B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn Tng cc Lm nghip -----------------

Bo co d n iu tra nh gi tnh trng bo tn cc loi thc vt rng nguy cp, qu him thuc danh mc ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP theo vng sinh thi n v thc hin: Trung tm Ti nguyn v Mi trng Lm nghip Vin iu tra Quy hoch Rng

H Ni, thng 12 nm 2010

B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn Tng cc Lm nghip -----------------

Bo co d n iu tra nh gi tnh trng bo tn cc loi thc vt rng nguy cp, qu him thuc danh mc ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP theo vng sinh thi n v thc hin: Trung tm Ti nguyn v Mi trng Lm nghip Vin iu tra Quy hoch Rng
Thnh vin thc hin d n: Phm Quc Hng, Nguyn Huy Dng, Nguyn Quc Dng, L c Thanh, L Mnh Tun, Nguyn Mnh Hng, Trn Vn H, Nguyn Th Hng

H Ni, thng 12 nm 2010

Mc lc t vn ...................................................................................................................1 Phn I: Tng quan v chnh sch v thc trng qun l thc vt nguy cp qu him Vit Nam.........................................................................................................3
1. Vn bn chnh sch ......................................................................................................... 3 2. Cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him trong Ngh nh 32/2006 CP ....................... 4

Phn II: Mc tiu, i tng v phng php........................................................8

1. Mc tiu ............................................................................................................................... 8 2. i tng v phm vi iu tra.......................................................................................... 8 3. Ni dung v phng php............................................................................................... 9 3.1. Ni dung iu tra............................................................................................................ 9 3.2. Phng php ............................................................................................................... 10 3.2.1. Chun b v k tha ti liu .................................................................................... 10 3.2.2. Phng php iu tra thc a............................................................................. 11 3.2.3. Tng hp, phn tch s liu xy dng bo co................................................... 15

Phn III: Kt qu iu tra, nh gi ......................................................................18

1. Phn b cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him ti cc VQG v KBT ...................... 18 2. Tnh trng qun l bo v v cc hot ng bun bn thc vt nguy cp qu him................................................................................................................................... 20 2.1. Bo v nguyn v (insitu).......................................................................................... 20 2.2. Bo tn chuyn v (Exitu) ............................................................................................. 21 2.3 Hot ng khai thc bun bn thc vt nguy cp qu him .............................. 23 3. c im v tnh trng cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him ............................. 26

Phn IV: Kt lun v xut..................................................................................92

1. Kt lun ............................................................................................................................... 92 2. xut................................................................................................................................ 93 2.1. Mt s gii php qun l cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him ......................... 93 2.2. B sung cho danh mc cc loi thc vt trong Ngh nh 32............................. 94

Ti liu tham kho....................................................................................................99 Ph Lc 1: Danh sch cc chuyn gia tham gia vo d n ................................101 Ph lc 2: M t c im cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him.......................102 Ph lc 3: Danh lc thc vt nguy cp qu him theo Ngh nh 32 ti mt s khu rng c dng .................................................................................................196 Ph Lc 4: Bn phn b mt s loi thc vt quy cp qu him...............2222

Bng ch dn theo tn khoa hc

Abies delavayi fansipanensis 30, 107 Afzelia xylocarpa 63, 151 Anoectochilus spp 41, 121 Asarum spp 61, 147 Berberis julianae 35, 113 Berberis wallichiana 37, 114 Calocedrus macrolepis 45, 127 Calocedrus rupestris 47, 129 Cephalotaxus mannii 44, 125 Cinnamomum balansae 75, 169 Cinnamomum glaucescens 76, 171 Cinnamomum parthenoxylon 77, 173 Codonopsis javanica 68, 159 Coptis chinensis 39, 118 Coptis quinquesecta 40, 119 Coscinium fenestratum 78, 175 Cunninghamia konishii 54, 140 Cupressus torulosa 26, 102 Cycas spp 56, 142 Dalbergia cochinchinensis 70, 163 Dalbergia oliveri 72, 165 Dalbergia torulosa 38, 116 Dendrobium nobile 87, 192 Diospyros salletii 38, 115 Disporopsis longifolia 84, 186 Erythrophloeum fordii 65, 153 Excentrodendron torulosa 82, 184

Fibraurea tinctoria 79, 177 Fokienia hodginsii 48, 131 Garcinia fagraeoides 69, 161 Glyptostrobus pensilis 33, 112 Keteleeria davidiana 90, 195 Keteleeria evelyniana 49, 133 Lilium brownii 85, 188 Markhamia stipulata 62, 149 Nervilia spp 88, 193 Panax bipinnatifidum 58, 143 Panax stipuleanatus 59, 144 Panax vietnamensis 60, 145 Paphiopedilum spp 42, 123 Pinus dalatensis 50, 134 Pinus krempfii 51, 136 Pinus kwangtungensis 31, 108 Polygonatum kingianum 86, 190 Pseudotsuga brevifolia 91, 195 Pterocarpus macrocarpus 73, 167 Sindora siamensis 66, 155 Sindora torulosa 67, 157 Stephania spp 80, 179 Taiwania cryptomerioides 27, 104 Taxus chinensis 53, 138 Taxus wallichiana 32, 110 Thalictrum foliolosum 81, 182 Xanthocyparis vietnamensis 28, 105

Bng ch dn theo tn Vit Nam

Bch i Loan 27, 104 Bch hp 85, 188 Bch vng 28, 105 Bch xanh 45, 127 Bch xanh 47, 129 Bnh vi 80, 179 Cm lai 70, 163 Cy mt l 88, 193 ng sm 68, 159 nh tng 44, 125 Du sam 49, 133 Ging hng 73, 167 G 63, 151 G hng 75, 169 G lau 67, 157 G mt 66, 155 Hinh vi 90, 195 Hong n 26, 102 Hong ng 79, 177 Hong lin chn g 40, 119 Hong lin gai 35, 113 Hong lin Trung Quc 39, 118 Hong mc 37, 114 Hong tinh hoa trng 84, 186 Hong tinh vng 86, 190 Lan hi 42, 123 Lan kim tuyn 41, 121

Lim xanh 65, 153 Mun sc 38, 115 Nghin 82, 184 P mu 48, 131 Re xanh phn 76, 171 Sa mc du 54, 140 Sm Ngc Linh 60, 145 Sm v dip 58, 143 Sa 38, 116 Tam tht hoang 59, 144 T tn 61, 147 Thch hc 87, 192 Thit inh 62, 149 Thit sam gi l ngn 91, 195 Th hong lin 81, 182 Thng Lt 50, 134 Thng bc 53, 138 Thng nam 32, 110 Thng l dt 51, 136 Thng nc 33, 112 Thng P c 31, 108 Trc 70, 163 Trai l 69, 161 Tu 56, 142 Vn Sam Phan xi png 30, 107 Vng ng 78, 175 V hng 77, 173

Li cm n c c bo co d n ny chng ti xin by t lng bit n ti Tng cc Lm nghip (B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn) ng h, gip trong sut qu trnh thc hin d n. Chng ti cng xin gi li cm n su sc ti cc Chi cc kim lm, Vn phng FFI, IUCN, Ban qun l cc khu rng c dng, Ban qun l cc khu rng phng h, chnh quyn v nhn dn a phng, ni chng ti tin hnh iu tra thc a thu thp thng tin cho bo co d n. Nhm nh gi cng xin gi li cm n c bit n ng V Vn Dng, Phan K Lc, Nguyn Tin Hip, Nguyn Tp, Trn Ngc Hi, Nguyn Thnh Mn, Trn Duy Hng, Phng Vn Ph, L Cnh Nam, Chu Dng, Xun Cm, Nguyn Vn Hnh trao i thng tin qu gi trong sut qu trnh thc hin d n. Nhm tc gi

t vn Lnh th Vit Nam nm trong vnh ai nhit i bn cu bc v c cha nhiu h sinh thi rng. Trong nhng nm na cui ca th k 20, din tch rng ca Vit Nam c nhng bin ng ng k; cht lng rng v gi tr a dng sinh hc v ang b suy gim. Trc tnh hnh , Chnh ph Vit Nam c nhng gii php nhm bo v rng, bo v gi tr a dng sinh hc. Mt trong nhng gii php quan trng l vic thnh lp h thng cc khu rng c dng trn phm vi ton quc. Ngy 8 thng 9 nm 1986, Hi ng B trng (nay l Th tng Chnh ph) ban hnh ch th s 194-CT v vic thnh lp h thng rng c dng vi 73 khu, v c chia lm 3 loi: vn quc gia (VQG), khu bo tn (KBT) thin nhin v khu rng vn ho lch s v mi trng. Ngy 17 thng 9 nm 2003, Th tng Chnh ph c quyt nh s 192/2003/Q-TTg ph duyt chin lc qun l h thng khu bo tn thin nhin Vit Nam n nm 2010. H thng ny c tng din tch gn 2,5 triu hcta chim khong 7% din tch t nhin ton quc vi 126 khu rng c dng, trong c 27 VQG, 49 khu d tr thin nhin, 13 khu bo tn loi/ni c tr v 37 khu bo tn cnh quan. n thng 12 nm 2009, s lng VQG ca Vit Nam l 30 khu. Bn cnh s ra i ca h thng cc khu rng c dng, Chnh ph cng ban hnh cc quy nh v vic bo tn v pht trin cc loi ng thc vt qu him. Ngy 17 thng 1 nm 1992, Hi ng B trng (nay l Chnh ph) ban hnh Ngh nh s 18-HBT v vic quy nh danh mc ng thc vt rng qu him v ch qun l bo v. Ngh nh ny chia cc loi thc vt qu him thnh 2 nhm. Nhm IA gm 13 loi v nhm loi thc vt b nghim cm khai thc vi mc ch thng mi. Nhm IIA gm 19 loi v nhm loi thc vt b hn ch khai thc s dng. Ngy 22 thng 4 nm 2002, Chnh ph c ban hnh Ngh nh 48/2002/N-CP v vic sa i b sung danh mc thc vt, ng vt hoang d qu him ban hnh km theo Ngh nh s 18/HBT. Ngy 30 thng 3 nm 2006, Chnh ph li tip tc ban hnh Ngh nh 32/2006N-CP v qun l thc vt
1

rng, ng vt rng nguy cp, qu him. Ngh nh 32 quy nh nhm IA gm 15 loi v nhm loi thc vt, nhm IIA gm 37 loi v nhm loi thc vt cn c bo v. Nh vy, s lng loi v nhm loi c quy nh trong ngh nh qua cc thi k tng ln. iu ny cng cho thy p lc cng ngy cng ln ti cc loi thc vt qu him ca Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, t khi cc Ngh nh 18, 48 v 32 ra i cho n nay, cha c mt chng trnh iu tra, nh gi tnh trng bo tn loi v nhm loi thc vt rng qu him trn quy m ton quc. nm c thc trng bo tn v lm c s xut cc gii php qun l, vic iu tra tnh trng qun l, bo v cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him thuc danh mc Ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP l rt cn thit. D n ny s tp trung nh gi tnh trng phn b, tnh hnh qun l, khai thc, bun bn v th trng ca chng. y s l mt trong nhng c s quan trng cho chin lc bo tn v pht trin cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him ca Vit Nam.

Phn I Tng quan v chnh sch v thc trng qun l thc vt nguy cp qu him Vit Nam 1. Vn bn chnh sch Vit Nam c nhng cam kt v hnh ng c th qun l, bo tn v pht trin ngun ti nguyn ng thc vt hoang d. iu ny c th hin bng mt lot cc vn bn, chnh sch ra i. Ba mc quan trng nht trong lnh vc bo tn ca Vit Nam l s ra i ca Ngh nh 18/HBT (1992), Ngh nh 48/2002/N-CP (2002) v Ngh nh 32-CP (2006). Ngh nh 18/HBT nhm thc hin iu 19 ca Lut bo v rng nm 1991. Ngh nh ny quy nh danh mc cc loi ng thc vt rng qu him cn c bo v. y l ngh nh u tin c nh ngha v cc loi qu, him v cc loi ng vt hoang d thng thng Vit Nam. Nm 2002, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 48/2002/NCP sa i, b sung danh mc thc vt, ng vt hoang d qu him ban hnh theo Ngh nh 18/HBT v ch qun l bo v. Vic ban hnh v thc hin Ngh nh ny em li nhiu c hi tn ti cho nhiu loi ng thc vt hoang d. V d, trc nm 1992, nhiu loi cy ly g b khai thc kit, do khng c chnh sch v c ch qun l, bo v. Sau khi Ngh nh 18/HBT c ban hnh rt nhiu cc v vic lin quan n vic khai thc, bun bn v s dng cc loi qu him c quy nh trong Ngh nh b x pht, truy t theo ng quy nh. Tuy nhin, Ngh nh ny cng cn mt s vn tn ti. V d, vic iu tra gim st cc loi quy nh trong Ngh nh (iu 5; 6) cng ch c thc hin mt phn cc khu rng c dng m khng c thc hin cc khu rng khc, ni c cc loi phn b. Do thiu cc t liu v thng tin cn thit, vic thc thi Ngh nh cng gp nhiu kh khn. V d, vic nhn dng cc loi thc vt qu him, c bit cc sn phm ca chng l rt kh khn i vi hu ht cc c quan thc thi nh kim lm, hi quan, cng an v qun l th trng. Hu nh cha c ti liu nhn dng hoc h tr nhn dng no c xut bn tr gip cho vic thc thi Ngh nh. Vic x pht cng gp rt nhiu kh khn. V
3

d, vi phm i vi cc loi ng vt thng c quan tm hn l i vi cc loi thc vt, mc d chng u c tn trong cng mt nhm ca Ngh nh. khc phc hn ch trn, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP. y l Ngh nh mi nht c ban hnh nhm thay th Ngh nh 18/HBT v Ngh nh 48/2002/N-CP ph hp vi Lut Bo v v Pht trin Rng (2004). V c bn, Ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP c son tho k lng hn, cc quy nh c nu r rng, c bit cc quy nh thc thi. Tuy nhin, vic thc thi Ngh nh cng gp cc vn tng t nh Ngh nh 18/HBT. V d, khng c hng dn nhn dng cc loi c quy nh trong Ngh nh, c bit l cc sn phm. Vic tin hnh x pht cc v vi phm theo Ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP cng gp kh khn v kh nh gi c cc loi qu him, do khng p dng c mc x pht hoc truy cu trch nhim thch hp. Ngy 1 thng 7 nm 2009 lut a dng sinh hc ca Vit Nam chnh thc c hiu lc. Danh mc loi nguy cp, qu, him c lut a dng sinh hc u tin bo v, lu gi v bo qun lu di. Lut a dng sinh hc l mt bc tin quan trng, to c s php l vng chc cho cc hot ng bo tn v pht trin gi tr a dng sinh hc ca Vit Nam.

2. Cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him trong Ngh nh 32/2006 CP Ngh nh 32/2006 CP c Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh ngy 30 thng 3 nm 2006 nhm quy nh cc loi ng thc vt nguy cp qu him cn c bo v. Theo Ngh nh ny, cc loi thc vt c chia thnh 2 nhm; nhm Ia l nhm thuc din nghim cm khai thc, s dng v mc ch thng mi, nhm IIa l nhm b hn ch khai thc s dng. Nhm Ia c 15 loi v nhm loi thc vt; nhm IIa c 37 loi v nhm loi.

Biu 1: Danh mc thc vt nguy cp qu him thuc Ngh nh 32-CP

TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Tn Vit Nam Nhm Ia Hong n Bch i Loan Bch vng Vn Sam Phan xi png Thng P c Thng nam Thng nc (Thu tng) Hong lin gai (Hong m) Hong mc (Nghu hoa) Mun sc (Th bong) Sa (Hu mc vng) Hong lin Trung Quc Hong lin chn g Cc loi Lan kim tuyn Cc loi Lan hi Nhm IIa nh tng (Ph ba mi) Bch xanh (Tng hng) Bch xanh P mu Du sam Thng Lt (Thng 5 Lt) Thng l dt Thng bc (Thanh tng) Sa mc du Cc loi Tu Sm v dip (V dip tam tht) Tam tht hoang Sm Ngc Linh (Sm Vit Nam) Cc loi T tn Thit inh G (C te) Lim xanh G mt (G mt) G lau ng sm (Sm leo) Trai l (Ri) Trc (Cm lai nam) Cm lai (Cm lai b ra) Ging hng (Ging hng tri to) G hng (Qu balansa) Re xanh phn (Re hng) V hng (X x) Vng ng 5 Tn khoa hc Cupressus torulosa Taiwania cryptomerioides Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Abies delavayi fansipanensis Pinus kwangtungensis Taxus wallichiana (T. baccata wallichiana) Glyptostrobus pensilis Berberis julianae Berberis wallichiana Diospyros salletii Dalbergia torulosa Coptis chinensis Coptis quinquesecta Anoectochilus spp. Paphiopedilum spp. Cephalotaxus mannii Calocedrus macrolepis Calocedrus rupestris Fokienia hodginsii Keteleeria evelyniana Pinus dalatensis Pinus krempfii Taxus chinensis Cunninghamia konishii Cycas spp. Panax bipinnatifidum Panax stipuleanatus Panax vietnamensis Asarum spp. Markhamia stipulata Afzelia xylocarpa Erythrophloeum fordii Sindora siamensis Sindora torulosa Codonopsis javanica Garcinia fagraeoides Dalbergia cochinchinensis Dalbergia oliveri (D. bariensis, D. mammosa) Pterocarpus macrocarpus Cinnamomum balansae Cinnamomum glaucescens Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Coscinium fenestratum

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Hong ng (Nam hong lin) Cc loi Bnh vi Th hong lin Nghin Hong tinh hoa trng (Hong tinh cch) Bch hp Hong tinh vng Thch hc (Hong phi hc) Cy mt l (Lan mt l)

Fibraurea tinctoria (F. chloroleuca) Stephania spp. Thalictrum foliolosum Excentrodendron torulosa (Burretiodendron torulosa) Disporopsis longifolia Lilium brownii Polygonatum kingianum Dendrobium nobile Nervilia spp.

Cc loi thc vt c nu tn trong Ngh nh ny a dng v dng sng v c nhiu gi tr/cng dng khc nhau: Nhng loi c gi tr lm thuc ang b khai thc kit trong t nhin nh: sm

ngc linh (Panax vietnamensis), thng nam (Taxus wallichiana), tam tht hoang (Panax stipuleanatus), hong lin gai (Berberis julianae), cc loi bnh vi (Stephania spp.), hong tinh hoa trng (Disporopsis longifolia) v hong tinh vng (Polygonatum kingianum), Nhng loi cho tinh du lm hng liu v dc phm, v ang b sn lng ro rit nh: v hng (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon), g hng (C. balansae), Nhng loi cho g qu, c gi tr kinh t cao trn th trng (bn theo kg) nh: sa (Delbergia torulosa), trc (D. cochinchinesis), cm lai (Dalbergia oliveri), mun sc (Diospyros spp.) v ging hng (Pterocarpus macrocarpus), Nhng loi c ngha v tnh c hu, phn b hp v c gi tr trong bo tn ngun gen nh: bch i loan (Taiwania cryptomerioides), bch vng (Xanthocyparis vietnamensis), vn sam phan xi pnng (Abies delavayi ver. Fansipanensis), thy tng (Glyptostrobus pensilis), hong n (Cupressus torulosa), Nhng loi cho g tt c s dng trong xy dng v mc ang b khai thc nghim trng s dn n tuyt chng trong t nhin nh: lim xanh (Erythrophleum fordii), p mu (Fokienia hodginsii), thit inh (Markhamia

stipulata), g (Afzelia xylocarpa), g mt (Sindora siamensis), g lau (Sindora torulosa) v trai l (Garcinia fagraeoides), Nhng loi cho hoa p, c gi tr lm cnh, c hu ang b khai thc hy dit trong t nhin nh: cc loi lan hi (Paphiopedilum spp.), cc loi tu (Cycas spp.) v thch hc (Dendrobium nobile). Vic xy dng danh mc cc loi thc vt qu him, nguy cp thin nhiu v ngha khoa hc. Cc yu t khai thc, bun bn, s dng c nh gi nh hn. V d, trong Ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP, nu xt theo tiu ch b khai thc, s dng v bun bn qu mc, th mt s loi khng b nh hng do cc nguyn nhn ny nh: bch i Loan (Taiwania cryptomerioides), bch vng (Xanthocyparis vietnamensis), vn sam Phan Xi Png (Abies delavayi fansipanensis), thng P C (Pinus kwangtungensis); nh tng (Cephalotaxus mannii), du sam (Keteleeria evelyniana), thng Lt (Pinus dalatensis) v thng l dt (P. krempfii). Bn cnh , vic a cc loi tuyt chng trong thin nhin vo danh mc bo v l cha hp l v khng cn thit, v vic a cc loi ny vo danh mc cng khng c tc dng bo tn, m tri li, c th gy mt s cn tr i vi vic pht trin gy nui, nhn ging phc v bo tn hoc pht trin kinh t. Nhng loi c coi l tuyt chng hoc khng b e da do khai thc, bun bn th ch nn dng mc a vo Sch nhm mc ch cnh bo.

Phn II Mc tiu, i tng v phng php 1. Mc tiu Mc tiu lu di Bo tn v pht trin cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him trong t nhin, ng thi cng phc v mc tiu bo tn cc ngun gen qu cho nghin cu khoa hc v khai thc s dng bn vng ti nguyn thin nhin. Mc tiu trc mt nh gi tnh trng bo tn ca cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him trong Ngh nh 32, Cung cp cc thng tin cn thit phc v cho cng tc qun l, bo v v pht trin cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him, xut cc gii php qun l, bo bo tn ngoi t nhin, cng nh vic khai thc, s dng bn vng. 2. i tng v phm vi iu tra i tng Cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him quy nh trong Ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP. Phm vi iu tra Phm vi iu tra c xc nh trn ton quc. Tuy nhin, da vo iu kin thi gian, cc ngun lc, d n ny ch tp trung vo mt s phm vi c th nh sau: H thng cc khu rng c dng ca Vit Nam, trong ch yu l cc VQG v KBT thin nhin.

+ Cc Vn quc gia: Hin nay, Vit Nam c 30 VQG l nhng ni c gi tr v a dng sinh hc, v cng l cc trung tm bo tn cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him. Trong khun kh ca d n ny, 19 VQG i din cho cc vng sinh thi c la chn iu tra (xem ph lc 2), + Cc KBT thin nhin: n thi im thng 12 nm 2008, Vit Nam c 60 KBT thin nhin. y cng l ni lu gi cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him trong t nhin. Trong khun kh ca d n ny, 20 KBT thin nhin tiu biu c gi tr a dng sinh hc cao v i din cho cc vng sinh thi ca Vit Nam c la chn iu tra. Cc im bn ngoi cc khu rng c dng (rng phng h, rng sn xut, c s bun bn) c cc hot ng bo tn, gy trng, khai thc, s dng v bun bn cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him. 3. Ni dung v phng php 3.1. Ni dung iu tra (1) iu tra tnh trng bo tn ni vi (in situ) iu tra, nh gi loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him quy nh trong Ngh nh 32 cc VQG v KBT v cc ni dung sau: + Tnh trng qun th ca mt s loi c phm vi phn b hp v s lng c th t (ni dung ny cho mt s loi c s lng c th t c th c tnh c), + Tnh hnh khai thc s dng, + Tnh trng trong Ngh nh v trong sch Vit Nam, 2007 v IUCN, 2010, + nh gi mt s loi ang b e da nguy cp v nu cn thit s c xut vo danh sch ca Ngh nh 32. (2) iu tra, nh gi tnh trng bo tn ngoi vi (ex situ)

iu tra, nh gi tnh trng bo tn ngoi vi mt s loi nguy cp, qu him ti cc vn thc vt, cc vn su tm cy g v cc khu nghin cu thc nghim.

nh gi tnh trng gy trng v pht trin mt s loi thc vt trong Ngh nh 32.

(3) (4)

iu tra tnh trng khai thc, bun bn, th trng ca mt s loi c gi tr kinh t cao nm trong danh mc Ngh nh 32 ngoi cc khu c dng. xut cc gii php qun l cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him, ch yu l bo tn ni vi v ngoi vi. La chn nhng a im thch hp bo tn cc loi nguy cp, qu him.

(5) (6)

xut b sung mt s loi nguy cp, qu him (nu c). Xy dng bn phn b mt s loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him cho mt s khu rng c dng i din theo vng sinh thi v bn phn b tp trung mt s loi trong ton quc.

3.2. Phng php 3.2.1. Chun b v k tha ti liu a. Chun b ti liu v bn Thu thp ti liu v bn : Thu thp cc ti liu lin quan n cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him nh danh mc cc loi trong Ngh nh 32. Thu thp ti liu nghin cu khu h thc vt cc KBT thin nhin v VQG. Thu thp cc loi bn phn b thc vt nguy cp, qu him cc VQG v KBT thin nhin. Thu thp cc loi bn thm thc vt, bn kim k ti nguyn rng cc VQG v KBT thin nhin. nh gi ti liu v bn :
10

nh gi s b ton b ti liu v bn hin c xc nh gi tr s dng v tham kho, tm ra nhng im cn phi tin hnh iu tra nh gi.

b. Chun b v k thut (ch yu s dng phng php chuyn gia) S dng phng php chuyn gia, c th l thnh lp nhm chuyn gia gm cc nh khoa hc v thc vt, sinh thi thc vt chun b cc ni dung k thut sau: Xc nh thnh phn loi a vo iu tra, phn lm 3 hng:

+ Cc loi d xc nh, d thu thp thng tin, + Cc loi c th xc nh v thu thp thng tin, + Cc loi kh xc nh, kh thu thp thng tin. Xc nh cc a im iu tra cng c phn chia lm 3 hng: khu vc phn b tp trung, khu vc phn b trung bnh v khu vc phn b t cc loi trong Ngh nh 32. Tp hun cho cn b iu tra v thng nht cc bin php k thut thc hin. Xy dng k hoch chi tit iu tra thc a.

c. Chun b v t chc Trnh duyt cng k thut, T chc t cng tc iu tra, Thng nht cc bin php k thut iu tra.

3.2.2. Phng php iu tra thc a 3.2.2.1. Cc bc thc hin T chc phn cng cc nhm iu tra ngoi nghip theo cc danh sch v k hoch chi tit c tho lun t phng php chuyn gia. Cc nhm ti a phng lm vic vi cc c quan lm nghip, mi trng (Kim lm, Lm nghip, ban qun l cc khu rng c dng), cc n v iu tra lm nghip ti a phng thu thp ti liu hin c v tnh hnh iu tra,
11

cc ti nghin cu, tnh trng khai thc v bun bn cc loi nguy cp, qu him; la chn cc chuyn gia a phng them gia t vn v trc tip iu tra tnh trng cc loi trong Ngh nh 32. Cng vi cc chuyn gia, cc nh thc vt a phng lm vic vi cc ban qun l v iu tra thc a cc VQG, cc KBTthin nhin v cc im iu tra khc. Sau khi hon tt cng tc iu tra ngoi nghip, tin hnh phn tch ti liu, xy dng bo co, t chc hi tho chuyn gia, hi ngh nghim thu. 3.2.2.2. Phng php thc a Phng php chuyn gia a phng, phng php iu tra theo tuyn thc vt, iu tra phng vn ti c s khi thc ch bin, cc im khai thc, bun bn thc vt nguy cp qu him c s dng trong d n ny. a. Phng php chuyn gia a phng Lm vic vi cc chuyn gia lm nghip, bo tn thin nhin, ti nguyn v mi trng a phng, c bit l cc cn b chuyn mn ca cc chi cc kim lm, cc ban qun l rng c dng tho lun v: + Thnh phn loi trong Ngh nh 32 c mt ti a phng t s b xc nh phn b cc loi trn bn cho tng khu rng c dng (bn phn b l thuyt), + Phn b ca mt s loi trong cc khu rng c dng v nhng im quan trng khc, + Tnh trng bo v, khai thc, s dng, bun bn v vn chuyn cc loi trong Ngh nh 32. Tin hnh phng vn ngi dn, th sn trng, thy lang s dng cy thuc v nhng ngi s dng thc vt khc thu thp thng tin v phn b qun th ca cc loi qu him c gi tr kinh t cao v tnh hnh khai thc s dng.
12

b. Kim tra thc a theo tuyn Tuyn iu tra thc vt c thit k ti cc khu rng c dng kim tra cc thng tin c tho lun vi cc chuyn gia a phng v mt s ni dung bo tn in situ nh phn b, tnh hnh qun l, khai thc, s dng, Cc tuyn c b tr in hnh trn cc kiu sinh cnh c d on c kh nng xut hin cc loi trong Ngh nh 32 c mt trong tng khu vc. V d nh khi iu tra tnh trng bo tn loi bch xanh (Calocedrus macrolepisthng phn b trn sn ni cao 700 n 1500m, trong kiu rng thng xanh nhit i ni thp, hoc P Mu (Fokienia hodginsii)-thng ch phn b trn cc sn dc cao t 1000-2000m trong cc kiu rng nhit i hn giao cy l rng cy l kim, hay loi Trc (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)-thng phn b cao di 900m trong kiu rng chuyn tip gia rng nhit i thng xanh v rng na rng l, tuyn s c b tr ti cc sinh cnh ca chng iu tra, Ty theo din tch ca cc VQG v KBT thin nhin m thit k cc tuyn iu tra. Bnh qun mi khu rng c dng tin hnh iu tra trn 10 tuyn, mi tuyn di 1 km, quan st sang hai bn, mi bn 5m. S dng cc phng php sau nh gi: + Cng vi cc chuyn gia trung ng v chuyn gia a phng tin hnh kim tra cc thng tin v s xut hin ca cc loi nguy cp, qu him, quan h sinh thi trong khu h thc vt, tnh trng khai thc cc loi ny trn tuyn iu tra, + Dng my nh v GPS hoc bn a hnh 1/50.000 xc nh phn b ca cc loi nguy, cp qu him trn cc tuyn iu tra vo bn thm thc vt rng ca cc VQG v KBT thin nhin.

13

MU BIU THNG K LOI THEO TUYN Tuyn:........................ a im:................................. Kiu rng chnh:.................................. cao:....................... dc:..................... Dng sng Phm cht cao phn b Hng dc:....................... Du vt v tnh trng b tc ng Ngy iu tra:......................................... Ngi iu tra:............................ TT Tn cy

Trong qu trnh chuyn qun iu tra trong rng, ch s xut hin ca cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him. Quan st tnh trng ti sinh trn tuyn iu tra. Bnh qun quan st k khong 1/3 chiu di tuyn, c bit ch xung quanh gc cy m. Di gc cy m c th lp cc ti sinh 25m2 nh gi tnh trng ti sinh. Ghi chp tnh trng cy ti sinh theo cp chiu cao (i vi cc loi cy g), ngun gc v phm cht. BIU IU TRA CY TI SINH T NHIN THEO TUYN Tuyn s:......... a im................. Trng thi rng....................... Ngi o mNgy o m.. Cp chiu cao (m) Ngun gc Ti sinh Chi Sinh trng Tt T.b xu

TT

Loi cy <0,5 ... .

0,61,0

>1,1-1,5 >1,5 Ht

Ghi ch: Cp chiu cao ch s dng cho cc loi cy g

14

c. Phng php phng vn Tho lun vi cc Chi cc Kim lm, Chi cc Lm nghip, cc trm Kim lm v tnh hnh khai thc, s dng, bun bn v vn chuyn cc loi nguy cp, qu him. Ngoi ra, tm hiu tnh trng bo tn ex situ cc loi trong Ngh nh 32 a phng nh tnh hnh nghin cu cc vn thc vt, vn ging, rng ging, v cc khu rng thc nghim, Tho lun vi cc ban qun l VQG v KBT thin nhin v tnh trng khai thc v bun bn cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him. ng thi tm hiu v tnh trng bo tn ex situ ti cc vn thc vt cc khu rng c dng, Lm vic vi cc lm trng quc doanh (cng ty lm nghip) v cc c s kinh doanh lm nghip khc b sung thng tin v phn b, tnh hnh qun l cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him ngoi cc khu rng c dng, Tin hnh iu tra cc im khai thc trong rng v cc im bun bn thc vt nguy cp qu him nh gi tnh trng ca chng, Tin hnh phng vn cc c s ch bin, xut khu cc sn phm t cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him, kt hp lm vic vi cc t chc phi chnh ph, t chc bun bn g quc t nh gi tnh hnh th trng. 3.2.3. Tng hp, phn tch s liu xy dng bo co Phn tch k tha ti liu K tha c chn lc ton b cc ti liu v bn nh Sch , Cy rng Vit Nam (Vietnam Forest Trees), ti liu nghin cu v khu h thc vt cc VQG v cc KBT thin nhin, bn phn b thc vt nguy cp, qu him, Cc ti liu ny c th thu thp cc c quan trung ng nh cc Vin nghin cu, Cc Kim lm, Cc Lm nghip, cc Trng i hc c cc khoa v lm nghip, sinh hc; cc c quan a phng nh cc Chi cc Kim lm, Chi cc Lm nghip, Chi cc Bo v thc vt, cc on iu tra cp
15

tnh, cc VQG v KBTthin nhin; cc t chc phi chnh ph v bo tn thin nhin ti Vit Nam. Phn tch ti liu xy dng bo co Phng php chuyn gia c s dng phn tch ti liu xy dng bo co. Cc chuyn gia tho lun theo nhm phn tch tnh trng phn b, c tnh sinh thi, tnh trng bo tn ca cc loi thc vt trong Ngh nh 32 theo cc ni dung: Phn tch, xy dng danh lc cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him cho cc vn quc gia v KBTthin nhin phn theo loi, chi, h, lp. BIU DANH LC CC LOI THC VT NGUY CP QU HIM Xp hng N 32 Mc e da S VN IUCN

TT

Tn Vit Nam

Tn khoa hc

Phn b

Ghi ch: S dng thang phn loi ca sch Vit Nam 2007 v IUCN (2010) phn hng mc e da Tp hp ti liu thu thp c tin hnh phn tch tnh trng qun th ca mt s loi ch yu: + c lng qun th mt s loi ch yu thng qua phng php ni suy t cc tuyn iu tra thc vt v cc thng tin chuyn gia. Phng php ny ch s dng i vi mt s loi c s lng c th t, BIU C LNG QUN TH LOI TT Tn Vit Nam Tn khoa hc S c th Phm vi phn b

16

+ nh gi tnh trng bin ng ca cc qun th thng qua cc ti liu thu thp c (s dng cc ti liu c nu c). Phn tch nh gi tnh trng khai thc, s dng v bun bn cng nh th trng ca cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him, Phn tch tnh hnh qun l, bo v cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him trong ton quc, Phn tch xy dng cc gii php qun l thch hp i vi cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him, Cng vi cc chuyn gia phn tch xut cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him cho Ngh nh 32 (nu c). BIU MU XUT THM CC LOI THC VT NGUY CP QU HIM TT Tn Vit Nam Tn khoa hc xut xp hng Phn b

Hi tho chuyn gia ly kin gp d tho bo co d n tnh trng bo tn cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him thuc Ngh nh 32.

Phng php xy dng bn S dng cc phn mm ca GIS xy dng bn phn b cc loi nguy cp quy him t l 1/1.000.000. Dng phng php chuyn gia phn tch nh gi a cc loi cn thit vo bn phn b. Cc s liu u vo ca phn b cc loi thc vt c phn tch v ta , cao v a danh.

17

Phn III Kt qu iu tra, nh gi 1. Phn b cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him ti cc VQG v KBT Theo kt qu iu tra ti 39 khu rng c dng, cc trm thc nghim, cc khu rng ging, cc vn cy dc liu v cc im nng v khai thc, ch bin, bun bn lm sn trn ton quc, s lng cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him bc u c thng k cho tng khu c th hin trn biu 01. Danh mc chi tit cc loi c th hin trong phn ph lc 2. Biu 02: S lng loi nguy cp qu him ti mt s khu rng c dng Vng TY BC TT Tn khu rng S loi 16 11 8 16 23 11 20 9 18 22 15 10 10 10 4 12 9 5

KHU BO TN THIN NHIN 1 Hang Kia - P C 2 Ngc Sn - Ng Lung 3 Sp Cp VN QUC GIA 1 Ba B 2 Hong Lin 3 Tam o 4 Xun Sn KHU BO TN THIN NHIN 1 Hu Lin 2 Na Hang 3 Ty Cn Lnh 4 Thn Sa - P.Hong VN QUC GIA 1 Ba V 2 Ct B 3 Cc Phng KHU BO TN THIN NHIN 1 Vn Long VN QUC GIA 1 Bch M 2 Phong Nha K Bng 3 P Mt
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NG BC

NG BNG SH BC TRUNG B

Vng

TT

Tn khu rng

S loi 13 15 13 12 8 7 6 25 12 8 11 15 5 1 1 14 9 8 7 8 10

NAM TRUNG B

TY NGUY N

NG NAM B

4 V Quang KHU BO TN THIN NHIN 1 akrng 2 Phong in 3 Ngc Linh 4 Sng Thanh KHU BO TN THIN NHIN 1 B N - Ni Cha 3 Krng Trai VN QUC GIA 1 Bidoup-Ni B 2 Ch Mom Ry 3 Kon Ka Kinh 4 Yok n 5 Ch Yang Sin KHU BO TN THIN NHIN 1 Ea S 2 Ea Ral 3 Trp Ks VN QUC GIA 1 B Gia Mp 2 Ct Tin 3 Ni Cha 4 Phc Bnh KHU BO TN THIN NHIN 1 Bnh Chu Phc Bu 2 KBT v di tch lch s Vnh Cu- ng Nai

Trong s cc khu rng c dng c iu tra nh gi trong khun kh ca d n ny, cc khu Ea Ral v Trp Ks c thnh lp vi mc ch bo tn duy nht loi thng nc, v chng ti cng khng pht hin c loi no khc ngoi loi thng nc 2 KBT trn. Mt s khu rng c dng khc nh VQG Ba B, VQG Hong Lin, VQG Bi Doup-Ni B, VQG Xun Sn v KBT Hang Kia-P C c s lng cc loi nguy cp qu him kh ln (trn di 20 loi). y l nhng ni c cha gi tr a dng sinh hc cao, c nghin cu kh y v khu h ng thc vt v cn phi c chng trnh c th bo tn
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nhng loi nguy cp qu him (c ni vi v ngoi vi), c bit l nhng loi c nguy c b tuyt chng cao. Cc khu rng c dng cn li u c khong 3-10 loi nguy cp qu him cn c bo tn v pht trin trong ND-32. 2. Tnh trng qun l bo v v cc hot ng bun bn thc vt nguy cp qu him 2.1. Bo v nguyn v (insitu)

Vit Nam v ang quan tm nhiu n vn bo tn loi v gi tr a dng sinh hc. Nm 1986, Chnh ph Vit Nam ra quyt nh thnh lp mt h thng 87 khu bo tn c gi l cc khu rng c dng, trong c 56 Vn quc gia v Khu bo tn thin nhin, 31 khu rng vn ho, lch s, mi trng vi tng din tch khong 1.169.000ha chim 5,7% din tch t rng. T n nay, h thng cc khu rng c dng c b sung thm c v s lng v din tch. Hin nay, h thng rng c dng ca Vit Nam c tng din tch gn 2,5 triu hcta chim khong 7% din tch t nhin ton quc vi 126 khu rng c dng, trong c 30 VQG, 49 Khu d tr thin nhin, 13 Khu bo tn loi/ni c tr v 37 Khu bo tn cnh quan. Trong s cc khu rng c dng, nhiu ni c thnh lp vi mc ch bo tn loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him nh: VQG Ba B bo tn loi nghin, inh; VQG Ba V bo tn loi bch xanh, m hi nam; VQG Bn En bo tn lim xanh; VQG Hong Lin bo tn cc loi cy thuc v p mu; VQG P Mt bo tn loi sa mc du, p mu; KBT Earal v Trp Ks bo tn loi thng nc v VQG York n bo tn cc loi cy h du. Nhn chung, nhng loi thc vt c bo tn tng i tt trong h thng cc khu c dng. Tuy nhin, hin tng khai thc n l (tng cy), bt hp php vn xy ra mt s ni, vo mt thi im nht nh, c bit i vi mt s loi c gi tr kinh t cao (sa, sm v dip, tam tht hoang, sm ngc linh v g ).

20

2.2. Bo tn chuyn v (Exitu) Bo tn chuyn v l cch thc di chuyn i tng bo tn khi v tr m chng tn ti. Thng cch thc ny c p dng i vi nhng i tng c nguy c b e da v tuyt chng cao, nhng loi c bit qu him trong t nhin. Vi hnh thc ny, i tng bo tn c th c lu gi trong ngn hng gien, bo tng hoc cng c th di chuyn i tng cn bo tn n v tr, a im ph hp hn. Vit Nam xy dng c h thng cc Vn thc vt, lm phn bo tn ngun gen cy rng, vn cy thuc bo tn cc loi qu him. C nhiu loi cy rng bn a c nghin cu v a vo gy trng thnh cng. Bo tn chuyn v ng gp ng k cho cho hot ng bo tn cc loi thc vt v ang b dit chng ngoi t nhin. (1) Cc khu rng thc nghim Cc khu rng thc nghim bao gm cc vn cy g, vn thc vt, vn su tp cy rng v cc lm phn bo tn ngun gen cy rng. Theo h thng phn hin hnh, rng thc nghim, nghin cu khoa hc c xp trong h thng cc khu rng c dng. Theo kt qu r sot quy hoch 3 loi rng nm 2006, Vit Nam c 17 khu rng thc nghim vi tng din tch l 8.516 ha. Mt s khu rng thc nghim in hnh nh: Vn cy g Trng Bom (huyn Thng Nht, tnh ng Nai) c 155 loi thc vt, Tho cm vin Si gn vi hn 100 loi cy, vn cy g ca Trm th nghim Lm sinh Lang Hanh (huyn c Trng, tnh Lm ng), vn cy g Mang Lin (thnh ph Lt), Vn Bch Tho H Ni cng l ni lu gi hng trm loi cy, trong c nhiu loi cy qu him. (2) Vn cy thuc Hin nay c mt s vn cy thuc c thnh lp, ngoi ra cn c h thng cc vn cy thuc ca cc h gia nh lm ngh thuc nam v thuc bc. H thng vn cy thuc cng l ni lu gi bo tn v pht trin nhng loi cy c
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gi tr trong c nhiu loi trong Ngh nh 32-CP. Di y l mt s vn cy thuc hin c: Trm cy thuc Sa Pa (Vin Dc liu-B Y t), su tp c 63 loi cao 1.500 m, trong c nhiu loi qu him nh: hong lin gai (Berberis julianae), hong lin bc (Coptis chinensis), sm v dip (Panax bipinnatifidus) v tam tht hoang (Panax stipuleanatus). Trm cy thuc Tam o su tp c 175 loi, cao 900 m. Trm cy thuc Vn in (H Ni) c 294 loi. Vn trng i hc Dc H Ni c 134 loi. Vn Hc Vin Qun Y c 95 loi. Trung tm ging cy thuc Lt c 88 loi cao 1500 m. Trung tm Sm Vit Nam c 6 loi (trong c sm ngc linh). (3) Ngn hng ging Hin nay, ngnh nng nghip-lm nghip Vit Nam c 4 c quan c kho bo qun lnh: Vin Khoa hc K thut Nng nghip Vit Nam, Vin Khoa hc K thut Nng nghip min Nam, Trng i hc Cn Th v Vin Cy lng thc v Thc phm. Cc kho lnh u quy m nh, cng ngh lc hu, mi t yu cu bo qun ngn hn v trung hn, cha c kho t tiu chun bo qun di hn. Cc ngn hng gen ny mi ch tp trung bo qun ngun gen ca cc loi cy nng nghip v cy cao su. Nhn xt v hot ng bo tn ngoi vi Vit Nam c mt s tn ti c phn thnh cc nhm nh sau: - Thiu quy hoch tng th v quy hoch chi tit. H thng cc vn thc vt, vn cy g, lm phn bo tn ngun gen cy rng hin c thng c quy hoch, thit k cha c h thng, cha c tnh cht chuyn , chuyn su hay i din cho tng vng sinh thi v trn phm vi ton quc.

22

Hot ng su tp cha ch ti cc loi qu him; cha c vn thc vt

no lu tr c hn 500 loi (khng k cc loi thc vt t nhin c sn trong qu trnh quy hoch). Nng lc chuyn mn ca cn b lm cng tc bo tn cn hn ch. Vn bo tn ex situ cha c quan tm ng mc trong cc ch trng

chnh sch v bo tn thin nhin. Cho n nay mi ch c mt s vn bn nh: Quyt nh 225/1999/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v ging cy trng, ging vt nui v ging cy lm nghip c ni n vn thc vt; Quyt nh 86/2006/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic quy hoch tng th h thng bo tng t nhin Vit Nam n nm 2020. Cha c cc vn bn hng dn c th thc hin cc hot ng bo tn ngoi vi. Cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him trong Ngh nh 32 cha c quan tm bo tn ng mc trong h thng bo tn chuyn v. Mt s ni do thiu kinh ph hot ng nn cc hot ng bo tn v pht trin cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him b lng qun. 2.3 Hot ng khai thc bun bn thc vt nguy cp qu him Thc trng khai thc, bun bn, vn chuyn bt hp php ng, thc vt hoang d Vit Nam l vn phc tp. Trong giai on t nm 2006, mi nm c gn 50.000 tn thc vt hoang d b khai thc v bun bn bt hp php (Theo Cc kim lm -Vit bo s 28/2/2006). Hin nay, Vit Nam c 5 im nng v bun bn ng thc vt hoang d, gm Ngh An, H Ni, TP. HCM, Qung Ninh v Lng Sn (TRAFFIC-2010). y l nhng khu vc trng im tp kt ng thc vt hoang d vn chuyn sang Trung Quc tiu th. Nu ch cp n thc vt, tnh trng cc loi b nguy cp ngy cng tng v s lng v mc e da trong khong 15 nm tr li y. Trong Sch Vit Nam 1996, Vit Nam c 24 loi thc vt thuc din nguy cp th n Sch 2004, Vit Nam c 191 loi, v Sch 2007 lit k 196 loi (trong c 45 loi rt nguy cp). Ngoi vic s lng loi b e da tng ln ng k, mc
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 b e da cp cao nht cng tng thm. Mt s lng ln cc loi trc y cn c xp trong th hng sp nguy cp th nay phi chuyn sang th hng nguy cp. Cc mi e da chnh i vi cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him vn l: khai thc ro rit, mt mi trng sng v mt s loi c kh nng ti sinh thp. Theo mc ch v mc khai thc, bun bn s dng, cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him c phn chia thnh cc nhm sau: Nhng loi cho gi tr kinh t c bit, b sn lng ro rit trong nhng nm 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 (hin nay tm lng xung) nh: sa (khong 8 t ng/m2), hong n, thy tng (khong 300 triu ng/m2). Nhng loi cho g, c gi tr cao ang b sn lng bo gm cc loi: g , trc, cm lai, lim xanh, nghin, mun. Trong 6 thng u nm 2010, lc lng kim lm Lng Sn thu gi c 9.386 cc tht nghin. Trong nm 2008, lc lng kim lm ca Vn quc gia Yok n pht hin hn 250 v khai thc g tri php vi gn 650 cy g thuc nhm qu him nh cm lai, ging hng. Trong qu I v qu II nm 2010, lc lng kim lm VQG B Gia Mp pht hin khi lng g g v cm lai b khai thc trm c tnh hn 200 m2. Nhng loi cho sn phm dc liu c gi tr cao trn th trng, c vng phn b hp ang b sn lng ro rit: sm ngc linh, sm v dip, tam tht hoang, hong lin gai, lan mt l, lan kim tuyn. So vi cc loi cy g, nhng v khai thc vn chuyn nhng loi ny t b bt gi v x l trc php lut do quy m khai thc v s lng b bt gi t. Bn cnh cc lc lng chc nng cng t ch ti nhm loi phi g ny. Tnh trng ngi dn vo rng thu hi cc loi trn vn xy ra, ngay c trong cc khu rng c dng. Cc hot ng vo rng khai thc sm ngc linh, sm v dip, hong lin gai din ra ngoi tm kim sot ca c quan chc nng. Ngy 23/10/2010, Vn sm ngc linh x Mng R (Tu M Rng, Kon Tum) b mt trm hn 1300 cy sm ngc linh.

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Nhng loi b sn lng vi mc ch lm cnh: cc loi lan hi, thch hc,

bch xanh, nh tng v cc loi tu. Tuy cc loi ny b khai thc ch mt s a phng nht nh, nhng s lng c th b ly ra khi rng cng tng i ln. V d, xung quanh vng m VQG Ba V s lng cy bch xanh c xut bn cc vn m cng n hng vn cy. Cc loi lan hi rt d tm mua cc ch cy cnh ln ca H Ni, TP H Ch Minh v mt s thnh ph ln khc. Nhng loi khc trong danh mc N-32 tuy khng b khai thc rm r v bun bn trn quy m rng ln nhng vn b khai thc n l tng a phng. Theo nh gi ca TRAFFIC, s v bun bn tri php b pht hin, bt gi ch chim 10% tng s v trn thc t. Nu tnh trng ny khng c ngn chn, Vit Nam s c nguy c mt mt khng th thay th v a dng sinh hc, ngun gien; mt s loi thc vt hoang d s bin mt khi t nhin.

25

3. c im v tnh trng cc loi thc vt nguy cp, qu him (1) Hong n

Cupressus torulosa D. Don, 1825.

Tn khc: H:

Hong n chi lng Hong n - Cupressaceae

Phn b: Phn b Trung Quc v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, trc kia hong n c pht hin Cao Bng (Thch An), Lng Sn (Bc Sn, Chi Lng, Hu Lng), Tuyn Quang (Na Hang). Hin nay, hong n ch cn c bt gp KBT Hu Lin, Hu Lng, tnh Lng Sn. Cng dng: Tinh du hong n c s dng trong dc liu v hng liu. G hong n c s dng lm m ngh. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Hong n c xp vo nhm nguy cp (E) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Hin nay, hong n gn nh tuyt chng trong t nhin, hin cn khong vi chc c th KBT Hu Lin, Lng Sn. Cc c th trong t nhin cn rt t, thng xuyn b e da bi la rng v khai thc bt hp php. Nguy c b tuyt chng trong t nhin rt cao. G bn rt t. Gi trn th trng ti thi im thng 6/2010 ti a phng l 1-1,5 triu ng/kg. Gi bn mt cy con c th lm cnh t 1,5-2 triu ng/cy. Ngoi ra, la rng v kh nng ti sinh thp cng l yu t lm cho kch thc qun th loi suy gim nhanh chng. Loi c ngi dn nhn ging, trng th nghim ti a phng. S lng qun th: Theo nhiu ngun ti liu trc y, hong n c tnh Cao Bng (Thch An), Lng Sn v Tuyn Quang. Theo iu tra hin nay, hong n ch cn c bt gp KBT Hu Lin (x Hu Lin, Yn Thnh v Vn
26

Linh), tnh Lng Sn, vi 27 c th trong t nhin. Chiu cao trung bnh ca cc c th trong t nhin t 2 n 5 m v ng knh gc t 3-16 cm. Ngoi ra cn c khong 100 cy (hai nm tui) c ngi dn gy trng ti a phng v trong c khong 40 c th (gy trng) c ng knh D1,3 > 10 cm ti khu vc trm gc rng x Hu Lin. (2) Bch i loan Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata, 1906. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Taiwania flousiana Gaussen, 1939. Bch tn i loan Bt mc-Taxodiaceae

Phn b: Phn b i Loan, Ty nam Trung Quc, ng bc Min in v Bc Vit Nam. Vit Nam, c pht hin KBT thin nhin Vn Bn, tnh Lo Cai v x Nm C, huyn M Cng Chi, tnh Yn Bi. Cng dng: G tt, c s dng lp nh, g, lm quan ti (Trung Quc). Cy c cho l c cha hot cht chng ung th; loi c gi tr v bo tn ngun gen. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, bch i loan nm trong danh sch ca IUCN 2009 tnh trng sp nguy cp (VU). Vit Nam, bch i loan c xp vo nhm rt nguy cp (CR) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Mi e da ln nht hin nay l s thay i v mi trng sng nh cc hot ng pht t lm bi chn th gia sc v chy rng. Vic khai thc g s dng ti a phng cng gp phn lm suy gim s lng c th ca loi ny. Do ti sinh t nhin km nn s lng cy non rt t.

27

S lng qun th: Vit Nam c hai qun th duy nht x Lim Ph, huyn Vn Bn, tnh Lo Cai v x Nm C, huyn M Cng Chi, tnh Yn Bi. Mi qun th c khong 150-200 c th. Biu 03: V tr qun th v s lng c th bch i loan trong t nhin TT 1 2 n v hnh chnh Bn, tnh Lo Cai Cng Chi, tnh Yn Bi Ta /v tr 1040 19 Khong 200 cy 104013 S lng c th Khong 130 cy

X Lim Ph, huyn Vn 210 56 B X Nm c, huyn M 210 47 B

Loi ang c bo tn tt trong trong KBT Hong Lin-Vn Bn, tnh Lo Cai v ti hai thn Lng Cng, Phnh Ngi, x Nm C, huyn Vn Bn, tnh Lo Cai. Trung tm Bo tn Thc vt hp tc vi Hi Nng dn x Nm C v cng ng cng trng trng th nghim thnh cng 202 cy ti din tch 6 hecta rng t nhin ca a phng. (3) Bch vng Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Fajon & N. T. Hiep, 2002. Tn khc: H: Ch; bch vng vit Hong n-Cupressaceae

Phn b: Bch vng l loi c hu ca Vit Nam. Bch vng ln u tin c pht hin vo thng 10 nm 1999 pha Ty bc ca huyn Qun B (tnh H Giang) trn ni vi (V Vn Cn v cng s 1999). Vit Nam ch c pht hin x Cn T, Bt i Sn v Thanh Vn (Qun B), Snh Lng, H Qung Phn (ng Vn), Sng Tr (Mo Vc) tnh H Giang.
28

Cng dng: G bn v c mi thm. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, bch vng c xp vo din rt nguy cp (CR) trong danh sch ca IUCN nm 2009. Vit nam, bch vng c xp vo nhm rt nguy cp trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Mi e da ln nht l khai thc lm ci, la rng v sinh cnh sng b thu hp; ti sinh t nhin km. S lng qun th: C bn qun th c pht hin Vit Nam. Loi cc k him v gii hn trong mt vng hn ch (khong 82 km2). Cc qun th ny u thuc a gii hnh chnh ca tnh H Giang. Biu 04: V tr v s lng qun th, c th bch vng trong t nhin TT n v hnh chnh Ta /v tr S lng c th 561 cy trng thnh

X Cn T, Bt i Sn v 23o04 V Bc 104o54 Kinh ng Thanh Vn ca Khu BTTN Bt i Sn, huyn Qun B, tnh H Giang X Snh Lng, huyn ng 23012 v Bc 105017 kinh ng Vn, tnh H Giang X H Qung Phn, huyn 23010 v Bc ng Vn, tnh H Giang Vc, tnh H Giang 105015 kinh ng 105018 kinh ng X Sng Tr, huyn Mo 23010 v Bc

2 3 4

30 cy trng thnh 4 c th non cao khong 2-3 m 8 c th cao khong 5 m

Loi ny c qun l trong Khu BTTN Bt i Sn v c nhn ging trng th nghim ti a phng vo nm 2005. Hin ti cc cy trng sinh trng v pht trin tt, t ti cao t 0,5 ti 2,3 mt. Vin Khoa hc Lm nghip Vit

29

Nam cng tin hnh ti nghin cu nhn ging bch vng bng phng php gim hom; kt qu nghin cu rt kh quan vi t l ra r ti 83%. (4) Vn sam phanxipang Abies delavayi fansipanensis (W. C. Cheng et L. K. Fu) Farjon et Silba, 1990. Tn khc: Synonym: Vn sam hong lin sn Abies delavayi var. nukiangensis auct. non. Farjon & Silba, 1990: N. T. Hiep & J. E. Vidal, 1996. H: Thng-Pinaceae

Phn b: C n (Arunachal Pradesh), Min in, Vit Nam (ni Phanxipang), Trung Quc (Vn Nam, Ty Tng cao 2400-4300m). Vit Nam, loi mi ch c pht hin ni Fanxipang, tnh Lo Cai. Cng dng: G c dng trong xy dng; v cy dng chit xut tannin. Loi c gi tr v ngun gen him. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Vn sam phanxipang c xp vo nhm c nguy c thp (lower risk) trong danh sch ca IUCN 2009. Vit Nam, vn sam phanxipang c xp vo din sp nguy cp (VU) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh-32 CP. La rng l mi e da i vi loi; hot ng du lch trn dy Hong Lin Sn cng nh hng trc tip hoc gin tip ti sinh cnh sng ca loi. S lng qun th: Vit Nam c mt qun th duy nht nm trong VQG Hong Lin, tnh Lo Cai vi s c th trng thnh di 1000. Loi c bo tn tng i tt ti VQG Hong Lin; hin cha c bo tn chuyn v i vi loi ny.

30

(5) Thng p c Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang, 1948. Tn khc: H: Thng nm l p c Thng-Pinaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc (Qung ng, Qung Ty, Qu Chu v Hi Nam) v Vit Nam (Mai Chu-Ha Bnh, Trng Khnh-Cao Bng). Thng gp cc tnh H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Kn, Sn La, Ha Bnh v Thanh Ha. Cng dng: G dng lm nh; nha dng lm h dn. Loi c gi tr v ngun gen him ca Vit Nam. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, thng p c cha c IUCN xp hng trong danh sch . Vit Nam, thng p c c xp vo nhm sp nguy cp (VU) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh 32- CP. Mi e da ln nht l khai thc g, kh nng ti sinh trong t nhin km, mi trng sng b thu hp. S lng qun th: Ch c vi qun th c bt gp Vit Nam. Biu 05: V tr v s lng qun th, c th thng p c trong t nhin TT n v hnh chnh Ta /v tr S lng c th KBT Hang Kia-P K, Tp trung tiu khu Khong 500 cy tnh Ha Bnh 130, khong 400 cy, trng thnh ngoi ra cn phn b ri rc trong KBT. 2 X c Hng, huyn Trng Khnh, Cao
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Cha xc nh c s lng

Bng 3 KBT Xun Nha, Sn La Cha xc nh c s lng

Loi c bo v tng i tt ti cc khu rng c dng, t b khai thc v mc ch ly g. (6) Thng nam Taxus wallichiana Zucc. 1843. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Taxus baccata L. Subsb. Wallichiana Pilg. 1903. Sam ht l di, thng lm ng, thng hymalaya Thng -Taxaceae

Phn b: phn b ng Trung Quc, i Loan, Vit Nam, n , Npan, Indonexia v Philippines. Trc kia, thng nam c cho l c Lt, Nha Trang, k Lk, Ninh Thun, Trung B v c c Bc B. Hin nay, loi ny c bit chc chn ch cn tn ti Ni Voi, huyn c Trng, khu vc Cng tri v a Nhim, huyn Lc Dng v thnh ph Lt (Lm ng). Cng dng: cy c cha hot cht chng ung th (10-deacetylbaccatine III). Loi c gi tr ngun gen qu him v dc liu. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii thng nam cha c IUCN xp hng do thiu dn liu. Vit Nam, thng nam c xp vo nhm sp nguy cp (VU) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh 32- CP. Sinh cnh sng b e da do t nng lm ry; b khai thc tri php rt mnh. Cy sinh trng chm, kh nng cnh tranh km hn cc loi cy cng hn giao; s lng c th trong qun th t, do vy kh nng thu hp s lng trong tng lai rt r rng. Yu t di truyn: Hoa n tnh khc gc,
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kh nng ti sinh t nhin km. Nhiu cy gi ci su bnh, rng rut d b do gi bo. S lng qun th: Vit Nam, hin nay, thng nam cn phn b ri rc mt s ni trong tnh Lm ng nh: c Trng, n Dng, Lc Dng v thnh ph Lt. Cc qun th thng thng c kch thc nh (1-2 ha), s cy trong qun th khong 20 cy; qun th ln nht khng qu 100 cy. Theo thng k s b, s lng c th thng ti cc khu vc trn khong 300 cy. Biu 06: V tr v s lng qun th, c th thng nam trong t nhin TT 1 2 3 4 n v hnh chnh Ta Ni Voi, huyn c Trng, Tiu khu 277 tnh Lm ng Khu vc H Tin, huyn Tiu khu 324, 325 n Dng, tnh Lm ng Xun Th, TP Lt Cng Tri, huyn Dng, tnh Lm ng 103 v 124 5 cy Lc Tiu khu 101, 102, Khong 20 cy Khong 50 cy S lng c th Khong 100 cy

Ti tnh Lm ng, thng c thu thp v trng bo tn Mn- Lin, TP Lt. Cc ni khc cha c cc bin php c th. Nhn chung, hiu qu tng i tt. (7) Thng nc Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunt.) K. Koch, 1873. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Thuja pensilic Staunton Thy tng Bt mc-Taxodiaceae

33

Phn b: Loi phn b Trung Quc (Qung Chu) v Vit Nam (k lk). Vit Nam, thng nc hin ch cn gp huyn Krng Bk (x Ch N v Bun H), Ea HLeo (x Ea Ral) v Krng Nng (Ea Ho), tnh k Lk. Cng dng: G mn, c mi thm, chu c mi mt c dng lm m ngh, nhc c, g gia dng. R xp, nh c th dng lm li e, phao. Loi c gi tr khoa hc v bo tn, c coi nh l ha thch sng ca ngnh ht trnxut hin cch y khong 10 triu nm. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, thng nc c xp vo din nguy cp (EN) trong danh sch ca IUCN 2009. Vit Nam, thng nc c xp vo nhm rt nguy cp (CR) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh 32- CP. Mi e da ln nht l tnh trng khai thc bt hp php, do c tin n rng thng nc cha c bch bnh, nht l bnh ung th. Cc ch kinh doanh g ln trn a bn tnh k Lk cho bit gi thu mua g thng nc rt cao, khong 100 triu ng/m3 (nm 2009). Ti thi im thng 10/2010 gi bn 1m3 khong 50-60 triu ng loi p v 20-30 triu ng loi thng. Mt cp lc bnh c chiu cao 1,6 m, ng knh 45-50 cm cng c gi t 60 triu ng tr ln. Chnh v vy, ngi ngi x i sn lng cy thng nc. S lng qun th: Ch phn b tp trung tnh k Lk. C 6 qun th vi s lng c th rt t nh sau: Biu 07: S lng c th v qun th thng nc trong t nhin TT 1 2 n v hnh chnh Ta KBT Earal, huyn Ea 131354 V Hleo, tnh k Lk 1081103 ng (tiu khu 70) Bun Rah, x Ch N, 130453 V Bc
34

S lng c th Bc 210 (50 c th Kinh trng thnh) 10

huyn Krng Bc, tnh 1081601 k Lk KBT 3 TrpKsor, ng huyn 1205907 V Bc ng

Kinh 28 (25 cy trong Kinh KBT v 3 cy trong dn) 1 t ca

Krong Nng, tnh k Lk 10801702

Trng H 1, x Ea H, 1305959 V Bc 4 huyn Krng Nng, tnh 10801726 k Lk 5 ng Kinh

Trng H (2), x Ea H, 1205959 V Bc huyn Krng Nng, tnh 10801726 k Lk 6 Buk, tnh k Lk ng Kinh

X Bun H, huyn Krng 1205607 V Bc 10801657 ng Kinh

Tnh k Lk thnh lp hai khu bo tn loi thng nc, gm khu bo tn rng 49 ha x Ea Ral (huyn Ea HLeo) v khu Trp KSor (huyn Krng Nng) c din tch 61,6 ha. Trng i hc Lt nghin cu to cy con bng t bo m v chuyn cho ht Kim lm Krng Nng 10 cy; n nay cha c nh gi kh nng sinh trng. Trung tm nghin cu thc nghim lm sinh (Vin KHLN) th nghim nhn ging bng 3 phng php: m t bo, ghp gc v gim hom. Hot ng khai thc, sn lng g thy tng hin nay vn cn rt phc tp. (8) Hong lin gai Berberis julianae Schneid. 1913 Tn khc: H: Hong lin gai l nh, hong lin ba gai, hong m Hong lin gai-Berberidaceae
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Phn b: Hong lin gai c coi l loi c hu ca Trung Quc, nhng c trng lm cnh nhiu ni trn th gii nh: Cng ha Sc, Cng ha lin bang c, Hp chng quc Hoa K. Vit Nam, hong lin gai c pht hin mc Sa Pa (tnh Lo Cai), trn cao 1600m (th trn Sa Pa, x Sa P, x T Phn, x T Ging Phnh (huyn Sa Pa), Trung Lng H (huyn Bt Xt) tnh Lo Cai). Cng dng: Loi c gi tr gun gen qy him, r v thn c cha berberin, dng lm thuc cha bnh ng rut. Loi c gi tr gun gen qy him, r v thn c cha berberin, dng lm thuc cha bnh ng rut. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Hong lin gai khng nm trong danh sch ca IUCN nhng thuc nhm ang nguy cp (EN) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh 32-CP. S lng c th ang b suy gim nghim trng, gim ti 80% trong khong 10 nm tr li y. Nguyn nhn do ph rng, do khai thc t bn lm thuc, c bit trong nhng nm 2008 n 2010. Ti ch Sa Pa, sn phm c bn di tn cy Mt gu. Gi bn 1 kg ti a phng khong 15.000 ng. S lng qun th: L loi c hu, phn b hp, ch phn b t nhin vng Sa Pa (Lo Cai). Ni c tr hin nay, c tnh, khong < 10 km2, ch yu tp trung xung quanh th trn Sa Pa, x Bn Khoang (huyn Sa Pa), x Trung Lng H (huyn Bt Xt). S lng c th hin cn rt t, khong 50-100 c th/qun th. Cc bin php bo tn ti ch (insitu) hin nay t ra khng c hiu qu v hong lin gai vn b khai thc t v sn phm vn c by bn ph bin ch a phng. Ti vn cy thuc ca Vin Dc liu ti Sa Pa loi ny trng, tuy nhin cn phi tng cng s lng c th nhiu hn na mi m bo c hot ng bo tn ngoi v (exsitu). VQG Hong Lin phi hp vi d n Oxfarm
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Anh nhn ging v giao cho cc h gia nh trong khu vc gy trng. Hiu qu bc u t c l tt. (9) Hong mc Berberis wallichiana DC. 1824. Tn khc: H: Nghu hoa, tiu la hn, hong m Hong lin gai-Berberidaceae

Phn b: Loi phn b n , N Pan, Trung Quc, Min in v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, hong mc c pht hin mc Sa Pa, Bc H (tnh Lo Cai) trn cao 1500-1600m khu vc Sa Pa ( Qu H, Bn Khoang, Ni Hm Rng, Trung Chi) v X Trung Lng H huyn Bt Xt. Cng dng: Loi c gi tr gun gen qy him, r v thn c cha berberin, dng lm thuc cha bnh ng rut Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Hong mc khng nm trong danh sch ca IUCN nhng thuc nhm nguy cp (EN) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh 32-CP. S lng c th ang b suy gim nghim trng, gim ti 80% trong khong 10 nm tr li y. Nguyn nhn do ph rng, do khai thc t bn lm thuc, c bit trong nhng nm 2008 n 2010. S lng qun th: L loi c hu, phn b hp, ch phn b t nhin vng Sa Pa (Lo Cai), ch yu tp trung khu vc Qu H, Bn Khoang, Ni Hm Rng, Trung chi v x Trung Lng H. c tnh cn < 250 c th trong mi qun th trong t nhin. Cc bin php bo tn ti ch (insitu) hin nay t ra khng c hiu qu v hong lin gai vn b khai thc t v sn phm vn c by bn ph bin ch a
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phng. VQG Hong lin phi hp vi d n Oxfarm Anh nhn ging c khong 5000 cy con v giao cho cc h gia nh trong khu vc gy trng. Hiu qu bc u t c l tt. (10) Mun sc

Diospyros salletii Lec. Tn khc: H: Th bng, th salt Th-Ebenaceae

Phn b: c Qung Nam, Tha Thin Hu, Nng v Qung Bnh. Cng dng: G qu (en nh sng) dng ng gia dng, lm m ngh. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Mun sc c xp trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32. S lng qun th: cn thiu thng tin v loi, cn iu tra b sung thm (11) Sa Dalbergia torulosa Prain, 1901 Tn khc: H: Sa trng, hu mc vng, trc thi, hunh n u-Fabaceae

Phn b: loi phn b Trung Quc (Hi Nam) v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, loi c vng phn b t nhin t Ninh Bnh ti Gia Lai.

38

Cng dng: loi cho g qu dng ng , lm m ngh (bn theo kg). G c mi thm c bit. Loi c gi tr kinh t cao, ang b sn lng mnh trn th trng. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, sa c xp vo din sp nguy cp (VU) trong danh lc ca IUCN 2009. Vit Nam, s c xp vo din sp nguy cp (VU) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh-32 CP. Cy sa hin ang b e da rt nghim trng trong t nhin do gi thu mua g sa trn th trng rt cao (bn theo kg, k c dm g v mn ca). Gi bn 1 kg g ti th trng t do vng cng ty lm nghip Trm Lp (Gia Lai), nm 2006 l 1 triu ng. S lng qun th: sa c cho l c vng phn b t nhin t min Bc vo n tn Gia Lai. Tuy nhin, trong cc hot ng iu tra ngoi t nhin ca d n ny, khng c mt c th trng thnh no c bt gp trong rng t nhin. Hin nay, sa c trng rt nhiu lm bng mt ti cc thnh ph, th x (Vn Bch Tho mt s tuyn ph H Ni) v trong cc vn ca h gia nh, cng ty lm nghip v cc khu vn thc vt ca cc khu rng c dng. Cn rt t c th trng thnh trong t nhin. Tuy nhin, sa c trng lm cnh, cy bng mt v trong vn rng ca cc h gia nh (do c gi tr kinh t cao) trn ton quc. Trn a bn ca cc qun ni thnh H Ni hin cn khong 700 cy sa.
(12) Hong lin trung quc

Coptis chinensis Franch. 1897. Tn khc: H: Hong lin, hong lin bc, hong lin chn g Mao lng-Ranunculaceae

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Phn b: C Trung Quc (T Xuyn, Qi Chu, H Nam, H Bc, Trit Giang v Nam Thm Dng) v Vit Nam. Vit Nam loi c huyn Sa Pa ( Qu H, Bn Khoang, Trm Tn, trn ng i Phan Si Phng), tnh Lo Cai v Qun B (x Thi An), tnh H Giang. Cng dng: R v thn c cha berberin, dng lm thuc cha bnh ng rut. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, hong lin trung quc khng nm trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, hong lin trung quc c xp vo mc nguy cp (CR) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh-32. Mi e da ln nht l mi trng ni sng b thu hp v sm hi; khai thc tri php thng xuyn. Qun th b suy gim c tnh trn 90% tnh t thi im nm 2000. S lng qun th: hin c pht hin x Thi An, huyn Qun B, tnh H Giang v huyn Sa Pa tnh Lo Cai, tuy nhin s lng c th cha c tnh c. Cy thng mc bm trn , trn gc cy g hoc lp thm mc, di tn rng nh ni, trn ai cao khong 1700 m (Thi An); 2600 2800 m (Hong Lin Sn). Hin ny cha xc lp c im bo tn in situ; tng thu thp v trng bo tn ex situ nhng cy sinh trng pht trin km (Sa Pa). (13) Hong lin chn g Coptis quinquesecta W. T. Wang, 1957. Tn khc: H: Hong lin Mao lng-Ranunculaceae

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Phn b: C n , Trung Quc v Vit Nam (Sa Pa-Lo Cai). Vit Nam, hong lin chn g phn b VQG Hong Lin (tnh Lo Cai), cao trn 1600 m ca dy ni Phanxipang. Cng dng: Thn v r c dng lm thuc cha au mt , tiu chy, kit l. Trong thn, r c cha hot cht berberin. Loi c gi tr v ngun gen qu. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, hong lin chn g khng nm trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, hong lin chn g c xp vo mc nguy cp (CR) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh-32. S lng qun th: Ch c pht hi duy nht VQG Hong Lin, tuy nhin s lng c th cha c iu tra chi tit. Hin ny cha xc lp c im bo tn in situ; tng thu thp v trng bo tn ex situ nhng cy sinh trng pht trin km (Sa Pa). (14) Lan kim tuyn Anoectochilus spp. H: Lan-Ochidaceae

Theo Averyanov (2008), Vit Nam pht hin c 7 loi Lan kim tuyn thuc chi Anoectochilus, trong loi A. roxburghii ny c gi tr thng mi xut khu cao nht, gp hng chc ln cc loi khc. Vic phn bit cc loi ngoi thc a i hi phi c kin thc phn loi nht nh, v ch c ngha v khoa hc. Trn thc t ngi dn khai tt c nhng loi thuc chi Anoectochilus em bn. Trong khun kh ca bo co ny, chng ti xin m t c im nhn bit ca loi Anoectochilus roxburghii.

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Phn b: C Nht Bn, n , Npan, Xri Lanca, Trung Quc, Lo, Vit Nam. Vit Nam loi ny c bt gp t Lo Cai, H Giang, Yn Bi, Vnh Phc, H Ty, Qung Tr, Kon Tum v Gia Lai. Cng dng: Loi c gi tr lm cnh v lm thuc, ang tr nn him Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Vit Nam loi ny c xp vo cp ang nguy cp (E) v tt nm trong nhm Ia ca Ngh nh-32. Mi e da ln nht l khai thc hy dit (c cy) bn ra nc ngoi. Gi bn trn th trng t 300.000-500.000 ng/kg ti. S lng qun th: Phn b hu khp cc tnh c rng ca min Bc v min Trung; mc thnh m nh rt ri rc di tn rng thng xanh trn ai cao di 1600 m. c tnh din tch phn b hin nay khong 30.000 km2 v din tch ni sng khong 1500 km2. Bin php bo tn ti ch khng hiu qu. Ngi dn vn vo rng thu hi vi khi lng ln. Tnh trng bo tn mt s khu rng c dng c tt hn ngoi khu rng c dng. Cha c bo tn chuyn v. (15) Cc loi lan hi Paphiopedilum spp. H: Lan-Ochidaceae

Cc loi lan hi (Paphiopedilum spp) l mt nhm c bit ca h lan. c im nhn dng bi hoa c mt cnh hoa hnh ti gia, ging chic hi. Vit Nam, hin c 23 loi lan hi c pht hin trong t nhin (Averyanov, 2008), u thuc chi Paphiopedilum. Nhiu loi lan hi ca Vit Nam thuc dng rt him v c tnh c hu hp nh: lan hi mc (Paphiopedilum micranthum), lan hi xanh (P. malipoense), lan hi henri (P. henryanum), v lan hi trng (P.
42

hangianum). Cng ging nh cc loi lan kim tuyn, vic nhn bit cc loi lan hi ti hin trng cn phi c mt kin thc nht nh v phn loi thc vt. Cng dng: Lan hi cho hoa p, dng lm cnh. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Cc loi lan hi u nm trong nhm IA ca Ngh nh 32-nghim cm khai thc, bun bn v mc ch thng mi. Lan hi khng ch c gi tr v mt thm m, khoa hc, m cn c gi tr kinh t cao v th cc loi lan hi sm b sn tm v thu hi v mc ch thng mi. Nguy c b tuyt chng cao. Nm 1992, lan hi c thu mua vi gi lc u khong 1 - 3 USD/1kg; nm 1995 tng ln 10 USD/1kg. Hin nay c th d dng tm mua lan hi ti cc ch hoa cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni, TP. H Ch Minh, Nng. S lng qun th: Nhn chung, lan hi cn tn ti rt t trong vng phn b t nhin, phn ln nhng vch ni him tr, kh tip cn. Nm loi loi lan hi thuc dng rt him, c tnh c hu hp c m t di y. Biu 08: c im qun th ca mt s loi lan hi TT 1 2 3 Tn loi Lan hi hng (P.hangianum) Lan hi henri (P. henryanum) Lan hi mc (P. micranthum) 4 Lan hi xanh (P.malipoense) 14 10 km2 12 10 km2 6 5 km2 S lng qun th 25 Din tch ni sng <0.5 km2 a im Bc Kn, Tuyn Quang H Giang, Bc Kn, Ph Th H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Kn, Tuyn Quang H Giang, Bc Kn, Sn La, Lng Sn

43

Ha Bnh, Thanh Ha, Qung Bnh Cn rt t trong t nhin. c gy trng ti hu ht cc vn lan ngoi thnh H Ni v TP H Ch Minh. (16) nh tng Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. f., 1886. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Cephalotaxus hainanensis H. L. Li, 1953. Ph ba mi, ph lc b nh tng-Cephalotaxaceae

Phn b: C n , Trung Quc (Hi Nam), Mianma, Thi Lan v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, nh tng c pht hin Lo Cai, H Giang, Sn La, Cao Bng, Ho Bnh, H Ni (VQG Ba V), Thanh Ha, Ngh An, Tha Thin Hu, Kon Tum, Gia Lai v Lm ng ( Lt, n Dng, c Trng). Cng dng: G nh tng c cht lng cao, chu mi mt, c s dng lm g cao cp, m ngh v cn cng c. Ht c dc tnh. V c dng cha st (o Hi Nam-Trung Quc). Loi c gi tr ngun gen him. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, nh tng c xp vo din sp nguy cp (VU) trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, nh tng c xp vo mc sp nguy cp (VU) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. nh tng b khai thc ly g v lm thuc. T l ny mm ca ht rt cao nhng s lng c th trng thnh rt thp. S lng c th cn rt t, nu sinh cnh sng b thay i, loi c nguy c b tuyt chng.

44

S lng qun th: nh tng c ghi nhn vi cc qun th nh cc khu rng c dng nh: VQG Ba V, VQG Bch M, khu BTTN P Lung, VQG Ch Mom Ray v VQG B p (Lm ng). Biu 09: V tr v s lng qun th, c th nh tng trong t nhin TT 1 VQG Bi p (Lm ng) n v hnh chnh VQG Ba V (H Ni) Ta /v tr Quanh nh Tn Vin S lng c th 20 (cy ln nht c DBH = 54,3 cm) 2 Sn ni Voi, huyn 100 cy c Trng VQG Ch Mom Ry (Kon Sn ty ca nh Ch Rt t (ch gp 2 3 Tum) Mom Ry, tiu khu c th ti sinh 644 VQG Bch M (Tha Thin Hu) KBT P Hung (Ngh An) Cha xc nh trong qu trnh iu tra) 4 5 Cha xc nh

Cc c th trng thnh c bo v kh tt trong cc khu rng c dng c phn b nh tng. Cy m trong t nhin c th b thu hi v mc ch thng mi (cy cnh). (17) Bch xanh Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz, 1873. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Libocerdrus macrolepis (Kurz) Benth. & Hook. f. 1880. Tng hng, p mu gi, trc bch dip ni Hong n-Cupressaceae

45

Phn b: C n , Trung Quc, Min in, Thi Lan v Vit Nam. Vit Nam bch xanh c pht hin Sn La, H Giang, Cao Bng, Bc Kn, Ha Bnh, Ngh An, c Lc, Lm ng, Khnh Ha v Ninh Thun. Cng dng: G c vn p, th thng, chu mi mt, d gia cng v c s dng cho xy dng, g gia dng, g vn phng v m ngh. G cn c dng lm hng liu v chit tinh du. Cy cn c trng lm cnh. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, bch xanh c xp vo din sp nguy cp (VU) trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, bch xanh c xp vo mc nguy cp (EN) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32- CP. Mi e da ln nht l khai thc g lm cho sinh cnh sng ca bch xanh b thu hp; la rng v hot ng khai thc g, cy lm cnh. S lng qun th: Bch xanh c ghi nhn c cc vng ni vi ca min Bc v phn b vo n tn k Lk, Lm ng, Khnh Ha v Ninh Thun. Cc qun th ghi nhn c mt s a phng nh: VQG Ch Yang Sin (k Lk), Hn B (huyn Khnh Vnh, Khnh Ha), Thc Prem (Lm ng), ni Bi p (huyn Lc Dng, Lm ng), thc Cam Ly (TP. Lt, Lm ng). Biu 10: V tr v s lng qun th, c th bch xanh trong t nhin S lng c th Khong 500 Cha xc nh Tiu khu 678, ni P Pha Khong 200

TT 1 2 3

n v hnh chnh VQG Ba V, H Ni VQG Bi p, Lm ng KBT Sp Cp, Sn La

Ta /v tr nh Tn vin, Vua 9001000 m)

46

Lanh ( cao 1000 m) KBT Hang Kia-P C, 4 Ha Bnh Tp trung tiu khu 130 v 138 v mc ri rc trn ton KBT Cc qun th bch xanh nm trong cc khu rng c dng u c bo v kh tt. Cc qun th khc nm ngoi khu rng c dng (rng phng h, rng sn xut) c th b tc ng nht nh. Bch xanh cn c trng lm cnh trong nhn dn. (18) Bch xanh Calocedrus rupestris Aver., H.T. Nguyen & L.K. Phan 1, 2008. Tn khc: H: Bch xanh vi Hong n-Cupressaceae Khong 380

Phn b: y l loi c hu ca Vit Nam. Theo d on c th s cn gp nam Trung Quc v bc Lo. Vit Nam, loi ny thng c bt gp KBT Bt i Sn (H Giang) v VQG Phong Nha (Qung Bnh). im phn b chun ca Bch xanh gn lng N B, cao 650 800 m trn mt bin, thuc x Lim Thy, huyn N R, phn cc ng nam ca tnh Bc Kn, gip ranh vi cc tnh Thi Nguyn v Lng Sn. Cng dng: Loi cho g qu c vn p, th thng, chu mi mt v d gia cng. c s dng trong xy dng, lm bn t, g v m ngh cng nh lm hng. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32CP v c gi tr v bo tn ngun gen. Mi e da chnh bao gm: khai thc ly
1

Loi mi c pht hin v m t nm 2004, c cng b chnh thc nm 2008 47

g v ly nha; sinh cnh sng b thu hp; s lng c th trong mt qun th thng rt thp (<100). Ti sinh trong t nhin km v ht b cn trng n. S lng qun th: pht hin c 15 qun th Vit Nam phn b t H Giang n Qung Bnh. S lng c th hin cha thng k c. Biu 11: a im phn b loi bch xanh Tnh H Giang H Giang H Giang H Giang H Giang Ha Giang H Giang Cao Bng Bc Kn Sn La Sn La Ha Bnh Ha Bnh Ngh An Qung Bnh Huyn Qun B Qun B Qun B Qun B Qun B Yn Minh Mo Vc Nguyn Bnh Na R Yn Chu Mc Chu Mai Chu Bc Con Cung B Trch X Bt i Sn Cn T Cn T Thi An Thanh Vn Lao V Chi Pi Lung Yn Lc Lim Thy Mng Lm Vn H Hang Kia on kt Bnh Chun Tn Trch V 23 09' 23 05 23 05' 23 00' 23 07' 2307' 23 15' 22 44' 21 57' 2101 2046 2044' 2054' 19 18' 1724' Kinh 104 60' 105 02 105 03' 105 06' 105 01' 10508' 10522 105 20' 106 05' 10431 10448 10454' 10504' 104 54' 10613'

Bch xanh c bo v kh tt ti cc khu rng c dng nh: KBT Bt i Sn (H Giang), KBT Hang Kia-P C (Ha Bnh), VQG Phong Nha-K Bng (Qung Bnh). (19) P mu Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A. Henry et H. Thomas, 1911. Tn khc: H: My vc, hng, my long lanh Hong n-Cupressaceae

48

Phn b: C Trung Quc, Lo v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, p mu phn b cc tnh in Bin, Lai Chu, Lo Cai, Sn La, Yn Bi, H Giang, Bc Kn, Ph Th, Ho Bnh, Ngh An, H Tnh, Tha Thin Hu, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, c Lc, Lm ng, Ninh Thun v Khnh Ho. Cng dng: G tt c dng lm nh, lp mi nh, lm g v m ngh. Loi cho tinh du c gi tr. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da:Trn th gii, p mu c xp vo nhm c nguy c thp (Lower risk) trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, p muc xp vo mc nguy cp (EN) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Mi e da ln nht l khai thc g ng , xut khu (trc kia). S lng qun th: p mu phn b t min Bc cho n tn Khnh Ha, Lm ng. Vi vng phn b rng nh vy nn c th d dng gp p mu cc ai cao trn 800 m. Mt s khu rng c dng cn nhiu p mu nh: VQG Hong Lin (Lo Cai), KBT Vn Bn (Lo Cai), KBT Ty Cn Lnh (H Giang), KBT Hang Kia-P C (Ha Bnh), VQG P Mt (Ngh An), VQG Bch M (Tha Thin Hu), VQG Kon Ka Kinh (Gia Lai), VQG Bi p (Lm ng). Ti cc khu rng c dng ni trn, p mu c mt khong 100-150 c th (ng knh ngang ngc > 10cm)/ha nhng ni phn b tp trung. P mu c bo v tt ti cc khu rng ging (K Sn-Ngh An, Vn Bn-Lo Cai) v ti cc khu rng c dng. Tuy nhin nhng cy c ng knh ln, c gi tr thng mi vn thng b khai thc ln lt. (20) Du sam Keteleeria evelyniana Mast., 1903. Synonym: Keteleeria roulettii (A. Chev.) Flous, 1936.
49

Tn khc: H:

Ngo tng, my hinh, du sam ni t Thng-Pinaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc, Lo v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, du sam phn b in Bin, Sn La (Xun Nha, Ching Ve, Ching Sinh, Ching Ngn), Ha Bnh, Ngh An, H Tnh, Tha Thin Hu, Kon Tum, k Lk, Lm ng (Ni Voi, c Trng), Khnh Ha v Ninh Thun. Cng dng: G tt, chu mi mt, c dng lm nh, g. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, du sam c xp vo nhm c nguy c thp (Lower risk) trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, du sam c xp vo mc sp nguy cp (VU) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi ht trn kh him gp Vit Nam. Mi e da ln nht ca du sam l mt mi trng sng v dch su rm. S lng qun th: Ti chn ni Voi (c Trng, Lm ng) cn mt cy du sam c ng knh ti 2m v nhiu cy ti sinh ri rc; dc ng vo khu du lch Sui Vng ( Lt) cn kh nhiu c th du sam c ng knh 20-40 cm; khong 100 c th ng knh 50-80 cm mc tng i tp trung ti khu vn thc vt Ching Sinh (Sn La); ngoi ra du sam cn mc ri rc ti mt s a im khc trong tnh Sn La v cn c iu tra b sung thm. (21) Thng lt Pinus dalatensis Ferre, 1960. Tn khc: H: Thng nm l Thng-Pinaceae

50

Phn b: Thng lt l loi c hu hp ch c Vit Nam v Lo (Pha nam ca KBT Nakai Nam Theun). Vit Nam, thng lt c Tha Thin Hu (VQG Bch M), Kon Tom (Ngc Linh, dy ni Ngc ng- huyn Kon Plng), Gia Lai (VQG Kon Ka Kinh, cng ty lm nghip Mng Yang), k Lk (Ch Yang Sin), Lm ng (Bi oup), Ninh Thun (Phc Bnh). Cng dng: G c gi tr tng t nh g thng ba l (Pinus kesiya). Cy c th c trng lm cnh. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, thng lt cha c trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009 do thiu dn liu. Vit Nam, thng lt nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Mi e da ln nht l ni sng b xm hi do lm ng giao thng v t nng lm ry, m rng t nng nghip; b khai thc tri php. S lng qun th: c khong 10 qun th thng lt c pht hin Vit Nam, nm ri rc cc khu rng c dng nh: VQG Ch Yang Sin, VQG Kon Ka Kinh cc tiu khu 434, 433, 104, trn ai cao 900-1500 m, mt khong 100 cy (d1,3>10 cm)/ ha. VQG Bi Dup (Lm ng), tiu khu 127B c mt qun th gn nh thun loi, (khong 1-2 ha); ti cc tiu khu 89, 90 v 91, thng lt phn b ri rc t chn i n nh i vi mt khong 100 cy/ha. Hin nay, cc qun th thng lt tng i n nh, t b tc ng. (22) Thng l dt Pinus krempfii H. Lecomte, 1921. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Ducampopinus krempfii (Lec). A. Chev. Thng hai l dt, ngo r, thng sri Thng-Pinaceae
51

Phn b: Loi mi ch c pht hin Vit Nam; l loi c hu hp ca Vit Nam, l dp khc hn vi cc loi khc trong chi (Pinus), phn b tp trung ch

yu trong lm phn qun l ca VQG Bidoup-Ni B huyn Lc Dng tnh Lm ng v mt s khu vc gip ranh gia VQG Bidoup Ni B vi VQG Ch Yang Sin (kLk), Cng ty Lm nghip Khnh Ha (Khnh Ha) v VQG Phc Bnh (Ninh Thun).
Cng dng: G c c im tng t nh g thng lt. Loi c coi nh c ha thch sng ca thc vt c; c gi tr v bo tn ngun gen. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Thng l dt nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Mi e da ln nht l mt sinh cnh sng do khai thc rng; ti sinh km dn n thiu lp cy k cn. Vic m ng giao thng qua khu vc phn b ca loi ny cng l mt trong nhiu nguyn nhn dn n s suy gim v s lng. S lng qun th: Phn b trong kiu rng hn giao cy l rng cy l kim,

vi din tch trn 50.000 ha (trong khong 14.000 ha VQG Bidoup Ni B, 10.000 ha thuc x a Chay, huyn Lc Dng, tnh Lm ng; 750 ha thuc khu vc Cng Tri-x Lt, huyn Lc Dng). Ring VQG Bi Doup Ni B c khong 30 tiu qun th, mi qun th c s lng c th trng thnh di 250. Trong vng phn b tp trung nht, mt trung bnh khong 20 cy/ha. Nhn chung thng hai l dt c phn b khng lin tc, m ngt qung, khong cch ngt qung kh ln (100 - 200m).
Loi vn ang b e da v s lng c th/qun th ang suy gim trong khong 10 nm tr li y. Nm 2010, VQG Bidoup Ni B bt u tin hnh xy dng m hnh trng rng bo tn v pht trin bn vng loi thng l dt Lm ng. Vin Khoa hc Lm nghip Vit Nam cng tin hnh thu thp
52

ht, cy con gy trng th nghim ti trm Lm sinh Mng Linh ( Lt), tuy nhin kt qu cn hn ch. (23) Thng bc Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehder, 1919. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Taxus baccata L. Subsp. cuspidata Silb. & Zucc. var. chinensis Pilger, 1903; Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Pilg.) Florin, 1948. Thng , sam ht l ngn Thng -Taxaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, loi ny c bt gp cc tnh Sn La, H Giang, Tuyn Quang, Cao Bng, Ha Bnh v Thanh Ha. Cng dng: G mu , mn, chu nc. Loi c gi tr v ngun gen qu. Ht c 60% du bo dng cha giun a, tiu thc v c cha hot cht cha ung th. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, thng bc c xp vo nhm c nguy c thp (Lower risk) trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, thng bc c xp vo mc sp nguy cp (VU) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Mi e da ln nht l kh nng ti sinh trong t nhin rt km (hu nh khng gp cy ti sinh trong qu trnh iu tra). S lng qun th: C 7 qun th thng bc c ghi nhn Vit Nam. S lng c th trong qun th l rt thp. Thng tin c th nh sau:

53

Biu 12: V tr v s lng qun th, c th thng bc trong t nhin TT 1 n v hnh chnh Ta /v tr Phn b ri rc trong KBT Sp Cp, Sn La KBT ai cao 6001000 m 2 Tiu khu 130, trn ai KBT Hang Kia-P C cao 800-1200 m San S H, Bn 3 VQG Hong Lin, Lo Cai KBT Bt i Sn, H Giang X Mng Lm, Yn Chu, Sn La X Xun Trng, Bo Lc, Cao Bng Khoang, ng ln nh Phanxipng Phn b ri rc Phn b ri rc trn ai cao 600 m < 100 40 c th trng thnh <100 < 50 Pht hin c 6 c th < 500 S lng c th

4 5 6

Loi c bo v kh tt trong cc khu rng c dng do khng phi l i tng b khai thc, sn lng a phng. c mt s d n c xy dng bo tn loi trong t nhin nh: D n bo tn a dng sinh hc ti x Thi Phn Tng (huyn ng Vn, tnh H Giang) do qu Mi trng ton cu ti tr t nm 2003 h tr nhn ging v pht trin loi ny. (24) Sa mc du Cunninghamia konishii Hayata, 1908. Synonym: Tn khc: C. lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. var. konishii (Hayata) Fujita, 1932; C. kawakami Hayata, 1915. Ngc am, sa mc qu phong
54

H:

Bt mc-Taxodiaceae

Phn b: C i Loan, Lo v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, sa mc du c pht hin H Giang (Ty Cn Lnh), Thanh Ha (Xun Lin, Thng Xun) v Ngh An (Con Cung, Tng Dng, K Sn, Qu Phong v Qu Chu). Cng dng: G chu mi mt v d gia cng, c s dng lm nh (ti a phng) v lm quan ti. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, sa mc du c xp vo nhm sp nguy cp (VU) trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, sa mc du c xp vo mc sp nguy cp (VU) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. S lng c th t, phn b ri rc; khai thc ly g v sinh cnh sng b thay i. S lng qun th: C 10 qun th c ghi nhn Vit Nam. Biu 13: V tr v s lng qun th, c th sa mc du trong t nhin TT 1 2 3 4 5 n v hnh chnh Ni Pha Lung, x Ching Sn, Mc Chu, Sn La X Na Mo, Quan Sn, Thanh Ha X Bt Mt, Thng Xun, Thanh Ha X Hnh Dich, Qu Phong, Ngh An Qu Hp, Ngh An Ta /v tr 104 34 V Bc 21 13 Kinh ng 10441V Bc 2017 Kinh ng 10459 V Bc 1959 Kinh ng 104 50' V Bc 19 05' Kinh ng 104 51' V Bc S lng c th <10 <10 <100 <50 <20

55

19 23' Kinh ng 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ni Phu Lung, P Hung, Ngh An X Mng Tp, K Sn, Ngh An X Tam Hp, Tng Dng, Ngh An 104 51' V Bc 19 24' Kinh ng 104 23' V Bc 19 17' Kinh ng 10421 V Bc 1905 Kinh ng <10 <10 <500 <100 768 Cha xc nh

X Chu Kh, Con Cung, 104 40' V Bc Ngh An 19 00' Kinh ng VQG P Mt, Ngh An KBT P Hot, Thanh Ha Tiu khu 787, 794, 795, 798, 835 v 813

Sa mc du c bo v kh tt cc khu rng c dng nh: KBT Xun Lin (Thanh Ha), KBT P Hung, P Hot v VQG P Mt (Ngh An). (25) Cc loi tu Cycas spp. H: Tu-Cycadaceae

Vit Nam hin c 25 loi tu. Tu phn b t Bc n Nam, rng th sinh v rng nguyn sinh. Tu l i tng b khai thc, c lc r ln, c lc trm lng, lm cnh v xut ra nc ngoi (bt hp php). Vic phn loi tu n loi i hi phi c kin thc v kinh nghim, v vy nhn bit chnh xc tt c cc loi tu ngoi t nhin l mt cng vic kh khn. Trong khun kh ca d n ny, chng ti xin tp trung nghin cu tnh trng qun th mt s loi tu thng b khai thc v c nguy c tuyt chng cao. Tu s va li (Cycas chevalieri)

56

S lng qun th: thng mc trong rng thng xanh, ven i hoc ven sng cc tnh Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr. C 3 qun th vi tng s c th c tnh khong 10.000 trn din tch ni sng hin nay khong 100 km2. Mi e da: Khai thc lm cnh (bun bn) v mt sinh cnh sng. H cha nc nh my thy in Ro Qun, Hng Sn, H Tnh s lm ngp mt s din tch ca qun th thin tu chevalier ti a phng. Tnh trng bo tn: Mc d mt vi qun th vn b khai thc trng lm cnh v bun bn trong nc, nhng do cn cc qun th vi s lng c th ln cc cao khc nhau, kh nng ti sinh tt, nn loi ny t b e da tuyt chng. Thin tu i (Cycas collina)

S lng qun th: C bn qun th phn b trong vng Ty Bc trn mt vng khong 3500 km2. Tng din tch ni sng khong 200 km2. Cy thng mc trong rng thng xanh, na rng l, trng cy bi, rng tre na trn sn ni dc hay thung lng. Tng s c th c tnh khong 10.000. Mi e da: B khai thc lm cnh v mt sinh cnh sng Tnh trng bo tn: Loi Cycas collina c vng phn b rng ti Vit Nam (3500 km2) v d on phn b ti c Lo vi s lng c th c tnh 10.000. Nhiu qun th ln vn cn trong t nhin v kh nng ti sinh t nhin tt. Loi ny c gi tr lm cnh khng cao nn t b khai thc. Thin tu l di (Cycas dolichophylla)

S lng qun th: C 2 qun th phn b t H Giang ti Thanh Ha. Loi ny thng mc sn ni, thung lng, ven sui di tn rng m thng xanh ma ma hoc trng cy bi. S lng c th c tnh khong 10.000 trong mt vng phn b khong 18.000 km2.

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Mi e da: Khai thc lm cnh, mt sinh cnh sng (lm thy in, ng giao thng, khai thc g ci) Tnh trng bo tn: Loi ny b khai thc nhiu lm cnh v cy c thn to, thng v l p. Tuy nhin loi ny c ba qun th ang c bo v tt ti khu BTTN Na Hang, VQG Cc Phng v Bn En v kh nng cho ht, ti sinh t nhin tt ngoi t nhin. (26) Sm v dip Panax bipinnatifidum Seem. 1868. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Aralia bipinnatifida (Seem.) C. B. Clarke, 1879; Panax pseudoginseng var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) H. L. Li, 1942. V dip tam tht, tam tht l x, tam tht hoang, trc tit nhn sm Ng gia b-Araliaceae

Phn b: C n , N Pan, Trung Quc v Vit Nam. Loi rt him gp Vit Nam, dng lm thuc tng lc, ang b sn lng mnh lm thuc v xut khu.Huyn Sa Pa (ni Hm Rng, x T Phn, x Bn Khoang, T Ging Phnh), Bt Xt (x Trung Lng H), tnh Lo Cai. Cng dng: Lm thuc b, cha thiu mu, xanh xao, gy yu nht l i vi nhng ph n sau khi . Cn c tc dng kch thch sinh dc v c dng trong iu tr v sinh: ngy 5- 6g dng thuc bt hoc ru thuc. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Sm v dip khng c mt trong trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009 nhng thuc nhm rt nguy cp (CR) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi c sinh cnh sng rt hp, ch c khu vc Trm Tn, Bn Khoang (VQG Hong Lin) v

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ang b sn lng mnh. Gi ti thi im thng 12 nm 2009 ti Sa Pa l 2 triu ng/kg. S lng qun th: Ch c VQG Hong Lin (Lo Cai); hin nay ch cn rt t trong t nhin. Cha thng k c tnh trng qun th-cn c nghin cu chi tit hn. Bo tn trong t nhin khng hiu qu. Ti thi im thng 3-4/2010 b sn lng cn kit ti dy Hong Lin Sn. thit lp c 1 im bo tn in situ vng m VQG Hong Lin bao gm 60 c th trng thnh ca c 2 loi Sm v dip v Tam tht hoang t nm 2001. n thng 3/2010 b khai thc trm: - tng thu thp trng bo tn exsitu ti vn Trm cy thuc Sa Pa (Vin Dc liu). Nm 2008, do di chuyn Trm sang a im khc, s c th hin cn li t. (27) Tam tht hoang Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng, 1975. Tn khc: H: Tam tht rng, sm tam tht, bnh bin tam tht, phan xit Ng gia b Araliaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc v Vit Nam. Loi c phn b hp Vit Nam. Xut hin huyn Sa Pa (ni Hm Rng-th trn Sa Pa v x T Phn) v huyn Bt Xt (x Trung Lng H), tnh Lo Cai. Cng dng: Loi c gi tr l ngun gen qu, dng lm thuc b mu, tng lc. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Tam tht hoang khng c mt trong trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009 nhng thuc nhm rt nguy cp (CR) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi c sinh

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cnh sng rt hp, ch c dy Hong Lin Sn (VQG Hong Lin) v ang b sn lng mnh lm thuc. S lng qun th: Ch c VQG Hong Lin (Lo Cai) v x Trung Lng H huyn Bt Xt; hin nay ch cn rt t trong t nhin. Cha thng k c tnh trng qun th-cn c nghin cu chi tit hn. Cng tnh trng vi loi sm v dip. Bin php bo tn trong t nhin khng hiu qu. Ti thi im thng 3-4/2010 b sn lng cn kit ti dy Hong Lin Sn. (28) Sm ngc linh Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv., 1985. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Panax schinseng var. japonicum auct., non Makino. Sm khu nm, thuc du Ng gia b - Araliaceae

Phn b: Loi c hu hp ca Vit Nam, c phn b Kon Tum (nh Ngc Linh), Qung Nam (Tr My, Tr Lnh, Tr Giang) v Lm ng (ni Langbian). Cng dng: C lm thuc b, phc hi sc khe v cha cc bnh v suy nhc c th, thn kinh v mt s bnh khc. L dng lm tr ung. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Sm ngc linh khng c mt trong trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009 nhng thuc nhm nguy cp (EN) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi phn b hp, ang b khai thc mnh; gi bn 3 triu ng/100 g (ti) ti th trn k Gli v x Mng Hoong. Cc hot ng thu mua din ra nay ti a phng (vng li KBT).

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S lng qun th: Ch phn b duy nht vng ni Ngc Linh (tnh Kon Tum, Qung Nam), tp trung tiu khu 84, 86,87, 94, 98, 95, 91, 93; rt t gp trong t nhin. Sm ngc linh cn c gy trng trn quy m ln xung quanh chn ni Ngc Linh. T nm 1997 c 3 n v (Cng ty dc phm v u t thit b y t, Lm trng Ngc Linh, S KHCN tnh Gia Lai) u t pht trin sm ngc linh vi din tch trn 6000 m2. T nm 2001-2004, d n nghin cu hon thin cng ngh sn xut ging, k thut trng v quy hoch pht trin cy sm ti Kon Tum a 62.000 cy ging t Qung Nam v trng ti x Ngc Ly (Kon Tum). Hin nay, tng din tch sm ngc linh c gy trng ti 10 ha vi hng vn cy, c u t bi cc cng ty, n v nghin cu v c cc h dn a phng. (29) Cc loi t tn Asarum spp. Tn khc: H: Hoa tin, t tn, th t tn Aristolochiaceae Nam mc hng

Theo cc ti liu ang c s dng rng ri nh: Danh lc cc loi Thc vt Vit Nam (Anon), Cy C Vit Nam (Phm Hong H), a l thc vt (L Trn Chn) Vit Nam chi Asarum c 7 loi: Asarum balansae, A. blumei, A. caudigerum, A. glabrum, A. petelotii, A. reticulatum v A. wulingense. Phn b: Lai chu, Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Ba V H Ni, Vnh Phc, Sapa-Lo Cai, Ho Bnh, Vnh Ph, Tuyn Quang, H Giang, Qung Bnh, Ct b-Hi Phng, Ph Th, H Tnh, Qung Ninh, Bc Kn, Thi Nguyn. Cng dng: dng lm thuc b.
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Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: trong 7 loi t tn Vit Nam, c 3 loi nm trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 (A. balansae-EN; A. caudigerum VU; A. glabrum-VU). Tt c cc loi t tn u nm trong nhm IIA ca Ngh nh 32CP. Mi e da ln nht hin nay l do tnh trng khai thc qu mc lm thuc dn n suy gim nghim trng trong t nhin. Tuy nhin, t tn pht trin kh tt trong cc khu rng c dng do c bo v khi cc hot ng khai thc. S lng qun th: Cha xc nh c s lng c th chi tit n tng loi; cn c thm iu tra chi tit n tng loi trong vng phn b ca chng. (30) Thit inh Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem. Ex Schum. Var. kerii Sprague, 1919. Synonym: Tn khc: H: M. Caudafelina (Hance) Sprague, 1919. inh, rt mo, i mng inh - Bignoniaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc, Thi Lan, Lo v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, thit inh c pht hin Lng Sn (Chi Lng), Thi Nguyn (i T), Ph Th, Ho Bnh, Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Tr, Tha Thin Hu, Ph Yn, Khnh Ho (Nha Trang). Cng dng: Cy cho g qu, rt cng, khng b mi mt, c dng trong xy dng v ng . Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Thit inh nm trong nhm sp nguy cp ca Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nhm nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi cho g qu, nm trong nhm t thit (inh, lim, sn tu). Do gi tr g trn
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th trng cao nn thit inh b sn lng mnh trong t nhin ly g. Bn cnh , kh nng ti sinh km cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn n tnh trng suy gim nhanh chng s lng qun th/c trong t nhin. S lng qun th: Rt t gp trong t nhin, ch cn cy ti sinh vi ng knh nh. Mt s thng tin iu tra c mt s khu rng c dng: Biu 14: V tr v s lng qun th, c th thit inh trong t nhin TT 1 n v hnh chnh KBT Hu Lin, Lng Sn Ta /v tr Thung ging, thung inh, thung n, thung phi 2 KBT Thn Sa-Phng Hong B N S lng c th Rt him cy trng thnh Mt vi cy ti sinh (rt him) 3 c th trn 3 4 KBT Na Hang VQG Ba B Bn bung, Cn nn X Nam Cng tuyn 7 km (rt him) 2-5 cy/ha

Loi ny cn c trng vn thc vt mt s khu rng c dng: VQG Ba V < 200 cy; VQG Cc Phng, VQG B Gia Mp, VQG Kon Ka Kinh. (31) G Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib, 1912. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Pahudia xylocarpa Kurz, 1876. C te, h b Vang - Caesalpiniaceae

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Phn b: C Trung Quc, Min in, Thi Lan, Lo, Campuchia v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, g c bt gp Kon Tum, Gia Lai, k Lk, Lm ng v cc tnh min ng nam b. Cng dng: G cng, rt bn, thng c dng ng bn gh, ging t, chm tr cao cp. Nhng u g trn thn c vn xoy rt p. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, g c xp vo nhm nguy cp (EN) trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, g c xp vo mc nguy cp (EN) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi cho g cng, c vn en rt p, thuc nhm g qu, ang b sn lng mnh. Gi g nm 2010 ti th trng t do t 20-100 triu/m3, ty thuc vo cht lng v kch thc g. S lng qun th: C th bt gp trong rng t nhin ca cc tnh Ty Nguyn, ng Nam B, v duyn hi Nam Trung B. Kt qu iu tra mt s khu rng c dng nh sau: Biu 15: V tr v s lng qun th, c th g trong t nhin TT 1 n v hnh chnh VQG B Gia Mp, Bnh Phc VQG Ct Tin, ng 2 Nai Ta /v tr Phn b tp trung TK 1,3,5,6,7,9,22,24 Phn b tp trung tiu khu:7,8,18,17,18,19,38,27,3 7,26. Phn b t hn 34,35,43,50 3 4 KBT Vnh Cu, ng Nai KBT Bnh Chu Phn b ri rc Tiu khu 30 (ch c cy ti sinh nh trong t nhin)
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S lng c th 5-10 c th/ha (trng thnh)

5-10 c th/ha

<100 Trng c 200 ha hn

Phc Bu, B Ra Vng Tu 5 KBT Easo, k Lk VQG York n, k Lk Ri rc trong KBT Ri rc trong rng khp (cc tiu khu: 291, 278 dc sui, nh Ch Hua 286, 238, 409, 405; phn b nhiu ti cc TK 253, 408 )

giao; 150 cy/ha 2-5 cy trng thnh/ha 5-10 cy/ha (ti TK 253, 408)

Hin nay khng cn nhng cy ln trong rng sn xut, nhng cy c ng knh >30 cm tr ln ch cn tn ti trong cc khu rng c dng. Tuy nhin, g vn b khai thc trm ngay ti cc KBT v VQG. (32) Lim xanh Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv. 1883. Tn khc: H: Lim Vang - Caesalpiniaceae

Phn b: Loi c hu ca Bc Vit Nam, mc t nhin nhiu tnh min Bc nh Lng Sn, Vnh Phc, Ph Th, Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang, Bc Giang, Qung Ninh, Thanh Ha, Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, Qung Nam v Qung Ngi; c trng thnh rng vo tn Bnh nh. Cng dng: G rt bn, c dng trong xy dng cng trnh thu li, cu cng, ng tu thuyn, lm vn sn, t vt, ng trong gia nh.

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Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP, cho g qu c gi tr cao trn th trng. Mi e da ln nht l khai thc g khng bn vng v suy thi rng, mt sinh cnh sng trong t nhin. S lng qun th: D dng bt gp lim xanh vng phn b t nhin (Bc B vo n Qung Nam); c trng nhiu ni v trng Bnh nh (d n trng rng KfW6). Tnh trng bo tn: s lng qun th v c th nhiu (c t nhin v rng trng), tuy nhin nhng c th c ng knh >1m rt him gp. (33) G mt Sindora siamensis Teysm. ex Miq., 1867. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Sindora cochinchinensis Baill. 1871. G mt Vang- Caesalpiniaceae

Phn b: C Thi Lan, Lo, Campuchia, Malaixia v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, g mt phn b cc tnh Kon Tum, Gia Lai, c Lc, Lm ng, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun, Bnh Dng, Bnh Phc, ng Nai v B Ra Vng Tu. Cng dng: Loi cho g qu. G cng, mu hng c vn nu, dng ng dng gia dng cao cp nh bn gh, t, ging, sp, tin khc v xy dng. V giu tannin. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, g mt c xp vo nhm c nguy cp (lower risk) trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, g mt c xp vo mc nguy cp (EN) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi cho g qu v b khai thc mnh.

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Hin nay, loi ny khng (t) b khai thc ly g; gi g ti B gia mp: 10 triu/m3, ti York ng 12 triu/m3, ti Krng Nng gi t 8-10 triu/m3). S lng qun th: Gp ph bin vng phn b t nhin (Gia Lai-ng Nai). V d KBT Vnh Cu (ng Nai) c ni c mt khong 8 cy (d1.3 = 1515)/ha; VQG York n (k Lk) g mt phn b u trong Vn v mc xen k cng cc loi du ng, cm xe, c cht vi mt khong 10 cy/ha. Loi c th pht trin nu c bo v tt. Tuy nhin nhng cy c ng knh > 1m thng b khai thc ly g. (34) G lau Sindora torulosa A. Chev. ex K. et S. S. Larsen, 1980. Tn khc: H: G, g bin, g, g sng Vang - Caesalpiniaceae

Phn b: C Campuchia v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, g lau phn b cc tnh Qung Ninh (Ung B, Yn Lp), Bc Giang, Ngh An (Qy Chu, Ngha n), H Tnh (K Anh), Qung Tr (Vnh Linh), Tha Thin Hu (Hng in) v Qung Nam - Nng, v Khnh Ha (ni Hn Ho). Cng dng: G tt, khng b mi mt hay mc, hi c vn hoa, c dng trong xy dng, ng thuyn hay dng gia nh cao cp nh sp, t ch. V cy cho tannin. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, g lau cha c xp vo danh sch ca IUCN-2009 v thiu thng tin. Vit Nam, g lau c xp vo mc nguy cp (EN) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa

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ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi cho g qu v b khai thc mnh. Gi g x ti th trng (ca khu Cu Treo, H Tnh) khong 10 triu ng/m3. S lng qun th: Cc cy trng thnh cn rt t trong t nhin; phn ln cc cy c gp trong qu trnh iu tra l cy ti sinh. Ngoi ra, g lau c trng nhiu trong cc Vn thc vt ca cc khu rng c dng; VQG Phong Nha-K Bng m ht v trng thnh cng 300 cy (nm 2010). (35) ng sm
Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook. f., 1885.

Synonym: Tn khc: H:

Campanumoea javanica Blume, 1826. Phng ng sm Hoa chung - Campanulaceae

Phn b: C n , Trung Quc, Min in, Thi Lan, Lo, Indonexia v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, ng sm mc ri rc cc tnh min ni pha Bc nh: Lai Chu, Lo Cai, H Giang, Sn La, Yn Bi, Tuyn Quang, Cao Bng v Lng Sn. pha Nam ch c pht hin cao nguyn Langbian (tnh Lm ng) v xung quanh chn ni Ngc Linh (c Gly - Kon Tum v Qung Nam - Nng). Cng dng: Cy thuc qy, c s dng ph bin trong y hc dn tc. R c phi khn lm thuc cha ho, cha vng da do thiu mu v bnh v thn. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: ng sm c xp vo mc sp nguy cp (VU) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi c gi tr l cy thuc qu, b khai thc mnh.Trc kia ng sm b khai thc nhiu, kch thc qun th gim. Hin nay do khng c th trng nn mc v quy m khai thc gim nhiu.
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ng sm cn c bt gp kh nhiu ven rng, nng ry b hoang ca vng phn b t nhin; kh xc nh chnh xc s lng qun th cng nh kch thc qun th v chng mc ri rc trong vng sinh cnh. Loi c th pht trin bn vng nu c phng thc qun l s dng hp l. (36) Trai l Garcinia fagraeoides A. Chev., 1918. Tn khc: H: Trai, Ri Ba - Clusiaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, trai l ch phn b min Bc nh Cao Bng (Ba B), Lng Sn (Bc Sn, Hu Lng), Thi Nguyn, Ha Bnh, Bc Giang, Ninh Bnh (Cc Phng), Ngh An (Qu Chu) v Qung Bnh. Cng dng: G cng, mu vng, kh gia cng, c dng trong xy dng ng tu thuyn v chm khc. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trai l thuc nhm nguy cp (EN) trong Sch Vit Nam 2007 v thuc nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi c hu ca Nam Trung Hoa v Bc Vit Nam, ang b khai thc mnh. Kh nng ti sinh km trong t nhin cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn n s suy gim v s lng qun th/c th. S lng qun th: Trai l cn c bt gp kh nhiu trong vng phn b t nhin. Mt s thng tin v loi thu thp c nh sau:

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Biu 16: V tr v s lng qun th, c th trai l trong t nhin TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 n v hnh chnh KBT Hu Lin, Lng Sn KBT Thn Sa-Phng Hong, Thi Nguyn VQG Ba B, Bc Kn KBT Na Hang, Tuyn Quang KBT Hang Kia-P C, Ha Bnh KBT Ngc Sn Ng Lung, Ha Bnh VQG Cc Phng, Ninh Bnh VQG Hong Lin Ta /v tr Tiu khu 1,2, 3 Phn b ri rc trong ton khu Ri rc trong ton VQG Ri rc, tp trung nhiu Khau Tinh Tiu khu 129, 160 Tp trung nhiu x Ngc Sn, Ngc Lu v T Do Ri rc trn cc vch him tr Bn H, Lao Chi, T Van S lng c th 5-10 cy/ha 2-3 cy/ha 5-7 cy/ha 1-2 cy/ha Khong 500 cy Khong 8000 cy Khong 1000 cy 1-2 cy/ha

c bo tn kh tt cc khu rng c dng. Tuy nhin nhng cy c ng knh ln rt t do b khai thc ly g. (37) Trc Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre, 1898. Tn khc: H: Cm lai nam b u - Fabaceae

Phn b: C Thi Lan, Lo, Campuchia v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, trc phn b t Qung Nam - Nng (ng Giang, Ty Giang, Nam Giang, Phc Sn) tr vo Nam n Ty Ninh (Tn Bin), ng Nai (Thng Nht) v Kin Giang; tp trung nht Kon Tum (c T, Sa Thy) v Gia Lai (KBang). Cng dng: G qu, mu ti, th mn, vn p. G trc c gi tr kinh t cao, c dng ng gia dng cao cp.
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Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, trc c xp vo nhm sp nguy cp (VU) trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, trc c xp vo mc nguy cp (EN) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi cho g qu v ang b khai thc mnh. Gn y nht, thng 10/2010 khu rng c dng k Uy (k H, Kon Tum), ni cn lu gi khi lng ln g trc ca Vit Nam (khong 700 ha) b nhiu i tng vo khai thc trm. Trong nm 2010, tng s v khai thc trm g trc b bt gi ti Khu rng c dng ny ln ti 74 v. Gi bn 20-30 triu ng/m3. S lng qun th: Trc gn nh b khai thc cn kit trong cc khu rng sn xut v rng phng h; hin ch cn cy ti sinh v cy su bnh khng c gi tr kinh t. Mt s khu rng c dng sau y hin cn lu tr mt s lng trc tng i ln. Biu 17: V tr v s lng qun th, c th trc trong t nhin TT 1 2 3 4 5 n v hnh chnh KBT Ea So: VQG York n VQG Ch Mom Ry VQG Kon Ka Kinh VQG Ct Tin Ta /v tr S lng c th

Tp trung nhiu cc tiu khu pha ty nam bo tn: 5-7 cy/ha 625,619,614,612,611,616,617. Khong 40 cy c Tp trung nhiu TK: 448, D1.3 > 5 cm 287, 281, 425, 418, 426, 258, TK 409 v 410 Ri rc trong rng, tp trung nhiu TK 592, 593, 648 Ri rc trong VQG 1-3 cy/ha Ri rc trong VQG 5-10 cy/ha

c tnh trong khong 5-10 nm tr li y s lng c th trc suy gim t 5060% trn ton quc. c nhiu d n trng trc trong t nhin nh: d n trng rng cy bn a 661 ti VQG Ch Mom Ry vi 205 ha hn giao (mt 300400cy/ha).

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(38) Cm lai Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain 1897. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Dalbergia bariaensis Pierre, 1898; D. mammosa Pierre, 1898. Cm lai b ra u Fabaceae

Phn b: C Min in, Thi Lan, Lo, Campuchia v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, cm li c nhiu cc tnh tnh pha Nam nh: Kon Tum (Sa Thy), Gia Lai, k Lk (Ea Sp, c Min, Gia Ngha, Lc), Khnh Ha (Ninh Ha), Lm ng (Bo Lc), Ninh Thun (Ninh Sn), B Ra - Vng Tu (Xuyn Mc), ng Nai (Thng Nht, Tn Ph, Vnh Cu), Bnh Dng (Phc Long, c Phong), Ty Ninh (Tn Bin). Cng dng: G rt qu, cng, th mn, kh dn, d gia cng, mt ct nhn, d nh bng, c dng ng gia dng cao cp v tin khm. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Trn th gii, cm li c xp vo nhm nguy cp (EN) trong danh sch ca IUCN-2009. Vit Nam, cm lai c xp vo mc nguy cp (EN) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi cho g qu v ang b khai thc mnh. S lng qun th: Cm lai hin rt him trong t nhin, ch gp nhng cy trng thnh cc khu rng c dng. Tnh trng qun th mt s khu rng c dng nh sau; Biu 18: V tr v s lng qun th, c th cm lai trong t nhin TT 1 n v hnh chnh Ta /V tr S lng c th

VQG B Gia Mp, Phn b u trong ton 2-4 cy/ha (d1,3

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Bnh Phc 2

vn, tp trung TK = 30-60 cm 1,3,5,6,7,9,22 v 24

VQG Ct Tin, ng Tp trung Nam Ct Tin 10-13 cy/ha Nai v Ct Lc, tiu khu: 17,27,26,36,7,8,18,19,497, 498 v 504

KBT Vnh Cu, ng Phn b cc tiu khu 117, Cn rt t, mt Nai 122, 127, 136. Bnh vi c th (02 c th D1,3>40 cm)

KBT

Chu- Phn b ri rc trong KBT, 5 cy/ha (cy c tp trung nhiu TK d1,3<15 cm) 22,25. 5-10 cy/ha (ch cn cy ti sinh d1,3<20 cm) Phn b ri rc trong BT 2-3 cy/ha

Phc Bu 5

VQG Kon Ka Kinh, Phn b ri rc Gia Lai

KBT Easo, k Lk

Loi ang b sn lng rt mnh, ch gp nhng c th trng thnh cc khu rng c dng. Tuy nhin, nhng cy c ng knh >30 cm thng xuyn l mc tiu ca hot ng khai thc bt hp php. (39) Ging hng Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz, 1874. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Pterocarpus cambodianus (Pierre) Gagnep. 1916; Pterocarpus pedatus (Pierre) Gagnep, 1916. Ging hng, ging hng tri to u - Fabaceae

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Phn b: C Myanmar, Thai Lan, Lo, Philippines v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, ging hng phn b cc tnh Kon Tum (Sa Thy), Gia Lai (KBang, Ch Prng, Mang Yang, An Kh), c Lc (c Min, Ea Sp ), Ph Yn (Sn Ha), Bnh Dng (Phc Long, c Phong), ng Nai (Tn Ph, Vnh Cu), Ty Ninh (Tn Bin), Bnh Phc (B Gia Mp). Cng dng: G cng, vn hoa rt p, t nt n khng b mi mt, dng trong xy dng v ng dng cao cp nh bn, gh, t, ging. Nha c th dng lm thuc nhum mu . Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Vit Nam, gin hng c xp vo mc nguy cp (EN) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi cho g qu c s dng ng g. Mi e da ln nht l khai thc g lm mc. S lng qun th: C th gp trong vng phn b t nhin (Qung Nam-ng Nai), tuy nhin nhng c th trng thnh cn rt t, ch gp trong cc khu rng c dng. Biu 19: V tr v s lng qun th, c th ging hng trong t nhin TT n v hnh chnh Phc Ta /V tr ton vn, tp trung TK 1,3,5,6,7,9,22, 24 v 26 2 3 VQG Ct Tin, ng Nai KBT Vnh Cu, ng Nai Phn b ri rc Ti TK 119, 120 1-2 cy/ha Cn rt t, mt vi c th c D1,3 > 40 cm S lng c th

VQG B Gia Mp, Bnh Phn b u trong 1-2 cy/ha 1

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KBT 4 Bu

Bnh

Chu-Phc Tp trung ti cc tiu 1-2 cy (ch cn khu 22,23 cy ti sinh d1,3 <15 cm)

VQG Kon Ka Kinh, Gia Lai Cn nhiu pha 20-30 cy/ha. C 5 ng ca VQG, tiu cy D1,3 > 150 khu: 88, 92, 81, 85 cm.

c bo v tng i tt mt s khu rng c dng. c gy trng trong vn thc vt mt s khu rng c dng trong vng phn b t nhin. (40) G hng Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte, 1913. Tn khc: H: V hng, qu ba lan xa Re - Lauraceae

Phn b: L loi c hu ca Vit Nam, c Ni Ba V (H Ni), VQG Cc Phng (tnh Ninh Bnh). Cng dng: Trong thn v l c tinh du qu. Ht cha du bo. G tt khng b mi mt, c mi long no nn c a chung ng cc gia dng. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Vit Nam, g hng c xp vo mc sp nguy cp (VU) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Mi e da ln nht l khai thc chng ct tinh du. Tt c cc vt liu nh thn, r, cnh l u c th em chng ct tinh du v th loi c nguy c tuyt chng rt cao. Hin nay do khng cn nguyn liu nn cng khng cn hot ng chng ct tinh du.

75

S lng qun th: Cn ri rc vi c th trong rng vng phn b t nhin, ch yu l cy ti sinh.

Biu 20: V tr v s lng qun th, c th g hng trong t nhin TT /v hnh chnh 1 Ty VQG 2 Thn Phng Hong Ta /V tr S lng c th 5 c th (d1,3 < 20 cm) Sa- Phn b tp trung cc x: 100-200 c th (ch Thn Sa, C ng, Thng ton cy ti sinh) Lung, Sng mc, Ninh 2-3 c th/50ha (ch cn cy ti sinh chi) Ri rc trong VQG < 60 cy Tng (xm Ngc Sn 2) 3 4 KBT Hang Kia-P Phn b ri rc trong KBT C VQG Cc Phng

VQG Ba V, H Sn ty nh Vua

Loi rt him gp trong t nhin, ngay c trong cc khu rng c dng. Loi cng c trng bo tn ti cc vn thc vt ca cc khu rng c dng. V d: VQG Ba V, VQG Tam o, VQG Cc Phng. (41) Re xanh phn Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees.) Meissn. Tn khc: H: Re du, x x, g hng Re Lauraceae

Phn b: cc tnh min Bc vo n Qung Nam. Cng dng: G dng ng gia dng, chng ct tinh du lm hng liu.
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Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32, c nguy c b tuyt chng cao do b khai thc chng ct tinh du. S lng c qun th: cha r, cn c iu tra b sung thm. (42) V hng Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meissn., 1864. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Laurus parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn. 1864; Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte, 1913. G hng, re hng, re du, x x, co chu Re - Lauraceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc, n , Innxia v Vit Nam. Cao Bng (Trng Khnh), Qung Ninh (Qung H, H Ci). Thi Nguyn, Ngh An, Qung Bnh, Qung Tr (ng Ch), Tha Thin-Hu, Qung Nam, Nng. Cng dng: G tt khng b mc, dng trong xy dng v ng dng gia nh. L, g thn v nht l g, r cha tinh du c gi tr. Ht cha nhiu du bo. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: V hng cha c IUCN xp hng trong danh lc v thiu dn liu nhng nm trong nhm rt nguy cp (CR) trong Sch Vit Nam, 2007 v trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Khai thc chng ct tinh du. Tt c cc vt liu nh thn, r, cnh l u c th em chng ct tinh du v th loi c nguy c tuyt chng rt cao. Hin nay do khng cn nguyn liu nn cng khng cn hot ng chng ct tinh du.

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S lng qun th: tnh trng tng t nh g hng (Cinnamomum balansae), cn ri rc vi c th vng phn b t nhin, ch yu l cy ti sinh. Biu 21: V tr v s lng qun th, c th v hng trong t nhin TT 1 2 3 n v hnh chnh VQG Tam o Ta /V tr Ri rc ton VQG S lng c th Khong 1000 cy, ch yu cy ti sinh (d1,3 <15 cm) KBT Ty Cn Lnh, Phn b ri rc 1-2 c th/50 ha (ch cn H Giang Lung, Ha Bnh trong ton KBT cy ti sinh) 2-3 cy/50 ha (d1,3<15 cm) KBT Ngc Sn-Ng Phn b ri rc

Loi c bt gp rt t trong t nhin, c trng cc vn thc vt ca cc khu rng c dng v mt vi cy trong vn rng ca cc h gia nh. (43) Vng ng Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. 1822. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Menispermun fenestratum Gaertn. 1788; Coscinium usitatum Pierre, 1885. T rong Tit d - Menispermaceae

Phn b: C n , Xrilanca, Lo, Campuchia, Malaixia v Vit Nam. T v tuyn 16 tr vo Nam: Qung Nam - Nng, Qung Ngi, Bnh nh, Gia Lai, c Lc, Lm ng, Khnh Ha, Bnh Thun, Bnh Dng, ng Nai v Ty Ninh. Cng dng: Loi c gi tr lm thuc. Ton thn cha berberin (mt khng sinh thc vt qy), c bit trong thn gi v r c 3 % berberin.
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Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da:Vng ng nm trong nhm sp nguy cp (VU) trong Sch Vit Nam, 2007 v trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi ny trc kia b khai thc mnh chit xut Berberin. Hin nay s lng qun th cn rt t, nn khng b thu mua trn quy m ln. Cn c bin php bo tn nhn ging cho loi. S lng qun th: mc ri rc di tn rng th sinh ca vng phn b t nhin (Ty nguyn, Nam Trung b v ng Nam b); kh xc nh chnh xc c bao nhiu qun th. (44) Hong ng Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. H: Tit d-Menispermaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc, Lo, Thi Lan, Min in, Cm Pu Chia, Malaixia, Philippine, Indonexia v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, loi phn b Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung Nam, Lm ng, ng Nai, Bnh Phc. Cng dng: Dng lm thuc (cc hot cht trong hong ng l alcaloid m cht chnh l palmatin 1-3,5%, jatrorrhizin, columbamin v berberin). Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32CP. Loi ny trc kia b khai thc mnh chit xut Berberin. Hin nay khng cn b e da do khng b thu mua. Hong ng c th ti sinh phc hi tt trong t nhin nu khng b khai thc hy dit. S lng qun th: mc ri rc di tn rng th sinh ca vng phn b t nhin; kh xc nh chnh xc c bao nhiu qun th. Tuy nhin, s lng c th
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cn tng i ln trong vng phn b t nhin; thng xuyn gp trn cc tuyn iu tra. (45) Bnh vi Stephania spp. H: Tit d-Menispermaceae

Vit Nam ghi nhn c 6 loi bnh vi. Bnh vi l cy thn tho mc leo, sng nhiu nm; r c to nh bt quy tc. L n nguyn; h gn chn vt. Cy mc di tn rng nguyn sinh hoc th sinh, trn cc vch . Loi c cha hot cht Rotunda, dng lm thuc an thn. Trong khun kh ca d n, chng ti ch tp trung vo nghin cu c im phn b v tnh trng qun th ca hai loi: (1) bnh vi ni cao (Stephania brachyandra) v (2) bnh vi hoa u (Stephania cepharantha). Bnh vi ni cao Phn b: C Trung Quc (Vn Nam) v Vit Nam (Sa Pa-tnh Lo Cai, x Bnh L-Phong Th, Lai Chu). Cng dng: L ngun nguyn liu thuc qy him. R c c Ltetrahydropalmatin dng lm thuc an thn cha au thn kinh. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi him, thuc mc him (R) trong sch Vit Nam 2007 v nm trong nhm IIa thuc Ngh nh 32-CP. C hai qun th (Lai Chu v Lo Cai) b suy gim mnh, c tnh trn 50%, do quan st thy vic khai thc cc loi Bnh vi ti vng Sa Pa (Lo Cai) v Phong Th (Lai Chu) nm 2002 gim 3-4 ln so vi nm 1992. c tnh din tch ni sng (cc

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khu rng c Bnh vi ni cao mc t nhin) huyn Sa Pa (Lo Cai) v Phong Th (Lai Chu) khng vt qu 500 km2. S lng qun th: Hin cha xc nh chnh xc s lng c th ti Lai Chu v Lo Cai, cn c nghin cu chi tit xc minh. Bnh vi hoa u Phn b: C Trung Quc, i Loan v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, loi ny c pht hin c Qung Ninh (Cm Ph) v Ha Bnh (x Dn Ch, huyn K Sn). Cng dng: R c c dng lm thuc an thn, gy ng; dng lm thuc thanh nhit, gii c, tiu ph. Loi c gi tr l ngun gen him, mi c pht hin Vit Nam. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi c mc sp nguy cp (VU) trong Sch Vit Nam v nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32. Din tch ni sng c tnh < 10 km2, s lng c th suy gim do b khai thc (cng vi cc loi bnh vi khc). S lng c th/qun th: Hin cha bit chnh xc s lng c th 2 qun th nu trn; cn c d n ring bit iu tra qun th ca loi ny. (46) Th hong lin Thalictrum foliolosum DC. 1818. Tn khc: H: Hong lin Mao lng Ranunculaceae

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Phn b: C Apganixtan, Trung Quc, n , Thi Lan v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, th hong lin phn b Lai Chu (x Bnh L-huyn Phong Th; x T Ngo, T Phn, Hng Thu-huyn Sn H), Sn La, Lo Cai (x T Phn, T Ging Phnh-huyn Sa Pa) v H Giang (th trn Ph Bng, x Ph L-huyn ng Vn). Cng dng: Thn r c cha berberin. Theo kinh nghim dn gian, c th dng lm thuc cha bnh ng rut, mn nht, thanh nhit. Loi l ngun gen qy, him i vi Vit Nam. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi nm trong nhm sp nguy cp (VU) Sch Vit Nam, 2007 v thuc nhm IIa trong Ngh nh 32-CP. Mi e da ln nht ca loi l mi trng sng b e da do hot ng pht t lm nng ry. Trong vng 5-10 nm tr li y, s lng c th suy gim trn 50%. S lng qun th: C khong 3-4 qun th vng phn b t nhin nu trn; s lng c th/qun th cn c iu tra mt d n chi tit hn. Loi c thu thp v trng ti vn thuc ca Trm cy thuc Sa Pa (Vin Dc liu) v Trung tm ging cy trng vt nui Ph Bng (H Giang) bo tn chuyn v. (47) Nghin Excentrodendron torulosa (Gagnep.) Chang & Miau, 1978. Synonym: Burretiodendron torulosa (Gagnep.) Kosterm. 1960; Pentace torulosa A. Chev. 1918; Parapentace torulosa Gagnep. 1943, nom. inval. Tn khc: H: Nghin , king , king mt ay - Tiliaceae
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Phn b: C Trung Quc (Qung Ty v Vn Nam) v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, nghin phn b Cao Bng (H Lang, Trng Khnh, Qung Ho, Thch An, Ba B), Qung Ninh, Sn La (Mc Chu), Lng Sn (Bc Sn, Hu Lng, Tuyn Quang (Chim Ho), Bc Kn (Ch n, Na R), H Bc v Ho Bnh. Cng dng: G rt tt, dng lm tht, ng thuyn, lm b my v trong xy dng. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi nm trong nhm nguy cp (EN) trong Sch Vit Nam, 2007 v thuc nhm IIa trong Ngh nh 32-CP. G bn, c dng trong xy dng. Mi e da ln nht i vi loi nghin l khai thc ly g xy dng v xut sang Trung Quc (bt hp php). S lng qun th: S lng cn kh ln, c ni mc gn nh thun loi, tp trung nhiu vng Hu Lin (Lng Sn), Na R, Ch n (Bc Kn), Phong Quang (H Giang), Na Hang (Tuyn Quang). Biu 22: V tr v s lng qun th, c th nghin trong t nhin TT 1 /v hnh chnh KBT Kim Bc Kn 2 3 4 5 VQG Ba B, Bc Phn b u trn ton vn Kn KBT Na Hang, Phn b u trn ton KBT Tuyn Quang KBT Hu Lin, Phn b u trn ton KBT Lng Sn KBT Thn Sa- Phn b u
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Ta /V tr

S lng c th Mc gn nh thun loi trn din tch 1000 ha 100 cy/ha 50 cy/ha 50 cy/ha 20 cy/ha (ch cn

H, X Cao Sn, V Mun

Phng 6 7

Hong,

vng su, ni )

Thi Nguyn KBT Hang Kia- Phn b ri rc trong KBT; 100 cy/ha P C, Ha Bnh tp trung nhiu tiu khu 137 KBT Ngc Sn- Tp trung nhiu nht xm 6000 cy Ng Lung, Ha Bo x Ng Lung. Bnh 8 KBT Hoa L, Ri rc trong KBT 10 cy/ha (cy ti sinh) Ninh Bnh

Cn tng i nhiu trong t nhin; vn ang b khai thc quy m nh (bt hp php). Trong 6 thng u nm 2010, lc lng kim lm Lng Sn thu gi c 9.386 cc tht nghin. (48) Hong tinh hoa trng Disporopsis longifolia Craib, 1912. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Polygonatum laoticum Gagnep. 1934. Hong tinh cch, hong tinh l mc cch Tc tin Convallriaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc, Lo, Thi Lan v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, loi ny phn b Cao Bng (huyn Bo Lc, Trng Khnh, H Qung, Qung Ha), Lng Sn (huyn Bc Sn, Trng nh), Yn Bi (M Cng Chi, Vn Chn), Lai Chu (Sn H, Phong Th), Lo Cai (Mng Khng, Bc H, Bt Xt, Sa Pa), H Giang (Qun B, V Xuyn), Sn la (Mc Chu, Yn Chu), Ha Bnh ( Bc, Lc Thy), Ph Th (Thanh Sn), H Ty (Ba V), Tuyn Quang (Na Hang), Thi Nguyn (V Nhai). Cng dng: l mt v trong cc n thuc iu tr bnh lao phi, c th suy nhc.
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Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi nm trong nhm sp nguy cp (VU) Sch Vit Nam, 2007 v trong nhm IIa Ngh nh 32-CP. Loi c gi tr lm thuc. Hin khng c mi e da no. Ngi dn ch khai thc thc vi mc ch lm thuc ti cng ng. nhiu vng, ngi dn khng bit loi cy ny. S lng qun th: Gp kh ph bin di tn rng l rng thng xanh t H Giang n Qung Bnh. Biu 23: V tr v s lng qun th, c th hong tinh hoa trng trong t nhin TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 n v hnh chnh VQG Ba V, H Ty KBT Sp Cp, Sn La Ta /V tr Phn b u trn Vn Cp Mng. Hong, Thi Nguyn Quang VQG Xun Sn VQG Hong Lin Ri rc trong VQG Ri rc xung quanh VQG 10-20 bi/ha Rt t gp (c th b khai thc mnh) Bo tn tt trong t nhin, c bit ti cc khu rng c dng nh KBT Thn SaPhng Hong (Thi Nguyn), VQG Ba B (Bc Kn), KBT Na Hang (Tuyn Quang), VQG Ba V (H Ni), KBT Sp Cp (Sn La), KBT Hang Kia-P C (Ha Bnh), VQG Cc Phng (Ninh Bnh). (49) Bch hp Lilium brownii Baker, 1885. Synonym: Lilium brownii var. colchesteri wils. ex Stapf. 1921.
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S lng c th 10-15 khm/ha khm/ 200 300 m. (N Ruc) 10-20 bi/ha

Gp nhiu Ph Cm, Pu Mt trn tuyn: 1

KBT Thn Sa-Phng Ri rc trong KBT; tp trung 20-30bi/ha nhiu khu N Ruc KBT Na Hang, Tuyn Ri rc trong KBT

Tn khc: H:

Ti rng, b hp Hnh - Liliaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, loi ny phn b Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Lo Cai. Cng dng: Cha ho nhiu do lao, th huyt, mt mi, hi hp; loi cn c gi tr ngun gen qu lai to ging hoa ly mi. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi c xp vo nhm nguy cp (EN) trong Sch Vit Nam, 2007 v trong nhm IIa Ngh nh 32-CP. khu vc Hong Lin Sn, loi ny cn c ngi dn a phng thu hi hoa bn cho khch du lch. S lng qun th: Cha xc nh c chnh xac s lng qun th, cn c iu tra ring bit. (50) Hong tinh vng Polygonatum kingianum Coll. ex Henrsl. 1890. Tn khc: H: Cy cm np, hong tinh hoa , hong tinh l mc vng Tc tin - Conrallariaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc, Lo v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, loi ny phn b Lo Cai (huyn Sa Pa: th trn Sa Pa, x T Phn), Sn La (huyn Bc Yn: x T Xa), Lai Chu (huyn Sn H: x T Ngo, T Phn, T S Ch, Phng Xu Lin); (huyn Phong Th: Bnh L), Yn Bi (huyn M Cng Chi: x Ch Cu Nha), H Giang (huyn Qun B: x Thi An); (huyn ng Vn: x Ph L, x Sng L v) v Kon Tum (huyn k Glei: x Mng Hoong).

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Cng dng: l mt v thuc trong cc n thuc cha lao phi, suy nhc c th (nh hong tinh hoa trng). Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi thuc nhm IIA trong Ngh nh 32CP v trong nhm sp nguy cp trong Sch Vit Nam, 2007. Cy thuc qu, ang b khai thc mnh trong t nhin v c nguy c b tuyt chng. . S lng qun th: loi phn b ri rc trn ai cao 1000-1800 m thuc cc tnh Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Sn La, in Bin, Lai Chu, H Giang; cha xc nh chnh xc s lng c th. S lng c th c tnh suy gim 50% trong mi nm tr li y. Loi c thu thp v trng bo tn ex situ ti vn Trm cy thuc Sa Pa (Vin Dc liu); cy trng ra hoa qu, ht ging thu c gieo mc c cy con. Cha c bin php c th bo tn insitu. (51) Thch hc Dendrobium nobile Lindl.1830 Synonym: Tn khc: H: D. lindleyanum Griff.. 1851. Hong tho dt, hong tho i g Lan - Orchidaceae

Phn b: Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Sn La, Lai Chu, Ha Bnh, H Ni (Ba V), Tuyn Quang, H Giang, Ngh An, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Lm ng, ng Nai. Cng dng: Cy cho hoa p nn c trng lm cnh v c dng lm thuc.

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Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi nm trong nhm IIA ca Ngh nh 32-CP v thuc nhm nguy cp (EN) trong Sch Vit Nam, 2007. Loi c gi tr lm cnh p v ang b sn lng mnh v ngy cng tr nn him. S lng qun th: Thch hc c vng phn b hu khp trn c nc. Tuy nhin, rt him trong t nhin, ngay c nhng khu rng c dng c bo v nghim ngt. Hin chng cn ri rc trong rng t nhin, rt kh xc nh s lng qun th cng nh c th. S lng qun th v c th suy gim mnh trong 10 nm tr li y. Hin cn rt t trong t nhin, thng bt gp nhng trng thi rng t b tc ng. Cha c hot ng bo tn ti ch cng nh chuyn v. (52) Cy mt l Nervilia spp. Tn khc: H: Thanh thin qu, chn tru, lan mt l Lan - Orchidaceae

Vit Nam chi Nervilia c 6 loi: Nervilia aragoana, N. crispata, N. fordii, N. plicata, N. prainiana v N. infundibulifolia. Phn b: Lan mt l phn b hu khp cc tnh min ni ca Vit Nam: Qung Nam, Nng, Lm ng, ng Nai, Bnh Phc, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, k Lk, Lo cai, Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Qung Ninh, Ha Bnh, Bc Kan, Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang, H Giang, Ph Th, H Ty. Cng dng: L lm thuc gii c, nht l ng c nm; dng n lm thuc bi dng c th, thuc b v mt phi, cha lao phi, ho; dng p ln cc ch au nhc hoc p mn nht cc vt l.
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Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Cc loi lan mt l nm trong nhm IIa ca Ngh nh 32 CP, l i tng hn ch khai thc, s dng. Mi e da ln nht hin nay vn l vn thu hi hy dit; tuy nhin gi bn trn th trng khong 10.000 ng/kg v phn b ri rc nn khng phi l i tng b khai thc ro rit. S lng qun th: Chi Nervillia cn d dng bt gp trong cc sinh cnh m chng thng sng. Biu 24: V tr v s lng qun th, c th lan mt l trong t nhin TT 1 3 5 n v hnh chnh KBT Hu Lin Ta /V tr S lng c th Thung Ging, Thung Hi, 1-3bi nh (2 Thung Vn KBT Na Hang, Tuyn Ri rc trong KBT Quang KBT Nguyn 6 KBT Hang Kia-P Mc ri rc trong rng, gp Khong c nhiu hn cc tiu khu c th 129, 160. 8 VQG Ct Tin, ng Ri rc trong rng, tp trung 2-5 Nai 9 VQG Hong Lin ng Ri rc trong VQG, khu vc 5-10 bi nh Trm Tn, Sn Chi, ng ln (1-2 m2)/ha nh Phanxipang. bi (1-2 nhiu khu vc cy G Bc m2)/ha 1000 C, Ha Bnh Thn Sa- Ri rc trong KBT (ni t) 5-10 bi nh (1-2 m2)/ha Phng Hong, Thi m2)/ha Rt t gp

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Lan mt l c bo tn tng i tt ti cc khu rng c dng; mt s a phng ngi dn khng khai thc loi ny. (53) Hinh vi (loi mi b sung) Keteleeria davidiana (Bertrand) Beissn Synonym: Tn khc: H:
Keteleeria calcatea W.C. Cheng et L.K. Fu; K. davidiana var.calcarea (W.C. Cheng et L.K. Fu). Silba.

Du sam vi, hinh ni , t hp vi, thng trng Thng-Pinaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc (Vn Nam, Qung Ty) v Vit Nam (Bc Kn, Cao Bng, H Giang). Cng dng: G tt c dng trong xy dng, ng . Cy c dng p c th trng lm cnh; c gi tr ngun gen qu. Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi nm trong nhm rt cp (EN) Sch Vit Nam, 2007. Trong khong 10 nm tr li y, kch thc qun th suy gim ti 90% do b khai thc v mt mi trng sng, ti sinh ht km. Vng phn b hin nay c tnh di 100 km2, b chia ct nghim trng. Ni c tr c tnh di 10 km2. S lng qun th: Hin nay c 2 qun th c ghi nhn Kim H (Bc Kn), kch thc qun th c tnh ch cn di 50 c th trng thnh.

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(54) Thit sam gi l ngn (loi b sung thm) Pseudotsuga brevifolia W.C Cheng & L.K.Fu, 1975. Synonym: Tn khc: H:
Pseudotsuga sinensis Dode var. Brevifolia (W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu) Farjon & Silba. 1990.

Thit sam gi l ngn, Thng ni , Sa cng (Mng) Thng-Pinaceae

Phn b: C Trung Quc (Qu Chu, Qung Ty) v Vit Nam c cc tnh vng ng bc nh Bc Kn (Na R), Cao Bng (Nguyn Bnh, Tr Lnh, H Lang, Bo Lc), H Giang (Yn Minh, ng Vn, Mo Vc) . Cng dng: G tng i tt c dng trong xy dng, ng . Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da: Loi nm trong nhm sp nguy cp (VU) Sch Vit Nam, 2007. Trong 10 nm tr li y, kch thc qun th suy gim ti trn 50%. Din tch ni c tr hin nay < 2000 km2, b chia ct. S lng qun th: Mc ri rc trn cc nh ni vi vng ng Bc, c ch mc gn nh thun loi (Kim H).

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Phn IV Kt lun v xut 1. Kt lun Cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him trong Ngh nh 32, bao gm 52 loi v nhm loi, l nhng loi c gi tr cao v kinh t, khoa hc, bo tn ngun gen v cng l i tng b tc ng mnh, d c nguy c b tuyt chng trong t nhin. Da trn kt qu iu tra ban u ca cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him theo ND-32 trn ton quc, c bit tr trng n cc khu rng c dng c thit lp vi mc ch bo tn loi, chng ti c kt lun nh sau: 1. Nhm loi b khai thc mnh ang c nguy c sp bin mt trong t nhin (7 loi v nhm loi) nh: hong n, sa, thng nc, sm ngc linh, sm v dip, tam tht hoang, cc loi lan hi v thch hc. 2. Nhm loi do c vng phn b hp, s lng qun th/c th nh nhng t b khai thc v mc ch thng mi cng c nguy c b tuyt chng do b mt mi trng sng (9 loi) nh: bch vng, bch i loan, vn sam phanxipang, thng bc, thng nam, thng p c, nh tng, bch xanh v bch xanh . 3. Nhm loi c s lng c th tng i ln, vng phn b rng nhng do gi tr kinh t cao nn ang b sn lng rt mnh (bt hp php) s dn ti nguy c suy gim nghim trng v s lng c th trng thnh (8 loi) nh: g , cm lai b ra, trc, mun, trai l, lim xanh, v hng v g hng. 4. Nhm loi c vng phn b rng b khai thc nhiu nhng vn cn nhiu kh nng ti sinh phc hi nu c qun l tt nh (5 loi v nhm loi): cc loi lan mt l, hong ng, vng ng, ng sm, cc loi t tn, cc loi bnh vi. 5. Mt s loi c gi tr thng mi ln, rt kh gp trong t nhin, nhng c thun dng, gy trng ti cc vn cy cnh, vn rng ca cc h gia nh
92

(cng ty nh). i tng ny hin cha c v rt kh iu tra c th s lng nh: cc loi lan hi, thch hc v sa. 6. Hin trng bo tn chuyn v cho mt s loi gp kh khn v ti sinh, c nguy c b tuyt chng cao trong t nhin cha t v quy m v hiu qu. Cc hot ng ny phn ln di hnh thc cc d n nh c ti tr bi cc t chc quc t hoc t chnh ph Vit Nam. Cn c mt chng trnh bo tn ngoi vi vi quy m quc gia i vi nhng loi thc s nguy cp. 7. Cc nghin cu v nhn ging theo phng php sinh dng (c nui cy m) cho mt s loi cn hn ch, cha th p dng rng ri. 8. Cng tc bo tn ti ch c hiu qu mt s khu rng c dng, nhng cha thc s ngn chn c tnh trng khai thc bt hp php. 9. Tnh trng khai thc, s dng, bun bn cc loi nguy cp qu him vn din ra mc d theo lut nh th cc hot ng ny b cm. Ti mt s khu rng c dng hnh thnh nn cc vn m (trong dn) nhn ging, kinh doanh cc loi thc vt thuc nhm Ia. 2. xut 2.1. Mt s gii php qun l cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him T nhng kt qu nghin cu trn, chng ti a ra mt s kin ngh nh sau: Cn tng cng u t cho chng trnh bo tn ti ch (in-situ) v chuyn ch (ex-situ) cc vn quc gia v cc khu bo tn; c chng trnh o to i ng cn b nhn vin lm cng tc bo tn chuyn su hn c kh nng gim st a dng sinh hc ni chung v cc loi nguy cp ni ring; u tin ngun lc u t nng cp cc vn su tp thc vt c dung lng c th ca cc loi ang c nguy c b e do hoc b tuyt chng m bo
93

cng tc bo tn, lu gi ngun gen, ng thi to cnh quan du lch gp phn nng cao nhn thc bo tn cc loi ny i vi cng ng. ng thi phi hp vi chnh quyn a phng xy dng quy ch thng nht qun l vng m, xy dng mt s m hnh vn rng, trng cy phn tn n tng h gia nh theo hng bo tn nng tri (on-farm) mt s loi cy qu him b e do c gi tr cao. Cn hon thin h thng chnh sch quc gia v bo tn v pht trin ng thc vt hoang d nhm thc hin bo tn v pht trin ngoi thin nhin m vn m bo c cc li ch chnh ng ca cng ng v thu nhp, sinh k. Sm xem xt vic xy dng mi mt chnh sch v qun l, bo v v bun bn cho cc loi thc vt hoang d. Nu c nh hng v qun l tt, vic gy trng cc loi thc vt hoang d c gi tr cao co th l mt ngh kinh doanh em li thu nhp cho a phng gp phn xa i gim ngho, ci thin i sng cho ngi dn sinh sng vng min ni v cng dng bin php ny nh mt cng c thc y s hp tc ca cng ng trong vic bo v qun th cc loi b khai thc qu mc a phng. 2.2. B sung cho danh mc cc loi thc vt trong Ngh nh 32 i vi nhng loi c s lng c th cn qu t trong t nhin, khng cn kh nng ti sinh t nhin, th nn a ra khi danh mc 32 to hnh lang php l cho cc hot ng nhn ging, gy trng trong nhn dn nhm nng cao s lng c th. V thc t, vic a cc loi ny vo danh mc cng khng c tc dng bo tn, m tri li, c th gy mt s cn tr i vi vic pht trin gy nui, nhn ging phc v bo tn hoc pht trin kinh t. Nhng loi c coi l tuyt chng hoc gn tuyt chng th ch nn dng mc a vo Sch nhm mc ch cnh bo. V d, trong Ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP, c cc loi sm ngc linh (Panax vietnamensis), hong n (Cupressus torulosa) l nhng loi c coi l tuyt chng ngoi thin nhin th nn a ra khi Ngh nh 32.

94

Cn c tiu ch ton din (khoa hc, mc khai thc bun bn, Tnh trng bo tn v mi e da trng suy gim qun th) xem xt cc loi trong Ngh nh 32. Mt s loi trong Ngh nh ny b chi phi nhiu bi ngha khoa hc. V d, trong Ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP, nu xt theo tiu ch b khai thc, s dng v bun bn qu mc, th mt s loi khng b nh hng do cc nguyn nhn ny nh: bch i Loan (Taiwania cryptomerioides), bch vng (Xanthocyparis vietnamensis), vn sam Phan Xi Png (Abies delavayi fansipanensis), thng P C (Pinus kwangtungensis); nh tng krempfii). i vi mt s loi khc do qun th cn kh nguyn vn v khng b tc ng, kh nng ti sinh t nhin tt v c vng phn b rng (ng sm, hong ng v vng ng) th khng cn thit phi a vo danh mc cn bo v to c s cho cc hot ng kinh doanh v qun l bn vng cc loi trn. Da trn thc trng qun th loi, c im sinh hc, phn b, tnh trng suy gim qun th v mc khai thc s dng, bun bn trn th trng v cc tiu ch phn hng cho cc loi nguy cp qu him (ph lc 1), chng ti xut b sung v a ra mt s loi trong danh mc nh 32 nh sau: Biu 24: xut cc loi thc vt cn b sung, chuyn hng v a ra khi Ngh nh 32 a a Chuyn vo Tn khoa hc ra hng 32 32 Nhm Ia Cupressus x torulosa Abies delavayi fansipanensis x
95

(Cephalotaxus mannii), du sam

(Keteleeria evelyniana), thng Lt (Pinus dalatensis) v thng l dt (P.

TT 1 2

Tn loi Hong n Vn sam Phanxipang

Ghi ch S lng c th cn qu t trong t nhin Qun th cn kh nguyn ven, khng b khai thc

Sm ngc linh

Panax vietnamensis x Nhm IIa Taxus chinensis Panax stipuleanatus Codonopsis javanica x Ia Ia

S lng c th cn qu t trong t nhin, cc hot ng gy trng rt ph bin Ia Ia Gi tr khng ln, phn b rng v ti sinh mnh

1 2 3 4 5

Thng bc Tam tht hoang ng sm (Sm leo) Trc (Cm lai nam)

Dalbergia cochinchinensis Dalbergia oliveri Cm lai (Cm (D. bariensis, D. lai b ra) mammosa) Hong ng Fibraurea tinctoria Coscinium fenestratum x

Vng ng

ang c s dng vi khi lng ln trong dc liu ang c s dng vi khi lng ln trong dc liu

1 2 3

Hinh vi Thit sam gi l ngn Cc loi hong tho

Mt s loi b sung Ia Kateleeria davidiana Ia Pseudotsuga sinensis IIa Dendrobium spp.

Ti sinh km

Ghi ch:Mt s lun im gii thch cho vic chuyn hng, b sung v a mt s loi ra khi danh mc ND-32 Trn c s ni dung ca biu (24), mt danh lc mi cho cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him nhm hon thin hn cho danh mc trong Ngh nh 32 c xut biu (25). Danh mc thc vt mi xut, v c bn, p ng cc nguyn tc v tiu ch (ph lc 1) v nhn c s ng thun cao ca cc nh khoa hc trong hi tho khoa hc ti c s.
96

Biu 25: Danh mc cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him mi thay th cho danh mc trong Ngh nh 32/2006/CP ( xut) TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Tn Vit Nam Nhm Ia Tam tht hoang Bch i Loan Bch vng Thng bc (Thanh tng) Thng P c Thng nam Thng nc (Thu tng) Hong lin gai (Hong m) Hong mc (Nghu hoa) Trc (Cm lai nam) Cm lai (Cm lai b ra) Hinh vi Thit sam gi l ngn Mun sc (Th bong) Sa (Hu mc vng) Hong lin Trung Quc Hong lin chn g Cc loi Lan kim tuyn Cc loi Lan hi Nhm IIa nh tng (Ph ba mi) Bch xanh (Tng hng) Bch xanh P mu Du sam Thng Lt (Thng 5 Lt) Thng l dt Sa mc du Cc loi Tu Sm v dip (V dip tam tht) Cc loi T tn Thit inh G (C te) Lim xanh G mt (G mt)
97

Tn khoa hc Panax stipuleanatus Taiwania cryptomerioides Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Taxus chinensis Pinus kwangtungensis Taxus wallichiana (T. baccata wallichiana) Glyptostrobus pensilis Berberis julianae Berberis wallichiana Dalbergia cochinchinensis Dalbergia oliveri (D. bariensis, D. mammosa) Kateleeria davidiana Pseudotsuga sinensis Diospyros salletii Dalbergia torulosa Coptis chinensis Coptis quinquesecta Anoectochilus spp. Paphiopedilum spp. Cephalotaxus mannii Calocedrus macrolepis Calocedrus rupestris Fokienia hodginsii Keteleeria evelyniana Pinus dalatensis Pinus krempfii Cunninghamia konishii Cycas spp. Panax bipinnatifidum Asarum spp. Markhamia stipulata Afzelia xylocarpa Erythrophloeum fordii Sindora siamensis

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

G lau Trai l (Ri) Ging hng (Ging hng tri to) G hng (Qu balansa) Re xanh phn (Re hng) V hng (X x) Cc loi Bnh vi Th hong lin Nghin Hong tinh hoa trng (Hong tinh cch) Bch hp Hong tinh vng Cc loi lan hong tho Cy mt l (Lan mt l)

Sindora torulosa Garcinia fagraeoides Pterocarpus macrocarpus Cinnamomum balansae Cinnamomum glaucescens Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Stephania spp. Thalictrum foliolosum Excentrodendron torulosa (Burretiodendron torulosa) Disporopsis longifolia Lilium brownii Polygonatum kingianum Dendrobium spp. Nervilia spp.

Theo bn danh mc mi xut th s loi nguy cp qu him thuc nhm IA l 19 loi v nhm loi, tng thm 4 loi so vi danh mc ca Ngh nh 32/2006/CP (15 loi); s loi v nhm loi thuc nhm IIA l 29 loi, gim i 8 loi so vi danh mc Ngh nh 32/2006/CP (37). Tng s loi v nhm loi trong bn danh mc mi xut l 48 loi v nhm loi.

98

Ti liu tham kho 1. Averyanov v cng s (2008): Lan hi Vit Nam. Nxb Giao thng Vn ti, TP H Ch Minh. 2. B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng (2007): Sch Vit Nam - Phn 2: thc vt, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni, Vit Nam. 3. B NN v PTNT (2003): Cc vn bn php quy v qun l v bo v rng. NXB Nng nghip, H Ni, Vit Nam. 4. Chnh ph nc CHXHCN Vit Nam (2004): K hoch hnh ng quc gia v tng cng qun l bun bn ng, thc vt hoang d n nm 2010. NXB Lao ng, H Ni, Vit Nam. 5. Chnh ph nc CHXHCN Vit Nam (2006): H thng vn bn php lut Vit Nam (http://www.chinhphu.vn). 6. Cc Kim lm (2007): Bo co thng k cc v vi phm v lm sn v ng vt hoang d trong ton quc. H Ni, Vit Nam. 7. L Th Xun, M. Shemluck & Mai Vn Tr (1996): Cy Thng Lm ng, mt ngun nguyn liu qu sn xut thuc cha ung th nhmtaxoid. TCHo hc 34 (1): 80 81. 8. L Trn Chn (1999): Mt s c im c bn ca h thc vt Vit Nam. NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. 9. Nguyn c T Lu, Phillip Ian Thomas, 2004: Cy l kim Vit Nam. Nh xut bn Th gii, H Ni. 10. Nguyn Hong Ngha, 2004: Cc loi cy l kim Vit Nam. Nh xut bn Nng nghip, H Ni. 11. Nguyn Hong Ngha, Nguyn Vn Th, 2005: Kt qu gim hom V hng phc v bo tn ngun gen cy rng. Tp ch Nng nghip &PTNT, 16/2005, 72-73. 12. Nguyn Hong Ngha, Trn Vn Tin, 2002: Kt qu nhn ging Bch xanh, P mu, Thng ti Lm ng. Tp ch Nng nghip &PTNT, s 6/2002, 530-531. 13. Nguyn Tp (2006): Danh lc cy thuc Vit Nam nm 2006. Tp ch Dc liu, tp 36
99

14. Nguyn Tin Hip v cng s, 2004: Thng Vit Nam nghin cu hin trng v bo tn. Nh xut bn Lao ng x hi, H Ni. 15. Phm Hong H (2003): Cy c Vit Nam, Quyn I, II v III. NXB Tr, TP H Ch Minh. 16. Phan K Lc & Nguyn Tin Hip (1997): Cc loi ht trn ca Vit Nam b e do tiu dit v s c mt ca chng trong cc khu bo tn. TC Lm nghip, 1:18 20. 17. Phan K Lc, Nguyn Tin Hip (1999): C hay khng Cunninghamia konishii Hayata mc hoang d Vit Nam v tn khoa hc ca sa mc du l g?. Tuyn tp Hi tho khoa hc v Bc dy Trng Sn. NXB i hc Quc gia H Ni. 18. T Vn Tho, Nguyn c T Lu & Nguyn Tin Hip (2004). nh gi hin trng bo tn v nhn ging bng gimhomloi Bch vng H Giang. TC NN&PTNT 1 (37): 116 119. 19. Trn Ngc Hi, Phm Thanh H (2008): S tay hng dn nhn bit mt s loi thc vt rng qu him Vit Nam. Nh xut bn Nng nghip, H Ni. 20. V Vn Chi v Trn Hp (1999-2001): Cy c c ch Vit Nam (tp 1 v tp 2). Nxb Gio dc, H Ni, Vit Nam. 21. V Vn Cn, V Vn Dng, L Vn Chm (1999): Pht hin mt loi mi thuc h Hong n-Cy Ch Thunja quanbaensis sp. nov. vng ni vi tnh H Giang. Tp ch bo v v pht trin bn vng rng v a dng sinh hc trn ni vi ca Vit Nam. Vin iu tra quy hoch rng tr. 12-13. 22. V Vn Dng v cng s (2009): Vietnam Forest Trees (ti bn ln th 2). NXB Lao ng x hi. 23. Nguyen Tien Hiep & Phan Ke Loc. 1997. THE CYCADS OF VIETNAM (species composition, distribution, ecology, utilization, threatened status and conservation). Proc. NCST Vietnam, 9, 2: 91-99.

100

Ph Lc 1: Danh sch cc chuyn gia tham gia vo d n 1. ng V Vn Dng, chuyn gia thc vt v bo tn, Vin iu tra Quy hoch rng. 2. GS.TS. Phan K Lc, chuyn gia thc vt, Trung tm bo tn thc vt, Vin Khoa hc Vit Nam. 3. TS. Nguyn Tin Hip, Trung tm Bo tn thc vt, Vin Khoa hc Vit Nam 4. TS. Nguyn Tp, phng ti nguyn thc vt, Vin Dc liu, B Y t. 5. ng Trn Ngc Hi, chuyn gia thc vt, ging vin trng i hc Lm nghip , Xun Mai, H Ni. 6. TS. Nguyn Thnh Mn, Trung tm nghin cu thc nghim lm sinh Lm ng. 7. ng Trn Duy Hng, chuyn gia thc vt, ging vin trng i hc Lm nghip , Xun Mai, H Ni. 8. ng Phng Vn Ph, chuyn gia thc vt, ging vin trng i hc Lm nghip, Xun Mai, H Ni. 9. ng L Cnh Nam, gim c VQG Bidoup-Ni B, Lm ng. 10. ng Chu Dng, nguyn ph chi Cc trng Chi cc Kim lm Ngh An. 11. ng Xun Cm, chuyn gia thc vt, ging vin i hc Hu. 12. ng Nguyn Vn Hnh, Ph gim c VQG Hong Lin, Tnh Lo Cai.

101

Ph lc 2: M t c im cc loi thc vt nguy cp qu him (1) Hong n

Cupressus torulosa D. Don, 1825.

Tn khc: H:

Hong n chi lng Hong n - Cupressaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g nh, thng xanh, cao 15-20m, ng knh ngang ngc 40-60 cm. V mu xm nu, bong mng; cnh chia nhnh trn cng mt mt phng. C hai loi l: l trng thnh v l cha trng thnh. L trng thnh hnh vy, m st vo cnh, xp i hnh ch thp. L cha trng thnh hnh di, mc vng, thng xut hin cnh non. Nn n tnh cng gc. Nn c mu vng nht, di 4-5 mm. Nn ci hnh cu mang 6 -8 vy hnh khin. c im sinh hc: Thng mc cao 400-600 m (Hu Lin), trn t phong ha t vi, ni c kh hu nhit i c ma ng lnh, nhit trung bnh nm khong 220 C, lng ma 1500 mm/nm (Hu Lin). Trong t nhin chng thng mc cng vi mt s loi: thch bc b (Acer tonkinense), hp hoan (Albizia kalkora), nghin (Excentrodendron tonkinense), v lng mang l ct (Pterospermum truncatolobatum).

102

Hong n (Cupressus torulosa)

(3)

Hong n trong t nhin ti KBT Hu Lin. nh: L Mnh Tun

Hong n c trng ti KBT Hu Lin. nh: L Mnh Tun

Qu hong n nh: L Mnh Tun

103

(2) Bch i loan Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata,1906. Tn khc: Synonym: H: Bch tn i loan Taiwania flousiana Gaussen, 1939. Bt mc-Taxodiaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, cao ti 40 m, ng knh ti 1,2 m. Thn trn thng; tn hnh thp rng. V mu nu , nt dc. L c c hai dng: l gi dng vy, di 8 mm, c l kh hai mt; l non thng di hn l gi, mu xanh nht. c im sinh hc: Mc cao 1800-2100 m, trn t phong ha t granit, ni c nhit trung bnh nm khong 13oC, lng ma trn 3000 mm/nm. Loi ny thng mc cng vi p mu (Fokienia hodginsii). La rng c coi l nhn t sinh thi bch i loan ti sinh. Ti sinh khng thng xuyn. Bch i loan (Taiwania cryptomerioides)

Ngun nh: Wikipedia.org

104

(3) Bch vng Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & N. T. Hiep, 2002. Tn khc: H: Ch; bch vng vit Hong n-Cupressaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g nh, cao ti 10 m, ng knh ngang ngc ti 50 (-80) cm; tn c hnh thp nhn khi non v tr nn rng, dt khi trng thnh; thn thng hi xon vn; v mu nu , nt dc. Cy c ba dng l: l non hnh mi mc, mc vng trn cnh non; l chuyn tip hnh mi mc v l trng thnh hnh vy mc i, xp thnh mt phng. Nn qu n tnh cng gc. Nn ci mc nch l, gn u cnh. Mi nn ci mang 7-9 ht. Ht c cnh mu nu . c im sinh thi: Mc ri rc trong rng nguyn sinh, ai cao khong 1000 m; ni c nhit trung bnh nm 14-18oC, lng ma 2000-2400 mm/nm. Cy thng mc cng vi thit sam gi (Pseudotsuga sinensis), kim giao (Nageia fleuryi), thng tre l ngn (Podocarpus pilgeri), thng bc (Taxus chinensis) v d tng (Amentotaxus sp.). Ti sinh trong t nhin gp kh khn.

105

Bch vng (Xanthocyparis vietnamensis)

(4)

Hnh thi l, thn v cy ti sinh nh: T Vn Tho

106

(4) Vn sam phanxipang Abies delavayi Franch. subsp. fansipanensis (Q. P. Xiang & al.) Rushforth, 1999. Tn khc: Synonym: H: Vn sam hong lin sn Abies delavayi var. nukiangensis auct. non. Farjon & Silba, 1990: N. T. Hiep & J. E. Vidal, 1996. Thng-Pinaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, cao ti 30 m. Cnh nh, nhn, thng c lng mu vng. Chi cnh hnh trng c bao bc hon ton. L di 1-4 cm, rng 0,1-0,3 cm; u l ch i nng v mp hi c rng ca. Mt di l c hai di l kh mu trng mc. L mc dy c u cnh. Nn qu n tnh cng gc. Nn ci hnh trng, di 6-10 cm, mang nhiu vy hnh tam gic hay hnh qut. Mi vy mang 2 ht mu nu. Ht c cnh. c tnh sinh thi: Thng mc trn cc sn dc hoc nh dng, cao 2600-3000 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 9-11oC vi lng ma 2.500-3.500 mm/nm. Loi thng c pht hin trng thi rng nguyn sinh, hn giao, hoc thng mc cng vi loi thit sam ni t (Tsuga dumosa) trong trng thi rng tre trc. Cy con ti sinh khng chu bng. Vn sam phanxipang (Abies delavayi)

(5)

nh: Nguyn Vn Hnh cung cp 107

(5) Thng p c Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang, 1948. Tn khc: H: Thng nm l p c Thng-Pinaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln cao 15-20 m, ng knh 50-70 cm; thn thng c ru ph bn ngoi; tn xe rng. B l c cha 5 l; l hi cong, di 4-7 cm, rng 11,2 mm, mp c rng ca. Nn n tnh cng gc; nn qu di 6-7 cm, ng knh 4-5 cm; mi nn mang khong 20-35 vy; mt vy hnh thoi. Ht hnh bu dc, c cnh mng u. c im sinh thi: Thng mc trn cc dng, nh ni a vi, cao 9001400 mm, nhit trung bnh nm 14-20oC, lng ma ln hn 1200 mm/nm. Thng mc thnh m thun loi trong rng nguyn sinh, hoc mc xen ln vi cc loi thit sam gi (Pseudotsuga sinensis) p mu (Fokienia hodginsii), thng tre l ngn (Podocarpus pilgeri), kim giao ni (Nageia fleuryi), nh tng (Cephalotaxus mannii) v thng bc (Taxus chinensis). Loi gp kh khn trong ti sinh t nhin. Cy con khng chu bng.

108

Thng p c (Pinus kwangtungensis)

Nn v cnh thng p c nh: Phng Vn Ph

109

(6) Thng nam Taxus wallichiana Zucc. 1843. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Taxus baccata L. Subsb. Wallichiana Pilg. 1903. Sam ht l di, thng lm ng, thng hymalaya Thng -Taxaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, ng knh ngang ngc t ti 160 cm, cao ti 30 m. L hnh di, hi cong hnh ch S, mc xon c, gc vn, xp thnh 2 dy bn cnh. L di 3-4 cm rng 2 cm; u l nhn. Thng nam l loi n tnh khc gc. Qu c nng knh 1 cm, khi chn c mu , c cha ht mu nu sm. ng knh ht khong 7 mm. c im sinh thi: Thng mc thnh cc qun th nh trong rng nguyn sinh l rng thng xanh hoc rng hn giao, cao 900-1600 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 15-21oC, lng ma trn 1500 mm/nm. Thng nam thng mc hn giao vi cc loi cy l kim khc nh: nh tng (Cephalotaxus mannii), bch tng (Podocarpus imbricatus), hng tng (Dacrydium pierrei), thng tre (Podocarpus neriifolius), thng hai l dt (Pinus krempfii) v cc loi cy l rng thuc h d, re, ngc lan, sim, quyn.

110

Thng nam (Taxus wallichiana)

(9)

nh: Nguyn Thnh Mn

111

(7) Thng nc Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunt) K. Koch, 1873. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Thuja pensilis Staunt. 1979. Thy tng Bt mc-Taxodiaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, rng l vo ma kh, cao ti 30 m, ng knh ngang ngc ti 100 cm. Tn hnh thp nhn khi cn non v xe rng khi gi. V dy, hi xp, nt dc, mu nu xm. Gc hi c bnh v. R kh sinh mc quanh gc. L c hai dng: l dinh dng di 0,6-2,3 cm, hnh mi di (cnh non); l hnh vy mc trn cnh sinh sn. Nn n tnh cng gc. Nn ci hnh trng. Mi vy mang 2 ht di 5-6 mm; ht c cnh di 3 mm. c im sinh thi: Cy thng mc trong vng m ly, trn cao 550-750 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 22-24oC, lng ma 1300-1800 mm/nm. Loi thng mc cng vi cc loi trm (Syzygium spp.), du tr beng (Dipterocarpus obtusifolius). Loi gp kh khn trong ti sinh bng ht (cha gp ti sinh trong t nhin). Thng nc (Glyptostrobus pensilis)

(8)

Qu v v l thng nc 112

(8) Hong lin gai Berberis julianae Schneid. 1913. Tn khc: H: Hong lin gai l nh, hong lin ba gai, hong m Hong lin gai-Berberdiaceae

Hnh thi: Cy bi, cao 2-3 m; thn v r c mu vng m; cnh c gai-c chia lm 3 nhnh. Gai mc di nch l. L mc vng-3 n 7 chic; phin l cng, thun di; mp l c rng ca nh. Hoa mu vng nht, mc thnh cm nch l. Qu khi chn c mu en; mi qu c mt ht. c im sinh thi: L loi chu bng, thng mc di tn rng, ni c nhiu cy g nh, trn ni vi, ai cao trn 1500 m. Hong lin gai (Berberis julianae)

(9)

Ngun nh: S tay nhn bit thc vt nguy cp qu him

113

(9) Hong mc Berberis wallichiana DC. 1824. Tn khc: H: Nghu hoa, tiu la hn, hong m Hong lin gai-Berberidaceae

Hnh thi: Cy bi trn, cao 2-3 m; thn v r c mu vng m. Thn phn nhiu cnh v c ging di. Gai phn 3 nhnh v mc di cc vng l. L thun di, mc t 3-5 ci theo vng; mp l c rng ca; u l nhn sc. Hoa mu vng, mc thnh cm nch l. Qu mng, khi chn c mu tm en. Mi qu c mt ht. c im sinh thi: Loi chu bng hoc c th hi a sng, thng mc di tn rng hoc trn nng ry ai cao 1600 m, ni c kh hu mt quanh nm. Hong mc (Berberis wallichiana)

(11) (10)

(112)

Ngun nh: S tay nhn bit thc vt nguy cp qu him 114

(10) Mun sc Diospyros salletii Lec. Tn khc: H: Th bng, th salt Th-Ebenaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g nh, cao khong 12m; v mu xm en; cnh non mu xanh sau chuyn dn sang en. L n, mc cch, xp hai bn thnh mt mt phng, di 7-10 cm, rng 2-4 cm; gn l 8-10 i. Hoa mc n c nch l. Qu hnh cu, ng knh 2,5 cm. Mi qu mang 8 ht. c im sinh thi: Mc ri rc di tn rng thng xanh, trn ai cao 600900 m; cy chu bng, chim tng di ca tn rng. Mun sc (Diospyros salletii)
(11) Ngu n nh: S tay nh n bi t th c v t nguy c p qu hi m

(12)

Ngun nh: S tay nhn bit thc vt nguy cp qu him

115

(11) Sa Dalbergia torulosa Prain, 1901. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Dalbergia boniana Gagnep. 1913. Sa trng, hu mc vng, trc thi, hunh n u-Fabaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g trung bnh hay ln, cao 15-20 m, ng knh ngang ngc 5070 cm, rng l v ma ng. V cy mu xm; tht v vng; cnh non mu xanh. L kp lng chim mt ln l, mang 7-17 l cht. L cht hnh bu dc; gc l trn. Mt trn ca l xanh thm, mt di xanh nht. Nch l c l km hnh di. Cm hoa hnh chy, mc nch l; trng hoa mu trng. Qu u, di 5-7 cm, rng 2-2,5 cm. Mi qu mang 1-2 ht hnh thn. c im sinh thi: Chu bng khi nh, khi ln th a sang. Loi thng mc ri rc trong rng l rng thng xanh, thch hp ni t m, tng t dy.

116

Sa (Dalbergia torulosa)

L v thn nh: Trn Ngc Hi

Hnh thi v v cy nh: Phm Quc Hng

117

(12) Hong lin trung quc Coptis chinensis Franch. 1897. Tn khc: H: Hong lin, hong lin bc, hong lin chn g Mao lng-Ranunculaceae

Hnh thi: Cy tho sng nhiu nm. Thn r mu vng, thng phn nhnh. L c cung, di 10 25 cm, mc tp trung gc. Phin l mng, chia thnh 3 thy chnh, mp kha rng khng u; thy gia gn ging hnh tam gic cn, x thy th cp hnh lng chim, 2 thy bn ging nhau, chia thnh hai thy su khng u, c cung ngn hn thy gia. Cm hoa gm 3 - 5 ci, mc trn mt cung chung, di ti 25 cm. Hoa nh, mu vng. L i 5, hnh trng hp; trng 5. Nh nhiu. Bu nh, 6 - 9 , qu hch, di 6 - 8mm, c cung. Ht 6 - 12, nh. c im sinh thi: Mc bm trn , trn gc cy g hoc lp thm mc, di tn rng nh ni; cao khong t 1700 (Thi An); 2600 2800 m (Hong Lin Sn). Cy a bng, a m, kh hu mt quanh nm (thuc vng ni cao), thng mc thnh m nh ri rc di tn rng. Hong lin trung quc (Coptis chinensis)

nh: Nguyn Vn Hnh cung cp 118

(13) Hong lin chn g Coptis quinquesecta W. T. Wang, 1957. Tn khc: H: Hong lin Mao lng-Ranunculaceae

Hnh thi: Cy thn tho sng nhiu nm. Thn r mu vng nu, phn nhnh, khi gi c th b rng rut. Phin l mng dai, x 5 thy gn nh hnh chn vt; thy gia ln hn cc thy bn. Mp l c rng ca khng u. Cung l di 10 35cm, mc tp trung 3 - 6 ci gc. Cm hoa gm 2 - 3 ci, mc tp trung trn mt cung chung di ti 30 cm. Hoa nh mu vng xanh. L i 5, hnh mc rng, u nhn dn; cnh hoa nh hn i, hnh tha, c tuyn. Nh nhiu. Bu nhiu , qu hch, c cung. Ht nhiu, nh, mu nu en. c im sinh thi: Loi chu bng, a m, ni c kh hu mt quanh nm. Cy thng mc thnh nhng m nh di tn rng, trn thm mc trong hc c ru v nhiu mn, di tn rng kn thng xanh.

119

Hong lin chn g (Coptis quinquesecta)

(13) (14)

nh: Trn Ngc Hi

120

(14) Lan kim tuyn

Anoectochilus spp. H: Lan-Ochidaceae

Hnh thi: L loi thn tho, b trn mt t, cao 10-20 cm, phn non c lng tha. L hnh trng; gc l trn. Phin l di 3-4 cm, rng 2-3 cm; mt trn c mu nu thm, c di vng xanh gia; gn mu hng nht. Mt di l c mu hng nht. Cung l c b, m ly thn. Cm hoa mu hng, di 5-7 cm, mang 510 hoa. Qu di khong 1 cm, c lng tha. c im sinh thi: Mc ri rc trong rng ni vi, ni m, dc theo khe sui, cao 300 - 1000 m. Cy a bng, k nh sng trc tip.

121

Lan kim tuyn (Anoectochilus spp)

Lan kim tuyn (Anoectochilus roxburghii ) nh: Phan K Lc

Lan kim tuyn (Anoectochilus sp.) Khe nc trong, Qung Bnh nh: L Mnh Tun 122

(15) Cc loi lan hi

(Paphiopedilum spp.) H: Lan-Ochidaceae

Cc loi lan hi (Paphiopedilum spp) l mt nhm c bit ca h lan. c im nhn dng bi hoa c mt cnh hoa hnh ti gia, ging chic hi. Vit Nam, hin c 23 loi lan hi c pht hin trong t nhin (Averyanov, 2008), u thuc chi Paphiopedilum. Nhiu loi lan hi ca Vit Nam thuc dng rt him v c tnh c hu hp nh: lan hi mc (Paphiopedilum micranthum), lan hi xanh (P. malipoense), lan hi henri (P. henryanum), v lan hi trng (P. hangianum). Cng ging nh cc loi lan kim tuyn, vic nhn bit cc loi lan hi ti hin trng cn phi c mt kin thc nht nh v phn loi thc vt.

123

Cc loi lan hi (Paphiopedilum spp.)

Lan hi hen ry (P. hirsutissimum var. esquirolei) VQG Ba B nh: L Mnh Tun

Lan hi mc (P. micranthum) nh: Phan K Lc 124

Lan hi hen ry (P. henryanum) nh: Phan K Lc

(16) nh tng

Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. f. 1886. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Cephalotaxus hainanensis H. L. Li, 1953. Ph ba mi, ph lc b nh tng-Cephalotaxaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g trung bnh hay ln, cao khong 20-30m, ng knh ngang ngc 50-110 cm. V bong mng, c mu hng. Cnh mc i, xe ngang. L hnh di, hi cong, di 1,5-3,5 cm, rng 3-4,5 mm, xp thnh mt phng, thnh 2 hng, dng rng lc b. Mt trn mu lc sm; mt di c 2 dy l kh mu trng lam. Nn c mc chm 8-10 ci. Nn ci hnh trn hay hnh trng, mc n l nch l, thnh cm 3-5 ci. Mi nn mang 9-10 vy; mi vy mang 2 ht hnh trng. Ht di 2,5-3,5 mm, rng 1-1,5 mm. c im sinh thi: Cy mc ri rc thnh tng m nh cao 500 2000 m, trong rng nguyn sinh, thng xanh, l rng nhit i gi ma ni thp, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 13 21oC, lng ma >1500 mm/nm; thng mc cng vi kim giao ni t (Nageia wallichiana), thng nam (Taxus wallichiana), thng tre l di (Podocarpus neriifolius) v thng nng (Dacrycarpus imbricatus). Ti sinh trong t nhin tt; thng gp rt nhiu cy m di gc cy m.

125

nh tng (Cephalotaxus mannii)

nh tng VQG Ba V nh: Phm Quc Hng

126

(17) Bch xanh

Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz, 1873. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Libocerdrus macrolepis (Kurz) Benth. & Hook. f. 1880. Tng hng, p mu gi, trc bch dip ni Hong n-Cupressaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, cao ti 25 m, ng knh ngang ngc ti 80-100 cm. Thn thng vn. V mu nu en, nt dc. Cy phn cnh sm; cnh nh nm trn cng mt mt phng. L hnh vy, xp i hnh ch thp, p st trn cnh. Nn c v nn ci cng gc. c im sinh thi: Cy mc thnh tng m nh trong rng nguyn sinh thng xanh hn giao nhit i gi ma ni thp, cao 800 1500 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 15 20oC, lng ma trn 1500 mm/nm. Loi thng mc cng vi thng nng (Dacrycarpus imbricatus), hong n gi (Dacrydium elatum) v du sam ni t (Keteleeria evelyniana). Ti sinh bng ht di tn rng tt. Cy con a sng, thng cht sau 5 nm nu khng c m tn rng.

127

Bch xanh (Calocedrus macrolepis)

Bch xanh-VQG Ba V nh: Pham Quc Hng

128

(18) Bch xanh

Calocedrus rupestris Aver., H.T. Nguyen & L.K. Phan 2, 2008. Tn khc: H: Bch xanh vi Hong n-Cupressaceae

Hnh thi: Bch xanh cao ti 25 m, ng knh ngang ngc ti 1 m. V c nhiu ng dn nha ln. G vng nht, khng c mi. Cc cnh nh xp trn mt mt phng, dn tri v ln dn, dt, ni r vi nhau. Loi ny c phn bit vi bch xanh (C.macrolepis) bi chp l t hoc t rng, nn ht hnh trng rng c 4 vy, kch thc 45 ( 6) x 2,53 ( 3,5) mm vi cung nn rt ngn, di 0,51 ( 1,5) mm, c 68 ( 12) vy t; cc vy nn c ht c chp gn trn, lm vo trong, b mt nhm, tng i phng v khng c nm li. c im sinh thi: Bch xanh thng mc trn dng ni vi, cao 650700 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm khong 20oC, lng ma trn 1500 mm/nm, thng mc trong kiu rng nhit i ni thp, rng thng xanh l rng, l kim, mc cng vi cc loi khc nh: bch vng (Xanthocyparis vietnamensis), thit sam gi (Pseudotsuga sinensis), thit sam ni (Tsuga chinensis), thng bc (Taxus chinensis), du sam ni (Keteleeria davidiana) trong rng nguyn sinh. Rt him gp cy ti sinh.

Loi mi c pht hin v m t nm 2004, c cng b chnh thc nm 2008 129

Bch xanh (Calocedrus rupestris)

(19)

nh: Phan K Lc

130

(19) P mu Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn.) A. Henry & H. Thomas, 1991 Synonym: Tn khc: H: Cpressus hodginsii Dunn, 1908. My vc, hng, my long lanh Hong n-Cupressaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, thn thng, cao ti 30 m v ng knh ngang ngc ti 150 cm. V mu xm, nt dc. L hnh vy, xp i ch thp trn cnh. Hnh dng l bin i tu theo tui ca cy v ca cnh. Trn cnh non, l thng xe ra; trn cnh gi hoc cnh mang nn qu, l nh hn v mc st vo cnh. Mt trn ca l c mu xanh; mt di ca l c phn trng. Nn n tnh cng gc. Nn c hnh trng, mc nch l. Nn ci hnh cu (ng knh 1,6-2,2 cm), mc u cnh. Mi nn ci mang 5-8 i vy hnh khin; mi vy mang 2 ht. Ht c 2 cnh khng u nhau. Nn qu khi chn c mu nu . c im sinh thi: P mu mc gn nh thun loi trn cc dng ni vi hoc ni t, c khi mc tng c th hoc thnh cc m nh ri rc trn cc sn ni trong rng nguyn sinh l rng thng xanh nhit i gi ma ni thp v ni trung bnh, trn ai cao 800-1500 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 13 20oC, lng ma trn 1800 mm/nm. P mu thng mc cng vi cc loi hong n gi (Dacrydium elatum), thng lt (Pinus dalatensis) v thng l dt (P. krempfii), sa mc du (Cunninghamia konishii), bch i loan (Taiwania cryptomerioides) v thng p c (Pinus kwangtungensis). Ti sinh t nhin tt; cy con khng chu bng.

131

P mu (Fokienia hodginsii)

Hnh nh Thn, l v nn

P mu KBT Ty Cn Lnh nh: L Mnh Tun

P mu KBT Sp Cp nh: L c Thanh

132

(20) Du sam Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. 1903. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Keteleeria roulettii (A. Chev.) Flous, 1936. Ngo tng, my hinh, du sam ni t Thng-Pinaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, thn thng, cao ti 35 m, ng knh 80-100 cm. V mu nu nht hay nu . Cnh non c lng. L hnh di, di 3-6 cm, rng 0,2-0,4 cm, mc chm u cnh, xp thnh 2 dy. Nn n tnh cng gc. Nn c di 11,5 cm mc thnh chm gn u cnh. Nn ci hnh tr, di 12-20 cm, ng knh 3-6 cm, mc n l. Mi nn ci mang nhiu vy; mi vy mang 2 ht c cnh nh. c im sinh thi: Cy mc trong rng nguyn sinh hoc th sinh cao 1000-1600 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 18-22oC, lng ma trn 1500 mm/nm. Loi thng mc cng vi p mu (Fokienia hodginsii), bch xanh (Calocedrus macrolepis), kim giao ni t (Nageia wallichiana), thng nng (Dacrycarpus imbricatus), thng tre (Podocarpus neriifolius) v nh tng (Cephalotaxus mannii). Ti sinh t nhin tt; cy m khng chu bng. Du sam (Keteleeria evelynian)

Thn, l v nn qu du sam nh: Vng Duy Hng 133

(21) Thng lt Pinus dalatensis Ferre, 1960. Tn khc: H: Thng nm l Thng-Pinaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, cao ti 30 m, ng knh 90 cm. Tn hnh nn. V nt dc, bong mng ln khi gi. L mc tp trung u cnh. Mi b c 5 l hnh kim. L di 6-11 cm. Nn n tnh cng gc. Nn ci hnh tr, di 5-10 cm, ng knh 2,5-4 cm, mang 20-50 vy. Nn khi chn c mu xm en. Ht mu nu, c cnh nh. c im sinh thi: Tham gia vo tng vt tn trong rng nguyn sinh cao 1000-2600 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 16-21oC, lng ma trn 1800 mm/nm. Thng lt thng phn b trong kiu rng hn giao cy l rng v l kim vi tn che t 06-0,8. Thng lt thng mc vi cc loi thng lng g (Podocarpus imbricatus), hng tng (Dacrydium pierrei), p mu (Fokienia hodginsii), thng tre (Podocarpus neriifolius), thng l dt (Pinus krempfii) v cc loi cy l rng thuc h D, Long no, quyn. Ti sinh t nhin tt; cy non khng chu bng.

134

Thng lt (Pinus dalatensis)

nh: Nguyn Thnh Mn

135

(22) Thng l dt Pinus krempfii H.Lecomte, 1944. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Ducampopinus krempfii (Lec). A. Chev. Thng hai l dt, ngo r, thng sri Thng-Pinaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, cao ti 30 m, ng knh ti 150 cm. Tn l rng, hnh r qut. L dt, hnh li kim. Mi b mang hai l. L cy non di 10-15 cm; l trn cy trng thnh di 4-5 cm. Nn n tnh cng gc. Nn c hnh tr. Nn ci hnh trng, mc n l, di 4-9 cm, rng 3-7 cm. Mt vy nn ci li, hnh thoi v c g ngang gia. Ht c cnh u. c im sinh thi: mc thnh tng m trong rng nguyn sinh trn cao 600-1600 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 14-20oC, lng ma trn 1200 mm/nm. Loi thng mc cng vi thit sam gi (Pseudotsuga sinensis), p mu (Fokienia hodginsii), thng tre l ngn (Podocarpus pilgeri), nh tng (Cephalotaxus mannii) v thng bc (Taxus chinensis). Kh ti sinh trong t nhin; cy con khng chu bng.

136

Thng l dt (Pinus krempfii)

(22)

nh: L Cnh Nam

137

(23) Thng bc Taxus chinensis (Pilg) Rehd. 1919. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Taxus baccata L. Subsp. cuspidata Silb. & Zucc. var. chinensis Pilger, 1903; Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Pilg.) Florin, 1948. Thng , sam ht l ngn Thng -Taxaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g nh, cao 15-20 m, ng knh ngang ngc 40-60 cm. V mu nu, nt dc. L hnh di, u hi cong, mc xon, xp thnh hai dy. Hoa n tnh khc gc, mc n l nch l. Ht hnh trn dt, c v gi hnh chn. V khi chn c mu . c im sinh thi: thng mc ri rc trong rng nguyn sinh trn ni vi, cao 900-1500 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 15-20oC, lng ma 1300 mm/nm. Loi thng gp trong qun x thit sam gi (Pseudotsuga sinensis), thng p c (Pinus kwangtungensis), p mu (Fokienia hodginsii), thng tre l ngn (Podocarpus pilgeri) v kim giao ni a (Nageia fleuryi). Ti sinh t nhin rt t.

138

Thng bc (Taxus chinensis)

(23)

Hnh nh thn, l v nn thng KBT Hang Kia P C nh: L c Thanh

139

(24) Sa mc du Cunninghamia konishii Hayata, 1908. Synonym: Tn khc: H: C. lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. var. konishii (Hayata) Fujita, 1932; C. kawakami Hayata, 1915. Ngc am, sa mc qu phong Bt mc-Taxodiaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, cao ti 40 m, ng knh ngang ngc ti 200 cm. V mu , nt thnh vy mng. L hnh mc, u hi cong, c 2 gii phn hai mt, mp c rng ca, mc tp trung u cnh. Nn qu gn trn, khi chn c mu hi . Ht c cnh. c im sinh thi: Mc ri rc thnh tng m nh (1-7 c th) trong rng nguyn sinh cao 960 2000 m, ni c nhit trung bnh nm 13 19oC, lng ma trn 1500 mm/nm. Loi thng mc cng vi p mu (Fokienia hodginsii), kim giao ni t (Nageia wallichiana) v thng nng (Dacrycarpus imbricatus). Ti sinh t nhin km.

140

Sa mc du (Cunninghamia konishii)

(29)

nh Su tm

Sa mc du Trng vn nh nh : L Mnh Tun

141

(25) Cc loi tu Cycas spp. H: Tu-Cycadaceae

Vit Nam hin c 25 loi tu. Tu phn b t Bc n Nam, rng th sinh v rng nguyn sinh. Tu l i tng b khai thc, c lc r ln, c lc trm lng, lm cnh v xut ra nc ngoi (bt hp php). Vic phn loi tu n loi i hi phi c kin thc v kinh nghim, v vy nhn bit chnh xc tt c cc loi tu ngoi t nhin l mt cng vic kh khn. Trong khun kh ca d n ny, chng ti xin tp trung nghin cu tnh trng qun th mt s loi tu thng b khai thc v c nguy c tuyt chng cao.

Hnh nh mt s loi Tu nh: L Mnh Tun

142

(26)

Sm v dip

Panax bipinnatifidum Seem. 1868. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Aralia bipinnatifida (Seem.) C. B. Clarke, 1879; Panax pseudoginseng var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) H. L. Li, 1942. V dip tam tht, tam tht l x, tam tht hoang, trc tit nhn sm, Ngt p tht. Ng gia b-Araliaceae

Hnh thi: Cy thn tho sng lu nm; thn c, nhiu t, mc ngm di t. L kp chn vt, gm 2-3 l mc vng. Mi l kp c 5-7 l cht. L cht hnh thun, x thy lng chim, mp c rng ca. Hoa t tn, mc nh thn. Qu hnh cu, mu thm khi chn v nh c chm en. c im sinh thi: Mc di tn rng thng xanh trn ni cao 1600-2200 m, ni c nhiu mn. Sm v dip (Panax bipinnatifidum)

Ngun nh: Dayhoctructuyen.org 143

(27) Tam tht hoang Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng, 1975. Tn khc: H: Tam tht rng, sm tam tht, bnh bin tam tht, phan xit. Ng gia b Araliaceae

Hnh thi: Cy thn tho sng nhiu nm, c mt thn kh sinh cao khong 50 cm. Thn c mc ngm di t. L kp chn vt, c 6-8 l cht. L cht hnh mc. Cung l di 5-15 cm. Mi cy mang 3-6 l kp. Hoa t tn, mc nh thn. Mi hoa c 5 cnh. Qu hnh cu, khi chn mu . Mi qu mang 2-3 ht. c im sinh thi: Di tn rng kn thng xanh m, trn ni cao; cao: 1600 2200 m Tam tht hoang (Panax stipuleanatus)

(30)

Ngun nh: Dayhoctructuyen.org

144

(28)

Sm ngc linh

Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv. 1985. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Panax schinseng var. japonicum auct., non Makino. Sm khu nm, thuc du Ng gia b - Araliaceae

Hnh thi: Cy thn tho sng lu nm, mang 1-4 thn kh sinh trn mt t. Thn r mp, ng knh 3,5 cm, i khi phn cui thn r c mt c hnh cu. L mc vng, mi vng c 4 (t khi 3, 5,6) l kp chn vt. Mi l kp c 5 (t khi 6 - 7) l cht hnh trng ngc hoc hnh mc, di 8 14 cm, rng 3 5 cm, mp c rng ca. Cung cm hoa di 25 cm, gp 1,5 - 2 ln chiu di cung l, thng mang mt tn n c tn cng, i khi c thm c 1 - 4 tn ph hoc hoa n c. Hoa c 5 cnh, 5 nh. Qu chn mu thng c mt chm en nh qu. Mi qu c mt ht hnh thn, i khi c 2 ht hnh cu hi dt. c im sinh thi: Cy a m, mc rt ri rc di tn rng thng xanh m, cao 1700 - 1900 m, trn t c nhiu mn. Nhit trung bnh vng c sm mc t nhin t 15 n 18 C, m 90%, lng ma khong 3.000 mm /nm. Ma hoa thng 4 - 6, ma qu chn thng 7 - 8. Cy ti sinh bng ht v bng cc on thn r.
o

145

Sm ngc linh (Panax vietnamensis)

Hnh nh thn, l v c sm ngc linh Ngun nh: fdlserver.wordpress.com

146

(29) Cc loi t tn Asarum spp. Tn khc: H: Hoa tin, t tn, th t tn Aristolochiaceae Nam mc hng

Theo cc ti liu ang c s dng rng ri nh: Danh lc cc loi Thc vt Vit Nam (Anon), Cy C Vit Nam (Phm Hong H), a l thc vt (L Trn Chn) Vit Nam chi Asarum c 7 loi: Asarum balansae, A. blumei, A. caudigerum, A. glabrum, A. petelotii, A. reticulatum v A. wulingense. c im hnh thi: Cy thn tho, sng nhiu nm, cao 10 20 cm. Thn r trn, c t ngn, thng phn nhnh, mang nhiu r con, v nt c mi thm c bit. L mc so le, c 2 - 6 l, cung c lng, phin l dy, hnh tim trn n tim thun di, di 10 - 12cm, rng 6 - 8cm, c lng c 2 mt, mt trn cn c nhng tm lng ngn, mp nguyn. Hoa 1 - 2 ci, mc ring l k l hoc ngn, hoa c cung, thng mc cong ln. Qu pht trin trong bao hoa tn ti, bn ngoi c nhng hng lng chy dc. Ma hoa thng 3 - 5, ma qu thng 5 7. Sinh thi: Cy thng mc di tn rng kn l rng thng xanh, ni c tng thm mc dy; mc trn khu vc c dc ln, hay nhng bi bng phng. Phn ln cc loi phn b ch yu cc tnh pha bc, ni c ni t- xen k, trn ai cao 500-700 m.

147

Tru tin (Asarum glabrum)

(55)

Asarum glabrum VQG Ba V nh: Phm Quc Hng

148

(30) Thit inh Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem. Ex Schum. Var. kerii Sprague, 1919. Synonym: Tn khc: H: M. Caudafelina (Hance) Sprague, 1919. inh, rt mo, i mng inh - Bignoniaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, cao 10 25 m, ng knh ngang ngc 60 80 cm. V dy mu xm. Cnh non c lng dy mu nu. L kp lng chim mt ln, di 30 40 cm, mang 7 - 11 l cht. L cht hnh trng, lc non c lng mt di, gn bn 9 - 11 i. Cm hoa hnh chm, thng 4 - 10 hoa; cung cm hoa c lng dy. i hnh mo, di 5 cm, c lng pha ngoi. Trng mu vng, di 9 cm. Qu kh t m, hi dt, di 40 50 cm, rng 3 4 cm, ph lng dy mu nu. Ht di 5 cm, c cnh. c im sinh thi: Mc ri rc trong rng nhit i thng xanh, ma ma m, ai thp. Loi thng mc cng vi cc loi gi np (Aglaia gigantea), de bu (Cinnamomum obtusifolium). Ma hoa qu vo thng 10 - 4. Ti sinh bng ht. Ti sinh trong t nhin tt. Cy non chu bng.

149

Thit inh (Markhamia stipulata)

Hnh thi thn, hoa v l KBT Na Hang nh: L Mnh Tun

150

(31) G Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib, 1912. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Pahudia xylocarpa Kurz, 1876. C te, h b Vang - Caesalpiniaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, rng l, cao ti 30 m, ng knh thn 80 100 cm. V mu xm, sn si, trn mt c nhiu l mu nu. L kp lng chim chn vi 3 ti 5 i l cht hnh tri xoan. L cht di 5 6 cm, rng 4 - 5cm, mt di mu lc nht. Hoa tp hp thnh chy, di 10 12 cm. Trng mu mu hng di 5 12 cm, mt trong c lng. Qu u to, gn nh khng c cung, di 15 cm, rng 6 9 cm, dy 2 3 cm, ho g khi gi, mu nu thm. Ht 7 - 8, nm ngang, hnh trng di 25 30 mm, dy 18 24 mm, mu nu thm hay en, gc c o ht cng mu da cam. c im sinh thi: Loi a sng, mc trong rng thng xanh hay rng na rng l, tp trung cao 500 700 m (c khi n 1000 m). Trong t nhin, g thng mc cng vi bng lng (Lagerstroenlia sp.), ging hng (Pterrocapus macrocarpus), cm lai b ra (Dalbergia oliveri), Trc (Dalbergia cochinchinensis) v g mt (Sindora siamensis). Ti sinh bng ht tt ni c nhiu nh sng. Cy rng l vo thng 12, ra l non vo u thng 1, c hoa vo thng 3 - 4, qu chn vo thng 10 - 11.

151

G (Afzelia xylocarpa)

nh: Trn Ngc Hi

Hnh thi thn, qu v l g - VQG Ct Tin nh: Phm Quc Hng

152

(32) Lim xanh Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv. 1883. Tn khc: H: Lim, Thit lim. Vang - Caesalpiniaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, cao 20 25 m, ng knh ngang ngc ti 120 cm. Thn trn, thng; tn l dy, xe rng. V ngoi mu nu c nhiu l b, khi gi bong vy ln. L kp lng chim hai ln l, 3 - 4 i cung th cp, mi cung 9 13 l cht. L cht mc cch, hnh tri xoan, c mi nhn ui trn, gn con ni r c hai mt. Cm hoa chm kp, di 20 30 cm. Hoa nh nhiu, mu trng vng. Qu di khong 20 cm, rng 3 4 cm. Ht dt, mu nu en, c rnh trn quanh ht. c im sinh thi: Cy chu bng khi nh, a sng khi trng thnh. Cy a t st hoc st pha, su dy, thng chim u th trong t thnh loi (c khi ti 70%). Lim xanh ra hoa vo thng 4-5, qu vo thng 10-11. Ti sinh ht tt. C kh nng ti sinh chi, nhng sinh trng km.

153

Lim xanh (Erythrophloeum fordii)

Thn lim xanh-VQG Tam o nh: Phm Quc Hng

154

(33) G mt Sindora siamensis Teysm. Ex Miq. 1867. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Sindora cochinchinensis Baill. 1871. G mt Vang- Caesalpiniaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, rng l, cao 30 35 m, ng knh thn 80 100 cm. L kp lng chim mt ln chn. L cht 3 - 4 i, hnh bu dc, di 4 - 9cm, rng 3 4,5cm, c lng ngn ri rc mt trn. Cung l cht di 4 5 mm. Cm hoa chy, di 10 25 cm. Cnh hoa 1, mu - vng nht, di 7 mm. Qu u dt, hnh bu dc rng, rng 4,5 - 8 (-10) cm, ph gai tha. Mi qu c 1 3 ht; ng knh ht 1,5 2 cm. c im sinh thi: Cy a sng, mc ri rc trong rng thng xanh v na rng l, trn ai cao khng qu 900 m. G mt thng mc cng vi ging hng qu to (Pterocarpus macrocarpus), g (Afzelia xylocarpa), cm lai b ra (Dalbergia oliveri) v mt s loi cy l rng khc. Cy ra hoa thng 2-3, qu thang 4-8. Ti sinh t nhin tt.

155

G mt (Sindora siamensis)

Hnh thi thn, l v qu g mt KBT & Di Tch - M nh: Phm Quc Hng

156

(34)

G lau

Sindora torulosa A. Chev. ex K. & S. S. Larsen, 1980. Tn khc: H: G, g bin, g, g sng Vang - Caesalpiniaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, rng l, cao 25 35 m, ng knh thn 60 100 cm. Thn trn, phn cnh sm. V mu xm nu, bong mng. L kp lng chim mt ln chn. L cht 4 - 5 i, hnh bu dc, di 6 12 cm, rng 3,5 6 cm, nhn. Cung l cht khong 5 mm. Cm hoa hnh chy, di 10 15 cm, ph y lng nhung mu hung vng. Cnh hoa 1 (-3), di khong 8 mm. Qu u, gn trn hay hnh bu dc rng, di 7 cm, rng khong 4 cm vi mt m thng, khng ph gai. Mi qu c 1 ht (t khi 2-3). c im sinh thi: Cy a sng khi trng thnh, chu bng khi non, mc ri rc trong rng thng xanh, trn ai cao khng qu 700 m, ni t tt, tng dy v thot nc. G lau thng mc cng vi lim xanh (Erythrophloeum fordii), trm trng (Canarium album) v nang (Alangium ridley). Cy ti sinh t nhin tt, c bng ht v bng chi. Ra hoa thng 5-6, qu chn thng 10-11.

157

G lau (Sindora torulosa)

(35)

Hnh thi thn, l nh: Trn Ngc Hi

Hnh thi cy ti sinh VQG Phong Nha K Bng nh: L Mnh Tun

158

(35) ng sm Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook. f. 1855. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Campanumoea javanica Blume, 1826. Phng ng sm Hoa chung - Campanulaceae

Hnh thi: Dy leo tho, sng nhiu nm. Ton thn c nha m trng, nht l b phn non v l. R c hnh tr di, phn nhnh, nc. L mc i, c cung, phin l mng, hnh tim hoc gn hnh trng, di 2 5 cm, rng 1,5 - 3,5 cm, mp kha rng ca nguyn. Mt trn l mu xanh nht; mt di mu trng xanh. Hoa mc n l mc k l, hnh chung, mu trng, hoc hi vng, hng c vn tm. Trng hoa chia thnh 5 thy tam gic nhn. Qu nang, c nm, khi chn mu tm en. Ht nhiu, nh, mu vng nu. c im sinh thi: Mc ven rng, nng ry b hoang lu ngy, trng c tranh trn ai cao trn 700 m min Bc v 1300 m pha Nam. Cy a m, sng v c th chu bng, a mc ni t tt nhiu mn. Cy thng leo ln cc loi cy c khc. C mt s ni mc tng i tp trung, nhng khng tr thnh cy a th. Ma hoa thng 1 - 5, ma qu chn thng 6 - 9. Ti sinh t nhin tt.

159

ng sm (Codonopsis javanica)

(36)

nh: Vietnam Creature

ng sm KBT Ngc Linh Kon Tum nh: L Mnh Tun 160

(36) Trai l Garcinia fagraeoides A. Chev. 1918. Tn khc: H: Trai, Ri. Ba - Clusiaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln thng xanh, cao n 20 25 m, ng knh thn 70- 80 cm. V mu xm thm, bong mng; tht v hi hng, c nha m vng. Cnh con gn trn-phn cnh ngang. L hnh bu dc di hay hnh mc ngn, lc non mu tm , khi trng thnh mt di c mu vng lc, di 10 15 cm, rng 5 6 cm, u c mi nhn, c 5 - 7 i gn bc hai ni r mt di. c im sinh thi: Cy a sng nhng mc chm, mc ri rc trong rng thng xanh ma ma m, trn ni vi, trn ai cao khng qu 900 m. Trai l thng mc cng vi nghin (Burretiodendron hsienmu), kho (Phoebe cuneata), sng (Sterculia lanceolata) v i phong t (Hydnocarpus anthelmintica). Ra hoa thng 4; qu chn thng 9. Ti sinh t nhin km do ht kh ny mm.

161

Trai l (Garcinia fagraeoides)

Hnh thi thn, l v cy ti sinh Trai l nh: L Mnh Tun

162

(37) Trc Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre, 1898. Synonym: Tn khc: H: D. cambodiana Pierre, 1898. Cm lai nam b u - Fabaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, thng xanh (rt t khi rng l), cao 25 30 m, ng knh thn n 60 cm (c khi n 120 cm). V ngoi mu vng nu, nt dc, c khi bong tng mng ln. L kp lng chim mt ln l, di 12 23 cm, mang 5 - 9 l cht hnh tri xoan. L cht tn cng thng to nht (di 6 cm, rng 2,5 3 cm); cc l cht khc di khong 3,5 5 cm, rng 2,2 - 2,5 cm. Cm hoa hnh chy nch l, di 7 15 cm, tha. Hoa mu trng. Qu u rt mnh, thun di, gc tht mnh, nh nhn, di 5 6 cm, rng 1 - 1,1cm, thng cha 1 ht mu nu (t khi 2 ht). c im sinh thi: Cy a sng khi trng thnh, chu bng khi non, chu hn. Cy mc ri rc, c khi thnh tng m nh trong rng thng xanh hay na rng l trn ai cao khng qu 600 m (c lc ln n 1.000 m). Ma hoa thng 5 - 7, ma qu chn thng 9 - 12. Mc tng trng trung bnh. Ti sinh bng ht v bng chi. Ti sinh chi rt mnh. Cy con xut hin nhiu ven rng, ven ng i, ch t trng, hu ht c ngun gc chi r.

163

Trc (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)

Ngun nh: vncreatures.net

nh: Phm Quc Hng

Ngun nh: natureloveyou.sg

164

(38) Cm lai Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain, 1897. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Dalbergia bariaensis Pierre, 1898; D. mammosa Pierre, 1898. Cm lai b ra u Fabaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, thng xanh, cao n 20 - 25 m, ng knh thn 50 60 cm, phn cnh thp. V mu xm, im m trng hay vng, khng nt n; tht v c mi sn dy. L kp lng chim mt ln, di 15 - 18 cm, c 11 - 13 l cht. L cht thun, di 3 5 cm, rng l,5 - 2,5 cm. Cm hoa chy mc nch l v u cnh. Hoa nh, mu lam nht. Qu u dt, di khong 12 cm, rng 2,5 cm, hi tht eo ch c ht. Mi qu c 1 ht (t khi 2). Ht hnh thn dt, di 9 mm, rng 6 mm, mu en nht. c im sinh thi: Cy a sng, mc ri rc hoc thnh tng m 5 - 10 cy trong rng thng xanh, rng na rng l, hay rng khp ai cao di 800 m, thn mc cng vi cc loi bng lng (Lagerstroenia sp.), sao en (Hopea odorata), vn vn (Anisoptera cochinchinensis), chiu liu (Terminalia sp.) v ch st (Schima superba). Ma hoa thng 12 - 1, ma qu chn thng 2 - 4. Cy sinh trng rt chm n trung bnh. Ti sinh ri rc do ht kh ny mm. Loi ang b sn lng rt mnh, ch gp nhng c th trng thnh cc khu rng c dng. Tuy nhin, nhng cy c ng knh >30 cm thng xuyn l mc tiu ca hot ng khai thc bt hp php.

165

Cm lai (Dalbergia oliveri)

(38) (39)

Mu tiu bn nh KBT v Di tch Vnh Cu

Hnh thi qu, l cm lai KBT v Di tch Vnh Cu nh: L Mnh Tun nh Su tm

166

(39) Ging hng Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz, 1874. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Pterocarpus cambodianus (Pierre) Gagnep. 1916; Pterocarpus pedatus (Pierre) Gagnep, 1916. Ging hng, ging hng tri to u - Fabaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, thn thng, gc c bnh v, rng l, cao 25 35 m, ng knh thn 70 90 cm. V mu xm, bong nhng vy ln khng u hay hi nt dc, c nha m c mu ti chy ra khi b chm. L kp lng chim mt ln l, di 15 25 cm, mang 9 - 11 l cht. L cht hnh bu dc thun hay hnh trng thun, di 4 11 cm, rng 2 5 cm. Cm hoa hnh chy mc nch l, ph lng mu nu, di 5 9 cm. Hoa mu vng ngh, c cung di v nhiu lng, mi rt thm. Qu trn, ng knh 5 8 cm, dt, c mi cong v pha cung, mu vng nu. Gia qu c 1 ht, xung quanh c cnh. c im sinh thi: Cy a sng, chu hn, mc trong rng nhit i na rng l, hay rng khp (Diperocapaceae), t khi xut hin trong rng thng xanh, cao di 800 m. Loi thng mc cng vi vi mt s loi cy l rng khc nh g (Afzelia xylocarpa), mung en (Cassia siamea) bng lng (Lagerstromia sp.), du trai (Dipterocarpus itricatus), chiu liu (Terminalia sp.). Cy ra hoa vo thng 1-4, qu thng 4-6. Ti sinh ht km, sinh chi mnh.

167

Ging hng (Pterocarpus macrocarpus)

(40) (39)

Ging hng qu to VQG B Gia Mp nh: L Mnh Tun

Mu tiu bn nh ging hng qu to KBT v Di tch M

Hnh thi qu ging hng VQG B Gia Mp nh: L Mnh Tun

168

(40) G hng Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte, 1913. Tn khc: H: Qu balansa Re - Lauraceae

Hnh thi: Cy g ln, thng xanh, cao ti 30 m, ng knh thn 70 - 90 cm. Cnh nhn, mu hi en khi kh. L hnh trng, mc cch, di 9 11 cm, rng 4 5 cm, tht nhn v hai u, gn bc hai 4 - 5 i. Cung l di 2 3 cm, nhn. Cm hoa chy mc nch l, di 4 5 cm, ph lng ngn mu nu, cung hoa di 1 3 mm, ph lng. Qu hnh cu, ng knh 8 10 mm, nh trn hoa hnh chn. c im sinh thi: Mc trong rng thng xanh ma ma m, trn ni t hay ni vi, cao 100 - 600 m, trn t thot nc v nhiu mn, cng vi mt s loi cy khc nh ch ch (Parashorea chinensis) re (Cinnamomum iners) v su (Dracontomelum sp.). Ti sinh trong t nhin rt km.

169

G hng (Cinnamomum balansae )

Thn v l G hngVQG Ba V nh: Phm Quc Hng

170

(41) Re xanh phn Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees). Meissn. Tn khc: H: Re du, x x, g hng Re Lauraceae

Hnh thi: Cy g nh, cao 10-25 m, ng knh thn 50 cm. V mu nu. L hnh trng, u c mi t, gc hnh nm, di 6-14 cm, rng 5-7 cm, mc cch hoc gn i, c 3 gn gc. Cm hoa vin try, c ph lng. Qu mng, hnh cu. qu c mu tm en khi chn. c im sinh thi: Mc rng thng xanh ma m trn ai cao 300-900 m.

171

Re xanh phn (Cinnamomum glaucescens)

(42)

Hnh thi thn, l re xanh phn nh: Trn Ngc Hi

172

(42) V hng Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn. 1864. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Laurus parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn. 1864; Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte, 1913. G hng, re hng, re du, x x, co chu Re - Lauraceae

Hnh thi: Cy g trung bnh hoc ln, cao 20-25(-45) m, ng knh thn 6070 cm, gc phnh to v i khi c bnh v. V ngoi mu nu, nu xm, thng nt dc v bong mng. Tht v c mu nu nht. L n nguyn, mc so le, hnh trng hay hnh bu dc thun, di 5-15 cm, rng 2,5-8 cm, u c mi nhn, ngn, gn bn 3-8 i. Cung l di 1,2-3 cm. Cm hoa dng chu hay tn, mc u cnh hay nch l; mi cm mang khong 10 hoa. Qu mng, hnh cu, ng knh 0,6-1cm; hnh chn, c kha rng, khi chn mu xanh vng hoc tm en. c im sinh thi: Cy a sng khi trng thnh, chu bng khi non, mc trong rng thng xanh ai cao di 700 m; ra hoa thng 3-6, ma qu thng 6-10. Ti sinh chi khe.

173

V hng (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon)

Ngun nh: stewartia.net

Ngun nh: agrobiosolution.blogspot.com

Ngun nh: en.wikipedia.org

Hnh thi l, qu v thn v hng

174

(43) Vng ng Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. 1822. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Menispermun fenestratum Gaertn. 1788; Coscinium usitatum Pierre, 1885. T rong Tit d - Menispermaceae

Hnh thi: Dy leo thn g, mt ct ngang thn v r c mu vng. Phin l hnh trng, l mc so le, c 3 - 5 gn, mt trn mu xanh lc thm, mt di c lng trng bc, di 15 30 cm, rng 10 20 cm. Cung l di, nh vo trong ca mp phin l. Hoa nh, n tnh, mu trng n pht tm, t hp thnh chm xim ngn nch l (thng thy nhng n thn rng l). Cm hoa c trng nh mt ci u nh nh trn cung, di 1 4 cm. Mi nch c 10 - 20 cm hoa mc st nhau. Chm qu di 10 15 cm, c 20 - 30 qu xp st nhau. Qu hch hnh cu, ng knh 2 - 2,5 cm, v qu c lng mn, tht qu mu vng, v ng. c im sinh thi: Cy mc hoang trong rng, ni t c mn cao. Ma hoa qu thng 1 - 5. Cy ti sinh bng chi t gc, sau khi thn cy b cht.

175

(Coscinium fenestratum)

(43)

Hnh thi thn, l vng ng VQG Ct Tin nh: Phm Quc Hng

176

(44) Hong ng Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. Tn khc: H: Vng giang, Dy nam hong, Hong lin nam. Tit d-Menispermaceae

Hnh thi: Dy leo g nh, sng nhiu nm; mt ct ngang thn c mu vng. L hnh trng hay hnh mc, hai mt nhn; h gn 3 gn gc; cung l di, cong gc v nh cung. Cm hoa hnh chy, phn nhnh, di 30-40 cm. Hoa n tnh. Qu hnh tri xoan, khi chn c mu vng, c mi thm. ng knh qu 1,5 cm. c im sinh thi: Sng di tn rng thng xanh (nguyn sinh v th sinh) trn ai cao <300 m.

177

Hong ng (Fibraurea tinctoria)

(45)

Hnh thi thn, l v qu nh: Nguyn B Thanh cung cp

178

Bnh vi Stephania spp. H: Tit d-Menispermaceae

Vit Nam ghi nhn c 6 loi bnh vi. Bnh vi l cy thn tho mc leo, sng nhiu nm; r c to nh bt quy tc. L n nguyn; h gn chn vt. Cy mc di tn rng nguyn sinh hoc th sinh, trn cc vch . Loi c cha hot cht Rotunda, dng lm thuc an thn. Trong khun kh ca d n, chng ti ch tp trung vo nghin cu c im phn b v tnh trng qun th ca hai loi: (1) bnh vi ni cao (Stephania brachyandra) v (2) bnh vi hoa u (Stephania cepharantha). Bnh vi ni cao: Loi cy tho sng nhiu nm, r c to, hnh dng khng nht nh. Thn leo, di khong 2 - 3 m. Ton thn, l, hoa, khng lng. L n, mc cch, l c cung di nh trong cung l hnh khim. Phin l hnh trng nhn hoc tam gic trn, chp l nhn sc, gc l bng hoc hi li, mp l nguyn. Gn chnh xp dng chn vt xut pht t ch nh ca cung l. Hoa n tnh khc gc. Cm hoa ci do 8 - 9 xim tn nh, cung ngn, xp cht thnh dng u. Qu hnh trng ngc, dt 2 bn, di 0,7 - 0,8cm, rng 0,6 - 0,7cm. Ht hnh trng ngc, ct u, c l hnh trng o gia, trn lng c 4 hng gai c u phng to thnh dng m inh, cha thy cy c. c im sinh thi: Sng trong rng th sinh m trn ni t, cao 1400 m. Cy a sng, m, gp ni c kh hu mt, nhit cao nht l 270 C. Cy mc n c trong qun th thc vt khc

179

Bnh vi hoa u: Cy thn tho sng lu nm. R c dng cu. L n, mc cch, cung l di xp x phin l. Phin l dng tam gic n gn trn, di v rng khong 5- 1cm, chp l c nh trn hoc nhn sc, thng c mt gai rt nh, ngn. Gc l bng hoc hi lm, gn 9 - 11 xut pht t ch nh c cung l thnh hnh chn vt. Hoa n tnh khc gc. Cm hoa c v hoa ci u dng u, do nhiu xim tn c cung rt ngn hp thnh, nh cung cm hoa phng to hoc c dng a. Hoa nh gn nh khng cung. Hoa c c 6 l i xp 2 vng, mi vng 3, u, hnh tha, cnh hoa mu vng cam, hnh qut trn cong dng v hn. Nh dnh thnh ct nh, cao khong 3 mm, bao phn dnh thnh a, 6 ngn. Hoa ci c mt i, 2 cnh hoa, nh cng mt pha ca hoa, l i hnh van trn hoc hnh trng, cnh hoa mu vng cam, hnh qut trn, cong dng v hn. Bu hnh trng, nm nhy 4-5 thy dng si hoc hnh di. Qu hnh trng ngc, di 0,7cm, rng 0,5cm, hi dt 2 bn. Ht hnh mng nga trn dt, khng c l thng gia, trn lng ht c 4 hng vn ht, mi hng 15 - 16 ht. Phn b: C Trung Quc, i Loan v Vit Nam. Vit Nam, loi ny c pht hin c Qung Ninh (Cm Ph) v Ha Bnh (x Dn Ch, huyn K Sn). c im sinh thi: Cy sng trong rng th sinh, trn ni vi, cao 100 700 m. Cy mc bm vo , nhng c th mc rng ni t. Cy a sng, m, nhng cng c kh nng chu c nng hn, cng nh chu bng rm.

180

Bnh vi (Stephania spp.) (46)

Bnh vi nh ngn (Stephania brachyandra) nh: Sch Vit Nam

Hnh thi l ngoi t nhin, nh: Nguyn Mnh Tun

181

(46) Th hong lin Thalictrum foliolosum DC. 1818. Tn khc: H: Hong lin Mao lng Ranunculaceae

Hnh thi: Cy tho sng nhiu nm, cao 40 70 cm, thng mc thnh khm. Thn hnh tr, c t, nhn; thn r c tht mu vng, r chm nhiu, cng. L kp, thng l kp 3 ln lng chim, cung l di, l cht mng, gn hnh trn hoc bu dc, mp kha. Cm hoa hnh chy, phn nhnh. Hoa nhiu, nh, mu trng xanh pha tm. Qu nh, thun, nhn c 2 u, c m v nhiu vn dc. c im sinh thi: Cy a sng v c th hi chu bng, mc ri rc xen ln vi cc loi c hoc cy bi khc hoc cn st li b cc nng ry, trn ai cao 1500 - 1600 m. Ma hoa thng 7 - 9, ma qu chn thng 9 - 11. Ti sinh t ht hoc t thn r. Phn thn trn mt t c th li vo ma ng. Ma xun, nhiu chi mc ln t thn r.

182

Th hong lin (Thalictrum foliolosum)

(47)

Th hong lin VQG Hong Lin

nh: Nguyn Vn Hnh cung cp

183

(47) Nghin Excentrodendron torulosa (Gagnep.) Chang & Miau, 1978. Synonym: Burretiodendron torulosa (Gagnep.) Kosterm. 1960; Pentace torulosa A. Chev. 1918; Parapentace torulosa Gagnep. 1943, nom. inval. Tn khc: H: Nghin , king , king mt ay - Tiliaceae

Hnh thi: Cy g thng xanh, cao 30 - 35 m, ng knh thn 70 90 cm. V mu nu xm, bong mng. L hnh trng rng, di 10 12 cm, rng 7 10 cm, mp nguyn, gn gc 3. Cung l di 3 - 5 cm. Hoa c c ng knh 1,5 cm. Cnh hoa 5, di 1,3 cm. Qu kh t m, di 3 4 cm, ng knh 1,8 cm. c im sinh thi: Cy a sng, sinh trng chm, mc ri rc hay thnh m nh trong rng thng xanh, trn ni vi, ai cao di 700 m. Loi thng mc cng vi trai (Garcinia fagraeoides), ch xanh (Terminalia myriocarpa), mun (Diospyros mun) v ba (Garcinia oblongifolia). Cy ra hoa vo thng 3-4, ra qu thng 8-10. Ti sinh tt trong t nhin.

184

Nghin (Burretiodendron torulosa)

(48)

Hnh thi l, thn nghin-KBT Hang Kia P C nh: Phng Vn Ph

185

(48) Hong tinh hoa trng Disporopsis longifolia Craib, 1912. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Polygonatum laoticum Gagnep. 1934. Hong tinh cch, hong tinh l mc cch Tc tin Convallriaceae

Hnh thi: C sng lu nm, c thn r thnh chui. Thn kh sinh cao 0,6 - 1 m. L mc cch, hnh phin hnh mc, u nhn di, di 10 - 20 cm, rng 2,5 - 6 cm. Cm hoa mc nch l, c 5 - 7 hoa. Hoa mu trng, bao hoa hp thnh sng chia 6 thy ming. Qu chn mu trng, xp. c im sinh thi: Mc ri rc di tn rng rm nhit i thng xanh ma ma m, ai cao 100 - 1200 m, trn t m, c nhiu mn. Ma hoa thng 4 - 3, ma qu chn thng 10. Ti sinh bng ht v thn r.

186

Hong tinh hoa trng (Disporopsis longifolia)

Hnh thi qu, l hong tinh hoa trng-VQG Ba V nh: Phm Quc Hng

187

(49) Bch hp Lilium browni var. Viridulum Baker, 1885. Synonym: Tn khc: H: Lilium brownii var. colchesteri wils. ex Stapf. 1921. Ti rng, b hp Hnh - Liliaceae

Hnh thi: Cy tho c thn hnh mu trng ng, c khi mu hng. Thn cng mu lc bng c khi im hay nhum mu , nhn. L ri rc ngn, nhn, hnh mi mc ngc, nhn 2 u, c 3-9 gn. Cm hoa ngn c 2-6 hoa to, hnh phu mu trng. L bc nom nh l. Bao hoa i 14-16cm, c cc mnh ngoi nhum hay mu lc, tht di thnh mng, cc mnh trong m , mp vng, c nh cong ra ngoi. Nh 6, ngn hn cc mnh bao hoa, ch nh hnh gii, bao phn hnh tri xoan hay thun. Qu nang, di 5-6 cm c 3 ngn cha nhiu ht nh. c im sinh thi: Cy mc trng c hay di tn rng c.

188

Bch hp (Lilium brownii)

(50)

Ngun nh: mdidea.com Hnh thi c, hoa v l cy bch hp

189

(50) Hong tinh vng Polygonatum kingianum Coll. ex Hemsl. 1890. Tn khc: H: Cy cm np, hong tinh hoa , hong tinh l mc vng Tc tin - Conrallariaceae

Hnh thi: Cy c loi sng lu nm. Thn r mp mc ngang, chia t, c khi phn nhnh, hi lm, thnh thong c so lm, ng knh vt thn c th ti 2 cm, thn c mm mu vng trng, chiu di t 25-35 cm, rng 6-7 cm. Thn kh sinh mc ng nhn bng cao 1-1,5m. L hp khng cung, mc vng 5-10 l. u l c mi nhn di, qun li. Hoa mu , mc r xung k l, mi cung mang 2 hoa hnh ng di 8-15mm. c im sinh thi: Cy mc hoang vng ni x lnh c cao hn 1.200 m ch t m mt, nhiu mn, di tn rng, ni t nh sng.

190

Hong tinh vng (Polygonatum kingianum)

(51)

nh: Trn Ngc Hi

191

(51) Thch hc Dendrobium nobile Lindl. 1830. Synonym: Tn khc: H: D. lindleyanum Griff.. 1851. Hong tho dt, hong tho i g Lan - Orchidaceae

Hnh thi: Loi phong lan, thn cao 20-30 cm, long di 2-3 cm. Thn hi dt, c mu vng xanh. L hnh mc di, nh x hai thy khng u nhau, di 6-8 cm, rng 2-2,5 cm, mc thnh hai dy bn thn, tn ti trn thn 2 nm. Hoa mc thnh chm, t 2-3 hoa trn mt cm, mc trn thn ni cn l. ng knh hoa 4 cm; 3 cnh hoa, mu tm pha hng. Hoa c mi thm. Qu hnh thoi di. c im sinh thi: Mc trong rng l rng thng xanh, m, trn ai cao 3001500 m, hoc mc trong rng trn ni vi. Cy chu bng, a m, ti sinh tt bng chi. (52)

Ngun nh: s tay nhn bit thc vt nguy cp qu him 192

(52) Cy mt l Nervilia spp. Tn khc: H: Thanh thin qu, chn tru, lan mt l Lan - Orchidaceae

Vit Nam chi Nervilia c 6 loi: Nervilia aragoana, N. crispata, N. fordii, N. plicata, N. prainiana v N. infundibulifolia. Hnh thi: Cy thn tho sng lu nm, thn ngn, c c trn mu trng, kch thc c bin ng t 0,5-2cm, mc su di mt t t 3-5cm. Cy ch c mt l hnh tim, gn l hnh cung xut pht t gc l, ra hoa trc sau tn bt u ra l. S lng hoa bin ng t 2 20 chic, tu thuc vo tng loi c th, qu hnh thoi c mi trng ging qu kh. Sinh thi: Cc loi Nervilia thng mc di tn rng kn l rng thng xanh trn ni t hoc ni , ni c tng thm mc dy, b mt t kh bng. cao ph bin t 50 500 m so vi mc nc bin, mc thnh tng m nh t 0,54m2 i khi ln hn. Tuy nhin theo Phm Hong H loi N. infundibulifolia sng di tn rng khp k Lk.

193

Cy mt l (Nervilia spp.)

Nervilia aragoana VQG Ct Tin nh: L Mnh Tun

Nervilia sp. VQG Yook n nh: L Mnh Tun

194

(53) Hinh vi (loi mi b sung) Keteleeria davidiana (Bertrand) Beissn Synonym: Tn khc: H:
Keteleeria calcatea W.C. Cheng et L.K. Fu; K. davidiana var.calcarea (W.C. Cheng et L.K. Fu). Silba.

Du sam vi, hinh ni , t hp vi, thng trng Thng-Pinaceae

Hnh thi: G ln, thng xanh, cao 25-30 m, ng knh ngang ngc ti 100 cm. Tn l hnh thp. Chi ph nhiu lng mu nu. L mc xon c, gc vn v xp thnh 2 dy trn mt mt phng. Phin l dai 2-5 cm, rng 0,25-0,4 cm. u l t, ct hay lm. Nn c hnh tr, tp hp thnh cm mc u cnh hay nch l. Nn ci mc n c hay tng i u cnh hay nch l. Vy ht trng thnh hnh tim. Ht hnh thun, c cnh mu nu sng m ly mt bn. c im sinh thi: Mc ri rc di tn rng rm nhit i thng xanh, trn sn ni vi ai cao 400-600 m. (54) Thit sam gi l ngn (loi b sung thm) Pseudotsuga brevifolia W.C Cheng & L.K.Fu, 1975. Synonym: Tn khc: H:
Pseudotsuga sinensis Dode var. Brevifolia (W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu) Farjon & Silba. 1990.

Thit sam gi l ngn, Thng ni , Sa cng (Mng) Thng-Pinaceae

Hnh thi: g nh, cao 10-12 m, v mu nu, nt dc. Cnh non mu nu , c lng t v chuyn sang mu nu xm tui 2-3. L mc xon c, xp thnh mt phng trn cnh, di 0,7-1,5 cm, rng 2-3 mm. Nn hnh trng, di 3,7 6,5 cm, rng 3,4 cm c im sinh thi: thng mc trn ai cao 500-1500 m, trn ni vi.

195

Ph lc 3: Danh lc thc vt nguy cp qu him theo Ngh nh 32 ti mt s khu rng c dng

1. KBT Hang Kia - P C tnh Ha Bnh TT Tn Latin NHM IA: I 1 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Pinus kwangtungenssis Thng p c Pinaceae- Thng Orchidaceae- Lan VU A1a,c,d, B1+2b,c,e EN A1a,c,d IA IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

II Ngnh mc lan - Magnoliopsida 2 Anoectochilus setaceus Lan kim tuyn NHM IIA: I 3 4 5 6 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Fokienia hodginsii Calocedrus macrolepis Taxus chinensis Cycas hoabinhensis P mu Bch xanh Thng bc

Cupressaceae Hong n

__

EN A1a,c,d

IIA IIA IIA IIA

CupressaceaeEN A1a,c,d, Hong n B1+2b,c Taxaceae- Thng VU A1 a,c, B1+2b,c VU A1a,c

Tu hoabinh, Thin Cycadaceae - Tu tu II Ngnh mc lan - Magnoliopsida Bignoniaceae 7 Markhamia stipulata inh __ inh 8 Garcinia fagraeoides Trai l, Ri, Trai Clusiaceae __ Ba G hng, Qu Lauraceae- Long 9 Cinnamomum balansae balansa no V hng, Re Lauraceae-Long 10 Cinnamomum parthenoxylon hng, X x no 11 Excentrodendron tonkinense Nghin Hong tinh hoa trng Lan mt l Bnh vi hoa u C dm Hong ng Tiliaceae __ ay

VU B1+2e EN A1c,d VUA1c CR A1a,c,d EN A1a-d+2c,d

IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

12 Disporopsis longifolia 13 Nervilia fordii 14 Stephania cepharantha 15 Stephania dielsiana 16 Fibraurea tinctoria

ConvallariaceaeVU A1c,d Tc tin Orchidaceae __ Lan EN A1d+2d Menispermaceae EN A1a,b,c,d Tit d Menispermaceae VU B1+2b,c Tit d Menispermaceae Tit d

196

2. KBT Ngc Sn - Ng Lung tnh Ha Bnh TT Tn Latin NHM IA: II 1 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Anoectochilus calcareus NHM IIA: I 2 II 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Thin tu Cycas sp. Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Markhamia stipulata Garcinia fagraeoides Cinnamomum balansae Fibraurea tinctoria Stephania cepharantha Excentrodendron tonkinense Disporopsis longifolia Polygonatum kingianum Dendrobium nobile Thit inh Trai l G hng Hong ng Bnh vi Nghin Hong tinh hoa trng Hong tinh vng Thch hc Bignoniaceae-inh VU B1+2e Clusiaceae-Ba Lauraceae-Long no MenispermaceaeTit d MenispermaceaeTit d Tiliaceae-ay ConvallariaceaeTc tin ConvallariaceaeTc tin Orchidaceae-Lan EN A1c,d VUA1c VU A1b,c,d EN A1a,b,c,d EN A1ad+2c,d VU A1c,d EN A1c,d EN B1+2b,c IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA Cycadaceae-Tu IIA Kim tuyn vi Orchidaceae-Lan EN A1d IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

3. KBT Sp Cp tnh Sn La TT II 1 2 3 I 1 Tn Latin Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN 2007 Ngh nh 32

NHM IA: Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Paphiopedilum gratrixianum Lan hi cnh vng Orchidaceae-Lan Lan hi hip Paphiopedilum hiepii Paphiopedilum henrynianum Lan hi henri NHM IIA: Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Calocedrus macrolepis Bch xanh 197 CupressaceaeHong n EN A1a,c,d, B1+2b,c IIA Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan CR A1a,c,d+2d IA IA IA

TT 2 3 II 4 5

Tn Latin

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt Pinaceae-Thng Cycadaceae-Tu

Du sam ni t Keteleeria evelyniana Thin tu Cycas sp. Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida inh Markhamia stipulata Excentrodendron tonkinense Nghin 4. VQG Ba B tnh Bc Kn Tn Vit Nam

Sch Ngh VN 2007 nh 32 VU A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA IIA

Bignoniaceae-inh VU B1+2e EN A1aTiliaceae-ay d+2c,d

TT

Tn Latin NHM IA:

Sch VN 2007

Ngh nh 32

II 1 2 3 4

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Kim tuyn to Anoectochilus setaceus Lan s bc Anoectochilus elwesii Hi m Paphiopedilum concolor Paphiopedilum Hi henri hirsutissimum var. esquirolei NHM IIA:

Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan

EN A1a,c,d -

IA IA IA IA

I 5 II 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Tu brachycantha Cycadaceae-Tu VU A1a,c Cycas brachycantha Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida AristolochiaceaeHoa tin Asarum sp. Nam mc hng Bignoniaceaeinh VU B1+2e Markhamia stipulata inh CampanulaceaeVU ng sm Codonopsis javanica Hoa chung A1a,c,d+2c,d Trai l Clusiaceae-Ba EN A1c,d Garcinia fagraeoides MenispermaceaeEN A1d, Bnh vi nh ngn Stephania brachyandra Tit d B1+2e MenispermaceaeC dm VU B1+2b,c Stephania dielsiana Tit d MenispermaceaeDy mi Stephania hernandifolia Tit d MenispermaceaeBnh vi Stephania rotunda Tit d Excentrodendron Nghin Tiliaceae-ay EN A1a-d+2c,d tonkinense Hong tinh hoa Convallariaceae VU A1c,d Disporopsis longifolia trng Tc tin Hong tho Orchidaceae-Lan EN B1+2b,c Dendrobium nobile 198

IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

5. TT

VQG Hong Lin tnh Lo Cai Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN Ngh 2007 nh 32

Tn Latin NHM IA:

II 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Berberis julianae Berberis wallichiana Coptis chinensis Coptis quinquesecta Anoectochilus brevistylus Anoectochilus chapaensis Anoectochilus lanceolatus Anoectochilus setaceus Anoectochilus siamensis Anoectochilus sikkimensis Paphiopedilum henryanum NHM IIA: BerberidaceaeHong lin BerberidaceaeHong mc Hong lin Hong lin trung Ranunculaceaequc Mao lng Hong lin chn Ranunculaceaeg Mao lng Gii thu vi ngn Orchidaceae-Lan Gii thu sapa Orchidaceae-Lan Gii thy thon Orchidaceae-Lan Kim tuyn t Orchidaceae-Lan Gii thy xim Orchidaceae-Lan Gii thy sikkim Orchidaceae-Lan Lan hi henry Orchidaceae-Lan Hong lin gai EN A1c,d, B1+2b,c,e EN A1c,d, B1+2b,c,e CR A1d, B1+2b,c CR A1d, B1+2b,c EN A1d EN A1a,c,d IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Panax bipinnatifidum Panax stipuleanatus Asarum balansae Asarum caudigerum Asarum glabrum Asarum reticulatum Codonopsis javanica Stephania hernandiifolia Stephania tetrandra Lilium brownii Polygonatum kingianum Sm v dip Tam tht hoang T hoa Bin ha Hoa tin T hoa mng ng sm Dy mi Phng k Bch hu ni Bch hp Hong tinh vng 199 Araliaceae - Ng gia b Araliaceae-Ng gia b AristolochiaceaeNam mc hng AristolochiaceaeNam mc hng AristolochiaceaeNam mc hng AristolochiaceaeNam mc hng CampanulaceaeHoa chung MenispermaceaeTit d MenispermaceaeTit d Liliaceae-Hnh Convallariaceae CR A1a,c,d, B1+2b,c,e CR A1c,d, B1+2b,c,e EN A1c,d, B1+2b,c VU A1a,c,d VU A1c,d VU A1a,c,d+2c,d EN A1a,c,d EN A1c,d IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

TT 23

Tn Latin Dendrobium nobile

Tn Vit Nam Thch hc

H Thc vt Tc tin Orchidaceae-Lan

Sch VN Ngh 2007 nh 32 EN B1+2b,c IIA

6. VQG Tam o tnh Vnh Phc, Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang TT Tn Latin NHM IA: II 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Sa Dalbergia torulosa Kim tuyn vi Anoectochilus calcareus Gii thu sapa Anoectochilus chapaensis Dendrobium nobile Paphiopedilum concolor Thch hc Lan hi m Fabaceae-u Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan EN A1d EN A1d EN B1+2b,c CR A1a,c,d+2d IA IA IA IA IA IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN 2007 Ngh nh 32

Paphiopedilum gratrixianum V hi trang tr NHM IIA:

I 7 II 8 9 10 11

Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Fokienia hodginsii P mu CupressaceaeHong n CaesalpiniaceaeVang Lauraceae-Long no MenispermaceaeTit d MenispermaceaeTit d EN A1a,c,d IIA

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Erythrophloeum fordii Cinnamomum balansae Coscinium fenestratum Fibraurea tinctoria Lim xanh G hng Vng ng Hong ng VUA1c IIA IIA IIA IIA

200

7. TT

VQG Xun Sn tnh Ph Th Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN Ngh 2007 nh 32

Tn Latin NHM IA:

II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 1 Anoectochilus calcareus Kim tuyn vi Orchidaceae-Lan 2 Anoectochilus setaceus Lan kim tuyn Orchidaceae-Lan NHM IIA: II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 3 Asarum petelotii 4 Asarum caudigerum 5 Markhamia stipulata 6 Codonopsis javanica 7 Garcinia fagraeoides 8 Cinnamomum balansae 9 Fibraurea tinctoria 10 Fibraurea tinctoria 11 Excentrodendron tonkinense

EN A1d EN A1a,c,d

IA IA

AristolochiaceaeNam mc hng Aristolochiaceae-_ Th t tn, Bin ho, VU A1a,c,d Nam mc hng inh Bignoniaceae VU B1+2e inh CampanulaceaeVU ng sm Hoa chung A1a,c,d+2c,d Clusiaceae-Ba Trai l, Ri, Trai. EN A1c,d Hoa tin G hng, Hong ng Hong ng Nghin, King Lauraceae- Long no MenispermaceaeTit d MenispermaceaeTit d Tiliaceae- ay VUA1c EN A1ad+2c,d

IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

12 Disporopsis longifolia 13 Nervilia fordii 14 Stephania dielsiana 15 Stephania japonica 16 Stephania longa 27 Stephania rotunda 18 Stephania sinica 19 Stephania hernandiifolia 20 Dendrobium nobile

Hong tinh hoa trng ConvallariaceaeVU A1c,d Tc tin Thanh thin qu, Orchidaceae-Lan EN A1d+2d Lan mt l MenispermaceaeC dm VU B1+2b,c Tit d MenispermaceaeThin kim ng Tit d MenispermaceaeLi tin Tit d MenispermaceaeBnh vi Tit d MenispermaceaeBnh vi tn ngn Tit d MenispermaceaeDy mi Tit d Ochidaceae-Phong Thch hc EN B1+2bc lan 201

8. KBT Hu Lin tnh Lng Sn TT Tn Latin NHM IA: I 1 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Cupressus torulosa Hong n Cupressaceae Hong n CR A1a,d IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

NHM IIA: I 2 II 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Thin tu Cycas sp. Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida inh Markhamia stipulata Codonopsis javanica Garcinia fagraeoides Stephania spp. Excentrodendron tonkinense Dendrobium nobile Nervilia fordii 9. TT ng sm Trai l Bnh vi Nghin Thch hc Thanh thin qu, Lan mt l Cycadaceae-Tu IIa IIA IIA IIA IIa IIA IIA IIA

Bignoniaceae VU B1+2e inh CampanulaceaeVU Hoa chung A1a,c,d+2c,d Clusiaceae Mng EN A1c,d ct MenispermaceaeTit d EN A1aTiliaceae - ay d+2c,d Ochidaceae-Phong EN B1+2b,c lan Orchidaceae-Lan EN A1d+2d

KBT Na Hang tnh Tuyn Quang Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch 2007 Ngh nh 32

Tn Latin NHM IA:

I 1 2 3 4

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Kim tuyn vi Orchidaceae-Lan Anoectochilus calcareus Gii thy tam o Orchidaceae-Lan Anoectochilus daoensis Paphiopedilum malipoense Hi malip Orchidaceae-Lan var. malipoense Paphiopedilum micranthum Lan hi hoa nh NHM IIA: Orchidaceae-Lan

EN A1d EN A1 a,c,d+2d, B1+2e

IA IA IA IA

I 5

Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Tu Cycas dolichophylla 202

Cycadaceae-Tu

IIA

TT II 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Tn Latin

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

Sch 2007

Ngh nh 32 IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Asarum balansae Asarum glabrum Markhamia stipulata Erythrophloeum fordii Codonopsis javanica Garcinia fagraeoides T hoa balans T tn Thit inh Lim xanh ng sm Trai l AristolochiaceaeEN A1c,d, Mc hng B1+2b,c AristolochiaceaeVU A1c,d Nam mc hng Bignoniaceae-inh VU B1+2e CaesalpiniaceaeVang CampanulaceaeVU Hoa chung A1a,c,d+2c,d Clusiaceae-Ba EN A1c,d Lauraceae - Long no MenispermaceaeTt d MenisearmaceaeTit d MenisearmaceaeTit d MenisearmaceaeTit d Tiliaceae-ay ConvallariaceaeTc tin EN A1ad+2c,d EN A1c,d

Cinnamomum glaucescens Re xanh phn Fibraurea recisa Stephania japonica Stephania rotunda Stephania sinica Excentrodendron tonkinense Polygonatum kingianum Hong ng Li tin Bnh vi Bnh vi tn ngn Nghin Hong tinh vng

10. KBT Ty Cn Lnh tnh H Giang TT Tn Latin NHM IA: I 1 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Cupressus torulosa Hong n CupressaceaeHong n Fabaceae u Ranunculaceae-Mao lng Ranunculaceae-Mao lng Ochidaceae - Lan CR A1a,d CR A1d, B1+2b,c CR A1d, B1+2b,c EN A1a,c,d IA IA IA IA IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 2 Dalbergia torulosa Sa Hong lin trung 3 Coptis chinensis quc Hong lin chn 4 Coptis quinquesecta g Anoectochilus sectaceus 5 Kim tuyn Blume NHM IIA:

203

TT I 6 7

Tn Latin

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt CupressaceaeHong n Taxodiaceae- Bt mc Araliceae Ng gia b AristolochiaceaeMc thng AristolochiaceaeMc thng Bignoniaceae - inh CampanulaceaeHoa chung Clusiaceae- Mng ct Lauraceae Long no

Sch VN2007 EN A1a,c,d VU A1a,d,C1 CR A1a,c,d, B1+2b,c,e EN A1c,d, B1+2b,c VU A1a,c,d VU B1+2e VU A1a,c,d+2c,d EN A1c,d VUA1c

Ngh nh 32 IIA IIA

Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Fokienia hodginsii Cunninghamia konishii P mu Sa mc du

II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Panax bipinnatifidum Asarum balanca Asarum caudigerum Markhamia stipulata Codonopsis javanica Garcinia fagraeoides Cinnamomum balansae Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Fibraurea recisa Stephania rotunda Stephania tetrandra Stephania longa Excentrodendron hsienmu Disporopsis longifolia Nervilia fordii Sm v dip Bin ha Th t tn inh ng sm Trai l G hng Re hng V hng Hong ng Bnh vi Phng k Li tin Nghin Hong tinh hoa trng Lan mt l IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA EN A1ad+2c,d VU A1c,d EN A1d+2d IIA IIA IIA

Lauraceae-Long no CR A1a,c,d MenispermaceaeTit d MenispermaceaeTit d MenispermaceaeTit d MenispermaceaeTit d Tiliaceae - ay Convallaricaceae Tc tin Ochidaceae - Lan Cha xp

11. KBT Thn Sa-Phng Hong tnh Thi Nguyn TT Tn Latin NHM IA: II 1 2 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Lan hi Paphiopedilum spp Kim tuyn Anoectochilus sp1 Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan IA IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

204

TT NHM IIA:

Tn Latin

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

Sch VN2007

Ngh nh 32

I Ngnh Thng - Pinophita 3 Thin tu Cycas sp. II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Asarum spp. Markhamia stipulata Erythrophloeum fordii Codonopsis javanica Garcinia fagraeoides Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Stephania spp. Fibraurea tinctoria Excentrodendron tonkinense Disporopsis longifolia Dendrobium nobile Nervilia fordii Hoa tin inh Lim xanh ng sm Trai l G hng Bnh vi Hong ng Nghin Hong tinh hoa trng Thch hc Lan mt l

Cycadaceae-Tu AristolochiaceaeNam mc hng Bignoniaceae-H Chm t CaesalpiniaceaeVang CampanulaceaeHoa chung Clusiaceae Mng ct Lauraceae - Re MenispermaceaeTit d MenispermaceaeTit d Tiliaceae - ay

VU B1+2e VU A1a,c,d+2c,d EN A1c,d CR A1a,c,d EN A1ad+2c,d

IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIa IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

Convallaricaceae VU A1c,d Tc tin Orchidaceae-Lan EN B1+2b,c Ochidaceae - Lan EN A1d+2d

12. VQG Ba V thnh ph H Ni TT Tn Latin NHM IIA: I 1 2 II 3 4 5 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Calocedrus macrolepis Cephalotaxus mannii Bch xanh nh tng Cupressaceae-Hong EN A1a,c,d, n B1+2b,c CephalotaxaceaeVU nh tng A1,c,d,B1+2b,c AristolochiaceaeNam mc hng AristolochiaceaeNam mc hng Aristolochiaceae205 EN A1c,d, B1+2b,c VU A1a,c,d VU A1c,d IIA IIA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Asarum balansae Asarum caudigerum Asarum glabrum T hoa Bin ha Hoa tin IIA IIA IIA

TT 6 7 8 9

Tn Latin Markhamia stipulata Codonopsis javanica Cinnamomum balansae Disporopsis longifolia

Tn Vit Nam Thit inh ng sm G hng Hong tinh hoa trng Thch hc

H Thc vt Nam mc hng Bignoniaceae-inh Campanulaceae-Hoa chung Lauraceae-Long no ConvallaricaceaeTc tin Orchidaceae-Lan

Sch VN2007 VU B1+2e VU A1a,c,d+2c,d VUA1c VU A1c,d EN B1+2b,c

Ngh nh 32 IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

10 Dendrobium nobile

13. VQG Ct B tnh Hi Phng TT NHM IA: II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 1 Dalbergia torulosa Sa 2 Paphiopedilum concolor Lan hi m NHM IIA: II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 3 Markhamia stipulata Thit inh 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sindora torulosa Garcinia fagraeoides Cinnamomum balansae Stephania hernandiifolia Stephania longa Stephania rotunda Nervilia fordii G lau Trai l G hng Dy mi Li tin Bnh vi Thanh thin qu Bignoniaceae-inh VU B1+2e EN Caesalpiniaceae-Vang A1a,c,d+2d Clusiaceae-Ba EN A1c,d Lauraceae-Long no VUA1c Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d EN Orchidaceae-Lan A1d+2d IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA Fabaceae-u Orchidaceae-Lan IA IA Tn Latin Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

14. VQG Cc Phng tnh Ninh Bnh TT NHM IA: II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 1 Paphiopedilum concolor Lan hi m 2 Paphiopedilum Tin hi 206 Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan VU IA IA Tn Latin Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

TT

Tn Latin hirsutissimum NHM IIA:

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

Sch Ngh VN2007 nh 32 A1c,d+2a,d

II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 3 Markhamia stipulata Thit inh 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Codonopsis jica Cinnamomum balansae Stephania japonica Stephania longa Stephania rotunda Dendrobium nobile Nervilia aragoana ng sm G hng Dy li tin Li tin Bnh vi Thch hc Chn tru xanh

Bignoniaceae-inh VU B1+2e Campanulaceae-Hoa VU chung A1a,c,d+2c,d Lauraceae-Long no VUA1c Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d Orchidaceae-Lan EN B1+2b,c VU Orchidaceae-Lan B1+2b,c,e

IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

15. KBTTN Vn Long tnh Ninh Bnh TT Tn Latin NHM IIA: I 1 2 3 4 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Cycas brachycantha Cycas miquelii Stephania japonica Tu l rng Tu gai t Li tin Cycadaceae-Tu Cycadaceae-Tu VU A1a,c IIA IIA IIA IIA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch Ngh VN2007 nh 32

II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit Bnh vi trung hoa Stephania sinica d 16. VQG Bch M tnh Tha Thin Hu, Qung Nam Tn Latin Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt

TT NHM IA:

Sch VN2007

Ngh nh 32

II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 1 Dalbergia torulosa Sa 2 Paphiopedilum V hi appleton appletonianum 3 Paphiopedilum callosum Vn hi 4 Anoectochilus chapaensis Gii thu sapa 207

Fabaceae-u Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan

VU B1+2b,c,e EN A1d

IA IA IA IA

TT

Tn Latin NHM IIA:

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

Sch VN2007

Ngh nh 32

II 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Sindora siamensis Sindora torulosa G mt G lau EN A1a,c,d EN Caesalpiniaceae-Vang A1a,c,d+2d EN Fabaceae-u A1a,c,d CR Lauraceae-Long no A1a,c,d Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit VU d B1+2b,c ConvallaricaceaeVU A1c,d Tc tin EN Orchidaceae-Lan B1+2b,c Caesalpiniaceae-Vang IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

Dalbergia cochinchinensis Trc Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Coscinium fenestratum Stephania dielsiana Disporopsis longifolia Dendrobium nobile V hng Vng ng C dm Hong tinh hoa trng Thch hc

17. VQG Phong Nha K Bng tnh Qung Bnh TT Tn Latin NHM IA: II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 1 Dalbergia torulosa Sa 2 Anoectochilus setaceus Kim tuyn t Paphiopedilum 3 V hi appletonianum 4 Paphiopedilum callosum Vn hi 5 Paphiopedilum villosum Kim hi Fabaceae-u Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan EN A1a,c,d VU B1+2b,c,e EN B1+2b,c,e IA IA IA IA IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

NHM IIA: I 6 7 II 8 9 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Calocedrus rupestris Fokienia hodginsii Bch xanh P mu Cupressaceae-Hong EN A1a,c,d, n B1+2b,c Cupressaceae-Hong EN A1a,c,d n Campanulaceae-Hoa VU chung A1a,c,d+2c,d Orchidaceae-Lan EN B1+2b,c 208 IIA IIA

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Codonopsis javanica Dendrobium nobile ng sm Hong tho IIA IIA

18. VQG P Mt tnh Ngh An TT NHM IA: II 1 I 2 3 II 4 5 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Sa Dalbergia torulosa NHM IIA: Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Fokienia hodginsii Cunninghamia konishii P mu Sa mc du Cupressaceae-Hong n EN A1a,c,d VU Taxodiaceae- Bt mc A1a,d,C1 Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d IIA IIA Fabaceae-u IA Tn Latin Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch Ngh VN2007 nh 32

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Stephania rotunda Stephania rotunda Bnh vi Bnh vi IIA IIA

19. VQG V Quang, tnh H Tnh TT Tn Latin NHM IA: II 1 2 3 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Anoectochilus chapanensis Gii thu sa pa Gagnep. Anoectochilus lylei Rolfe Lan sa ex Downies. Anoectochilus roxburghii Gii thu roxbur (Wall.) Lindl. Orchidaceae Phong lan Orchidaceae Phong lan Orchidaceae Phong lan Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch Ngh VN2007 nh 32

EN A1d -

IA IA IA

NHM IIA: I 4 5 6 II 7 8 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Fokienia hodginsii Dunn P mu Cupressaceae Hong n Pinaceae - Thng Cycadaceae Tu Aristolochiaceae Nam mc hng Caesalpiniaceae Vang 209 EN A1a,c,d VU A1a,c VU A1a,c VU A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA

Keteeleria davidiana Mast Du sam ni t Cycas brachycantha Tu brachycantha Warb. Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Asarum caudigerum Hance Bin hoa Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv. Lim xanh

IIA IIA

TT 9 10 11 12 13

Tn Latin Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte. Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Meissn. Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. Stephania longa Lour.

Tn Vit Nam G hng Re hng Hong ng Bnh vi

H Thc vt

Sch Ngh VN2007 nh 32 IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

Lauraceae Long no VU A1c Lauraceae Long no Menispermaceae Tit d Menispermaceae Tit d Orchidaceae Phong lan CR A1a,c,d EN B1+2b,c

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Thch hc 20. KBT akrng tnh Qung Tr

TT

Tn Latin NHM IA:

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

Sch VN2007

Ngh nh 32

I 1 2 3 4 5

Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Tu s va li Cycas chevalier Kim tuyn Anoectochilus elwesii Gii thu Anoectochilus lylei Anoectochilus roxburghii Lan kim tuyn Anoectochilus setaceus NHM IIA: Lan kim tuyn

Cycadaceae Tu Orchidaceae - lan Orchidaceae lan Orchidaceae lan Orchidaceae - lan

EN A1a,c,d

IIA IA IA IA IA

II 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Asarum balansae Erythrophleum fordii Sindora torulosa Tru tin tho Lim xanh G lau Aristolochiaceae Nam mc hng Caesalpiniaceae Vang Caesalpiniaceae Vang Lauraceae Long no Lauraceae - Re EN A1c,d, IIA B1+2b,c,e IIA

Cinnamomum glaucescens Re xanh phn Cinnamomum G hng parthenoxylon Coscinium fenestratum Fibraurea tintoria Stephania japonica Stephania longa Stephania rotunda Vng ng Hong ng Li tin Dy li tin Bnh vi 210

EN IIA A1a,c,d+2d IIA CR IIA A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

Menispermaceae Tit d Menispermaceae Tit d Menispermaceae Tit d Menispermaceae Tit d Menispermaceae Tit -

TT

Tn Latin

Tn Vit Nam d

H Thc vt

Sch VN2007

Ngh nh 32

21. KBT Phong in, tnh Tha Thin Hu TT Tn Latin NHM IA: II 1 2 3 4 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Kim tuyn Anoectochilus elwesii Gii thu Anoectochilus lylei Anoectochilus roxburghii Lan kim tuyn Lan kim tuyn Anoectochilus setaceus Orchidaceae - lan Orchidaceae lan Orchidaceae lan Orchidaceae - lan EN A1a,c,d IA IA IA IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

NHM IIA: I 5 II 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Thin tu chm Cycas immersa Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Erythrophleum fordii Sindora torulosa Lim xanh G lau Cycadaceae Tu Caesalpiniaceae Vang Caesalpiniaceae Vang Lauraceae Long no Lauraceae - Re Menispermaceae Tit d Menispermaceae Tit d Menispermaceae Tit d Menispermaceae Tit d EN A1a,c,d+2d CR A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA II

Cinnamomum glaucescens Re xanh phn Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Coscinium fenestratum Fibraurea tintoria Stephania japonica Stephania rotunda G hng Vng ng Hong ng Li tin Bnh vi

22. KBTTN Ngc Linh tnh Kon Tum Ngh Sch VN2007 nh 32

TT

Tn Latin NHM IA:

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 1 Anoectochilus lylei Kim tuyn lyle 2 Anoectochilus spp. Kim tuyn

Orchidaceae-Lan Orchidaceae-Lan 211

IA IA

TT

Tn Latin NHM IIA:

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

Ngh Sch VN2007 nh 32

I 3 4 5 6 II 7 8 9

Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Cephalotaxus mannii nh tng Cephalotaxaceaenh tng Pinaceae-Thng Pinaceae-Thng Cycadaceae-Tu VU A1,c,d,B1+2b,c VU A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA

Du sam Keteleeria evelyniana Thng lt Pinus dalatensis Tu chm Cycas immerse Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Panax vietnamensis Sm ngc linh

Cinnamomum balansae G hng Codonopsis javanica ng sm Vng ng Hong ng Dy ng tin

10 Coscinium fenestratum 11 Fibraurea tinctoria

12 Stephania pierrei

Araliaceae Ng gia EN A1a,c,d, IIA b B1+2b,c,e Lauraceae-Long no VUA1c IIA Campanulaceae-Hoa VU A1a,c,d+2c,d IIA chung Menispermacea-Tit VU A1a,c,d IIA d Menispermacea-Tit IIA d Menispermaceae-Tit IIA d

23. KBT Sng Thanh tnh Qung Nam TT Tn Latin NHM IA: II 1 II 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Anoectochilus sectaceus Kim tuyn Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Lim xanh Erythrophloeum fordii Sindora torulosa Dalbergia cochinchinensis Cinnamomum balansae Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Excentrodendron tonkinense Dendrobium nobile G lau Trc G hng Re hng, V hng Nghin Thch hc Ochidaceae - Lan EN A1a,c,d IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

NHM IIA: Caesalpiniaceae - Vang IIA EN Caesalpiniaceae-Vang IIA A1a,c,d+2d Fabaceae u Lauraceae - Re Lauraceae - Re Tiliaceae - ay Ochidaceae - Lan EN A1a,c,d IIA VUA1c IIA

CR A1a,c,d IIA EN A1aIIA d+2c,d EN B1+2bc IIA

212

24. KBT B N-Ni Cha, Nng TT Tn Latin NHM IA: II 1 II 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Anoectochilus chapaensis Gii thu sapa NHM IIA: Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida inh Markhamia stipulata Sindora torulosa G lau Bignoniaceae-inh VU B1+2e EN Caesalpiniaceae-Vang A1a,c,d+2d EN Fabaceae-u A1a,c,d Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit VU d B1+2b,c EN Orchidaceae-Lan B1+2b,c IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA Orchidaceae-Lan EN A1d IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

Dalbergia cochinchinensis Trc Coscinium fenestratum Stephania dielsiana Dendrobium nobile Vng ng C dm Thch hc

25. KBT Krng Trai TT Tn Latin NHM IIA: I 1 II 2 3 4 5 6 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Tu Cycas spp. Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Afzelia xylocarpa Sindora siamensis Dalbergia cochinchinensis Dalbergia oliveri G G mt Trc, Cm lai nam b Cm lai b ra Cycadaceae Caesalpiniaceae-Vang IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch Ngh nh VN2007 32

Pterocarpus macrocarpus Ging hng

EN A1c,d EN Caesalpiniaceae-Vang A1a,c,d EN Fabaceae-u A1a,c,d EN Fabaceae-u A1a,c,d EN Fabaceae-u A1a,c,d

213

26. VGQ Bidoup-Ni B tnh Lm ng TT Tn Latin NHM IA: I 1 2 3 II 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Cephalotaxus mannii nh tng CephalotaxaceaeVU nh tng A1,c,d,B1+2b,c Pinaceae-Thng VU A1a,c,d Taxaceae-Thng VU A1a,c Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan EN A1d EN A1a,c,d EN B1+2b,c VU B1+2b,c,e CR A1c,d+2d, B1+1b,c,e EN B1+2b,c,e IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

Du sam ni t Keteleria evelyniana Thng nam Taxus wallichiana Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Anoectochilus calcarues Kim tuyn Lan sa Anoectochilus lyei Anoectochilus setaceus Kim tuyn t Thch hc Dendrobium nobile Paphiopedilum V hi appletonianum Paphiopedilum callosum Vn hi

10 Paphiopedilum delenatii Hi 11 Paphiopedilum villosum Kim hi NHM IIA: I Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Bch xanh P mu

12 Calocedrus macrolepis 13 Fokienia hodginsii 14 15 16 II 17

Thng lt Pinus dalatensis Thng l dt Pinus krempfii Tu l ch Cycas michotzii Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida inh Markhamia stipulata G mt ng sm G hng Re xanh phn V hng Hong ng

Cupressaceae-Hong EN A1a,c,d, n B1+2b,c Cupressaceae-Hong EN A1a,c,d n A1a,c,d Pinaceae-Thng Pinaceae-Thng Cycadaceae-Tu VU A1a,c Bignoniaceae-inh VU B1+2e CaesalpiniaceaeEN A1a,c,d Vang Campanulaceae-Hoa VU chung A1a,c,d+2c,d Lauraceae-Long no VU A1c Lauraceae-Long no Lauraceae-Long no Menispermacea-Tit d Menispermacea-Tit 214 CR A1a,c,d -

IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

18 Sindora siamensis 19 Codonopsis javanica 20 Cinnamomum balansae Cinnamomum 21 glaucescens Cinnamomum 21 parthenoxylon 23 Fibraurea tinctoria

24 Stephania hernandiifolia Dy mi

TT

Tn Latin

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt d Menispermacea-Tit d

Sch VN2007 -

Ngh nh 32 IIA

25 Stephania rotunda

Bnh vi

27. VQG Ch Mom Ry, tnh Kon Tum TT Tn Latin NHM IA: II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Paphiopedilum delenati Hi NHM IIA: I 1 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Cephalotaxus mannii nh tng Cephalotaxaceaenh tng Cycadaceae Tu Cycadaceae Tu CaesalpiniaceaeVang Fabaceae-u Fabaceae u Fabaceae u MenispermaceaeTit d MenispermaceaeTit d Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan EN A1a,c,d VU B1+2b,c,e IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA VU A1,c,d,B1+2b,c VU A1 a,c EN A1a,c,d+2d EN A1a,c,d EN A1a,c,d Cm lai Dng hng qu to IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA Orchidaceae - Lan CR A1c,d+2d, B1+2b,c,e IA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch 2007 Ngh nh 32

2 Cycas micholitzii Tu l x 3 Cycas siamensis Tu thi lan II Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sindora torulosa Dalbergia cochinchinensis Dalbergia oliveri (D. bariaensis, D. mammosa) Pterocarpus macrocarpus G lau Trc, Trc b

Coscinium fenestratum Vng ng Stephania sp. Bnh vi Lan mt l Lan mt l

10 Nervilia aragoana 11 Nervilia plicata

28. VQG Kon Ka Kinh tnh Gia Lai TT NHM IA: II 1 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Kim tuyn Anoectochilus lylei 215 Orchidaceae-Lan IA Tn Latin Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch Ngh nh VN2007 32

TT

Tn Latin NHM IIA:

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

Sch Ngh nh VN2007 32

II 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Asarum petelotii Afzelia xylocarpa T hoa petelot G AristolochiaceaeNam mc hng Caesalpiniaceae-Vang Fabaceae-u Lauraceae-Long no Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d EN A1c,d EN A1a,c,d CR A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

Dalbergia cochinchinensis Trc Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Coscinium fenestratum Fibraurea tinctoria Stephania pierrei V hng Vng ng Hong ng Bnh vi trng

29. VQG York n, tnh k Lk TT Tn Latin NHM IIA: I 1 2 II 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Tu Cycas aff. elongata Tu l x Cycas micholitzii Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Markhamia stipulata Afzelia xylocarpa Sindora siamensis Dalbergia cochinchinensis Dalbergia oliveri (D. bariaensis, D. mammosa) Pterocarpus macrocarpus Cinnamomum parthenoxylum Fibraurea tinctoria Thit inh l b G G mt, g mt Trc Cm lai Dng hng qu to V hng Hong ng Cycadaceae Tu Cycadaceae Tu Bignoniaceaeinh Caesalpiniaceae Vang CaesalpiniaceaeVang Fabaceae-u Fabaceae u Fabaceae u Lauraceae- Long no MenispermaceaeTit d 216 EN A1a,c,d CR A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA VU A1 a,c VU B1+2a EN A1c,d EN A1a,c,d EN A1a,c,d EN A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch 2007 Ngh nh 32

TT 11

Tn Latin Nervilia sp.

Tn Vit Nam Lan mt l

H Thc vt Ochidaceae-Lan

Sch 2007 -

Ngh nh 32 IIA

VQG Ch Yang Sinh Ngh nh 32

TT

Tn Latin

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

Sch 2007

NHM IA: I 1 II Ngnh Thng - Pinophita VU Keteleeria evelyniana Du sam Pinaceae - Thng A1a,c, d CR 2 Paphiopedilum delenati Hi Orchidaceae - Lan A1c,d +2d, B1+2b ,c,e IA IA

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida

NHM IIA: I Ngnh Thng - Pinophita EN 3 Calocedrus macrolepis Bch xanh Cupressaceae Hong n EN A1a,c, d VU A1 a,c EN A1c,d EN A1a,c, d+2d EN Cm lai Dng hng qu to 217 Fabaceae u Fabaceae u EN A1a,c, A1a,c, d IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA A1a,c, d, B1+2b ,c IIA IIA

4 5 6 7 8 II 9 10

Fokienia hodginsii

P mu

Cupressaceae Hong n Pinaceae - Thng Cycadaceae Tu Cycadaceae Tu Cycadaceae Tu Caesalpiniaceae Vang CaesalpiniaceaeVang

Thng lt Pinus dalatensis Tu Cycas aff. elongata Tu l x Cycas micholitzii Tu thi lan Cycas siamensis Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Afzelia xylocarpa Sindora torulosa Dalbergia oliveri (D. bariaensis, D. mammosa) Pterocarpus macrocarpus G G lau

11 12

TT

Tn Latin

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

Sch 2007 d

Ngh nh 32 IIA

13

Cinnamomum parthenoxylum Codonopsis javanica Stephania hernandiifolia

V hng

Lauraceae- Long no CampanulaceaeHoa chung MenispermaceaeTit d

CR A1a,c, d VU A1a,c, d+2c,d -

IIA

14 15

ng sm Dy mi

IIA

30. KBT Ea S tnh k Lk TT Tn Latin NHM IA: II 1 2 3 4 5 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Afzelia xylocarpa Sindora siamensis Dalbergia cochinchinensis Dalbergia oliveri G G mt Trc, Cm lai nam b Cm lai b ra EN A1c,d EN Caesalpiniaceae-Vang A1a,c,d EN Fabaceae-u A1a,c,d EN Fabaceae-u A1a,c,d EN Fabaceae-u A1a,c,d Caesalpiniaceae-Vang IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch Ngh nh VN2007 32

Pterocarpus macrocarpus Ging hng 31. KBT Earal, tnh k Lk

TT

Tn Latin NHM IA:

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt

Sch VN2007

Ngh nh 32

I 1

Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Glyptostrobus pensilis Thng nc, Thy tng Taxodiaceae CR IA

32. KBT Trp Ks, tnh k Lk TT Tn Latin NHM IA: I Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

218

TT 1

Tn Latin Glyptostrobus pensilis

Tn Vit Nam Thng nc, Thy tng

H Thc vt Taxodiaceae

Sch VN2007 CR

Ngh nh 32 IA

33. VQG B Gia Mp, tnh Bnh Phc TT Tn Latin NHM IIA: I 1 2 II 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Thin tu trn Cycas circinalis Tu Cycas sp. Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Thit inh l b Markhamia stipulata Afzelia xylocarpa Sindora siamensis G G mt Cycadaceae -Tu Cycadaceae -Tu Bignoniaceae-inh CaesalpiniaceaeVang CaesalpiniaceaeVang Fabaceae-u VU B1+2a EN A1c,d EN A1a,c,d EN A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

Dalbergia Trc cochinchinensis Cm lai B Ra Dalbergia oliveri Pterocarpus macrocarpus Ging hng Coscinium fenestratum Fibraurea tinctoria Stephania sp. Nervilia crispata Nervilia prainiana Nervilia sp. Vng ng Hong ng Lan mt l Lan mt l Lan mt l Lan mt l

Fabaceae-u EN A1a,c,d Fabaceae-u EN A1a,c,d Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan -

34. VQG Ct tin tnh ng Nai, Bnh Phc TT Tn Latin NHM IIA: II 1 2 3 Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Afzelia xylocarpa Sindora siamensis G G mt CaesalpiniaceaeVang CaesalpiniaceaeVang Fabaceae-u EN A1c,d EN A1a,c,d EN A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch Ngh nh VN2007 32

Dalbergia cochinchinensis Trc

219

TT 4 5 6 7 8 9

Tn Latin Dalbergia oliveri

Tn Vit Nam Cm lai B Ra

H Thc vt Fabaceae-u Fabaceae-u Menispermaceae-Tit d Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan Ochidaceae-Lan

Pterocarpus macrocarpus Ging hng Coscinium fenestratum Dendrobium nobile Nervilia aragoana Nervilia plicata Vng ng Thch hc Lan mt l Lan mt l

Sch Ngh nh VN2007 32 EN IIA A1a,c,d EN IIA A1a,c,d EN B1+2b,c VU B1+2b,c,e IIA IIA IIA IIA

35. VQG Ni Cha tnh Ninh Thun TT Tn Latin NHM IIA: I Ngnh Thng - Pinophita 1 Cycas pectinata 2 3 II 4 5 6 7 8 Tu lc, Thin tu Cycadaceae -Tu Cycadaceae -Tu Cycadaceae -Tu Caesalpiniaceae Vang CaesalpiniaceaeVang Fabaceae u VU A1a,c,d, B1+2b,c,e VU A1a,c EN A1c,d EN A1a,c,d EN A1a,c,d EN A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch Ngh nh VN2007 32

Thin tu trn Cycas circinalis Thin tu l ch Cycas micholitzii Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Afzelia xylocarpa Sindora siamensis G G mt

Dalbergia cochinchinensis Trc

Pterocarpus macrocarpus Dng hng tri to Fabaceae-u Stephania longa Menispermaceae-Tit d 36. VQG Phc Bnh tnh Ninh Thun Li tin Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt

TT

Tn Latin NHM IIA:

Sch Ngh nh VN2007 32

I 1 II 2

Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Thin tu Cycas siamensis Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Thit inh l b Markhamia stipulata 220

Cycadaceae-Tu Bignoniaceae-inh

VU

IIA IIA

TT

Tn Latin

Tn Vit Nam

3 4 5 6 7

Afzelia xylocarpa Sindora siamensis

G G mt

Dalbergia cochinchinensis Trc Pterocarpus macrocarpus Ging hng Calocedrus macrolepis Bch xanh

Sch Ngh nh VN2007 32 B1+2a Caesalpiniaceae EN IIA Vang A1c,d EN Caesalpiniaceae-Vang IIA A1a,c,d EN Fabaceae-u IIA A1a,c,d EN Fabaceae-u IIA A1a,c,d EN Cupressaceae-Hong IIA A1a,c,d, n B1+2b,c H Thc vt

37. KBT Bnh Chu Phc Bu, tnh B Ra Vng Tu TT Tn Latin NHM IIA: I 1 II 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Tu Cycas sp. Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Afzelia xylocarpa Sindora siamensis G G mt Cycadaceae -Tu CaesalpiniaceaeVang CaesalpiniaceaeVang Fabaceae-u EN A1c,d EN A1a,c,d EN A1a,c,d IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

Dalbergia Trc cochinchinensis Cm lai B Ra Dalbergia oliveri Pterocarpus macrocarpus Ging hng Coscinium fenestratum Stephania sp. Vng ng Bnh vi

Fabaceae-u EN A1a,c,d Fabaceae-u EN A1a,c,d Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d

38. KBT Vnh Cu, tnh ng Nai

TT Tn Latin NHM IIA: I 1 2 Ngnh Thng - Pinophita Thin tu trn Cycas circinalis Thin tu khng Cycas inermis gai 221 Cycadaceae -Tu Cycadaceae -Tu IIA IIA Tn Vit Nam H Thc vt Sch VN2007 Ngh nh 32

TT II 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Tn Latin

Tn Vit Nam

H Thc vt Bignoniaceae-inh CaesalpiniaceaeVang CaesalpiniaceaeVang Fabaceae-u Fabaceae-u Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d Menispermaceae-Tit d

Sch VN2007 VU B1+2a EN A1c,d EN A1a,c,d EN A1a,c,d EN A1a,c,d -

Ngh nh 32 IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA IIA

Ngnh ngc lan - Magnoliophida Thit inh Markhamia stipulata Afzelia xylocarpa Sindora siamensis G G mt

Cm lai B Ra Dalbergia oliveri Pterocarpus macrocarpus Ging hng Coscinium fenestratum Fibraurea tinctoria Stephania japonica Vng ng Hong ng Dy mi

Ph Lc 4: Bn phn b mt s loi thc vt quy cp qu him

222