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LI M U

Ngy nay, cng vi s tin b ca x hi th nhu cu v n ung cng c
nng cao, v th vic nghin cu sn xut cc mt hng cao cp phc v cho nhu cu
v th hiu ca ngui tiu dng l rt cn thit.
Cng ngh ch bin thc phm l mn thc hnh cp n cc ni dung v
tnh cht v nhng bin i c bn trong sn xut thc phm, trn c s c
nhng yu cu v thit b v t chc sn xut nhm nng cao v h gi thnh sn
phm.
Sau bui thc hnh mn ch bin thc phm 1, nhm lm quen vi 2 sn
phm l: Necta xoi v Pate gan heo ng hp. Tuy thi gian thc hnh khng
nhiu nhng cng nhm c th tm hiu su hn v sn phm bng cch thc
nghim.
Sn phm m nhm lm ra tuy cha hon thin v quy trnh cng nh thao tc
trong qu trnh ch bin nhng mt khc nhm c th hiu c cc yu t nh
hng n cht lng sn phm sau cng. V ng thi gip nhm c th t kh
nng mnh xy dng quy trnh ch bin, v tnh ton t l ph hp ca nguyn ph
liu cho sn phm ca nhm, cng nh gi thnh cho sn phm tuy cha mang li
hiu qu kinh t.
Trong qu trnh thu thp ti liu, tnh ton tng hp nn bi bo co s
khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Rt mong s ng gp kin ca qu thy c.
Nhm chng em xin chn thnh cm n nh trng to iu kin cho nhm
c thc hnh ti phng th nghim. Nhm chng em cng xin by t li cm n
su sc n thy c hng dn nhm hon thnh sn phm.
Nhm 39

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PHN 1 : NECTA XOI

I. MC CH:
- Nghin cu xy dng quy trnh ch bin sn phm necta trn phng din
l thuyt. Trn c s ch bin sn phm nhn xt nhng u im v khuyt
im ca sn phm. Tm hiu v iu chnh xy dng quy trnh ch bin sn
phm necta xoi c tnh kh thi p dng vo sn xut cng nghip.
- Gip cc thnh vin ca nhm kh nng tnh ton, d tr nguyn liu, dng
c ch bin sn phm nectar, tnh ton gi thnh sn phm t gii quyt bi ton
kinh t to u ra cho sn phm trong tng lai.
II. TNG QUAN :
- Necta l s dng cho cc sn phm nc tri cy c thnh phn tri cy p
t 25% tr ln. Necta l sn phm rt giu cc cht dinh dng, cc vitamin, cht x
m c bit l cc cht chng oxy ha rt cn thit cho sc khe, gip ngn nga
chng li bnh tt v c trong vic gn gi sc p.
- Necta xoi l mt dng bn ch phm c ch bin t xoi ti, ng, v
axt nhm tn dng cc nguyn liu khng t yu cu cho xut khu bo qun di
ngy hoc vn chuyn i xa. Ngoi ra, vic ch bin necta xoi cng gp phn gii
quyt u ra cho sn phm vo thi im nh v ng thi to ra mt loi ung
va b dng va r cho ngi tiu dng.
1. Nguyn liu :
- Nguyn liu chnh sn xut sn phm Necta xoi l xoi. Cht lng
nguyn liu xoi sn xut necta xoi l yu t u tin quyt nh cht lng sn
phm. Trong cng mt loi qu, cc ging khc nhau s cho cht lung khc nhau.
Necta xoi t cht lng tt nht khi s dng nguyn liu l xoi ct. to cho
sn phm c mu sc, hng v c trng th c th phi trn cc ging xoi khc
nhau hoc cc chn khc nhau theo t l nht nh nng cao hiu qu kinh t.
- Xoi l loi qu mt ht, hnh thn, c v dai, tht mng nc bm ch yu
hai bn ht gi l m xoi, ht chim 25 30% khi lng qu.
1.1 Ngun gc ca tri xoi :
- Xoi c tn khoa hc l : Mangifera indicaL.(Anacardiaceae) v c c
th gii gi l vua ca loi qu .
- Cc loi xoi c th chia lm hai loi, mt loi c ngun gc t n cn
loi kia c ngun gc t Philippines v ng Nam . Chng loi n khng chu
c iu kin qu m t, c chi non mu , d b nm mc sng, qu n
phi c mu sng v hnh dng bnh thng. Chng loi ng Nam chu c
iu kin qu m t, c chi mu lc nht hay v khng nm mc sng. Qu
ca chng l a phi c mu lc nht v di hnh qu thn.
- Vit Nam xoi c trng nhiu Nam b.
1.2 Thnh phn :
Xoi c thnh phn ha hc nh sau:
NG TNG S : 26,516 %
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NG KH : 10,065 %
AXIT TNG S : 0,201 %
VITAMIN C : 0366 %
HM LNG CHT KH : 16,667 %
TRO : 0,396 %

- Theo y hc hin i :100g xoi chn cho 65 calo, 17g hydrat cacbon, 3.894
UI.vitamin A (78% nhu cu hng ngy), 28mg vitamin C (46% nhu cu), 1mg E
(10%)... ng ca xoi l loi cp nng lng nhanh. Qu xanh t vitamin A v
nhiu vitamin C.
1.3 iu kin trng trt :
- Xoi l loi cy trng thch hp vi nhit 24 270C. Lng ma thch
hp ln hn 1500mm phn b t nht c 4 thng ma kh trong nm, t mu m,
pH t 5.5 7. Tuy nhin, xoi c th chu ng v pht trin bnh thng
nhiu loi t xu hn nh t hi phn, mn, ngho dinh dng nu c chm
sc tt.
- Vng trng xoi phi chn ni trnh nh hng trc tip ca bo, lc xoy,
gi mnh trn cp 4, c bit trong khong thi gian t thng 12 n thng 4 nm
sau l khong thi gian cy ra tri. Ni chu nh hng ca gi th phi b tr chn
gi. cao ca vng trng khng c vt qu 600m so vi mc nc bin.
1.4 Mt s ging xoi trng ph bin Vit Nam :
Xoi ct Ho Lc : c xut x Ho Lc, Ci B , Tin Giang. Xoi ct Ho
Lc l mt trong nhng ging xoi ni ting nht ng bng Sng Cu Long Vit Nam v l mt trong nhng loi qu c a chung bi mu sc hp dn,
mi v thm ngon v c gi tr dinh dng cao. Qu xoi ct Ho Lc c trng
lng trung bnh 350-450g/qu, hnh thun di, khi chn v mu vng nht, tht
qu mu vng ti, cu trc tht chc, mn v t x, v rt ngon v thm.
Xoi ct Chu : c xut x t ng Thp hin c trng nhiu min Ty
v ng Nam b vi din tch ln ti hng ngn hecta. L loi ging c cht
lng ngon, nng xut cao, trng lng tri t 250 350 g.
Xoi tng Bnh nh : kh ln, mi tri chng na k, v mu xanh ti,
khi bt u chn tri ng vng. y l lc va hi. Hi xong ngi ta em xp
vo gi c lt r, c mt lp tri mt lp rm. Xoi ngon c mu cam sng r,
mp mp. Mi thm ta ra xung quanh.
Xoi thanh ca : Loi xoi ny ngon khng km xoi tng. V thanh, ngt,
tri hi di khng mp nh xoi tng, nng sut km. Xoi thanh ca t ra thch
hp khi bt u chn, lc xoi ng da.
1.5 Phng php thu hoch :
- Thu hoch lc tri t kch thc ti a, no tri, v tri chuyn sang mu
vng, xung quanh tri c lp phn mng. Thi gian thu hoch t 9 gi sng n 3
gi chiu v lc xoi t m nht. t xoi trn lp bo hoc l kh cho ro m, xp
xoi vo st c giy mn hoc l kh xung quanh v di y st. ng hng vo
thng phi nh nhng, trnh lm tri bm dp, xy xt.

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1.6 Phng php bo qun v vn chuyn :

Cc phng php bo qun :

- Bo qun nhit bnh thng c s dng cht dit nm, vi sinh
vt v cn trng bng cch xng kh SO2 bo qun xoi c 15 16 ngy.
- Bo qun nhit 10- 120C th thi gian bo qun c trn 30
ngy, t l hao ht do p nt l 5-7%.
- Xoi sau khi thu hoch c em phn loi, ra sch ri ngm trong
dung dch CaCl2 hoc Ca(NO3)2 vt ra kh v ng trong ti nilong c l thot
m, bo qun 11- 11,50C th thi gian bo qun l 30 ngy.
- Bo qun bng mng Chitosan : t xoi trong thng Cartoon, mt
trn c ph bng mng Chitosan th thi gian bo qun l 18 ngy.
- bo qun tri xoi ti lu hn th p dng phng php :
Nguyn liu xoi ti lm mt s b phn loi lm sch x l ho cht
ng gi bo qun.
Th thi gian bo qun c trn 40 ngy.

Vn chuyn :
- Khi vn chuyn hn ch lm tri xoi lay ng nhiu bng cch chn thng
va, cht xoi y thng, khng c lng thng. Khng c xp cc thng
xoi chng ln nhau. hoc c th xp chng chng ln nhau khi c tm vn ngn
gia cc thng.
2. Sn phm :
- Trn th trng hin nay c mt s nhn hiu sn phm Necta xoi.

III. CNG NGH CH BIN NECTA XOI :

3.1. Ho cht :
Axit citric( 330) :
- Chc nng : iu chnh axit, chng oxy ho.
- Liu lng : dng theo Quyt nh s 3742/2001 HQ BYT ngy 31
thng 8 nm 2001 ca B Y T cho sn phm Necta qu thanh trng ng chai l
GMP.
Axit Ascorbic(300) :
- Chc nng : chng oxy ho, n nh mu, cung cp vitamin C lm tng gi
tr dinh dng cho sn phm. Nghin cu cho thy dch qu cha t axit ascorbic d
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b bin mu hn qu c cha nhiu axit ascorbic. Trong 100ml nc qu nu c

khong 1mg axit ascorbic th nc qu c th ngoi khng kh trong vng 30
pht m khng b bin mu.
- Liu lng dng theo Quyt nh s 3742/2001 HQ BYT ngy 31
thng 8 nm 2001 ca B Y T cho sn phm Necta qu thanh trng ng chai l
400mg/kg sn phm.
- Thc t cho thy lng ascorbic cho vo khi phi ch cn c ch cc
men xuc tc phn ng bin mu v cn d khong 100mg/l nc qu. Nu d, sn
phm c v chua gt v hc.
3.2. Dng c :
- Cn bn
- Cn phn tch 2 ch s
- Dao
- Tht
- Thau
- Tha
- a
- Bao tay nilong
- Bp ga
- My ch
- Ni
- Thit b ng ho
- Thit b ng np chai
- Khc x k

: 1 ci
: 1 ci
: 1ci
: 1ci
: 2 ci
: 1 ci
: 1 i
: 3 i
: 1 ci
: 1 thit b
: 1 ci
: 1 thit b
: 1 thit b
: 1 thit b

3.3. Nguyn vt liu :

- C th s dng bt c loi Xoi no ch bin nhng tt nht l Xoi ct
v loi nguyn liu ny t s v c mi v thm ngon : 1,7kg
- Nc (t tiu chun cho sn xut nc gii kht) : 0.5 lt
- ng tinh luyn : 200 g
- Axit Xitric: 10g
- Axit Asorbic ( vitamin C) : 10g
3.4. Quy trnh ch bin :
3.4.1 S quy trnh ch bin :

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Xoi
Xoi
khng
t

La chn - phn loi

Ra

Nc

Chn t =80- 900C,2pht

Gt v

Ch
Nc, ng,
acid
citric,Kali
Metabisulfit

Phi trn
ng ho

Nng nhit Bi kh

Chai sch

Chit rt Ghp np

Thanh trng t=900C,5pht

Lm ngui

Bo n

Necta
Xoi

3.4.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh :

1. La chn- phn loi :

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- Nguyn liu xoi phi c la chn v phn loi theo mt s ch

tiu cht lng nh : chn, mc nguyn vn,...
- chn : chn k thut m nguyn liu xoi cn t thng l giai
on chn hon ton. V chn ny, ton b v qu c mu vng, tht qu c
chc va phi, tng cht rn ho tan l cao nht v cc ch tiu mu sc, mi
v tt nht ng thi hm lng cc cht : ng, axit, pectin, ... n nh.
- Trc khi ch bin phi loi b nhng phn qu thi ra hon ton,
nhng qu ch h hng mt phn th c th ct b phn h hng li phn vn
cn gi tr s dng.

2. Ra :
- Nhm mc ch loi b bi bm, t ct, rc ri bm trn b mt
nguyn liu nh m loi b c phn ln vi sinh vt bm trn nguyn liu .
Ra cn nhm mc ch ty sch 1 s cht ho hc gy c hi , vn c dng
trong trng trt : phn bn , thuc tr su,...
- L giai on lm sch sch qu bng nc sch, dng khn mn ch
nh trn ton b b mt v qu.
- Tu theo nhim bn ca nguyn liu c th ra mt ln hay nhiu
ln.
3. Chn :
- Chn bng nc nng hoc hi nc nng tu theo chn c th
ch chn khc nhau. Vi qu chn hon ton chn 90 0C trong 2 pht theo
t l ( khi lng) nc chn so vi nguyn liu t 1.5 -2.0 :1.
- L giai on gia nhit nhm :
c ch hot ng ca enzyme nht l enzyme oxy ho l yu t
m nu khng kim tra s gy nh hng bt li v mu sc v
gi tr dinh dng.
Gip qu trnh bc v d dng, lm mm m qu ch qu d
dng v thun tin.
Loi tr cc vi sinh vt bm trn b mt qu.
Loi bt 1 phn khng kh k c oxi ra khi t bo ca nguyn
liu bo v cc cht d b oxy ho v c vitamin.
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4. Bc v, b ht :
- Phn ln cc loi nguyn liu c 1 t l phn km dinh dng : v
ht, ht,... chim t l ng k so vi khi lng qu. gim khi lng ch
bin khng cn thit v trnh nh hng xu ca nhng phn khng c gi tr
dinh dng n cht lng sn phm, trc khi ch cn loi b v v ht.
5. Ch :
- Trong Necta ( nc qu c tht qu) ngoi dch bo cn c m qu
nghin nh. V vy khi ly dch qu ch bin necta xoi cn tin hnh ch.
trong phng th nghim th ch trn ray c kch thc l ray l 1.5mm. Trong
sn xut cng nghip ngi ta s dng my ch.
- Ch nhm mc ch loi b phn x, thu ly tht qu dng nhuyn ,
trnh hin tng phn lp sau khi ch bin ng thi lm tng gi tr cm quan
cho sn phm. Ch l qu trnh xy ra s tip xc nhiu nht gia sn phm v
khng kh, v vy kh nng sn phm b oxy ho, bin mu l rt cao. hn
ch hin tng ny c th s dng cc cht chng oxy ho nh Vitamin C vi
hm lng 0.1% so vi khi lng tht qu.
6. Phi ch :
- L trn ln 2 hay nhiu thnh phn ring bit vi nhau nhn c
sn phm cui cng c hng v v mu sc thch hp vi khu v ngi tiu
dng. Thng phi ch thm ng, axit xitric, nc,... vo dch qu sau khi
ch. Khi lng thnh phn phi ch c tnh ton bng 1 trong cc phng
php sau : phng php ton hc, phng php nhn cho, phng php
th,...
- Cng thc phi ch:
Dch qu xoi thu c sau qu trnh ch l : 920 g. Tin hnh o Brix
ca dch qu bng khc x k. Kt qu thu c l 8%. thu c sn
phm Necta xoi c 20% th cn phi phi trn thm dung dch xiro
60% (c nu t nc v ng tinh luyn) lng nguyn vt liu c
tnh theo phng php ng cho nh sau:
8

40
2
0

60

12

Tng ng ly 40 phn khi lng dch qu xoi sau khi ch c Bx l 8%

phi trn vi 10 phn khi lng dch xiro c bx l 60 % th thu c sn
phm c Bx l 20%. Tng ng vi t l khi lng gia dung dch xoi
sau khi ch : khi lng dch xiro l 10 : 3.
T lng xiro cn cho phi trn l : 920*3/10 = 276 g
Lng ng cn s dng l : 107,3*60/100 = 165,6 g
Lng nc cn nu xiro l:
276 165,6 = 110,5 g.
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Tng ng vi 0,1lt (do trng lng ring ca nc gn bng 1, m th tch

V = m/d).
Lng axit citric s dng chim 0.3% :
( 920 + 276) * 0,3/100 = 3,58(g)
Lng axit asorbic s dng chim t l 0.02% l:
(920 + 276) * 0,02/100 = 0,24 ( g)
7. ng ho :
- y l cng on rt quan trng sn phm c c thch hp,
mn v t phn lp, vn cc, v cha nhng phn t c kch thc nh, ngui ta
tin hnh ng ho sn phm bng thit b ng ho kiu phun c p sut ( vi
p sut lm vic l 1,47 1,98 . 107 N/m2 tc 200at) hoc bng thit b ly tm.
8. Nng nhit :
- Nng nhit nhm mch ch rt ngn thi gian thanh trng , tiu dit
mt phn vi sinh vt trong nc qu , ng thi c tc dng bi kh gim hin
tng oxi ho lm bin mu ca sn phm . Ngoi ra cn c tc dng n nh
trng thi ca nc qu .
- Nhit rt chai thng khng di 800C nn phi nng nhit trc
khi rt chai ln 900C . Thi gian nng nhit cng nhanh cng tt .
- Trc khi dung dch nc qu c rt chai th phi c ui ht
khng kh.Thng thng qu trnh ny c thc hin bi s cho bao b qua hp
hi nng cho n khi nhit trung tm bao b thp nht l 1600F. Thao tc nay
s gip :
ui oxy tc nhn nhnh chng lm n mn trong bao b v
cng l nguyn nhn oxy ho thc phm vi nhng nh hng
nghim trng v mu v mi v.
Bo v vitamin C
9. Rt chai v ghp np :
- Nuc qu c rt vo cc chai c lm sch v sy kh, c
rt nng ngay sau khi nng nhit nhit trn 800C trnh nhim bn li.
Qu trnh ny c thc hin bng my hoc bng tay. Lng nuc qu uc rt
sao cho cao ca khong khng ming chai khng vt qu 25 30 mm .
- Ghp np : ngay sau khi rt dch qu bao b phi c ghp np .
Trc khi ghp kn , np chai phi c ra sch v dng ngay . Chai sau khi
ghp kn cn c thanh trng nhanh . Thi gian ch thanh trng khng qu 30
pht . Nu khng, nhit ca sn phm gim gy nh hng n ch thanh
trng .
10. Thanh trng :
- Sau khi ghp m, bao b cha dch qu c thanh trng trong mt
thi gian v nhit xc nh tiu dit hoc km hm vi sinh vt c kh nng
gy h hng sn phm. Thi gian v nhit i hi cho qu trnh thanh trng
ca cc loi bao b khc nhau c xc nh bng thc nghim m bo rng
cc bo t vi sinh vt c sc bn nhit nht gy c cho thc phm bit nh :
Clostridium botulinum u c tiu dit.
- Bo t vi khun c kh nng chu nhit ln nht khi chng sinh
trng trong mi trng trung tnh hoc gn trung tnh. Do , hp rau qu
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thc phm c chia chung lm 2 loi : thc phm axit c pH = 4.5 hoc thp
hn v thc phm khng axit c pH > 4.5. Thc phm khng axit phi
c thanh thng nhit cao vi p sut hi nc cn thc phm axit c
th c gia nhit nhit thp hn v vy c th s dng tc nhn thanh trng
l nc si.
- Necta xoi thuc loi thc phm axit v c ng trong chai thu
tinh c th tch 330ml nn c thanh trng 90 C trong 5 pht .
11. Lm ngui :
- Dch qu sau khi thanh trng xong phi c lm ngui nhanh bng
nc gy hin tng sc nhit nhm tiu dit vi sinh vt a nng cn li sau
qu trnh thanh trng .
12. Bo n :
- Sau khi sn phm c lm ngui em i bo n 10 15 ngy .
pht hin v loi b cc sn phm h hng do hot ng ca vi sinh vt cn st
li dng bo t nn khng b qu trnh thanh trng tiu dit ht nay gp iu
kin thun li th pht trin. Sn phm trao i cht ca chng l cc kh : CO 2
lm tng p sut ca bao b gy h hng sn phm.
3.5 Cc tiu chun nh gi cht lng nc xoi (Necta) theo tiu chun
Vit Nam
Tn ch tiu
Tiu chun
Ch tiu cm quan
Trng thi
Th lng va phi , c , mn ,
ng nht . Nc qu khng ln
cc mnh cung , v v cc tp
cht khc . Nu lu cho php
bt tht qu c th lng xung
y bao b , song lc mnh th
phn tn u , khng vn cc .
Mu sc
T vng nht n vng m .
Mi v
C mi thm v chua ngt t
nhin khng c mi l .
Tp cht l
Khng c c
Ch tiu ha l
Khi lng tnh
Hm lng cht kh (o bng
khc x k 20 C )
chy qui nh (o bng
nht k Vz 4 )

Cho php theo s tho thun

trong hp ng gia bn sn xut

v bn nhn hng .
Ln hn hoc bng 16%
13-16s

IV. NHN XT- KIN NGH:

4.1. Nhn xt sn phm:
4.1.1 Tnh cht cm quan ca sn phm:
- Sn phm Necta xoi ca nhm ch bin sau 1 tun vn cha
c hin tng phn lp, lng cn. c tnh ch yu ca nc qu necta l
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tnh ng nht v thnh phn n nh. n nh ca sn phm t c l

nh vic tng cng nht bng cch b sung thm pectin vo nhng loi
qu khng c hm lng pectin cn thit v thc hin cng on ng
ho ng k thut. Nhm em khng b sung thm cht n nh trong qu
trnh phi trn v qu trnh ng ho m vn cha c hin tng tch lp
c th l do thi gian xy ra hin tng hn 1 tun.
- Mu sc ca sn phm ca nhm c mu m hn so vi sn
phm th trng lm gim gi tr cm quan ca sn phm. Nguyn nhn l
do sn phm ca th trng thng b sung thm enzyme pectinase v
c gia nhit trong iu kin chn khng nn gim phn ng mailanoidin
lm sm mu sn phm.
- Mi v ca sn phm nhm thc hnh khng c hp dn
nh sn phm th trng do c mang mi nu. Mi ny pht sinh do qu
trnh gia nhit trong iu kin thng trong khi iu kin sn xut cng
nghip ngi ta thng tin hnh gia nhit trong iu kin chn khng nn
nhit gia nhit thp hn.
4.1.2 Gi thnh ca sn phm :
Tnh gi thnh sn phm thc hnh ch bin:
Gi nguyn vt liu:
- Xoi ct chu : 1.7kg. Vi gi 15.000 ng/kg.
Thnh tin: 1.7*15.000 = 25.500 ng
- ng ct 276g. Vi gi 10.000kg/kg. Thnh tin: 0,276 *10.000 =2.760
ng
- Ph gia v nc :1.000
- Tng gi nguyn vt liu : 25.500 + 2.760 + 1.000 = 29.260 ng
- Khi lng dung dch thu c: 1.100 lt sn phm necta xoi
- Vy gi c chi ph cho 1 lt sn phm cha tnh gi in,gi bao b, gi nhn
cng, khu hao my mc, cng vn chuyn, bn hng,l:
29.260*1/1.100=26.600 (ng)
Gi thnh sn phm ca mt s cng ty trn th trng:
- Nc xoi Fresh Mango Nectar (1lt) ca cng ty Vinamik Vit
nam .Gi bn: 14,500 VN. Th sn phm ca nhm c gi c cao hn rt
nhiu do nhiu nguyn nhn:
Quy m sn xut nh, khi lng sn phm ch bin thp, hiu xut
thu hi sn phm thp.
Ngun nguyn vt liu mua vi gi bn l v khng ng ma v nn
gi thnh cao.
So snh vi xoi ti cha qua ch bin:
Nghin cu gn y cho thy 3 loi vitamin ny to thnh mt b ba hng
mnh, chng li nhng gc ha t do gy ra bnh v ngn nga tin trnh lo
ha. Mt ly nc xoi nh cung cp 16% hm lng cht st ph n cn dng
hng ngy
4.2 Kin ngh :

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GVHD:Trn Vn

- Qua qu trnh thc hnh ch bin sn phm v quan st s bin i ca sn

phm trong qu trnh bo qun nhm em rt ra mt s li trong qu trnh xy
dng cng ch bin sn phm Necta xoi v thao tc thc hnh.
- T qu trnh thc hnh v theo di sn phm chng em tm hiu v xin
c mt s kin ngh :
c c sn phm Necta xoi mu sc p v c hiu qu kinh t cao hn
c th p dng quy trnh sn xut Necta Xoi c s dng enzyme
QUY TRNH SN XUT NECTA XOI C S DNG ENZYME

Xoi nguyn liu

Phn loi,ngm ra
Chn (80-900C, t=2 pht)
Nghin, ch
Tht qu c b sung enzyme
Pectinase Ultra SPT 0.025%
Pectinex 3XL 0.035%
Gia nhit (40-500C)
Phi ch tng lng ng
Nng nhit (80-900C, t=2 pht)
Phi ch tip ng cn li acid citric, vitamin C 0.1%
Rt chai
Ghp np
Thanh trng (t=900C,t=5 pht)
Lm ngui
Bo n
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Bo co thc hnh nhm 39

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GVHD:Trn Vn

Bo qun
Necta Xoi
Hnh nh cho thy s khc nhau v tnh cht cm quan ca sn phm c b sung
enzyme trong qu trnh ch bin.

gi tht qu v dch bo ca sn phm necta xoi n nh khng b hin

tng kt lng tht qu gy trng thi bt n nh trong qu trnh bo qun v

s dng bng cch s dng cc cht n nh ngoi nhp. Tuy nhin gi thnh
cao.
Trn th gii v Vit Nam c nhiu nghin cu ng dng cc ph gia
nhm n nh trng thi ca nc qu dng c. Nm 1999, Ashourian n
nh cc sn phm nc qu, pur qu bi tinh bt bin hnh v xanthangum.
Gn y nht, nm 2006, Croak, Sarah, Corredig, Milena kho st vai tr ca
pectin trong n nh trng thi nc cam.
Ti Vit Nam, in hnh l nghin cu ca TS. L Th Lin Thanh ng
dng c mt s cht ph gia v cht in ly nhm n nh trng thi ca cc
sn phm dng lng. Tuy nhin Vit Nam hin nay c mt cng trnh nghin
cu v vic ng dng tinh bt photphat lm ph gia n nh trng thi ca Necta
xoi. Vic s dng tinh bt photphat lm cht ph gia n nh trng thi ca
Necta xoi gip h gi thnh sn phm, tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm,
tng tnh cnh tranh ca sn phm trn th trng ng thi thc y tn dng
v khai thc ngun nguyn liu tri cy nhit i phong ph, a dng ca nc
ta hin nay.

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GVHD:Trn Vn

PHN II: PATE GAN HEO

I. MC CH:
- Gip sinh vin thc hnh lm quen vi cc cng ngh ch bin sn phm,
tp thao tc ng cc cng on ch bin. to ra sn phm thm ngon, dinh
dng v an ton.
- Gip sinh vin thc hnh kh nng tnh ton, d tr nguyn liu, dng c
thit b cho qu trnh sn xut, tnh c gi thnh sn phm.
II. TNG QUAN:
Pate gan l mn rt d n v thun tin trong cc ba sng cho nhng ngi
vi v i lm hoc thnh thi i du lch, pat gan c cc u bp chng ta ch
bin mang hng v, mu sc rt Vit.( Pat gan - tm hn Vit- vietbao.vn)
Vit Nam l mt th trng rt a dng v chng loi sn phm tht, vi k
thut ch bin phong ph v a dng.
Vi nm gn y, th trng thc phm ch bin, s ch ca Vit Nam ang
c tc pht trin t 20- 40% mi nm. Trong cuc sng hin i, thc phm ch
bin sn l nhng sn phm i lin vi i sng hng ngy ca mi gia nh. L sn
phm tin s dng, an ton v dinh dng, ng thi c nhiu kch c, khi lng
v gi tin ph hp vi tng ngi tiu dng, v d cc sn phm hp.
Pate gan heo cng l mt loi sn phm hp c ch bin t cc nguyn
liu nh : gan heo, tht heo, da heo. L sn phm dinh dng, an ton v thm ngon.
1. Nguyn liu:
Gan heo, da heo, thit heo nac/m, trng, protein u nnh, Carrageenan,
hanh kh , mui, ng, nc tht luc, hung liu, hat tiu, bt ngt.
Cc nguyn liu chnh :
Gan heo: dng sn xut pat c th l gan ti hay gan lm lnh ng
nhng u phi m bo tiu chun c mu g sn, khng dp nt v khng
c mu vng ca nc mt.
Tht: dng trong ch bin phi m bo yu cu cht lng, khng dng tht
b bnh.
Da: S dng da ln ti c ly ngay sau khi git m hoc sau khi pha lc.
Da phi c mu trng v khng dnh hay st lng
Trng: sn xut pate c th dng trng g hay trng vt u c nhng
phi m bo cht lng tt. Trng phi ti khng b dp v.

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GVHD:Trn Vn

1.1. Ngun gc:

i vi gan heo, tht heo, da heo v trng g mua t siu th.
1.2. Thnh phn :
Gan
Thnh phn
Gi tr (%)
Nc
71,4
Tro
1,5
Cht bo
3,6
Cht ha tan
4,7
Protein
18,8
Protein hon thin
17,6
Collagen 1,1
Elastin 0,04
Ngoi ra gan cn chc mt lng hematocuprein (cha 0,24% ng vitamin
nhm B, trong s ny c vitamin B12 v A) v 12 mgFe/100 gan.
Tht:
Nc
: 72 75%
Protein : 18 25%
Lipid
: 3 4%
Khong : 1 1,7%
Vitamine : c nhiu loi nh: B1, B2,B6, K, E, PP
Trng:
Lng : chim khong 30% khi lng ton qu trng, c thnh
phn ha hc nh sau:
Nc
: 47 50 %
Protid : 15 17 %
Lipid
: 27 36 %
Glucid : 0,7 1%
Khong : 0,7 1,6%
Ngoi ra trong lng cha nhiu loi vitamin (tr vitamin C)
Lng trng: chim khong 60% khi lng ton qu trng c thnh
phn ha hc nh sau:
Nc
: 86 88%
Protid : 10,5 12,3%
Lipid
: 0,3%
Glucid : 0,5 0,9%
Khong : 0,3 0,6%
Protein khng hon thin

2. Sn phm :

Sn phm trn th trng :

Hin nay, trn th trng c rt nhiu loi sn phm pate khc nhau, c sn
phm trong nc v ngoi nc: nh l pate gan ( heo, b, ngng .. ), pate tht,

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GVHD:Trn Vn

pate dm bng .. vi cc khi lng khc nhau, ph hp vi tng nhu cu ca

ngi tiu dng.

Pat Hneff Pork (80g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Nc ngoi / Trng lng (g): 80 /

Pat Vissan tht heo (397g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Nc ngoi / Trng lng (g): 397 /

Pate Hnaff gan heo (130g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Nc ngoi / Trng lng (g): 130 /

H Long Pat gan (185g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Vit Nam / Trng lng (g): 185 /

Vissan Pate gan heo (170g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Vit Nam / Trng lng (g): 170 /

libby's chicken Vienna Sausage(142g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Nc ngoi / Trng lng (g): 142 /

Libby's Vienna Sausage in BBQ sauce (142g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Nc ngoi / Trng lng (g): 142 /

Pat Hnaff dm bng v hun khi (130g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Nc ngoi / Trng lng (g): 130 /

Pat Hnaff heo (170g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Nc ngoi / Trng lng (g): 170 /

Pat Hnaff pt de Foie(130g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Nc ngoi / Trng lng (g): 130 /

Pat Hnaff Rillettes l'lancienne (130g)

Loi hp: Pate, xc xch / Xut x: Nc ngoi / Trng lng (g): 130 /

(Ngun www.vatgia.com)
Sn phm ch bin :
- c ch bin vi cc nguyn liu chnh nh : gan heo, tht heo, da heo.
- C khi lng tnh 170gr.

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Bo co thc hnh nhm 39

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GVHD:Trn Vn

- Sn phm : c mu nu xm.
- C hng thm c trng ca pate.
III. CNG NGH CH BIN PATE GAN
1. Ha cht :Cc cht ph gia s dng trong sn phm pate:
Acid sorbic : l cht c chc nng bo qun, chng oxy ho, v n
nh sn phm.
Carrageenan : l cht c chc nng lm dy, nh ho, v n nh sn
phm.
Tinh bt l cht n, nh ho, n nh v lm dy.
Mononatri glutamat : l cht c chc nng iu v.
2. Dng c v thit b:
Thau
R
Tht
Dao
Xoong
Hp ng
My xay
Bp ga
Thit b ghp np
Thit b hp thanh trng

: 2 ci
: 2 ci
:1 ci
: 2ci
: 1ci
: 4ci
: 1ci
: 1ci
: 1ci
: 1ci

3. Nguyn vt liu: S liu trong ch bin :

Gan heo
: 150 gr
Tht nc
: 280 gr
Tht m
:190 gr
Da heo
: 100 gr
Trng
: 70 gr
Tinh bt
: 100gr
Carrageenan
: GMP
Hnh kh
: 13 gr
Acid sorbic
: 3 gr
Mui n
: 10 gr
ng
: 4 gr
Bt ngt
: GMP
Tiu
: 1.7 gr
Nc luc tht
: 80 gr
Hng liu
: 1 gr
Cch tnh :
Tnh theo t l % so vi 1kg tng nguyn ph liu.
4. Qui trnh cng ngh.
4.1. S quy trnh cng ngh:

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Bo co thc hnh nhm 39

Dng
Ht g,
Tinh bt,
nc luc
tht

GVHD:Trn Vn

M heo

Lm sch

Tht heo
nc

Gan heo

Lm sch

Lm sch

Ct ming

Ct ming

Ct ming

Xay

Xay

Xay

Phi trn
ng
Mui,
Tiu

Xay ln 2

Carrageenan
Acid sorbic
Hng pat
Hnh kh.
M chnh

Hn hp

Vo hp

Hp s b
Ghp m

Thanh
trng
Thn
h
ph
m

4.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh:

1. Lm sch :
Nguyn liu : gan heo, tht heo,v da heo c mang i ra sch bng nc
sch m bo nguyn liu sch trc khi ch bin.

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GVHD:Trn Vn

i vi gan: phi c lc ht gn trng, cung gan v ng ng dn mt ,

mu ng.Lc b nhng phn b thm en hay thm dch mt mu xanh en,
sau em ra bng nc.Yu cu mu gan sau khi x l phi ng nht .

i vi da: c s dng nh mt ph gia to cu trc v cht n

cho sn phm nhm tit kim nguyn liu chnh nh gan v tht. Da c
tch ra khi khi tht trong qu trnh phn lai tht v c a i chn, mc
ch l lm thay i tnh cht c l, to iu kin cho qu trnh xay v bm
nhuyn.Yu cu sau khi chn: Da c chn trong nc si thi gian t 15
20 pht phi chn 70-80 %
2. Ct ming :
a i bo qun lnh. Nguyn liu s c lm lnh nhanh hn l
ming ln v i nhanh vo bn trong nguyn liu trnh s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
ng thi chun b cho qu trnh xay tip theo, sn phm khi xay khng b chy
nc.
3. Xay :
Nguyn liu tht, gan, da, hnh ti u qua qu trnh xay. L qu trnh c hc.
Thng tin hnh xay ring tng lai nhng yu cu cng ngh nh nhau. Xay to
iu kin cho cho qu trnh bm nhuyn v trn u cc cu t. y ta s tin
hnh xay nhiu ln sn phm t kch thc nh mong mun.
4. Phi trn :
u tin ta s phi trn ba nguyn liu gan heo, tht heo v da heo va xay
li vi nhau. Ta thu c hn hp nguyn liu chnh.
Sau ta tin hnh phi trn cc nguyn liu ph, ph gia v gia v vo nh:
trng g, tinh bt, nc luc tht, carrageenan, acid sorbic, hng pat, hnh kh,
m chnh, ng, mui, tiu.
Tinh bt b sung vo hn hp nh tng nhm mc ch:
oH gi thnh sn phm
oHp th mt lng nc
Di tc dng ca nhit to ra dng gel gia tng kh nng kt dnh, ngn
chn hin tng ng ti m.
Tuy nhin, vic s dng tinh bt vo sn phm l c gii hn, nu qu nhiu
chng s to mi cho sn phm, lm gim cht lng.

Carrageenan : cho vo c tc dng lm dy, nh ho, n nh

sn phm.

Acid sorbic : cho vo c tc dng chng oxy ho, n nh sn

phm.

Hng pate : to hng cho sn phm.

Mui NaCl c b sung vo c tc dng:

oTo v cho sn phm
o C kh nng to p sut thm thu, lm gim aw do ngn cn
s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.

ng b sung vo c tc dng :
o
Lm du mm sn phm, tr gip qu trnh gi mu
ca tht do ng c tnh kh, s kh Fe3+ thnh Fe2+.

M chnh : To v cho sn phm.

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GVHD:Trn Vn

Trong qu trnh xay c b sung bo vo trong hn hp tht xay nhm h

nhit ca khi tht xung di 100C gi cu trc dai, chc ca khi nguyn liu.
5. Xay ln 2 :
Cc nguyn liu sau khi c phi trn em xay li, xay nhm to iu kin
cho qu trnh trn u cc thnh phn mt cch d dng. Hn hp nguyn liu em
xay s c bm nhuyn tng mn ca pat, tng ng u v kh nng lin
kt ca cc cu t.
Yu cu sau khi xay hn hp khi sn phm thu c phi mn v ng u.
6.Vo hp :
Cho khi sn phm sau khi xay nhuyn vo hp ng yu cu v trng
lng, khi tht phi nm trn trong hp khng dnh ln thnh hp.
7. Hp s b :
Mc ch ca qu trnh hp l lm thay i tnh cht c l ca sn phm, tng
gi tr cm quan v tiu dit vi sinh vt c trong sn phm, lm chn sn phm trong
thi gian 30 60 pht.Thc hin qu trnh hp bng hi nhit 1210C
ng thi bi kh cn hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt hiu kh tn ti
trong hp, hn ch s n mn st ty.
8. Ghp m :
Nhm mc ch lm kn sn phm, trnh tip xc vi oxi.
9. Thanh trng :
nhit 1210C trong 20 pht. Nhm tiu dit vi sinh vt v gi cht lng sn
phm.
IV. NHN XT- KT LUN:
1. Nhn xt tnh cht cm quan ca sn phm:
Sn phm ca nhm c mu ti, tng i mn, gia v nm va phi
khng qu mn thch hp vi mi khu v
Qua qu trnh thc hnh ch bin sn phm nhm em rt ra mt s li
trong qu trnh xy dng cng ch bin sn phm pate gan v thao tc thc
hnh.
Sn phm ca nhm sau khi hp xong khong 60 pht sau m np th c hin
tng ng kh trong hp, do trong qu trnh ch bin khng c cng on bi kh.
2. Tnh gi thnh sn phm:
Gi ca nguyn vt liu :
Gan : 150gr . Vi gi : 4000 ng/100gr.
Thnh tin : 6000 ng.

Tht heo nc : 280gr . Vi gi : 7000 ng/100gr.

Thnh tin : 19600 ng.

Tht m : 190gr . Vi gi : 2000 ng/100gr.

Thnh tin : 3800 ng.

Da : 100gr. Vi gi : 2000 ng/100gr.

Thnh tin : 2000 ng.

Trng g : 70gr (= 1qu trng).

Thnh tin : 1600 ng.
Tng cc nguyn liu ph, ph gia v gia v : 3000 ng.
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Bo co thc hnh nhm 39

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GVHD:Trn Vn

Hp ng : 2500 ng/1lon. Thnh tin :2500*4 = 10000 ng.

Tng thnh tin ca nguyn vt liu :
6000 + 19600 + 3800 + 2000 +1600 + 3000 + 10000 = 46000 ng.
S lng sn phm thu c l : 4hp.
Mi hp c khi lng tnh: 170gr ( gm : 150gr sn phm + 20gr hp ng)
Vy chi ph cho 1 hp sn phm cha tnh gi in, gi bao b, gi nhn cng, khu
hao my mc, cng vn chuyn, bn hng,l : 46000 / 4 = 11500 ng.
Gi thnh ca 1hp sn phm ca cc cng ty trn th trng l Vissan 11500 ng
hp 170gr
So vi sn phm th trng th sn phm ca chng em c gi cao hn. Do cc
nguyn nhn :
Quy m sn xut nh, khi lng nguyn liu t, hiu sut thu hi thp ( nh trong
qu trnh ch bin th nhm chng em xay nguyn liu u tin nn sn phm b gi
li bn trong my xay nhiu )
Ngun nguyn vt liu mua t vi gi bn l nn gi thnh cao.

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GVHD:Trn Vn

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Cc qu trnh cng ngh c bn trong sn xut thc phm.

PGS.PTS Trn Minh Tm.
NXB Trng trung hc cng nghip thc phm TP.HCM (1997)
2. Cng ngh bo qun v ch bin rau qu.
PGS.TS L Vn Tn.
NXB Khoa hc k thut (2008)
3. Danh mc cc cht ph gia c php s dng trong thc phm
(Quyt nh s 3742/2001/Q-BYT ngy 31/8/2001 ca B trng B Y T)
NXB H Ni (2001)
4. www.vietbao.vn
www.vatgia.com
www.suckhoe360.com
www.thucpham&doisong
www.google.com.vn

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GVHD:Trn Vn

MC LC
Li m u..........................................................................................................1
PHN 1: NECTA XOI
I. Mc ch.............................................................................................................2
II.Tng quan...........................................................................................................2
1. Nguyn liu........................................................................................................2
1.1. Ngun gc...................................................................................................2
1.2. Thnh phn..................................................................................................3
1.3. iu kin trng trt.....................................................................................3
1.4. Mt s ging xoi ph bin Vit Nam......................................................3
1.5. Phng pp thu hoch.................................................................................3
1.6. Phng php bo qun v vn chuyn.........................................................4
2.Sn phm............................................................................................................4
III. Cng ngh ch bin Necta xoi........................................................................4
3.1. Ha cht.........................................................................................................4
3.2. Dng c- thit b.............................................................................................5
3.3. Nguyn vt liu..............................................................................................5
3.4. Qui trnh ch bin...........................................................................................5
3.4.1 S qui trnh ch bin.........................................................................6
3.4.2 Thuyt minh qui trnh............................................................................6
3.5. Tiu ch nh gi cht lng xoi.................................................................10
IV. Nhn xt- kin ngh.........................................................................................11
4.1 Nhn xt....................................................................................................11
4.1.1 Tnh cht cm quan ca sn phm...................................................11
4.1.2 Gi thnh sn phm.........................................................................11
4.2 Kin ngh...................................................................................................12
PHN 2: PATE GAN HEO
I. M u...............................................................................................................14
II. Tng quan.........................................................................................................14
2.1 Nguyn liu................................................................................................14
2.1.1 Ngun gc............................................................................................14
2.1.2 Thnh phn...........................................................................................14
2.2 Sn phm....................................................................................................15
III. Cng ngh ch bin.........................................................................................16
3.1 Ha cht...................................................................................................16
3.2 Dng c- thit b.......................................................................................17
3.3 Nguyn vt liu........................................................................................17
3.4 Qui trnh cng nghip...............................................................................17
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GVHD:Trn Vn

3.4.1 S qui trnh.................................................................................18

3.4.2 Thuyt minh qui trnh......................................................................18
IV Nhn xt Kt lun..........................................................................................20
4.1 Nhn xt.....................................................................................................20
4.2 Gi thnh sn phm....................................................................................20
TI LIU THAM KHO
MC LC

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