIRCUIT which has been duly submitted by the following students of third year (5th Semester) in recognition towards partial fulfillment for the award of ELECTROTECH-2010 In Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering (EC), J D College of Engineering & Technology,Nagpur. Submitted By PRAKASH CHOWDHARY SAURABH BHOLE

ANIKET CHAUDHARI
(ETC 5TH SEM)

___________________________ MR. UMALE SIR,

PROJECT GUIDE

__________________________ PROF. MRS. A. A. KHURSHID

H.O.D, ELECTRONICS ENGG. DEPARTMENT JDCOE, NAGPUR.

_____________________ PROF. DR. P. B. PATIL

PRINCIPAL, JDCOE, NAGPUR

DECLARATION

We the students of third year Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering (EC) humbly declare that we have completed the project work as described in this report by our own skill and during summer vacation 2010 as per the instructions and guidance of Mr. UMALE.

Further we declare that no part of this project is duplicated from any other literature in contravention of the academic ethics.

PROJECTEES

SIGNATURE _________________________ _________________________ __________________________

Aniket A. Chaudhari Saurabh S. Bhole Prakash A. Chowdhar y

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

No man is indispensable, but there are certain mortal without whom quality of work suffers. Their guidance becomes indispensable in acquiring quality results. With deepest sense of esteem and gratitude, we express my sincere thanks to my project guide Prof. MR. UMALE, under whose guidance I was able to learn much more and to complete successfully my dissertation work most efficiently. We are thankful to Prof. MRS. A. A. KHURSHID, Head and Prof. Electronics Engineering Department, for his inspiration and encouragement. She has immensely helped in providing all opportunities and facilities for the dissertation work. We could not forget to express my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. P. B. PATIL, Principal, for providing institutional facilities and giving timely suggestions. . We are also thankful to all the faculty members of department who helped us, directly or indirectly. My thanks are due to all those who have shown keen interest in this work and provided much encouragement.

PROJECTEES ANIKET CHAUDHARI SAURABH BHOLE PRAKASH CHOWDHARY 4

Introduction

Todays world is a digital one. Everyone wants the world to be faster. Digital technology is the need of the hour. It has widespread application in various fields. TIMER FLASH is one of the basic application that the digital world is aware of. The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator applications. The IC was designed by Hans R. Camenzind in 1970 and brought to market in 1971 by Signetics (later acquired by Philips). The original name was the SE555 (metal can) / (plastic DIP) and the part was described as "The IC Time Machine"., the standard 555 package includes over 20 transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini dual-in-line package. The 8-pin 555 timer must be one of the most useful ICs ever made and it is used in many projects. With just a few external components it can be used to build many circuits, not all of them involve timing! The IC555 monolithic timing circuit is a highly stable Controller capable of producing accurate time delays or oscillation.In the time delay mode of operation,The time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and capacitor. For astable operation as an oscillator,The free running frequency and the duty cycle are both accurately controlled with two external Resistors and one capacitor.The circuit may be triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output Structure can source or sink up to 200mA.The IC555 is available in plastic and ceramic minidip Package and in a 8-leadmicropackage and in metal Can package version.

Circuit Diagram

Internal Layout of IC 555

Components Required

Ic 555 2 Light Emitting Diodes Resistor - 470 Resistor - 470 Variable Resistor (Preset) - 222 K Resistor - 1 K Resistor - 1K Capacitor - 10 F Capacitor - 100 F

Data Sheet
Timers and signal generators

Order code
77-1212 82-0336 82-0338

Manufacturer code
n/a NE555 NE555D

Description
n/a NE555 SINGLE TIMER (RC) NE555D SINGLE TIMER (SMD) (RC)

Order Codes
Part Number NE555 SA 555 SE 555 Temperature Range 0C, 70C 40C, 105C 55C, 125C Package
N D

Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol

Vcc Toper

Parameter
Supply Voltage Operating free air temp. range for NE555 SA555 SE555 Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range

Value
18

Unit
V

0 to 70 -40 to 105 -55 to 125 150 -65 to 150

Tj Tstg

C C

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Tamb = +25oC, VCC = +5V to +15V (unless otherwise specified)

Symbol

Parameter

SE555

SA555-NE555
Type Max.

Unit

Min. Type Max. Min.

Icc

VCL

Vth

Ith

Supply Current (RL 8) (- note 1) Low State VCC = +5V VCC = +15V High State VCC = 5V Timing Error (monostable) (RA = 2k to 100kW, C = 0.1mF) Initial Accuracy (note 2) Drift with Temperature Drift with Supply Voltage Timing Error (astable) (RA, RB = 1kW to 100kW, C = 0.1mF, VCC = +15V) Initial Accuracy (note 2) Drift with Temperature Drift with Supply Voltage Control Voltage level VCC = +15V VCC = +5V Threshold Voltage VCC = +15V VCC = +5V Threshold Current - (note

3 10 2

5 12

3 10 2

6 15

mA

0.5 30 0.05

2 100 0.2

1 50 0.1

3 0.5

% ppm/C %/V

1.5 90 0.15

2.25 150 0.3

% ppm/C %/V

9.6 2.9 9.4 2.7

10 3.33 10 3.33 0.1

10.4 3.8 10.6 4 0.25

9 2.6 8.8 2.4

10 3.33 10 3.33 0.1

11 4 11.2 4.2 0.25 V

mA

3) Vtrig Trigger 4.8 Voltage 1.45 VCC = +15V VCC = +5V Trigger Current (Vtrig = 0V) Reset Voltage 0.4 - (note 4) Low Level Output Voltage VCC = +15V, IO(sink) = 10mA IO(sink) = 50mA IO(sink) = 100mA IO(sink) = 200mA VCC = +5V, IO(sink) = 8mA IO(sink) = 5mA High Level Output Voltage VCC = +15V, IO(source) = 200mA IO(source) = 100mA VCC = +5V, IO(source) = 100mA 0.1 0.4 2 2.5 0.1 0.05 5 1.67 0.5 0.7 0.15 0.5 2.2 0.25 0.2 5.2 1.9 0.9 1 0.4 4.5 1.1 5 1.67 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.4 2 2.5 0.3 0.25 5.6 2.2 2.0 1 0.25 0.75 2.5 0.4 0.35 V

Itrig Vreset VOL

mA V V

VOH

13 3

12.5 13.3 3.3

12.7 5 2.75

12.5 13.3 3.3

Notes : 1. Supply current when output is high is typically 1mA less. 2. Tested at VCC = +5V and VCC = +15V. 3. This will determine the maximum value of RA + RB for +15V operation the max total is R = 20M and for 5V operation, the max total R = 3.5M .

Advantages

 LOW TURN OFF TIME MAXIMUM OPERATING FREQUENCYGREATERTHAN 500kHz TIMING FROM MICRO SECONDS TO HOURS OPERATES IN BOTH ASTABLE AND MONOSTABLE MODES HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT CAN SOURCE OR SINK 200mA ADJUSTABLE DUTY CYCLE TTL COMPATIBLE TEMPERATURE STABILITY OF 0.005% PER C

Graphs

Minimum Pulse Width Required for Triggering

Supply Current versus Supply Voltage

Delay Time versus Supply Voltage

Propagation Delay versus Voltage Level of Trigger Value

IC 555 Configurations
We all know how versatile the IC 555 is and regarding its wide range of applications. Basically the IC 555 can be operated in two most commonly used modes viz. monostable and astable multivibrator. In the monostable mode the output at pin 3 of the IC goes high in response to an external applied trigger at its pin 2. The output holds this position for a time period determined by the values of its timing components consisting of a resistor and a capacitor. The best example of this mode of operation of the IC can be studied in one of my previous article on a frequency meter. But the most common application of this mode of operation is in a 555 timer circuit, where the IC is used to switch ON a load at its output for the set period of time after which it is automatically switched OFF. In the astable mode configuration the IC continuously produces pulses at its output. These pulses are normally square waves and its frequency can be adjusted again by varying the timing components comprising of a resistor and a capacitor.

Working of Circuit
As shown in the figure the IC 555 is configured as a monostable mutivibrator. On pressing the switch S1, a momentary logic high appears at pin 2 of the IC and its output at pin 3 goes high switching ON the relay and the load connected to the relay contacts. The output will sustain the position till its timing capacitor C1 gets fully discharged through the variable resistor VR1. The value of this resistor may be varied to get the desirable time delays. The delay may be calculated using the below given formula:
T = 1.1 (VR1 + R1+R2) C1

Schematic of a 555 in monostable mode The relationships of the trigger signal, the voltage on C and the pulse width in monostable mode. In the monostable mode, the 555 timer acts as a one-shot pulse generator. The pulse begins when the 555 timer receives a trigger signal. The width of the pulse is determined by the time constant of an RC network, which consists of a capacitor (C) and a resistor (R). The pulse ends when the charge on the C equals 2/3 of the supply voltage. The pulse width can be lengthened or shortened to the need of the specific application by adjusting the values of R and C.The pulse width of time t, which is the time it takes to charge C to 2/3 of the supply voltage, is given by T = 1.1 (VR1 + R1+R2) C1 where t is in seconds, R is in ohms and C is in farads. See RC circuit for an explanation of this effect.

INDEX
Sr.No.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Perticulars

Introduction Components Required Circuit Diagram Circuit Explanation IC 555 Configuration Applications & Future Scope Advantages Data Sheet References

References
http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electrical/articles/

68119.aspx#ixzz0mMestoXE Wikipedia
www.scribd.com

Applications

Monostable Mode
In this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot".

@ Timers @ Missing pulse detection @ Bounce-free switches @ Touch switches @ Frequency divider @ Capacitance measurement @ Pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc. Astable Mode
Free running mode: the 555 can operate as an oscillator

@LED and lamp flashers @ Pulse generation @Logic clocks @Tone generation @ Security alarms @Pulse position modulation etc. Bistable Mode
555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is used.

@ bounce-free latched switches

MINIPROJECT
IC 555 TIMER CIRCUIT