CC B PHN C BN TRONG H THNG T NG

H Vit Bnh

MC TIU CHNG 2
+ Phn tch cu trc c bn ca h thng t ng v nhim v ca cc b phn chnh + Thit k cc thit b t ng n gin trong cng nghip v i sng

H Vit Bnh

NI DUNG CHNG 2
2.1-

CC V D V H THNG T NG 2.2- CU TRC C BN CA HTT 2.3- NHIM V CA CC B PHN CHNH 2.4- CM BIN 2.5- B PHN IU KHIN 2.6- B PHN CHP HNH 2.7- CNG C M T H THNG T NG
H Vit Bnh

2.1- V D: H THNG VN CHUYN V NG GI T NG

H Vit Bnh

MY PHN LOI KCH THC T NG

MACH IEU KHIEN

C CAU NG SAN PHAM C CAU TAC ONG

THUNG NG SP

H Vit Bnh

2.2- CU TRC C BN CA HTT

H Vit Bnh

2.3- Nhim v ca cc phn t chnh trong h thng t ng

1- Cm bin. 2- B phn x l tn hiu. 3- B phn chp hnh 4- B phn giao tip

H Vit Bnh

Nhim v ca cm bin
- Tip nhn cc tn hiu vo(trong ngnh c kh thng l tn hiu c, nhit) - Chuyn i cc tn hiu thnh cc i lng vt l khc (thng l tn hiu in) - Truyn cho mch iu khin (b phn x l tn hiu).
H Vit Bnh

ien nang
ai lng vat ly CAN PHAT HIEN BIEN OI AI LNG
Tn hieu ien cua ai lng vat ly TN HIEU CAN TRUYEN

ien nang
X L THONG TIN

BO CAM BIEN

BO X LY

H Vit Bnh

Nhim v ca b phn x l thng tin (b phn iu khin)

- Thu nhn thng tin - X l thng tin: t hp, phn tch, so snh, phn phi - Xut lnh iu khin

H Vit Bnh

Nhim v ca b phn chp hnh

Phan t chap hanh se thc hien cac hoat ong nh: ong, m, ay, ngat cac chuyen ong cua cac bo phan may hay cac au lc thc hien nhiem vu cua mnh.

H Vit Bnh

2.4- CM BIN
1.

Cc thng s c trng ca cm bin. 2. Cu to cm bin 3. Phn loi cm bin 4. Cc loi cm bin thng dng.

H Vit Bnh

1- Cc thng s c trng ca cm bin

Min o. phn gii. . chnh xc v chnh xc lp. . tuyn tnh. Tc p ng ca cm bin

H Vit Bnh

Min o
Min o hay khong o ca cm bin l min gii hn bi gi tr cc i v gi tr cc tiu ca i lng cn o, m cm bin c th phn bit c trong khi vn m bo tuyn tnh yu cu . V d: Min o ca cm bin nhit .

H Vit Bnh

Mien o cua cam bien t : -10 +200

Do ng ie n

Bo chuyen oi nhiet o co au ra la dong ien ty le vi nhiet o

t2
B

t1 -250
H Vit Bnh

t3

t4 +500
Nhiet o t

-10

+200

 phn gii
+ Gi tr phn gii i vi mi cm

bin l s thay i ln nht ca ga tr o m khng lm gi tr u ra ca cm bin thay i. + Ni cch khc l gi tr c o c th thay i bng ln ca phn gii m khng lm thay i gi tr u ra ca cm bin. V d: phn gii ca cm bin nhit s.
H Vit Bnh

o phan giai cua cam bien nhiet o so

au ra la so bc tng ng vi nhiet o
6 5 2 1

o phan giai =+/- 0,25

5,25 5,50
H Vit Bnh

Nhiet o

o chnh xac o chnh xac lap o chnh xac cua cam bien c hieu nh o nhay cua cam bien va c nh ngha la s thay oi nho nhat cua ai lng can o the hien au ra cua cam bien (khai niem nay t dung). o chnh xac lap lai la mien gia tr au ra co the nhan c khi cam bien o cung mot gia tr au vao nhieu lan (khai niem nay H Vit Bnh thng dung).

o tuyen tnh Bo chuyen oi la ly tng khi ma

au ra tuyen tnh chnh xac vi ai lng o. Thc te khong co au o nao hoan hao nh the .

o tuyen tnh thng a ra vi mot

dai gia tr +/-cho cac tn hieu au ra cua cam bien Sai so ve o tuyen tnh khong phai tren toan bo mien o, co the cai thien bang cach chia t le trung tam cua mien o. (Hnh) H Vit Bnh

o phi tuyen cua cam bien ap lc

ien ap Mien o

V iem xa nhat ng thang ly tng au ra thc te cua cam bien Ap lc

H Vit Bnh

Toc o ap ng cua cam bien

Toc o ap ng cua cam bien cho biet tn hieu ra co theo kp s thay oi cua ai lng c o hay khong. Cam bien ap ng cang nhanh cang tot, ieu nay rat quan trong oi vi cac thiet b chuyen oi toc o cao nh robot, may cong cu ieu khien so. Cam bien phai c chon la phu H Vit Bnh hp vi ac tnh ong lc hoc cua

2- CAU TAO CAM BIEN

Bo phan bien oi tn hieu Tiep iem thn g m

Bo phan nhan tn hieu

H Vit Bnh

3- PHAN LOAI CAM BIEN

1.Phan loai theo tn hieu ra: co 3 dang tn hieu ra: - Tn hieu ON / OFF - Tn hieu tng t - Tn hieu so
011 010 001 000
H Vit Bnh

1 0

Tn hieu ON/OF F

Thi gian Tn hieu tng t

Tn hieu SO

20 mA

Goc quay

2500 Nhiet
o

4 - Cac loai cam bien

Cam bien v tr . Cam bien o nhiet o. Cam bien o ap suat va lu lng. Cam bien lc. Cam bien o van toc, gia toc. Cam bien o goc Cam bien o kch thc chi tiet.

H Vit Bnh

Cam bien xac nh v tr

Cam

bien tiem can. Cam bien quang ien .

H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cam bien v tr trong H Thng T ng

Sensor

PLC

Box Rejecter

Product

Product

Conveyer Motor

Sensor

PLC

Conveyer/ Rejecter

INPUT
H Vit Bnh

CONTROL

OUTPUT

Cm Bin Tim Cn
Vt Cm Bin

Cm Bin
Vt Cm Bin

Cm Bin

c im:
Pht hin vt khng cn tip xc. Tc p ng cao. u sensor nh c th lp nhiu ni. C th s dng trong mi trng khc nghit.
H Vit Bnh

Cm Bin Tim Cn

Loi

Loi

Cm ng T

in Dung

H Vit Bnh

Cam bien tiem can ien t

(inductive proximity sensor)
OI TNG VO CUON BAO VE DAY TN HIE U RA T TRNG TAO T TRNG BIEN OI

H Vit Bnh

bien tiem can ien t (inductive proximit

-Hnh

dang cam bien -Cach mac day -ng dung : Phat hien cac vat the bang kim loai, thng dung e khong che hanh trnh.

Khoang phat hien toi a : 10 mm, Nguon : 12-24VDC, 24-240VAC Co loai DC 2day, 3day hoac AC(2day).

H Vit Bnh

Khong Cch o - Cc Yu T nh Hng 1. Vt Liu i Tng (Material):

u Sensor Khong cch pht hin u Sensor

Vt Kim loi khng cha st (nhm, ng, ) Kim loi c t tnh (st, SUS, )
Iron

Vt

H Vit Bnh

Khong cch cm bin (mm)

Khong cch pht hin ca sensor ph thuc rt nhiu vo vt liu ca vt cm bin. Cc vt liu c t tnh hoc kim loi c cha st s c khong cch pht hin xa hn cc vt liu khng t tnh hoc khng cha st.

SUS Brass Aluminum Copper

dn ca vt

NHAN BIET CAC LOAI VAT LIEU

E2E

: PHAT HIEN SAT T E2EY : PHAT HIEN NHOM / ONG E2EV : PHAT HIEN TAT CA KIM LOAI E2F : CAM BIEN CO THE NGAM TRONG NC
H Vit Bnh

Khong Cch o - Cc Yu T nh Hng 2. Kch C Ca i Tng (Size):

Khong cch pht hin

u Sensor

u Sensor

Vt Kch thc vt ln Kch thc vt nh

Vt

Nu vt cm bin nh hn vt th chun (test object), khong cch pht hin ca sensor s gim.
H Vit Bnh

Khong Cch o - Cc Yu T nh Hng 3. B Dy Ca i Tng (Size):

Vi vt cm bin thuc nhm kim loi c t tnh (st, niken, ), b dy vt phi ln hn hoc bng 1mm.
Khong cch cm bin

u Sensor

dy vt Vt

Vi vt cm bin khng thuc nhm kim loi c t tnh, b dy ca vt cng mng th khong cch pht hin cng xa
H Vit Bnh

CAM BIEN TIEM CAN IEN DUNG (capacitive proximity sensor)

CAU TAO

oi tng can phat hien

Nguyen ly hoat ong

H Vit Bnh

Nguyn Tc Hot ng: Pht hin theo nguyn tc tnh in (s thay i in dung gia vt cm bin v u sensor), c th pht hin tt c vt.

Vt Cm Bin

H Vit Bnh

Nguyen ly hoat ong

CB

ien dung s dung vat the can phat hien nh mot cc cua tu ien. Khi vat the cang gan cam bien th dung lng cua tu cang cao . Ben trong co mach dung nguon DC tao dao ong cap cho cam bien dong, cam bien dong se a ra mot dong ien t le vi khoang cach gia hai tam cc.

H du VVit Bnh: cam bien ien dung o tiem

CAM BIEN TIEM CAN IEN DUNG

(capacitive proximity sensor)

-Hnh dang cam bien -Cach mac day -ng dung : -Phat hien moi vat the, -Co the phat hien vat the qua lp cach ly(khong phai la kim loai) nh nc trong thung nha, ong thuy tinh.
Khoang phat hien :3 - 25 mm, Nguon : 10-40VDC, 90 -250VAC

Ub

H Vit Bnh

NG DUNG CAM BIEN TIEM CAN

H Vit Bnh

NG DUNG CAM BIEN TIEM CAN

E2EV: La sensor phat hien c tt c cc vat bng kim loi u c th pht hin c s c mt ca cc lon mt cch chnh xc. Khong cch o ca sensor c th c t ti 10 mm. H Vit Bnh

NG DUNG CAM BIEN TIEM CAN

Pht hin np nhm mng trn chai nc

E2CY-C2A l sensor tim cn chuyn pht hin vt th bng nhm vi tin cy cao. Rt d ci t sensor, ch H Vit Bnh cn n nt TEACH trn b khuch i.

NG DUNG CAM BIEN TIEM CAN

Cc gi giy hay chng ln nhau. Lm sao pht hin?

E2C-T l loi cm bin tim cn c b khuych i ri c chc nng Teach. Chng ta c th set c chnh xc v tr im cn cm bin. Sensor c th phn H Vit Bnhbin c khong cch nh ti 0.1mm.

NG DUNG CAM BIEN TIEM CAN

Heat Sealing

OK

NG

S dng sensor tim cn c u ra analog (4 20mA) v b x l tn hiu thng minh K3- tnh rng. T c th bit c l c gia v trong H Vit Bnhnhm l cha. gi

NG DUNG CAM BIEN TIEM CAN

E2K-C l sensor tim cn cng sut ln c th pht hin c cht lng bn trong hp hay khng (pht hin rng ca Hp).
H Vit Bnh

NG DUNG CAM BIEN TIEM CAN

bt

iu chnh nhy

Dy ra

Cht lng

E2KQ-X10ME1 E2KQ : o mc cht lng Khng b nh hng bi bt kh nh chnh c nhy ca sensor

H Vit Bnh

o mc cht lng

H Vit Bnh

CAM BIEN QUANG LOAI PHAN XA

LOAI AU THU -PHAT

H Vit Bnh

Cu To V Nguyn Tc Hot ng

H Vit Bnh

Cu To V Nguyn Tc Hot ng LED u pht AMP

Dong ra

u thu

AMP

Photo-transistor
H Vit Bnh

Vt Th

Cu To V Nguyn Tc Hot ng

in p

in p

ON Mc ngng OFF

Cng sng Lng nh sng nhn v s c chuyn t l thnh tn hiu in p (hoc dng in) v sau c khuch i.
H Vit Bnh

Cng sng Sensor xut tn hiu ra bo c vt nu mc in p ln hn mc ngng

PHAN LOAI CAM BIEN QUANG

Thu Pht c Lp

Thu Pht Chung

Khuych Tn

H Vit Bnh

1. Thu Pht c Lp (Through Beam):

u pht

Khong cch pht hin

u thu

Vt
Pht hin vt

Mch pht sng

Thu knh
OFF ON

Thu knh

Diode pht quang

Vt th

Diode nhn quang

Mch nhn s

H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin Thu Pht c Lp:

E3S-C

Pht hin gy mi khoan

E3CE3C

Pht hin cc vt ln

E3C

Pht hin H Vit Bnh

linh kin in t

Pht hin cc vt nh

ng Dng Cm Bin Thu Pht c Lp:

Kim tra thuc

Pht hin sa trong hp giy

H Vit Bnh

Pht hin vt bng ngang qua

c im: - tin cy cao - Khong cch pht hin xa - Khng b nh hng bi b mt, mu sc vt

ng Dng Cm Bin Thu Pht c Lp:

E3Z-T61, vi tia sng mnh c th xuyn qua v bc giy bn ngoi v v vy c th pht hin c sa / nc tri cy ti thi im hin ti cng nh pht hin c mc ca cht lng ny.
H Vit Bnh

2. Thu Pht Chung (Retro Reflective):phan xa gng

Khong cch pht hin Sensor

Gng

Vt

Gng Thng

Gng MSR (Mirror Surface Rejection)

H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin Thu Pht Chung:

H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin Thu Pht Chung:

c im: - tin cy cao - Gim bt dy dn - E3S-R12 C th phn bit c vt trong sut, m, bng long
H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin Thu Pht Chung:

E3Z-B l loi sensor mi ca Omron chuyn dng nhn bit cc chai PET v chai trong sut. Bn cng c th dng model c l E3S-CR67 .
H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin Thu Pht Chung:

Nu s dng cc sensor thng pht hin chai PET trong th i lc khng n nh. Sensor E3Z-B c kh nng pht hin tt vi tin cy rt cao.
H Vit Bnh

3. Khuych Tn (Diffuse Reflective):

Sensor

Vt

E R

Sensor Vt
H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin Khuych Tn:

E3SC-V

E3T-FD1

E3SC-V

c im: - D lp t - B nh hng bi b mt, mu sc vt, nn,

H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin Khuych Tn:

Z4W-V l loi Laser sensor v n c th pht hin c chiu cao ca bnh c lm ra vi chnh xc ti vi micromet.
H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin Khuych Tn:

E3C-VM35R rt nh v c th pht hin vt th c kch thc nh n 0,2 mm. N cng phn bit c s khc bit rt nh v mu sc.
H Vit Bnh

3b. Cm Bin Quang Phn X Gii Hn (Limited Reflective):

Nn
B pht

B nhn

Vng pht hin

Trc thu

Trc pht
H Vit Bnh

Vt Nn

c im: - Ch pht hin vt trong vng pht hin gii hn. - Khng b nh hng bi mu nn sau vng cm bin. - L tng cho nhiu ng dng cn trit tiu nn

ng Dng Sensor Quang Phn X Gii Hn :

H Vit Bnh

3C. Cm Bin Quang t Khong Cch (Distance Settable):

vt PSD

Nh t c khong cch, nn c trit tiu

Dai ci t Vt

Sensor

Daicm bin H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin t Khong Cch:

E3S-CL

c im: Ch pht hin vt theo v tr t B thu s dng thit b nh v v tr (PSD), khng s dng transistor quang nn khng b nh hng bi mu nn, bng,

H Vit Bnh

E3G-L1 l sensor t c khong cch th h mi. N c th nhn bit c s khc bit rt nh v chiu cao. Sensor hot ng rt n nh v khng b nh hng bi mu sc, cht liu, nghing dc, bng v kch thc ca vt th.

pht hin c hoc khng c ng ht i km theo ung ng hp.

H Vit Bnh

Pht hin thiu nim phong bng cao su trn np chai l?

H Vit Bnh

Pht hin chai b thiu trong hp !

H Vit Bnh

Pht hin bao ng go c m trc khi bao ny ti my go vo bao.

E3G-L1 l sensor t khong cch th h mi. N cng c th pht hin c s khc nhau v cao cho d l rt nh mt cch chnh xc.
H Vit Bnh

Pht hin ko trn dy chuyn?

H Vit Bnh

Hnh dng ca vin ko khng ng qui cch v s c phn x t giy bc ko v mu ca giy bc cng thay i. E3G-L1 c chc nng t nn c th pht hin c vt th bng v g gh mu sc khc nhau vi tin cy cao.

Pht hin thc phm trong khay.

E3S-CL1 l sensor quang t c khong cch. C th de dng chnh c khong cch o.

H Vit Bnh

4. Cm Bin Mu (Color Sensor):

knh FAO knh

(, xanh l qua, xanh dng FAO phn x)

Thu knh thu

Vt

( qua, xanh l phn x)

LED LED LED xanh l xanh dng

Thu knh pht
Monitor photodiode

Cm bin mu pht cc nh sng (R), xanh l (G), xanh dng (B) ti vt cm bin, sau nhn nh sng phn x v, phn tch t l cc nh sng R, G, B phn bit mu ca vt.
H Vit Bnh

Bien oi tn hieu ra cua bo cam bien mau thanh so

H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin Pht Hin Mu:

c im: - tin cy cao. - D s dng. - C th dy cho cm bin bit mu ca vt (chc nng teach).
H Vit Bnh

 pht hin bn chi nh rng cc mu khc nhau.

E3MC l loi sensor mu v n rt d dng nhn bit cc mu theo yu cu.

H Vit Bnh

Cch Mc Ti u Ra
Loi NPN Open Collector Mch Ngoi Sensor
+V

Loi PNP Mch Ngoi Sensor

+V

Brown Ti emitter

Brown

collector

Output

Dng ti

Black
NPN transistor Dng ti

PNP Transistor

Black
Output

collector

Ti
0V

emitter
0V

Blue

Blue

c im:
1. C th s dung vi ti relay, PLC v cc mch Logic. 2. Thi gian p ng nhanh 3. Bnh H VitBn

c im:
1. Tng t nh loi NPN 2. c s dng trong cac cam bien sn xut Chu u 3. C bo v ngn mch ti

Cch Mc Cm Bin Vi PLC

Loi DC 3 dy NPN

out

24VDC 01 02

COM

PLC

out

24VDC

COM
01 02

PLC Loi H Vit Bnh DC 3 dy PNP

1. Nguyn Tc Hot ng:

Li
(c h s khc x ln)
LED Si quang

CAM BIEN SI QUANG

Lp sn bao ph
(c h s khc x nh)

Khong 60

2. Cu To:

u sensor Amplifie H Vit Bnh

ng Dng Cm Bin Si Quang

c im: - Hot ng n nh trong mi trng khc nghit, nhit cao - D lp t, ch cn khng gian nh - C th pht hin cc vt nh
H Vit Bnh

 pht hin s c mt ca nhn rt bng trn my dn nhn.

Mt sensor truyn thng khng th pht hin c chnh xc vt th c phn x ( bng ) cao nh vy. OMRON sng ch c loi sensor cng ngh cao pht hin c vt th bng l sensor c m hiu E3X-NL11 v E32-S15L-1.
H Vit Bnh

Pht hin thc phm cha bn trong hp.

E3X-DA-N vi E32-T17L do c tia sng rt mnh nn c th pht hin c c bn trong hp cha m c. y l loi sensor t s nn rt d t mc ngng.
H Vit Bnh

Xc nh v tr hng ca np chai

Nu chiu su ln hn 15mm th dng loi sensor gii hn khong cch E3T-SL11, cn neu chiu su ch l vi mm th dng loi E32L25.
H Vit Bnh

Cm Bin Thng Minh (Intelligent

Sensor)
S

dung cac bo vi x ly hay vi ieu khien ket hp vi cac loai cam bien khac nhau e tao ra mot loai cam bien mi goi la cam bien thong minh. Nh tnh nang cao cua vi x ly va cac phng phap o ma cam bien thong minh a nang cao o chnh xac, tang o tac ong nhanh, tnh on nh, o tuyen tnh, han che va loai bo cac yeu to anh hng en chung.

H Vit Bnh

CAU TRUC CUA MOT CAM BIEN THONG MINH

S1

Transmitter1

OJ S2

Transmitter2

Multiplexer(MUX)

A/D

S3

Transmitter3

H Vit Bnh

Cu To Cm Bin Thng Minh

Cm Bin Tim Cn

2 in 1

Cm Bin Thng Minh

Cm Bin Quang

H Vit Bnh

Nguyn Tc Hot ng
nh sng pht ra t ngun sng hi t v thu knh u pht v chiu ti vt. nh sng phn x t vt s n thit b cm nhn v tr (PSD) thng qua thu knh u thu. Nu v tr vt thay i, v tr hnh thnh nh trn PSD s thay i nn 2 ng ra A & B trn PSD thay i theo. Ng ra sensor s t l tuyn tnh vi s sai bit v khong cch, do s o c khong cch dch chuyn ca vt.

Mch li

Ngun sng Thu knh u pht Thu knh u thu

Lu :

V gi tr thu c khng phi l sng m

Vt
*PSD: Thit b cm nhn v tr H Vit Bnh

l dch chuyn ca A & B nn nu vt di chuyn lm cng sng thu v thay i th kt qu thu c vn khng b nh hng.

ng Dng Cm Bin Thng Minh

Pht hin np l thuc b lng.

Z4LB-V2 ca sensor thng minh ZX-LT vi tia laser song song c th pht hin c np l b lng chnh xc ti vi micromet.
H Vit Bnh

H Vit Bnh

Track

a code

Trc ca encoder

Tn hiu s xut ra

1 hoc nhiu b pht quang (LED)

Cc b nhn quang (photo-transistor)

Bao gm mt a plastic hoc thy tinh quay gia mt/nhiu ngun pht sng (LED) v mt/ nhiu photo-transistor nhn quang. a c m ha vi cc phn hnh qut sng v ti xen k nhau xung c th c to ra khi a quay.
H Vit Bnh

Loi 1: Incremental Encoder

Xung xut ra c m cung cp v tr quay ca encoder. Mi incremental step s xut ra mt xung tng ng.
Phototransistor thu Trc a quay Code track
A B Z

LED pht

Knh A Knh B

Dng 2 xung A v B nhn bit chiu quay ca encoder. Nu xung

A ln 1 trc xung B, encoder ang quay chiu thun v ngc li. Xung Z ln 1 khi encoder quay gip 1 vng.

H Vit Bnh

b)

c) z d) a)

Hnh 2.10 Nguyen ly lam viec cua encoder tang dan

e)

H Vit Bnh

Loi 2: Absolute Encoder

Absolute

encoder gm nhiu b nhn quang (c th ti a ti gn 20 track). ng vi mi v tr ca encoder c mt tn hiu ra nh phn vi sai xc nh chnh xc v tr trc ca encoder. Vi absolute encoder, thng tin v v tr vn khng thay i ngay c khi tt v bt ngun encoder tr li.
H Vit Bnh

Loi 2: Absolute Encoder

H Vit Bnh

Mt S Lu Khi Chn Encoder

1. Loi Encoder cn s dng:

Rotary encoder
Incremental encoder: o v tr tng i ca encoder so vi v tr cui cng Mt thng tin v tr khi cp in ng dng in hnh: iu chnh tc , v tr ca bng chuyn
H Vit Bnh

Linear encoder
Absolute encoder: Xut ra mt s duy nht ti mi v tr khi encoder quay Thng tin v v tr khng mt khi cp in ng dng in hnh: iu khin cnh tay robot.

2. Encoder loi absolute hay incremental:

ng Dng Encoder

o chiu di ca vt
H Vit Bnh

CAM BIEN LASER

Gng phan xa Gng nghieng

Phan thu

oi tng phan xa

H Vit Bnh

CAM BIEN TAI TRONG

1- CAM BIEN BIEN DANG

ien tr Tenzo : a) dang day; b) dang li mang

Tam tenzo
H Vit Bnh

Cam bien bien dang da tren hieu ng tenzo, khi chieu dai day ien tr thay oi t L en L+ L th ien tr day thay oi R+ R. o nhay cua cam bien c anh gia bang t so : k = (R+ R)/ (L+ L).
H Vit Bnh

CAU TAO CAM BIEN TAI TRONG

LOAD R1 R2

a) R3
US+

R4
US+

R3
UM+

R2
UMUM+

R3

R2
UM-

R1
US-

R4

R1
US-

R4

Unloaded LC b)

Loaded LC c)

Hnh 2.19 Load Cell va mach cau chuyen oi

H Vit Bnh

Cac kieu Load Cell

H Vit Bnh

NG DUNG CUA LOAD CELL

Materi al silos

Valves
Process control

Batching hopper Load Cell C.J.B . PC

Printer

a)

PR 1713/00

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NG DUNG CUA LOAD CELL

Card Reader
TRUCK ID

Large Figure Display

PHILIPS

1730 Kg

4380 kg

Traffic Barrier

Load Cell

Serial I/O Serial I/O PC

b)

Process control

Printer PR 1713/00 Hnh 2.21 ng dung cua Load Cell

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2- CAM BIEN AP IEN O LC

Lo xo d ng lc

au ra ien ap am au ra ien ap dng F

Tinh the thach anh

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Cam bien ap ien hay c s dung e o cac lc mot thanh phan . Di tac ong cua lc lam xuat hien ien ap tren hai mat phang vuong goc vi lc tac dung.(hnh)

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Cam bien o nhiet o

Nhiet

o la ai lng ch co the o gian tiep tren c s tnh chat cua vat lieu phu thuoc vao nhiet o. Tnh chat o la khi nhiet o tac dung vao vat lieu thay oi th o dan ien cua vat lieu hay ien tr cua chung thay oi theo. e che tao cac bo cam bien nhiet o ngi ta s dung nhieu nguyen ly khac nhau nh cac nhiet ien tr; nhiet ngau; phng phap quang da tren phan bo pho bc xa do dao ong nhiet

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Cam bien o nhiet o

1. ien tr kim loai. 2. Nhiet ien tr 3. Cam bien ban dan.

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Nguyen l cua cam bien ien tr kim loai

Cam

bien ien tr kim loai RTD (Resitive Temperature Detector) la loai cam bien ma nhiet o tang th ien tr tang. Kim loai dung e che tao cam bien co the la platin, niken , ong hay volfram.Cac cam bien platin co mien o kha rong vi nhiet o t -200C en 1000C .

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Cam bien ien tr kim loai

Dong ien

Nhiet o
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Cau tao cua cam bien ien tr kim loai Day platin Ong platin

Day noi at

vo

S cach ien Xi mang

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Nhiet ien tr
Nhiet

ien tr la loai cam bien nhiet o ma khi nhiet o tang th ien tr giam. Cac nhiet ien tr thong thng c che tao t cac oxt ban dan a tinh the nh: MgO, MgAl2O4, Mn2O3, Fe3O4, Co2O3, NiO, ZnTiO4. Mien o phu thuoc vao loai nhiet ien tr, co the t -273 C en 300 C.

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Nhiet ien tr
Dong ien

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V DU

Nhiet o

CAM BIEN IEU KHIEN NHIET O LO NUNG

Nhiet ien tr Cau o

R le ieu khien
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Cam bien ban dan

ien ap

Nhiet o

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HE THONG IEU KHIEN NHIET O DUNG VI X LY.

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Cam bien o ap suat

o ap suat la o lc tac dung trong moi trng an hoi , da tren s chenh lech ap suat gia hai vung ke can nhau . Khi s dung cac loai cam bien trang b them c cau chuyen oi tn hieu v tr thanh tn hieu ap lc tng ng.

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Nguyen ly lam viec

Nguyen

ly lam viec chung cua cac cam bien ap suat la da tren c s bien dang an hoi cua cac phan t nhay vi ap suat . S bien dang an hoi o se lam di chuyen mot bo phan c hoc t o dan en s thay oi cua ien tr, ien dung hay ien ap. Trc het ta tm hieu cac phan t nhay cam o.

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Mot so phan t nhay ap suat

o ap suat dang lo xo . o ap suat dang mang. o ap suat dang ong thong nhau . o ap suat can thang bang hnh vanh khan.

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Cam bien ap suat dang lo xo

Can di ong

Can di ong

Ap suat p
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Ap suat p

Cam bien ap suat dang mang

V DU

Ap suat p

Can di ong

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Cam bien ap suat dang ong thong nhau

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Cam bien ap suat dang can thang bang hnh vanh khan

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CAM BIEN AP SUAT VI CUON CAM VI SAI

MACH VI SAI NGUO N

KHUECH AI

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CAM BIEN MANG

Cam bien o ap suat

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C = .S/( + o)

W 2 0 s L=

Cam bien o vong quay

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Dung cam bien t tr bien thien

Khi a quay t tr cua mach t cuon day bien thien mot cach tuan hoan lam xuat hien trong cuon day mot suat ien ong co tan so t le vi toc o quay .

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Toc o ke quang
Thau knh au thu

au phat

Pham vi cua toc o o phu thuoc vao hai yeu to : -So lng lo tren a . H Vit Bnh -Thong so au quang va mach

Cam bien o kch thc chi tiet

CAM

BIEN KH NEN-IEN TIE CAM BIEN IEN CAM. MOT SO MACH IEN NG DU

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CAM BIEN KH NEN-IEN TIEP XUC

p P1
Khe hep

Mang an hoi

P1 s
o th quan he p1 - s
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au o

V du

Vat can o

CAM BIEN KH NEN-IEN TIEP XUC VI SAI

Nguyen ly hoat ong : Khong kh loc sach i qua hai tiet dien can (1,2) Nhanh phai co au phun (4) gi cho ap suat khong oi . Nhanh trai co au o (5) bien oi ap suat do s thay oi kch thc cua chi tiet .

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Khi kch thc chi tiet thay oi lam thay oi

CAM BIEN IEN CAM

Nguyen ly: Da vao hien tng cam ng ien t, khi thay oi th L thay oi theo cong thc sau:

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V DU

CAM BIEN IEN CAM VI SAI

Nguyen ly hoat ong Khi cho chi tiet co kch thc x i qua, au o se tnh tien len, xuong tuy theo kch thc chi tiet, lam thay oi khe t .

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MACH O KCH THC HNH HOC DUNG CAM BIEN IEN CAM

Mach th

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MACH O CHIEU DAY DUNG CAM BIEN IEN CAM

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CAM BIEN SIEU AM (Ultrasonic Sensor)

Cam bien sieu am gom hai bo phan : phat sieu am (ultrasonic emitter), thu sieu am (ultrasonic receiver). May phat sieu am co tan so nam trong khoang 65 kHz va 400kHz tuy theo chung loai sensors ; song phan hoi co bc song trong khoang 14 Hz en 140 Hz tuy theo mc o phan xa cua oi tng

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NG DUNG CAM BIEN SIEU AM

- Kiem tra mc chat long hoac chat ran trong cac bon. - Kiem tra vet nt cac moi noi bang han, kiem tra cac vet nt te vi. - Theo doi va phat hien loi trong qua trnh san xuat vai va giay (ac biet la nhng cho noi). - Cam bien sieu am con s dung trong nhieu lnh vc khac nh y hoc, hoa hoc, che tao H Vit Bnh thiet b cong nghiep

He thong ma vach
Trong

cac he thong san xuat t ong, ngi ta co the nhan dang cac chi tiet ong, cung nh trong cac he thong phan loai va kiem nh hang hoa, ngay nay thng s dung he thong ma vach (Bar Code).

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Cac thanh phan chnh cua he thong ma vach

-

Ma vach c in tren san pham. - May quet ma vach hay but quang dung e chuyen thong tin t ma vach sang tn hieu anh sang. - Bo giai ma chuyen tn hieu anh sang sang tn hieu ien va bien dch thanh ma ASCII. - Bo giao dien chuyen ma ASCII ve may tnh PC e x ly tiep.
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Cac loai ma vach

Hnh 2.34 Cac loai ma vach

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Cac loai ma vach

Hnh 2.35 Hnh 2.36

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